230:
42:
308:
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well as weapon and drop tank trials. The activities left for obtaining Final
Operational Clearance (FOC) are the refinement of stall characteristics, and spin testing which will be commenced as soon as stall characteristics were refined. All efforts were being made to achieve FOC by December 2014. Production of aircraft was to commence immediately thereafter. However the stall cannot be tested until HAL redesigns the entire aircraft to correct its "inherent asymmetry".
454:
626:
612:
394:
On 19 February 2014, the Indian MOD submitted a statement that the development of IJT was in the advanced stages of certification, with more than 800 test flights completed so far. The activities were progressing well with completion of sea level trials, night flying trials, high altitude trials as
248:
awarded HAL a contract for the development, testing, and certification of two prototype IJT aircraft. HJT-36 uses light alloys and composites, with a conventional low wing design with 18° leading-edge sweepback and a 9.8m wingspan. It features a hydraulically retractable tricycle-type landing gear.
213:
is a conventional jet trainer with low swept wings, tandem cockpit and small air intakes for the engine on either side of its fuselage. It entered limited series production by 2010 but according to the Indian Air Force officials it remained "unfit" for service due to technological issues related to
401:
was consulted on certain design changes, specifically the tail. Afterwards the design was put to mathematical and wind tunnel tests. The modified aircraft was expected to complete the spin tests by
September 2015, and the production of 85 aircraft for the Indian Air Force to
256:
In the cockpit, the HJT-36 has a conventional tandem two-seat configuration with the trainee pilot forward and the instructor in the raised seat to the rear. The single-piece canopy gives both pilots good, all-round vision. The prototype aircraft used
283:
The aircraft has five external hardpoints for weapons training. There is one center-line hardpoint under the fuselage and two-weapon pylons under each wing for carrying rockets, gun pods, and bombs. The maximum external payload is 1,000 kg.
335:
Further delays were caused by delays in delivery of the NPO Saturn engine by 2 years, as well as due to two accidents in
February 2007 and in February 2009 involving each of the prototypes, which grounded the aircraft for repairs and
1066:
416:
reported that due to the HJT-36's "unsolvable" issues associated with critical stall and spin characteristics the aircraft is not ready to serve as an intermediate jet trainer for Indian Air Force pilots.
324:
The first and second prototypes of the HJT-36, labeled PT-1 and PT-2, flew on 7 March 2003 and in March 2004, respectively. The program was then delayed with the Air Force assessing the
775:
1036:
1281:
249:
The single-wheeled main units retract inward and the twin nose wheel unit retracts forward. About a quarter of the aircraft's line replaceable units are common between it and the
357:
placed an order for 73 aircraft. After over 280 test flights, the aircraft entered limited series production in 2009 for the first 12 aircraft to be delivered to the Air Force.
1228:
1167:
714:
343:
on 28 December 2008, 2 years later than committed, and was installed on PT-1. Following ground taxiing trials, flight tests with the new engine started on 9 May 2009.
945:
732:
1300:
806:
272:
The trainer has a full glass cockpit with a layout similar to current generation combat aircraft. It uses an integrated digital avionics system from
899:
927:
1909:
1358:
240:
HAL started design work on an intermediate jet trainer in 1997. The concept was developed as a successor to HAL's earlier trainer, the HJT-16
1397:
783:
328:
engine, with 14.1 kN of thrust, as under-powered. In response, in August 2005, HAL reached a deal to replace the SNECMA engine with the
1044:
1407:
1003:
832:
1134:
1402:
444:
On 6 January, the IJT has successfully demonstrated the capability to carry out six turn spins to both the left and right hand sides.
1247:
1201:
1439:
1084:
1924:
1914:
269:
Mk.16 IN16S seats, due to a price escalation of the former. The pilots have both conventional and manual flight controls.
1675:
434:
further down which is expected to make spin recovery easier. The modified aircraft flew for the first time in April 2019.
757:
1342:
1102:
1186:
288:
332:
AL-55I with 16.9 kN of thrust. The deal also provided for license-production of the engine in India by HAL.
361:
299:
engine with about 16.9 kN of thrust, as stipulated by the 2005 air staff requirements from the Air Force.
1448:
1372:
312:
188:
80:
1333:
Jackson, Paul; Peacock, Lindsay; Bushell, Susan; Willis, David; Winchester, Jim, eds. (2016–2017). "India".
1647:
1825:
1820:
413:
234:
1919:
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505:
17:
221:
flew for the first time in three years with a modified air frame to correct its spin characteristics.
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535:
325:
262:
1846:
1703:
1470:
1417:
1013:
599:
1 × under-fuselage and 4 × under-wing pylons with a capacity of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb)
75:
1904:
1425:
1412:
978:
853:
874:
1398:
HAL Intermediate Jet
Trainer HJT-36 by Wg.Cdr Kukke Suresh VrC(Retd.) @ Bharat-rakshak.com
8:
427:
364:
was expected by July 2011. The Air Force order was expected to grow to over 200 aircraft.
