146:
138:
1480:
154:
29:
334:, spokesperson of the prime minister's office tweeted "The Iranian regime unveils the Kowsar plane and claims that it is ‘the first 100% locally-manufactured Iranian fighter jet'. It boasts about its offensive capabilities. But I immediately noticed that this is a very old American war plane (it was manufactured in the ‘50s). It is from the F-5 class of jets which has not been in use for decades".
202:
Western analysts have described the plane to be inefficient as a weapon, but having potential for training a new generation of
Iranian fighter pilots. According to the Iranian state-media, this fighter jet has "advanced avionics" and multipurpose radar, and it was "100-percent indigenously made". It
750:
329:
told press that it was a "natural reaction to an economic crisis", adding "he
Iranians are feeling very pressured by the continued US sanctions and in reaction they are coming out with these things, but we also shouldn’t dismiss it".
353:, the Iranians have possibly made upgrades and changes to the Kowsar while keeping the basic F-5 jet frame. He also suggests that while Iran can reverse engineer the jet frame, the problem lies in sourcing engines and avionics.
983:
776:
695:
238:
with a total capacity of 3200 kg (7054 lbs) of armaments and also has a 20 mm cannon. It can carry up to 4 air to air Fatir missiles, a reverse engineering of
1413:
669:
298:
932:
1520:
1342:
220:
1836:
1748:
1671:
1391:
61:
1763:
1738:
587:
1298:
246:(a Chinese model or its domestic production has been used) with a range of 93 km (57 miles) that can engage two targets simultaneously.
1796:
1753:
1468:
1446:
538:
854:
609:
1716:
878:
829:
242:
missiles, or twelve 250 kg (550 lbs) bombs or five 450 kg (1000 lbs) bombs or two 900 kg (2000 lbs) bombs. Kowsar has an
Italian
341:, "approximately two-thirds of the original production F-5s remain operational in 26 countries, including the United States."
1484:
703:
258:
1020:
919:
Approximately two-thirds of the original production F-5's remain operational in 26 countries, including the United States.
1125:
261:(IAIO), announced that Iran was ready to export the HESA Kowsar jet and had agreements with Russia, China and Indonesia.
1423:
426:
302:
99:
1872:
1401:
656:
1274:
1170:
1106:
1083:
1033:
1788:
1461:
1132:
726:
1111:
802:
249:
There were reports of a crash by an
Iranian-operated F-5 days after the Kowsar's existence was announced.
1578:
1433:
1418:
1396:
1139:
219:
On
November 3, 2018, there was a ceremony that inaugurated the launch of the Kowsar assembly line at the
1476:
561:
1428:
1454:
957:
459:
2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi) (with external fuel tanks and 20 minutes reserved fuel)
432:
engines, 15.5 kN (3,500 lbf) thrust each, 4,900 lbf (22 kN) in full afterburner.
189:
1408:
1069:
1062:
1013:
526:
727:"Iran's 'New' Fighter Jet Provokes Derision, As Observers Note Likeness To U.S. Jet From The '60s"
1703:
1867:
1116:
1386:
1181:
903:
8:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1076:
1006:
196:
227:
was present as he inspected the Kowsar in the
Defense Industry Day event celebration in
1841:
1778:
1661:
1643:
1877:
1811:
1610:
1161:
1846:
1540:
1510:
1492:
958:"Iran's first indigenously developed fighter jet looks a lot like the American F-5"
933:"Military experts say Iran's new fighter jet is actually a US plane from the 1970s"
803:"Iranian F-5 jet crashes southwest Tehran days after unveiling native 'Kowsar' jet"
338:
326:
239:
181:
166:
73:
44:
1656:
1651:
1623:
208:
1826:
1821:
1731:
1586:
1568:
1548:
1353:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1212:
1101:
635:
509:
492:
331:
274:
224:
125:
145:
1861:
1591:
1331:
204:
1816:
1743:
1726:
1693:
1666:
1309:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1190:
1057:
1029:
504:
278:
185:
121:
998:
465:
2,900 km (1,800 mi, 1,600 nmi) (with 3 external fuel tanks)
309:. The images published showed the aircraft painted in non-combat colours.
