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consisted of: his wife, Charlotte Sophia, his adult son, both of his adult daughters and one servant. This arrangement may have been out of financial necessity as much as family affection - artist and lithographers were paid very little. As related by
Jackson (p. 48), one practitioner, GJ Keulmans, wrote of his remuneration: "it has just saved me from starvation and nothing else".
178:
difficult to achieve, but tonal qualities are easily suggested and it is possible for a drawing to be made directly onto the stone. The result is a more spontaneous impression, with the broad, fluid lines of a crayon and tonal planes producing a much softer or subtler result than that produced by the black and white linear imprint of engravings. - University of
Tasmania.
131:, Middlesex, England. He was their first child. His birth was followed by that of his sister Antonia Charlotte (1823-1896) and his brother Charles (b.1827). A half-sister - Henrietta Sophia (1814-1896) had already been born to Henry James Richter's first wife, Elizabeth Smith (1787-1816), whom he had married on 9 July 1808, and lost after eight years' marriage.
236:
years, until Gould died in 1881. Richter created about 3,000 lithographic plates and watercolours for Gould. Other illustrators employed by Gould included Edward Lear, William
Matthew Hart and Joseph Wolf, although it was Richter who produced the vast majority of the works during Gould's lifetime.
182:
John Gould was an experienced taxidermist, using his skill to preserve the skins of birds from his various worldwide expeditions. These skins were used by his artists to guide their illustrations, together with initial sketches made by Gould to indicate his requirements for the exact appearance of
73:
Richter's reputation was overshadowed by that of his much-celebrated employer. Since it was not customary to acknowledge illustrators alongside authors in the titles of publications, his name was forgotten. But in 1978, his great ability and the extent of his contribution to Gould's work came to
235:
In 1841 Richter was contacted by the zoologist John Gould, who urgently needed an illustrator, after the death of his wife
Elizabeth Coxen (1804-1841), because he had committed to producing various parts of his lavish books on certain dates. The Gould-Richter working relationship lasted for forty
309:
Lacking a regular income after the death of Gould, Richter became dependent upon his sister, Antonia
Charlotte, who had married a wealthy Nottinghamshire farmer with property in Ranby, Henry Francis Noble Champion. Antonia Champion had become a widow in 1854, one year after her marriage, and she
325:
Nothing is known of the life of
Richter's younger brother, Charles Richter, beyond a mention in the English Census of 1841, when he was 14 years of age and living with his parents. In 1896, Richter had lost not only his sister, Antonia Charlotte Champion (in January), but also his half-sister,
177:
Lithography is essentially a chemical process. A drawing is made with a greasy crayon on limestone, then gum arabic and nitrate acid is rubbed into the material, changing its molecular structure so that when ink is applied it adheres to the crayon marks, but not the stone. Fine details are more
153:
The
English census returns indicate that the Richters were a close-knit family. For example, in 1851, the 30 year-old Richter was still living with his parents. Henry James Richter did not own a house, but always lived in rented accommodation. In that year, when he was aged 79, his household
321:
When
Antonia Champion died in 1896, the house passed to Richter, and he stayed there until his death. The probate administration record states that he died 16 March 1902, and that administration occurred 17 April 1902. His estate was valued at just under 840 pounds.
317:
After John Gould's death
Antonia Champion took in her brother and their half-sister Henrietta Sophia Richter. Since Henry James Richter's death in 1857 they had been living in pauper's lodgings in the Lisson Grove area, with their mother whilst she was alive.
285:
or any other article that he may prefer". He seems to have been unconcerned about the impecunious state of his 60-year-old artist, although
Richter had contributed so materially to his own prosperity for over four decades.
134:
Henry James Richter became a well-respected and popular artist - he was a member, and president (1811-1812), of the Associated Artists in Water Colours, exhibiting frequently. He was also elected to membership of the
269:
used the image on the label for one of their brands of beer, in 1987. Previously, the Tasmanian Government had published a monochromatic reproduction of the same image, in 1934 and, earlier still, the author
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93:(2) Where no citation is given in this section for the dates of birth, death, marriage and residence of the Richter family, the information can be accessed online from indexes of English registers in the
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744:
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Unlike paintings, lithographs in Richter's time tended not to be dated by the artist, so it is normal to use the publication date of the book in which the lithograph was printed.
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Artistic talent also flourished elsewhere in Richter's family: his half-sister, Henrietta Sophia, became a successful miniature portrait artist, and exhibited at the prestigious
832:
162:
Richter's work with his coloured lithographs was breaking new ground at the time. The technique was labour-intensive and demanded great skill and attention to minute detail.
88:(1) Henry Constantine Richter will be referred to as 'Richter' throughout this article, whereas full-length names will be used for each of his relatives, to reduce confusion.
326:
Henrietta Sophia Richter (in October), and since none of them had children, the Richter family line appears to have ended with the passing of Henry Constantine Richter.
1073:
The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera
704:
646:
726:
686:
607:, 1845–1863, though it is not clear whether this was intentional or not. Certainly his contribution of illustrations for the book was significant.