273:
245:
214:
spin test (as of March 2017)., an issue which was only solved in tests in
January 2022.
1352:
1148:
229:
41:
1867:
1562:
1490:
1403:
Bharat-Rakshak
Monitor: Sitara - Intermediate Jet Trainer - HJT-36 by H. Niranjan Rao
1338:
1308:
1255:
1128:
953:
296:
295:
developing 14.12 kN of thrust. All production models will use the more powerful
913:
360:
The first flight test for the limited series aircraft occurred in
January 2010, and
1872:
1717:
1698:
1567:
1495:
1088:
659:
354:
192:
184:
106:
1037:"India Thought Leaders: HAL Chairman Sets Firm Agenda For Aggressive Export Sales"
187:
designed and developed by
Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC) and built by
1748:
1743:
1604:
1485:
681:
671:
631:
1109:
1799:
1789:
1004:"HAL's intermediate jet trainer HJT-36 makes maiden flight with Russian engine"
538:
non-afterburning turbofan, 14.12 kN (3,175 lbf) thrust (Prototypes)
244:, introduced in 1968. In 1999, following reviews by the Indian Air Force, the
1898:
1763:
1620:
1312:
1259:
957:
277:
1804:
1642:
776:"India's HJT-36 Sitara remains 'unfit' for use as intermediate jet trainer"
691:
686:
617:
266:
200:
150:
733:"With expected 83 Tejas MK1A orders, ARDC shapes India's upgraded fighter"
384:
In
December 2013, HAL declared that Sitara was 'weeks' from certification.
374:
On 27 July 2012, first Engine Ground Run was performed on third prototype.
307:
1862:
1841:
1546:
1541:
1510:
1480:
676:
398:
196:
110:
1301:"Intermediate Jet Trainer has cleared a major milestone, says HAL chief"
807:"Intermediate Jet Trainer has cleared a major milestone, says HAL chief"
1536:
1520:
1515:
1475:
900:"HJT-36 Flight Test Resumption Renews Hope for AL-55 Engine | AIN"
329:
258:
160:
1282:"HAL's Intermediate Jet Trainer flies again after extensive re-design"
1681:
1659:
1637:
1615:
1609:
1593:
1008:
654:
649:
431:
250:
176:
453:
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With Birhle as a consultant, the air frame was modified to move the
1598:
1577:
1505:
292:
1413:
ACIG Exclusive: 15 Photos of two HJT-36 prototypes and its cockpit
1335:
IHS Jane's All the World's
Aircraft: Development & Production
758:"Why India's new jet trainer is in a spin | Times Aerospace"
644:
1447:
1332:
1141:
1229:"Spin trials to revive intermediate jet trainer programme soon"
1168:"In Tejas' shadow, Sitara trainer also poised to enter service"
340:
68:
715:"Spin test in July may revive intermediate jet trainer plan"
946:"Russian engines coming today for intermediate jet trainer"
180:
1067:"Indigenous jet trainer to get initial clearance by July"
833:"PICTURES: HAL HJT-36 IJT flies after three year hiatus"
1202:"Flameout: Why the IAF won't accept HAL's jet trainer"
448:
353:
After further development and extensive testing, the
607:
666:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
206:as the Stage-2 trainer for the two forces.
46:
Side shot of the HJT-36 at Yelahanka Air Force Base
287:The prototype aircraft was initially powered by a
1408:Photos of the two prototypes @ Bharat-rakshak.com
769:
767:
1896:
934:. 9 February 2007 – via www.thehindu.com.
920:
764:
276:. Head-up display and repeater is produced by
1433:
1012:. Chennai, India. 14 May 2009. Archived from
928:"Jet trainer overshoots runway at aero show"
854:"HAL HJT-36 Sitara - program supplier guide"
1200:Simha, Rakesh Krishnan (24 February 2014).
1028:
224:
1440:
1426:
1357:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
848:
846:
583:308.6 kg/m (63.21 lb/sq ft)
339:The first AL-55I engine was received from
1326:
1187:"HJT-36 Target FOC By Dec 2014, Says MoD"
996:
914:"HAL HJT-36 | Aviation Week Network"
565:1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
553:750 km/h (466 mph, 405 kn)
1034:
875:"HJT-36 Sitara Intermediate Jet Trainer"
869:
867:
306:
228:
843:
830:
14:
1910:2000s Indian military trainer aircraft
1897:
1279:
1165:
1133:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
971:
265:. However, these may be replaced with
1421:
1226:
1199:
1184:
864:
712:
1298:
1246:D.S, Madhumathi (9 September 2015).