1806:
1801:
1768:
1758:
1721:
1711:
1628:
1563:
1558:
1525:
1515:
1363:
751:"Iran launches mass-production of Kowsar "fourth-generation" fighter jet"
514:
487:
270:
243:
129:
48:
1831:
1773:
1618:
1601:
1530:
1500:
257:
On
November 26, 2018, Brigadier General Abdolkarim Banitarafi, head of
235:
879:"Israel mocks Iran's 'indigenous' fighter jet as copy of obsolete F-5"
830:"Israel mocks Iran's 'indigenous' fighter jet as copy of obsolete F-5"
659:, Michael Lipin, Farhad Pouladi at globalsecurity.org, August 25, 2018
137:
696:"Iran launches production of F-5-derived Kowsar fighter - Jane's 360"
349:
According to
Douglas Barrie, military aerospace senior fellow at the
1685:
1633:
1505:
1320:
429:
301:
announced that three new Kowsar aircraft had been delivered to the
192:
306:
228:
670:"Iran starts mass-producing locally designed Kowsar fighter jet"
657:
Iran's New
Warplane Seen Limited as Weapon, Useful for Training
322:
153:
28:
211:(HUD), ballistic computers and smart mobile mapping systems.
1479:
350:
178:
289:
The Kowsar is produced in single and two-seater variants.
855:"Iran announces delivery of Kowsar jets, shows F-5Fs"
568:. British Forces Broadcasting Service. 21 August 2018
588:"Iran unveils new domestically-produced fighter jet"
521:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
556:
554:
223:(HESA) with at least seven being made. President
1859:
628:
777:"Military knowledge: Kosar fighter + pictures"
562:"New Fighter Jet Unveiled By Iranian Military"
551:
299:Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics
277:, was made based on the frame of the American
221:Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Company
62:Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company
1462:
1014:
447:1,700 km/h (1,100 mph, 920 kn)
1028:
610:"Eyeing U.S., Iran unveils new fighter jet"
1469:
1455:
1021:
1007:
718:
539:List of aircraft of the Iranian Air Force
453:1,100 km (680 mi, 590 nmi)
821:
152:
144:
136:
1860:
852:
724:
292:
1450:
1002:
259:Iran Aviation Industries Organization
930:
688:
401:17.28 m (186.0 sq ft)
188:. The aircraft is equipped with new
827:
383:14.45 m (47 ft 5 in)
203:also uses digital data networks, a
170:
13:
984:"دانش نظامی: جنگنده کوثر + تصاویر"
636:"European Defence Review magazine"
395:4.08 m (13 ft 5 in)
389:8.13 m (26 ft 8 in)
303:Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
100:Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
14:
1889:
994:
477:175 m/s (34,400 ft/min)
356:
1478:
1402:2012 Virginia Beach F/A-18 crash
195:in combination with an advanced
27:
1084:Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration
976:
950:
924:
896:
871:
853:Binnie, Jeremy (25 June 2020),
846:
795:
769:
344:
931:Reid, David (22 August 2018).
743:
725:Dudley, Dominic (2018-08-21).
662:
650:
602:
580:
471:15,800 m (51,800 ft)
419:9,312 kg (20,529 lb)
413:7,157 kg (15,778 lb)
214:
1:
544:
407:4,349 kg (9,588 lb)
297:On 25 June 2020, the Iranian
1414:F/A-18 in Australian service
1392:1982 Thunderbirds T-38 crash
312:
7:
1419:Hugo Wolf F/A-18C simulator
1397:2008 San Diego F/A-18 crash
1140:High Alpha Research Vehicle
481:
317:
284:
157:HESA Kowsar production line
149:HESA Kowsar production line
10:
1894:
1787:
1702:
1684:
1642:
1609:
1600:
1577:
1539:
1491:
1376:
1340:
1318:
1296:
1287:
1179:
1159:
1152:
1092:
1048:
1041:
264:
252:
141:Unveiling the HESA Kowsar
35:
26:
21:
1873:Iranian fighter aircraft
1409:CF-18 Demonstration Team
1383:Accidents and incidents
527:Northrop F-20 Tigershark
49:advanced fighter trainer
16:Iranian fighter aircraft
904:"F-5 Tiger Fighter Jet"
368:General characteristics
1485:Iranian-built aircraft
337:However, according to
184:based on the American
158:
150:
142:
269:The Kowsar, like the
156:
148:
140:
1387:1966 NASA T-38 crash
325:'s defense minister
834:The Times of Israel
499:Related development
417:Max takeoff weight:
305:, in a ceremony in
293:Operational history
197:fire control system
1579:Transport aircraft
828:AFP (2018-08-21).
