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third stage of development of the Gzhel craft began. The use of cobalt paints on white clay was established. Master A. B. Saltykov created a special Atlas of brushstrokes to unify the style of products. The artist N. I. Bessarabova, who developed a new blue-and-white style of Gzhel products, was invited to the enterprise. In the 1930s and 1940s, there was nearly half of all porcelain and faience enterprises of Russia in Gzhel.
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blacksmith's shop: many famous masters and creators of their own porcelain and faience factories started as simple workers in Gzhel. Since the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories have fallen into disrepair. This was partly due to the volume of goods imported from abroad, and partly due to the modernization of production, which was not always kept up by manufacturers from Gzhel.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, ceramic production was concentrated in the hands of the
Kuznetsov dynasty, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized. Gzhel began the restoration of its craft in the middle of the 20th century. In 1945–1949, the
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The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine earthenware and porcelain, the owners of production facilities constantly improved the composition of the white mass. Gzhel became a
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in the 14th century. Gzhel pottery was originally created by potters in their homes; however, fairly early on these potters started to organize into workshops to increase production. The workshops eventually became factories with pieces formed in
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varies depending on the raw materials used, and can range in color from white to brown. It is generally fired at lower temperatures than either stoneware or porcelain, and can remain semi-permeable to water until glazed.
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The village of Gzhel has long been famous for its clays. Extensive mining of various types of clay carried out here from the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexey
Mikhailovich (
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production at Gzhel, quality pottery is once again being produced in both the recognizable blue on white design as well as the more colorful
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and coloured glaze designs in blue, green, yellow, and brown, rather than just blue on a white background, in a style that is referred to as
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it becomes a translucent white and as such is highly desirable. The making of porcelain had been a secret heavily guarded by
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and potters being responsible for separate pieces, a specific style, or decoration. The earliest pieces were created of
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Dulkina, T.I. and N.S. Grigorevna, Gzhel: keramika 18-19 vekov. Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1982.
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at the time. They followed the development of faience with the acquisition of porcelain.
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Saltykov, A. B., Russkaia narodnaia keramika. Moskva, Sovetskii khudozhnik, 1960.
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Ovsyannikov, I. Russian Folk Arts and Crafts. Progress
Publishers, Moscow, 1969.
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and surrounding area, where it has been produced since 1802.
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is fired to a similar temperature as stoneware, but unlike
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136:(Russian: Гжель, IPA: ) is a Russian style of
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337:History of Gzhel and Gzhel Porcelain Factory
221:In the 1830s, the Gzhel potters developed a
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285:. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05
177:was also produced using a tin based white
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
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160:. The name Gzhel became associated with
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185:. The body colour of
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194:Historical overview
790:1802 introductions
780:Russian inventions
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64: –
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58:Find sources:
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36:This article
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287:. Retrieved
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103:August 2018
769:Categories
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503:Budenovka
457:Tableware
410:Khokhloma
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