319:(41 kW) at 200V and 200A. Gustave Zédé asked Krebs to connect the motor directly to the propeller at 200 rpm. It is the reason why the rotor was 1 metre in diameter and weighed 2 tonnes. The motor was constructed and tested at the Societe des Forges et Chantiers at Le Havre. It was fitted with two sets of brushes, one for forward and one reverse motion. Once installed it was found that the rear bearing was inaccessible and could not be repaired with the motor installed. It was difficult to inspect the armature or repair damage to the insulation. The motor was not designed to come to an immediate halt when power was disconnected, but instead would freewheel to a halt relatively slowly. Reverse power could not be applied until it had stopped moving, so it was not possible to immediately reverse the propeller in case of emergency. The motor proved so problematic that it was replaced with a smaller but more powerful Sautter-Harlé motor.
332:
and 8 knots, 3 banks in series in parallel with the other 3 in series giving 114 V and 7 knots, 2 banks in series paralleled 3 times giving 84 V and 5.5 knots, all 6 banks in parallel giving 45 V and 6 knots. A bank was capable of delivering a maximum of 166 amps. The whole array weighed eleven tons. A new battery was installed in 1891 using a
Laurent-Cely sulphuric acid design having 205 individual 30 kg assemblies of five plates each. Again these were arranged into six banks, now each having 17 parallel pairs of batteries connected in series. At 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) range was 32 miles (51 km), at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph), 100 miles (160 km). Another battery was installed in 1897.
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307:
electrical pumps. Continuous adjustment was needed during a dive. It was originally equipped only with a stern rudder, which gave poor control. At speeds greater than 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) the boat would become unstable. At this speed the boat would be angled down 3-5° to maintain depth, so that the bow would be 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) lower than the stern. Further rudders were added at the centre of the boat in 1893, which as well as improving stability meant that she remained more level as it dived.
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patent which used Zinc and copper oxide electrodes with potassium hydroxide electrolyte. These were located all over the ship arranged into six banks of 45 parallel paired cells connected in series. To vary the speed, banks could be connected in different combinations, 6 banks in series giving 150 V
306:
The boat was designed to operate underwater with a small positive buoyancy, so that without power and rudders driving it downwards it would tend to float to the surface. There were three ballast tanks, one in the centre and one either end. Water could be ejected either using compressed air or
340:
The hull was made of 6 mm steel at the centre, tapering to 4 mm at either end with a circular cross section. Internally it was coated with coal tar to provide protection from spilled battery acid. The hull was supported by 31 circular frames with additional longitudinal bracing.
376:
was damaged on 5 March 1907 when she ran aground. The boat was drydocked but a hatch was left open while the dock was being filled, allowing her to flood and sink on 19 June 1907. Repairs were considered too expensive so she was sold for scrap in 1911.
353:, but they proved unsatisfactory. Diving was delayed by the need to fix or stow the periscope and water seals proved to be unreliable and on a couple of occasions led to dangerous flooding. A small conning tower was added in 1898. The boat had a
258:
The submarine was built with a steel single hull, a detachable lead keel, and three hydroplanes on each side. She made over 2,000 dives, using 204 cell batteries. She was armed with two 355 mm (14 in)
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on 20 April 1887 at
Mourillon Arsenal at Toulon operated by La Société des Forges et chantiers, of which company Zédé was a director. Trials began on 17 November 1888.
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361:. Although the latter were not entirely reliable it allowed the Gymnote to force a naval block in 1890. The ship was equipped with two 14-inch
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was an experimental design and so was subject to continuous changes through its lifetime. The original design was commissioned by
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The boat was originally fitted with 564 Commelin-Bailhache-Desmazures alkaline cells designed from the
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Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In
Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.).
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25 nmi (46 km; 29 mi) at 4.3 knots (8.0 km/h; 4.9 mph) submerged
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65 nmi (120 km; 75 mi) at 5.0 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) surfaced
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French
Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
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The original sixteen pole electric motor was designed by
Captain Krebs to develop 55
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The
Technical and Human Odyssey of the Submarine in France: From
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was partly inspired by the earlier development of the submarine
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and the first functional submarine equipped with torpedoes.
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L'odyssée technique et humaine du sous-marin en France
520:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
275:, the world's first mechanically powered submarine.
559:(1904). Bourg-en-Bresse, France: Marines Ă©dition.
