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29:
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398:(FAA) followed on 7 April 1967. Deliveries commenced during the following year. According to aviation journalist Richard Collins, Hamburger Flugzeugbau's sales and service teams appeared to make only half-hearted efforts, which led to little customer interest in comparison to other business jets. In the long run, this inability to generated sales soon brought about the end of the programme.
555:
lists a total of nine accidents (six fatal) for the type, a 20 percent hull-loss rate, but only the crash of the prototype was directly attributable to the aircraft's design; pilot error was blamed in a majority of the accidents. According to aviation publication AIN Online, perhaps the last flying
315:
engine to power the design was a straightforward choice; at the time, there was no other compact turbojets that had reached quantity manufacture yet. It provided some benefits, such as a relatively high thrust output, but was both noisy and fuel-hungry. Despite this power, the Hansa Jet required a
478:
For added safety, the Hansa Jet was furnished with triple-redundant systems. It was also provisioned with a fully automated fuel system, having a 4,070 L (1,075 US gal) capacity distributed across multiple fuel tanks located in the fuselage, wing, and wing tips. Early aircraft were
406:, the multinational successor company to Hamburger Flugzeugbau, the decision to terminate further development efforts involving the Hansa Jet had been attributed to the intense international competition from rival manufacturers, as well as a decline in value of the U.S. dollar during this period.
181:
transport duties. During 1973, it was decided to end production of the Hansa Jet. Reasons for the programme's termination include increased competition from newer executive jets, a decline in the value of the US dollar, and the limited sales of the type. The German Air Force continued to operate
536:
placed an order for 13 HFB 320s. As part of the evaluation of the type, two preproduction aircraft were delivered to the ErpSt 61 test wing at
Oberpfaffenhoffen in 1966. As a consequence of this evaluation, a total of six aircraft were ordered for VIP transport duties by the German Air Force;
371:. A second prototype was flown on 19 October 1964. After a year of certification flight testing, on 12 May 1965, the first prototype crashed, resulting in the death of Hamburger Flugzeugbau's chief test pilot; the cause was determined to have been the occurrence of an unrecoverable
474:
or similar structural elements; this choice facilitated the adoption of a longer cabin with more seats while maintaining adequate headroom in the small-diameter fuselage. As of 2019, the HFB 320 remains the only civilian jet ever to have a forward-swept wing.
454:
engines enabled the aircraft to achieve a maximum speed of 900 km/h (486 kn) along with a maximum endurance in excess of 2,200 km (1,200 nmi). The decision to mount these engines far aft contributed to the relatively quiet cabin.
323:
While the German manufacturer would construct the majority of the airframe, including the fuselage, engine pods and control system within its own factory, Hamburger
Flugzeugbau formed partnerships with multiple other aircraft manufactures, including
409:
In 1969, the $ 840,000 HFB 320 was to be developed into the $ 1.7 million, Mach 0.76 HFB 330: flight-testing was to start in 1971 for FAR 25 certification by late 1972. It would have been stretched by 27.5 in (70 cm) and powered by
418:
for short-field operation. A 7,300 lb (3,300 kg) fuel capacity would have gave it a maximum endurance over seven hours and a transcontinental range of 2,000 mi (1,700 nmi; 3,200 km) with five people.
401:
Factors such as increased competition from newer executive jets and a comparatively poor safety record had contributed to dwindling orders during the late 1960s; during 1973, production of the type was ceased. According to
287:
239:
government. Having identified the development of its own business jet as a suitable venture, Hamburger
Flugzeugbau tasked its design team with producing an innovative small jet aircraft of its own.
235:. At this time, the company was reportedly keen to reassert its authority as a design agency and looking for a suitable commercially viable project in light of limited funding available from the
320:(MTOW) of 20,280-pounds, it was a relatively heavy aircraft compared with several competing business jets, such as the pre-existing Learjet 23 that had motivated the Hansa Jet's development.
155:. It possessed a spacious cabin, which was achieved due to its wing design, but was a relatively heavy aircraft, posing some issues during both take-off and landing. On 21 April 1964, the
1123:
163:. On 12 May 1965, the first prototype was lost during a test flight, killing Hamburger Flugzeugbau's chief test pilot; several design changes were made to change the Hansa Jet's
544:(ECM) training to air crews; these aircraft were delivered between August 1976 and April 1982. During 1985, the German Air Force decided to replace its Hansas with newer
1357:
487:
was made available as an optional. The brake issue was later effectively addressed via the availability of more substantial brake units and the introduction of
556:
Hansa in the U.S. crashed on 30 November 2004. Because of the low number of airframes remaining, it became economically impractical to re-engine or install
1238:
898:
The first 15 production units used
General Electric CJ610-1 engines; the next 20 units used the more powerful CJ610-5; subsequent units used the CJ610-9.