165:
The University of Tasmanian explains the process that artists use to produce a lithograph from an image, such as a sketch, a drawing or a painting:
124:, Middlesex, England to Mary Haigh, the wife of John Augustus Richter, an immigrant from Dresden, Germany - himself an artist and engraver.
1040:
Census Returns of England and Wales, 1851. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1851.
281:
In his will, John Gould wrote "I bequeath to my Artist H C Richter a legacy of ÂŁ100 as a kind remembrance for the purchase of a
1172:
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297:(1878—1879 ). Work already completed by him was used in Gould's books that were published posthumously, such as
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was opened to the public in 1847 and was a further source of models of birds and animals for Richter's drawings.
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Many of the original drawings used by Richter as the basis for his coloured lithographs were by Gould's wife,
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of birds and mammals, mainly for the scientific books of the renowned English 19th century ornithologist
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Richter's mother, Charlotte Sophia Edson (1793-1862), had married his father on 2 May 1818 in
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Jackson (pp. 13–14) lists the 1,600+ hand-coloured plates drawn by Richter as follows:
1152:
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area of London. She continued to live there alone with a servant, and did not marry again.
271:
261:
207:, the head and claws of two other owls, and a member of the pheasant and partridge family,
8:
117:
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St. Marylebone Parish Church, London, England, completed 1817. Architect, Thomas Hardwick
200:
265:(1845–63) - frequently copied since publication. For example, an Australian company
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21 plates, JG & HCR, 2nd ed, 1852-1854, 52 plates JG & HCR del. & lith.
113:
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266:
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10 plates from other Gould titles, including 3 plates JG & HCR del. * lith.
140:
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Richter's earliest published bird illustrations were three plates in the book
1141:
1054:
University of Tasmania, 2007, 'Imaging the thylacine: the exotic thylacine',
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https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/show/gould/art/henry_constantine_richter
946:
Cook, KS 2013, 'Gould collections at KU: the story of the Gould Collection',
387:, 1851-1869, 81 plates, HCR after 1841 (when Mrs Gould died) del. & lith.
282:
966:
Jackson, CE 2011, 'The painting of hand-coloured zoological illustrations',
550:, 1850-1883, 7 vols. Approx. 500 plates JG & HCR and J. Wolf & HCR.
311:
214:. His illustrations attracted the favourable attention of ornithologists.
231:, vol.I, J.Gould & H.C. Richter. The thylacine became extinct in 1936
989:
930:
https://australianmuseum.net.au/henry-constantine-richter-about-1821-1902
56:
52:
1005:, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas, accessed 5 Dec 2017,
893:, Vol. 1, 1873, J Gould, with illustrations by Richter, Hart & Wolf
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Amongst his best known illustrations are those of the male and female
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After Gould's death Richter gained a small amount of work for Gray's
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120:(1772-1857), was a philosopher, painter and engraver who was born in
301:, but new plates for the books were commissioned from William Hart.
1027:
Jackson, C 1978, 'H. C. Richter–John Gould's unknown bird artist',
952:
https://exhibits.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/show/gould/about/kucollections
901:, Vol. 1, 1863, J Gould (with illustrations by Richter and others)
172:
Lithographic stones, Museum of the Printing Arts, Leipzig, Germany
1060:
http://www.utas.edu.au/library/exhibitions/thylacine/exotic.html
512:
A monograph of the Ramphastidae or family of toucans: Supplement
557:, 1862-1873, 5 vols, 367 plates. Artists JG, HCR & J. Wolf.
116:
in England on 7 Jun 1821, into an artistic family. His father,
1029:
Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History
121:
98:
74:
light, in the work of the researcher Christine E. Jackson.
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Richter family tree in Ancestry.com (membership required)
885:, 1848, J Gould, with illustrations by Richter and others
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A Monograph of the Trochilidæ, or Family of Hummingbirds
494:
Monograph of the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds
392:
Monograph of the Odontophorinae or partridges of America
51:(7 June 1821 – 16 March 1902) was an English zoological
928:, Australian Museum, Sydney NSW, accessed 02 Dec 2017,
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1086:
John Gould the bird man: a chronology and bibliography
539:
47 plates, JG & W. Hart & HCR del. & lith.
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1849, iii: 379-380 Gould J. On a new species of Genus
55:
who produced a very large number of skillful coloured
562:
Memoirs on the extinct wingless birds of New Zealand
295:
Memoirs on the extinct wingless birds of New Zealand
584:
A monograph of the Pittidae, edited by R. B. Sharpe
1098:Stephens, Matthew; Robyn Williams (13 June 2004).
948:John Gould: Bird Illustration in the Age of Darwin
530:A monograph of the Trogonidae or family of trogons
394:, 1844-50, 32 plates JG & HCR del. & lith.
293:, and he prepared a plate for Sir Richard Owen's
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988:, Oxford University Press, accessed 3 Dec 2017,
469:Transactions of the Zoological Society of London
310:inherited her husband's London residence in the
398:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
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950:, University of Kansas, accessed 3 Dec 2017,
503:5 vols, 360 plates, JG & HCR del. et lith.