804:
495:4.4 m (14 ft 5.25 in)
1449:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
1245:
501:17.5 m (188.4 sq ft)
489:10 m (32 ft 9.75 in)
449:Specifications (HJT-36, prototypes)
90:Aircraft Research and Design Centre
24:
452:
199:. The HJT-36 will replace the HAL
183:") is a subsonic intermediate jet
25:
1936:
1391:
1166:Shukla, Ajai (20 December 2013).
1035:Krishnan, Anantha (28 May 2010).
1299:Peri, Dinakar (7 January 2022).
1185:Aroor, Shiv (19 February 2014).
805:Peri, Dinakar (7 January 2022).
773:
624:
610:
483:11 m (36 ft 1 in)
40:
1365:
1292:
1273:
1239:
1220:
1193:
1178:
1159:
1095:
1077:
1059:
938:
906:
831:Waldron, Greg (18 April 2019).
713:Pubby, Manu (9 February 2020).
463:Jane's All the World's Aircraft
311:Prototype IJT in its hangar at
289:SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac 04-H-20
1280:Shukla, Ajai (19 April 2019).
1174:– via Business Standard.
892:
824:
798:
750:
725:
706:
522:5,400 kg (11,905 lb)
362:initial operational capability
302:
13:
1:
1248:"IAF's IJT set for spin test"
699:
571:9,000 m (29,520 ft)
528:917 kilograms (2,022 lb)
516:4,250 kg (9,370 lb)
313:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
189:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
81:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
1925:Aircraft first flown in 2003
1227:Pubby, Manu (14 July 2018).
7:
1915:Single-engined jet aircraft
603:
235:Yelahanka Air Force Station
233:S3466 HAL HJT-36 Sitara at
10:
1941:
1149:"Press Information Bureau"
1887:(*) are under development
1885:
1855:
1834:
1813:
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1775:
1758:
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1729:
1712:
1691:
1668:
1630:
1586:
1555:
1529:
1464:Manufacturer designations
1463:
1456:
1337:. Couldson. p. 304.
156:
146:
138:
130:
125:
117:
102:
98:Limited series production
94:
86:
74:
64:
56:
51:
39:
31:
1085:"Vayu aerospace article"
318:
263:zero-zero ejection seats
225:Design & development
1172:Business Standard India
468:General characteristics
438:
420:
406:
388:
378:
368:
347:
326:SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac
457:
315:
237:
782:. IHS. Archived from
456:
310:
232:
952:. 28 December 2008.
536:SNECMA Larzac 04-H20
60:Intermediate trainer
1208:. Российская газета
1073:. 10 February 2011.
879:Airforce Technology
639:Related development
520:Max takeoff weight:
274:GE Aviation Systems
261:K-26LT lightweight
246:Government of India
52:General information
1233:The Economic Times
1115:on 16 January 2013
1071:The Times of India
1047:on 23 January 2018
458:
316:
238:
1920:Low-wing aircraft
1892:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1771:
1770:
1730:Jointly developed
1725:
1724:
1286:Business Standard
858:www.airframer.com
297:NPO Saturn AL-55I
291:non-afterburning
253:trainer variant.
166:
165:
131:Introduction date
16:(Redirected from
1932:
1783:Fighter aircraft
1780:
1779:
1737:Fighter aircraft
1734:
1733:
1587:Fighter aircraft
1461:
1460:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1418:
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1384:
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1163:
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1138:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1108:. Archived from
1107:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1091:on 26 July 2011.
1087:. Archived from
1081:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:. Archived from
1041:aviationweek.com
1032:
1026:
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989:
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837:Flightglobal.com
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771:
762:
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754:
748:
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745:
743:
729:
723:
722:
710:
660:HAL HJT 39 / CAT
634:
629:
628:
627:
620:
615:
614:
613:
591:
569:Service ceiling:
546:
470:
355:Indian Air Force
193:Indian Air Force
185:trainer aircraft
107:Indian Air Force
44:
29:
28:
21:
1940:
1939:
1935:
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1931:
1930:
1929:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1877:
1851:
1830:
1809:
1767:
1754:
1749:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA
1721:
1708:
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1664:
1626:
1582:
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1209:
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1194:
1183:
1179:
1164:
1160:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1103:"Archived copy"
1101:
1100:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1029:
1019:
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1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
977:
976:
972:
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944:
943:
939:
926:
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921:
912:
911:
907:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
873:
872:
865:
852:
851:
844:
829:
825:
815:
813:
803:
799:
789:
787:
786:on 22 July 2017
772:
765:
756:
755:
751:
741:
739:
731:
730:
726:
711:
707:
702:
682:FMA IA-63 Pampa
672:Aermacchi M-345
632:Aviation portal
630:
625:
623:
616:
611:
609:
606:
592:
587:
542:
466:
451:
441:
423:
412:In March 2017,
409:
391:
381:
371:
350:
336:investigations.