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173:
of the Hansa Jet was received during early 1967 and the first deliveries commenced during the following year. The largest customer of the type was the
1659:
1120:
390:
Assembly of the first ten production aircraft commenced during May 1965, the first of these reportedly flew on 2 February 1966. The granting of
1350:
525:, which received the first delivery on 26 September 1967. Other corporate purchasers of the HFB 320 included the Argentinian state-owned
147:
The Hansa Jet begun development during the 1960s, the selection of the forward-swept wing can be largely attributed to head engineer
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1343:
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runway length of roughly 5,900 feet, preventing it from using most smaller airports thus limiting its practicality. Possessing a
1024:
466:. This arrangement provided multiple benefits, not least maximising the aircraft's speed capabilities. It also allowed the main
343:, which produced several other elements of the airframe abroad at their own facilities. On 18 March 1964, assembly of the first
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198 km/h (123 mph, 107 kn) with take-off flap, 178 km/h (111 mph; 96 kn) in landing configuration
262:. This experience strongly influenced the decision to adopt a forward-swept wing for the new design, which became known as the
182:
their Hansa Jets into the early 1990s. A limited number continued to be used amongst civilian operators into the 21st century.
499:
1679:
843:
700 km/h (430 mph, 380 kn) EAS below 5,800 m (19,000 ft), M0.83 above 5,800 m (19,000 ft)
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28:
227:. Several other manufacturers paid heed to this newly-found niche in the global aircraft market, one of these being the
1649:
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274:. The aircraft's aerodynamics were shaped by in excess of 2,000 hours of model-based testing performed in various
1218:
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825 km/h (513 mph, 445 kn) max, at 7,620 m (25,000 ft) at 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
395:
279:
270:, a more spacious cabin could be achieved than that of the Learjet, while remaining just as fast by minimising
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675 km/h (419 mph; 364 kn) at 10,670 m (35,000 ft) at 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
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2,370 km (1,470 mi, 1,280 nmi) with six passengers and baggage and 45 minutes fuel reserve
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to pass through the fuselage behind the passenger cabin, thus leaving it unencumbered by carry-through
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Hansa Jet was completed; its use in a round of ground-based testing commenced immediately thereafter.
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379:. As a consequence of the accident, various modifications were introduced to improve the aircraft's
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7, 11 or 15 passenger configurations / 1,814 kg (3,999 lb) payload in freighter versions
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in the VIP role; the service's ECM aircraft remained operational until their withdrawal in 1994.
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between 1964 and 1973. The most recognisable and unconventional feature of the aircraft is its
64:
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Additionally, a further eight Hansa jets were purchased by the German Air Force for providing
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of a somewhat conventional layout, being powered by a rear-mounted twin jet engines beneath a
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The first customer for the Hansa Jet was the
Italian construction materials manufacturer
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by German authorities was achieved on 23 February 1967, certification from the
American
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443:. Constructed entirely of metal, it has a 10-seat passenger cabin and retractable
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21.6 m/s (4,250 ft/min) at sea level at 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
1025:"Quick Look: Hansa Jet: The ‘German LearJet’ was forward thinking, yet doomed."
941:
380:
251:
164:
152:
1160:"ASN Aircraft accident MBB HFB-320 Hansa Jet D-CHFB Madrid-Torrejon AFB (TOJ)"
1643:
1276:(64th ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. pp. 94–95.
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985:, October 1994, Vol 47 No 4. pp. 234–235. ISSN 0306-5634, p. 234-235.
359:
The prototype HFB 320 Hansa Jet displayed at the May 1964 Hanover Air Show
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4,140 L (1,094 US gal; 911 imp gal) usable fuel
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The HFB-320 is a business aircraft with twin aft-mounted turbojets
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447:. As certified, the Hansa Jet can carry up to 12 passengers. Its
228:
133:
57:
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403:
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1052:, Vol. 36, No. 8, 1 August 1964. pp. 248–251. ISSN 0002-2667.
615:
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The head of
Hamburger Flugzeugbau's engineering team, German
1329:
Encyclopedia of the World's
Commercial and Private Aircraft
1148:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965, p. 74.
855:
12,000 m (40,000 ft) maximum operating altitude
178:
367:; during the following month, it was exhibited at the
1198:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1969.
537:
deliveries of these aircraft commenced during 1969.
911:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
807:aircraft, 14 kN (3,100 lbf) thrust each
560:on the Hansa Jet's relatively-noisy CJ610 engines.