513:
1014:8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886)
516:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
173:4.3 knots (8.0 km/h; 4.9 mph) submerged
170:7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) surfaced
1696:
1045:Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876)
1144:
665:
497:, Volume XXXIV, Issue 11045, 10 August 1907.
812:Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895)
219:on 24 September 1888, she was developed in
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349:The boat was fitted with several types of
209:was one of the world's first all-electric
1159:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1907
1103:French weapons in the American Civil War
989:Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808)
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1050:Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880)
587:
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160:Electric engine 41 kW (55 hp)
14:
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450:memorandum 1901. Krebs at rbmn.free.fr
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817:Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897)
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592:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
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59:
407:"Rue Gustave Zédé at v2asp.paris.fr"
30:For the 1960s trials submarine, see
27:World's first all-electric submarine
635:: Pictures at Krebs at rbmn.free.fr
551:] (in French). Vol. 1: Du
251:. The name "Gymnote" refers to the
24:
1093:Second Italian War of Independence
687:French weapons of the 19th century
424:
25:
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1035:Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854)
807:Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872)
607:
235:, who completed the project. For
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1055:Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886)
1040:De Bange breech obturator (1872)
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627:: Plans at Krebs at rbmn.free.fr
493:Anonymous, "Torpedo Boat Sunk,"
61:
40:
1030:Lepage percussion system (1807)
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223:following early experiments by
32:French submarine Gymnote (S655)
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13:
1:
1705:Submarines of the French Navy
1098:French Intervention in Mexico
935:Mechanical powered submarine
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247:and the first naval electric
239:, Arthur Krebs developed the
1078:French Intervention in Spain
994:Prélat percussion cap (1818)
644:(Q1) at sous-marins français
588:Roberts, Stephen S. (2021).
482:French académie des sciences
322:
7:
999:Lefaucheux cartridge (1836)
870:Lahitolle 95 mm (1873)
646:Marc Castel (archived page)
460:Krebs autobiographic letter
380:
227:, and, after his death, by
10:
1756:
1730:Maritime incidents in 1907
1083:French conquest of Algeria
984:Lepage fulminate (1807–10)
917:Ironclad floating battery
850:Canon obusier de 12 (1853)
802:Reffye mitrailleuse (1866)
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716:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
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619:Naval intelligence report
125:
54:
39:
1484:January (unknown date):
885:Canet 320 mm (1880)
310:
152:17.8 m (58 ft)
1740:Arthur Constantin Krebs
1725:19th-century submarines
1710:Experimental submarines
1625:August (unknown date):
535:Garier, GĂ©rard (n.d.).
387:Spanish submarine Peral
335:
255:, the "electric eels".
126:General characteristics
1270:March (unknown date):
855:La Hitte system (1858)
731:Chassepot rifle (1866)
726:Tabatière rifle (1864)
231:(1825–1891) and
1715:Ships built in France
962:Electrical submarine
880:de Bange 90 mm (1877)
875:de Bange 80 mm (1877)
835:Year XI system (1803)
702:Delvigne rifle (1826)
1735:Shipwrecks of France
1571:Prinz August Wilhelm
1004:Tamisier ball (1841)
746:Modèle 1892 revolver
579:: CS1 maint: year (
345:Navigation equipment
1108:Franco-Prussian War
865:Reffye 75 mm (1873)
860:Reffye 85 mm (1870)
845:Valée system (1828)
840:Paixhans gun (1823)
225:Henri Dupuy de LĂ´me