321:
305:
227:
217:In April 2019,
113:
65:National origin
47:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1938:
1928:
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1922:
1917:
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1565:
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1557:
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1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1530:Light aircraft
1527:
1526:
1524:
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1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
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1393:
1392:External links
1390:
1387:
1386:
1364:
1344:978-0710631770
1343:
1325:
1291:
1272:
1238:
1219:
1192:
1177:
1158:
1140:
1094:
1076:
1058:
1027:
1016:on 16 May 2009
995:
970:
937:
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905:
891:
863:
842:
823:
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763:
749:
724:
719:Economic Times
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557:Maximum speed:
554:
551:Maximum speed:
540:
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526:Fuel capacity:
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191:(HAL) for the
164:
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157:Developed into
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147:Developed from
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134:2026 (Planned)
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1776:Under license
1774:
1765:
1764:IAI-HAL NRUAV
1761:
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1905:HAL aircraft
1835:Transporters
1718:CATS Warrior
1669:Transporters
1572:
1500:
1377:. Retrieved
1367:
1334:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1304:
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1119:26 September
1117:. Retrieved
1110:the original
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1089:the original
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1045:the original
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784:the original
779:
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736:
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692:KB SAT SR-10
687:Kawasaki T-4
665:
664:
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618:India portal
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506:Aspect ratio
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267:Martin-Baker
255:
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171:
169:
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151:HJT-16 Kiran
142:7 March 2003
139:First flight
118:Number built
76:Manufacturer
33:
26:
1842:Dornier 228
1814:Helicopters
1631:Helicopters
1212:23 February
677:Hongdu JL-8
645:HAL HLFT-42
597:Hardpoints:
544:Performance
532:Powerplant:
399:BAE Systems
303:Development
197:Indian Navy
170:HAL HJT-36
111:Indian Navy
1899:Categories
1457:Indigenous
1153:pib.nic.in
1051:23 January
816:20 October
780:Jane's 360
737:OnManorama
700:References
499:Wing area:
330:NPO Saturn
161:HAL HJT 39
18:HAL HJT-36
1621:Tejas Mk2
1373:"HAL IJT"
1353:cite book
1318:7 January
1313:0971-751X
1305:The Hindu
1265:7 January
1260:0971-751X
1252:The Hindu
1206:indrus.in
1009:The Hindu
988:7 January
963:7 January
958:0971-751X
950:The Hindu
932:The Hindu
884:7 January
811:The Hindu
650:HAL Tejas
577:+7.0/–2.5
575:g limits:
559:Mach 0.75
487:Wingspan:
461:Data from
432:tailplane
251:HAL Tejas
1868:Prentice
1856:Trainers
1744:Su-30MKI
1643:Prachand
1556:Trainers
1451:aircraft
1129:cite web
742:7 August
604:See also
589:Armament
293:turbofan
195:and the
87:Designer
1821:Cheetah
1692:Gliders
1547:Pushpak
1542:Krishak
1481:HAOP-27
1020:12 July
790:27 July
493:Height:
481:Length:
428:tailfin
201:HJT-16
126:History
32:HJT-36
1847:HS 748
1826:Chetak
1800:MiG-27
1795:MiG-21
1790:Jaguar
1699:Ardhra
1573:Sitara
1563:Deepak
1537:Basant
1521:HJT 39
1516:HTT-40
1511:HUL-26
1501:HJT-36
1496:HJT-16
1491:HPT-32
1341:
1311:
1258:
983:Deagel
956:
655:HJT-16
563:Range:
414:Jane's
402:begin.
341:Russia
259:Zvezda
219:Sitara
211:Sitara
177:Sitārā
172:Sitara
95:Status
34:Sitara
1863:PC-5A
1682:Saras
1660:Rudra
1638:Dhruv
1616:Tejas
1610:TEDBF
1605:Marut
1594:Ajeet
1568:Kiran
1486:HF-24
1476:HA-31
1379:2 May
1375:. HAL
1113:(PDF)
1106:(PDF)
979:"IJT"
475:Crew:
319:2000s
242:Kiran
203:Kiran
69:India
1873:Hawk
1805:Gnat
1759:UAVs
1713:UAVs
1599:AMCA
1578:HT-2
1506:HT-2
1381:2020
1359:link
1339:ISBN
1320:2022
1309:ISSN
1267:2022
1256:ISSN
1214:2014
1135:link
1121:2012
1053:2018
1022:2010
990:2022
965:2022
954:ISSN
886:2022
818:2022
792:2017
744:2020
534:1 ×
439:2022
430:and
421:2019
407:2017
389:2014
379:2013
369:2012
348:2010
209:The
181:Star
168:The
57:Type
1704:G-1
1676:RTA
1654:MLH
1648:LUH
1471:G-1
510:5.5
179:: "
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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