734:14.49 m (47 ft 6 in) inc. tip-tanks
383:characteristics, including the installation of a
118:Military: 24 June 1994 Civilian: 30 November 2004
1641:
1089:"Junkers Ju287 Technology Surprise, 1945-Style."
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
151:, who had previously worked on the experimental
363:On 21 April 1964, the prototype conducted its
1351:
1331:. New York City: Crescent Books. p. 201.
1170:
1050:Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
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375:which had been induced by the design of the
1047:"Sweptforward Wings for the HFB 320 Hansa."
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867:7,600 m (24,900 ft) in 12 minutes
692:
458:An unusual feature of the Hansa Jet is its
288:Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium
1358:
1344:
1115:
1113:
1111:
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988:
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483:at a high rate during landings; while a
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258:which was the first aircraft to feature
194:
1299:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
1274:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1973–74
1196:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1969–70
1146:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66
1104:
975:
973:
971:
969:
701:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1973–74
177:, who tasked it with both training and
1660:1960s German military utility aircraft
1642:
1367:Blohm & Voss/Hamburger Flugzeugbau
1326:
1271:
979:Sloot, Emiel. "Hansa Jet Retirement".
494:
203:turbojet is derived from the military
1339:
1290:
873:305 kg/m (62 lb/sq ft)
665:
579:
1296:
1121:"AD places limit on rare Hansa jet."
966:
746:30.14 m (324.4 sq ft)
435:The HFB 320 Hansa Jet is a mid-wing
254:, an experimental jet bomber of the
1062:Heppenheimer, T.A. (1 March 2003).
728:16.61 m (54 ft 6 in)
13:
1320:
1157:
878:FAA balanced field length at MTOW:
740:4.94 m (16 ft 2 in)
132:that was designed and produced by
14:
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527:Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales
672:
632:
608:
586:
27:
1272:Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1973).
1243:
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1209:
1188:
892:
396:Federal Aviation Administration
1655:1960s German business aircraft
1240:HFB 320 Hansa Accident Summary
1151:
1136:
1081:
788:9,218 kg (20,322 lb)
782:5,425 kg (11,960 lb)
462:, which is mid-mounted in the
350:
280:Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt
250:, had previously designed the
185:
1:
959:
1680:Aircraft first flown in 1964
886:1,350 m (4,430 ft)
880:1,450 m (4,760 ft)
563:
7:
1670:Forward-swept-wing aircraft
1068:Air & Space/Smithsonian
905:
128:is a twin-engine, ten-seat
10:
1696:
219:successfully launched the
190:
1650:Blohm & Voss aircraft
1611:
1425:
1374:
1229:. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
937:North American Sabreliner
884:FAA landing field length:
542:electronic countermeasure
422:
223:, one of the first light
215:businessman and inventor
114:
106:
101:
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75:
63:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
1178:"At the NBAA convention"
826:Economical cruise speed:
802:General Electric CJ610-9
693:Specifications (HFB 320)
479:known to wear out their
211:During the early 1960s,
1303:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
1251:"Jet Hansa Corporation"
707:General characteristics
553:Aviation Safety Network
1327:Mondey, David (1982).
954:List of civil aircraft
576:
518:
449:General Electric CJ610
432:
360:
318:maximum takeoff weight
310:General Electric CJ610
231:aircraft manufacturer
208:
201:General Electric CJ610
136:aircraft manufacturer
917:British Aerospace 125
687:West German Air Force
656:Jet Hansa Corporation
571:
502:
430:
358:
305:The selection of the
233:Hamburger Flugzeugbau
198:
138:Hamburger Flugzeugbau
88:West German Air Force
70:Hamburger Flugzeugbau
1194:Taylor, John W. R..
1182:Flight International
1133:, 21 September 2006.
660:Modern Air Transport
647:Golden West Airlines
625:Libyan Arab Airlines
573:Golden West Airlines
546:Canadair Challengers
341:Lockheed Corporation
278:at site such as the
1216:"HFB 320 HANSA JET"
1164:aviation-safety.net
1101:, 1 September 1914.
786:Max takeoff weight:
495:Operational history
260:forward-swept wings
39:General information
1221:2012-03-26 at the
1143:Taylor, John W. R.
1126:2019-07-15 at the
1094:2018-09-19 at the
1030:, 1 February 2017.
922:Dassault Falcon 10
839:Never exceed speed
666:Military operators
652:Grand Aire Express
580:Civilian operators
577:
519:
460:forward-swept wing
433:
392:type certification
361:
209:
171:Type certification
142:forward-swept wing
1637:
1636:
1297:Lednicer, David.