757:. November 7, 2018
590:. BBC. 21 Aug 2018
234:HESA Kowsar has 7
159:
151:
143:
96:Primary user
1855:
1854:
1680:
1679:
1444:
1443:
1372:
1371:
1347:
1325:
1303:
1283:
1282:
1184:
1164:
1162:McDonnell Douglas
1148:
1147:
1095:
1051:
676:. 3 November 2018
616:. August 22, 2018
190:fourth generation
135:
134:
1885:
1607:
1606:
1541:Fighter aircraft
1493:Trainer aircraft
1483:
1482:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1341:
1319:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1180:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1093:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1000:
999:
988:
987:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
964:. 21 August 2018
962:The Defense Post
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
928:
922:
921:
916:
914:
908:Northrop Grumman
900:
894:
893:
892:
890:
885:, 21 August 2018
875:
869:
868:
867:
865:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
809:. 26 August 2018
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
747:
741:
740:
738:
737:
722:
716:
715:
713:
711:
702:. Archived from
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
666:
660:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
606:
600:
599:
597:
595:
584:
578:
577:
575:
573:
558:
469:Service ceiling:
440:
370:
339:Northrop Grumman
327:Avigdor Liberman
209:heads-up display
172:
118:
108:
83:3 November 2018
52:Type of aircraft
45:Fighter aircraft
31:
19:
18:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1783:
1698:
1676:
1638:
1596:
1573:
1535:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1445:
1440:
1368:
1345:
1336:
1323:
1314:
1301:
1289:
1279:
1175:
1144:
1088:
1037:
1027:
997:
992:
991:
982:
981:
977:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
941:
939:
929:
925:
912:
910:
902:
901:
897:
888:
886:
883:Times of Israel
877:
876:
872:
863:
861:
851:
847:
838:
836:
826:
822:
812:
810:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
755:Air Recognition
749:
748:
744:
735:
733:
723:
719:
709:
707:
694:
693:
689:
679:
677:
668:
667:
663:
655:
651:
641:
639:
634:
633:
629:
619:
617:
608:
607:
603:
593:
591:
586:
585:
581:
571:
569:
560:
559:
552:
547:
484:
436:
366:
359:
347:
320:
315:
295:
287:
267:
255:
217:
128:
124:
116:
106:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:CF-188 (CF-18)
1129:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1003:
996:
995:External links
993:
990:
989:
975:
949:
923:
895:
870:
845:
820:
794:
783:. 10 July 2020
768:
742:
717:
687:
661:
649:
627:
601:
579:
566:Forces Network
549:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
530:
529:
518:
517:
512:
510:HESA Azarakhsh
507:
496:
495:
493:IAIO Qaher-313
490:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:Rate of climb:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
445:Maximum speed:
434:
433:
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
358:
357:Specifications
355:
346:
343:
332:Ofir Gendelman
319:
316:
314:
311:
294:
291:
286:
283:
266:
263:
254:
251:
225:Hassan Rouhani
216:
213:
133:
132:
126:HESA Azarakhsh
119:
117:Developed from
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
59:
55:
54:
51:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1868:HESA aircraft
1866:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1672:Shabaviz 2061
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1332:CF-116 (CF-5)
1330:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1153:Model numbers
1151:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1001:
985:
979:
963:
959:
953:
938:
934:
927:
920:
909:
905:
899:
884:
880:
874:
860:
856:
849:
835:
831:
824:
808:
804:
798:
782:
778:
772:
756:
752:
746:
732:
728:
721:
706:on 2018-11-17
705:
701:
700:www.janes.com
697:
691:
675:
671:
665:
658:
653:
637:
631:
615:
611:
605:
589:
583:
567:
563:
557:
555:
550:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
533:Related lists
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
500:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:Combat range:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
442:
441:
439:
431:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
411:Gross weight:
409:
406:
405:Empty weight:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
372:
371:
369:
364:
363:
354:
352:
342:
340:
335:
333:
328:
324:
310:
308:
304:
300:
290:
282:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
212:
210:
206:
205:glass cockpit
200:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:, also spelt
168:
164:
155:
147:
139:
131:
127:
123:
120:
115:
114:
110:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
80:Introduction
79:
78:
75:
71:
69:First flight
68:
67:
63:
60:
58:Manufacturer
57:
56:
50:
46:
43:
40:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1662:Shabaviz 275
1553:
1358:
978:
966:. Retrieved
961:
952:
940:. Retrieved
937:www.cnbc.com
936:
926:
918:
911:. Retrieved
907:
898:
887:, retrieved
882:
873:
862:, retrieved
858:
848:
837:. Retrieved
833:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:Kurdistan 24
806:
797:
785:. Retrieved
780:
771:
759:. Retrieved
754:
745:
734:. Retrieved
730:
720:
708:. Retrieved
704:the original
699:
690:
678:. Retrieved
673:
664:
652:
640:. Retrieved
630:
618:. Retrieved
613:
604:
592:. Retrieved
582:
570:. Retrieved
565:
532:
531:
520:
519:
505:Northrop F-5
498:
497:
474:
468:
463:Ferry range:
462:
456:
450:
444:
437:
435:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
386:
380:
374:
367:
365:
361:
360:
348:
345:Commentators
336:
321:
296:
288:
268:
256:
248:
233:
218:
201:
186:Northrop F-5
174:
162:
160:
122:Northrop F-5
107:Number built
36:HESA Kowsar
1847:Sofreh Mahi
1812:H-110 Sarir
1602:Helicopters
1310:Chung Cheng
1094:F/A-18 line
968:17 February
942:17 February
781:iswnews.com
761:November 7,
710:11 December
515:HESA Saeqeh
488:HESA Shafaq
438:Performance
423:Powerplant:
244:Grifo radar
215:Development
182:fighter jet
163:HESA Kowsar
130:HESA Saeqeh
91:In service
1862:Categories
1832:Shahed 129
1657:Shahed 278
1652:Shahed 274
1624:Shahed 285
1619:Panha 2091
1511:Parastu-14
1424:In fiction
1290:production
913:January 3,
839:2019-02-08
736:2019-02-08
680:3 November
674:Al Jazeera
620:August 26,
545:References
399:Wing area:
240:Sidewinder
236:hardpoints
1732:Mohajer-6
1634:Zafar 300
1569:Qaher-313
1549:Azarakhsh
1354:Azarakhsh
813:26 August
642:24 August
572:22 August
387:Wingspan:
362:Data from
313:Reactions
275:Azarakhsh
1878:Twinjets
1837:Shaparak
1822:Kaman 22
1754:Sabokbal
1686:Seaplane
1592:Simourgh
1587:IrAn-140
1324:(Canada)
1321:Canadair
1302:(Taiwan)
1182:Northrop
1050:F-5 line
1042:Variants
1036:families
482:See also
430:turbojet
318:Official
285:Variants
273:and the
193:avionics
177:) is an
1842:Simorgh
1827:Saegheh
1817:Hamaseh
1744:Raad 85
1727:Mohajer
1694:Bavar 2
1644:Utility
1559:Saegheh
1521:Simorgh
1288:Foreign
889:29 July
864:29 July
787:10 July
614:Reuters
393:Height:
381:Length:
307:Esfahan
271:Saegheh
229:Isfahan
179:Iranian
167:Persian
88:Status
72:August
64:(HESA)
22:Kowsar
1802:Fotros
1769:Talash
1759:Saeghe
1722:Karrar
1717:Hodhod
1712:Ababil
1667:Sorena
1629:Toufan
1611:Attack
1564:Shafaq
1554:Kowsar
1526:Tazarv
1516:Shafaq
1429:F/A-18
1377:Topics
1364:Saeqeh
1359:Kowsar
1346:(Iran)
1117:EA-18G
1107:F/A-18
1034:F/A-18
731:Forbes
638:. 2018
594:26 Aug
451:Range:
323:Israel
265:Design
253:Export
1789:UCAVs
1779:Zohal
1774:Yasir
1764:Siraf
1739:Nazir
1531:Yasin
1501:Dorna
1258:N-321
1253:N-311
1248:N-307
1243:N-306
1238:N-305
1233:N-304
1228:N-303
1223:N-302
1218:N-301
1213:N-300
1208:N-267
1203:N-205
1191:N-156
859:Janes
375:Crew:
175:Kosar
41:Role
1807:Gaza
1749:Ra'd
1704:UAVs
1434:F-20
1343:HESA
1299:AIDC
1275:P630
1270:P600
1265:P530
1126:X-53
1102:F-17
1077:T-38
1070:F-20
1032:and
970:2019
944:2019
915:2021
891:2020
866:2020
815:2018
789:2020
763:2018
712:2018
682:2018
644:2018
622:2018
596:2018
574:2018
425:2 ×
351:IISS
171:کوثر
161:The
74:2018
1506:F.3
1171:267
1112:E/F
1058:F-5
1030:F-5
427:Owj
279:F-5
1864::
1797:A1
960:.
935:.
917:.
906:.
881:,
857:,
832:.
805:.
779:.
753:.
729:.
698:.
672:.
612:.
564:.
553:^
281:.
231:.
207:,
199:.
169::
111:4
47:,
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1196:T
1063:G
1022:e
1015:t
1008:v
986:.
972:.
946:.
842:.
817:.
791:.
765:.
739:.
714:.
684:.
646:.
624:.
598:.
576:.
377:2
165:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