1088:, Landsdowne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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1131:, Hobart, Government Printer, Tasmania, 1934
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137:Society of Painters in Oil and Water Colours
926:Henry Constantine Richter (about 1821-1902)
1100:"John Gould's place in Australian culture"
1031:, Volume 9, Issue 1, 11 1978, pages 10-14.
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203:. The plates depicted the Indian Barn Owl
1058:, Hobart, Tasmania, accessed 3 Dec 2017,
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139:. Several of his works are owned by the
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986:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
611:A selection of illustrations by Richter
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990:https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/23599
984:Cust, LH 2012,'Richter, Henry James',
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1127:Government Tourist Bureau, Tasmania,
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357:In Vol I plate 15, Head and claws of
70:, produced before her death in 1841.
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571:1 large folded plate depicting
383:, 1840-1848, 600 plates, &
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781:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
679:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
575:, JG & HCR del & lith.
420:Trochilus (Heliangelus) mavors
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40:, date between 1850 and 1883,
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1173:19th-century British painters
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869:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
847:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
825:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
759:, J Gould & H. C. Richter
737:, J. Gould & H.C. Richter
697:, J Gould & H.C. Richter
657:, J. Gould & H.C. Richter
251:, J. Gould & H.C. Richter
639:, J Gould & H.C. Richter
158:The technique of lithography
44:, J. Gould and H. C. Richter
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968:Archives of Natural History
803:, Gould & H. C. Richter
719:, J Gould and H. C. Richter
249:The Birds of Asia. Volume 2
42:The Birds of Asia, Volume 2
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733:Himalayan Shrike-babbler,
555:The birds of Great Britain
482:. Plate accompanying text
409:Trochilus (Helianthea) eos
276:Tasmanian Friends and Foes
1003:Henry Constantine Richter
675:, between 1850 and 1883,
427:Cinclosoma castaneothorax
247:, between 1850 and 1883,
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183:the finished images. The
49:Henry Constantine Richter
1129:Tasmania: The Wonderland
899:The Mammals of Australia
797:Ornithorhynchus anatinus
99:https://www.ancestry.com
1178:Australian bird artists
717:Birds of Asia, Volume V
677:Birds of Asia, Volume 2
653:Lord Derby's Parakeet,
370:Francolinus clappertoni
224:Thylacinus cynocephalus
891:Birds of Great Britain
819:Phascolarctus cinereus
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212:Pternistis clappertoni
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150:in London, 1842–1849.
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1168:British lithographers
1001:Kansas Library n.d.,
795:Duckbilled Platypus,
753:Petaurus norfolcensis
693:Mrs Gould's Sunbird,
603:Jackson's list omits
339:Gray, George Robert,
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209:Clapperton's spurfowl
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148:Royal Academy of Arts
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605:Mammals of Australia
350:In Vol I plate XV,
343:, 1844-1849, 3 vols.
272:Louisa Anne Meredith
262:Mammals of Australia
229:Mammals of Australia
227:, 1841, Plate 54 of
112:Richter was born in
970:, 38, 1, pp. 36-52.
863:Dasyurus hallucatus
655:Psittacula derbiana
631:Giant Hummingbird,
532:2nd ed., 1858-1875.
471:Plate drawn by HCR.
457:1850 (opp. P. 212)
274:also copied it for
243:Yellow-bellied Tit
118:Henry James Richter
1075:, Longman, London.
924:Stephens, M 2009,
883:Birds of Australia
735:Pteruthius ripleyi
695:Aethopyga gouldiae
446:Ptiloris Victoriae
381:Birds of Australia
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985:
967:
947:
925:
920:
898:
890:
882:
866:
862:
844:
840:
822:
818:
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796:
778:
774:
756:
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734:
716:
712:
694:
676:
672:
654:
636:
632:
617:
614:
604:
600:
599:
583:
572:
564:, 1878-1879.
561:
554:
547:
529:
511:
496:, 1849-1861.
493:
483:
479:
468:
458:
445:
426:
419:
408:
397:
391:
390:Gould, Joh,
384:
380:
369:
362:
358:
351:
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333:
324:
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316:
312:Lisson Grove
308:
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95:Ancestry.com
94:
82:
81:
72:
65:
48:
47:
41:
37:
29:
1153:1902 deaths
1148:1821 births
1056:Exhibitions
368:In Vol III
305:Final years
78:Early years
57:lithographs
53:illustrator
1142:Categories
912:References
385:Supplement
185:London Zoo
129:Marylebone
61:John Gould
257:thylacine
1113:28 April
777:, 1863,
635:, 1887,
372:HCR del.
365:HCR del.
354:HCR del.
278:(1881).
817:Koala,
586:, 1880.
514:, 1855.
480:Apteryx
425:Pl.IV
418:Pl.II
411:Gould
361:&
191:Career
601:Note:
448:Gould
429:Gould
422:Gould
83:Note:
1115:2009
461:Owen
283:ring
122:Soho
1144::
1106:.
1102:.
1045:^
1014:^
975:^
959:^
937:^
715:,
143:.
63:.
1117:.
1062:.
1009:.
992:.
954:.
932:.
20:)
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