144:30 tonnes (33 tons)
890:Canon de 75 (1897)
741:Lebel rifle (1886)
721:Minié rifle (1849)
495:Poverty Bay Herald
243:, the first naval
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1009:Minié ball (1847)
953:Armoured cruiser
944:Steel battleship
908:Steam battleship
736:Gras rifle (1874)
614:French submarines
599:978-1-5267-4533-0
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105:24 September 1888
16:(Redirected from
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413:on 2016-03-03
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363:torpedo tubes
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121:Scrapped 1911
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97:20 April 1887
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58:
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48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:Commonwealth
1628:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1524:
1515:Commonwealth
1514:
1507:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1465:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1416:Mount Temple
1415:
1405:
1395:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
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1329:
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1182:
1175:
963:
961:
954:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
794:Machine guns
708:
641:
632:
624:
589:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
515:
506:Bibliography
494:
488:
477:
466:
455:
442:
415:. Retrieved
411:the original
401:
373:
372:
348:
339:
326:
314:
305:
302:Control gear
288:Admiral Aube
283:
282:
279:Construction
271:
266:
265:
257:
236:
233:Arthur Krebs
229:Gustave Zédé
215:
205:
204:
203:
141:Displacement
77:
46:
1581:Grängesberg
1497:Winifredian
1386:Pedro Nunes
1088:Crimean War
1064:Operational
640:Gymnote Q1
555:(1863) aux
249:gyrocompass
1720:1888 ships
1699:Categories
1660:Mauretania
1446:Dei Gratia
1166:Shipwrecks
976:Ammunition
946:Redoutable
707:Thouvenin
694:Small arms
545:(1863) to
417:2016-03-06
393:References
351:periscopes
317:horsepower
211:submarines
195:Complement
157:Propulsion
1638:USS
1627:HMS
1608:San Pedro
1590:HMS
1513:HMS
1508:Albemarle
1506:HMS
1477:Vaderland
1436:Cap Lopez
1314:Silverlip
1302:HMS
1273:Fairhaven
1233:Dundonald
926:Ironclad
575:cite book
359:gyroscope
323:Batteries
292:Romazotti
261:torpedoes
253:Gymnotids
245:periscope
135:Submarine
94:Laid down
1657:23 Dec:
1650:Favorite
1640:Franklin
1636:21 Oct:
1618:Standart
1615:29 Aug:
1605:21 Jul:
1595:, USLHT
1588:20 Jun:
1552:12 Mar:
1545:Devonian
1542:11 Mar:
1522:20 Feb:
1504:11 Feb:
1474:19 Jan:
1467:Turbinia
1464:11 Jan:
1443:27 Dec:
1433:21 Dec:
1423:14 Dec:
1403:21 Oct:
1393:17 Oct:
1383:13 Oct:
1367:11 Oct:
1360:Metamora
1357:29 Sep:
1350:Columbia
1347:21 Jul:
1337:19 Jun:
1321:20 May:
1300:19 Apr:
1290:16 Apr:
1283:Hereford
1260:18 Mar:
1250:17 Mar:
1240:12 Mar:
1210:24 Feb:
1200:21 Feb:
1190:17 Jan:
1174:11 Jan:
937:Plongeur
910:Napoléon
900:Warships
553:Plongeur
543:Plongeur
381:See also
272:Plongeur
217:Launched
102:Launched
88:Gymnotus
84:Namesake
49:in 1889.
1647:9 Nov:
1578:2 Jun:
1568:3 May:
1561:Suffren
1535:Gymnote
1532:5 Mar:
1494:5 Feb:
1487:Etruria
1413:2 Dec:
1340:Gymnote
1311:1 May:
1293:Lucifer
1280:1 Apr:
1230:7 Mar:
1220:3 Mar:
1183:Welcome
1023:Systems
964:Gymnote
827:Cannons
642:Gymnote
633:Gymnote
625:Gymnote
443:Gymnote
374:Gymnote
369:History
355:compass
284:Gymnote
267:Gymnote
237:Gymnote
206:Gymnote
78:Gymnote
55:History
47:Gymnote
18:Gymnote
1555:Patrie
1525:Kléber
1376:Cyprus
1324:Chanzy
1253:Suevic
1223:Dakota
1203:Berlin
966:(1888)
957:(1890)
948:(1876)
939:(1863)
930:(1858)
928:Gloire
921:(1854)
912:(1850)
711:(1846)
596:
563:
549:(1904)
524:
357:and a
221:France
149:Length
68:France
1598:Maple
1592:Dryad
1370:Aagot
1330:Izaro
1304:Ariel
1263:Jebba
1066:usage
557:GuĂŞpe
547:GuĂŞpe
539:[
311:Motor
180:Range
165:Speed
1686:1908
1673:1906
1243:IĂ©na
1213:Gjøa
919:Lave
594:ISBN
581:link
561:ISBN
522:ISBN
336:Hull
296:laid
131:Type
118:Fate
113:1908
74:Name
448:ONI
1701::
1558:,
1511:,
1373:,
1327:,
1180:,
577:}}
573:{{
446:;
426:^
365:.
263:.
1152:e
1145:t
1138:v
673:e
666:t
659:v
602:.
583:)
569:.
530:.
420:.
198:5
34:.
20:)
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