1253:. Airline History
1184:. 9 October 1969.
1023:Bedell, Peter A.
982:Air International
865:Time to altitude:
532:During 1963, the
431:HFB 320 schematic
167:characteristics.
126:HFB 320 Hansa Jet
122:
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22:HFB 320 Hansa Jet
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504:German Air Force
489:thrust reversers
485:drogue parachute
416:thrust reversers
369:Hanover Air Show
256:Second World War
175:German Air Force
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1119:Thurber, Mark.
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1099:Aviation Week
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1064:"Wrong Turns"
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948:Related lists
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871:Wing loading:
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780:Empty weight:
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640:United States
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445:undercarriage
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365:maiden flight
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339:and American
338:
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225:business jets
222:
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199:The selected
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161:maiden flight
158:
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110:21 April 1964
109:
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37:
30:
25:
20:
1628:
1328:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:
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1273:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1245:
1234:
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1181:
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1138:
1130:
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1071:. Retrieved
1057:
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1027:
980:
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946:
927:IAI Westwind
910:
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894:
883:
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858:
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837:
832:Stall speed:
831:
825:
819:
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797:
791:
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771:
764:
758:
751:Aspect ratio
749:
743:
737:
731:
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719:
713:
706:
704:
700:
697:
696:
680:West Germany
618:
550:
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531:
520:
477:
457:
434:
412:Garrett ATF3
408:
400:
389:
385:stick pusher
362:
322:
304:
276:wind tunnels
267:
263:
244:aeronautical
241:
210:
169:
146:
130:business jet
125:
123:
107:First flight
94:Number built
84:Primary user
65:Manufacturer
48:Business jet
16:Business jet
1227:hansajet.de
1073:10 November
813:Performance
798:Powerplant:
523:Italcementi
351:Into flight
237:West German
186:Development
1644:Categories
1257:4 December
1131:AIN Online
960:References
932:Learjet 25
744:Wing area:
601:Millardair
510:with nose
373:deep stall
248:Hans Wocke
221:Learjet 23
207:, pictured
149:Hans Wocke
732:Wingspan:
720:Capacity:
698:Data from
564:Operators
558:hush kits
468:wing spar
437:monoplane
345:prototype
292:Amsterdam
284:Göttingen
268:Hansa Jet
246:engineer
217:Bill Lear
157:prototype
1665:Twinjets
1369:aircraft
1308:16 April
1219:Archived
1206:, p. 97.
1124:Archived
1092:Archived
1028:aopa.org
906:See also
805:turbojet
506:HFB 320
464:fuselage
452:turbojet
313:turbojet
307:American
213:American
1629:HFB 320
1624:HFB 314
1619:HFB 209
760:Airfoil
738:Height:
726:Length:
575:HFB-320
516:aerials
266:or the
264:HFB 320
191:Origins
115:Retired
102:History
79:Retired
58:Germany
1603:Ae 607
1483:BV 250
1478:BV 246
1473:BV 238
1468:BV 237
1463:BV 222
1458:BV 155
1453:BV 144
1448:BV 143
1443:BV 141
1438:BV 138
1417:Ha 142
1412:Ha 141
1407:Ha 140
1402:Ha 139
1397:Ha 138
1392:Ha 137
1387:Ha 136
1382:Ha 135
1280:
1202:
847:Range:
677:
637:
613:
594:Canada
591:
512:radome
481:brakes
441:T-tail
423:Design
377:T-tail
337:Fokker
300:France
296:Modane
294:, and
286:, the
229:German
134:German
76:Status
1598:P 215
1593:P 214
1588:P 213
1583:P 212
1578:P 211
1573:P 210
1568:P 209
1563:P 208
1558:P 204
1553:P 203
1548:P 202
1543:P 200
1538:P 198
1533:P 197
1528:P 196
1523:P 194
1518:P 193
1513:P 192
1508:P 188
1503:P 184
1498:P 178
1493:P 170
1488:P 163
1433:BV 40
765:root:
714:Crew:
616:Libya
472:spars
381:stall
334:Dutch
326:Spain
165:stall
1310:2019
1278:ISBN
1259:2019
1200:ISBN
1075:2011
800:2 ×
772:tip:
551:The
404:EADS
330:CASA
272:drag
124:The
44:Type
1612:HFB
508:ECM
328:'s
298:in
290:in
282:in
205:J85
179:VIP
1646::
1426:BV
1375:Ha
1301:.
1225:.
1180:.
1162:.
1106:^
1066:.
1035:^
990:^
968:^
770:;
491:.
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144:.
97:47
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1312:.
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1166:.
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841::
762::
755:6
753::
716:2
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