362:
73:
47:
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complete fusion in females occurs as early as 12 years in the distal tibia and fibula. All females demonstrated complete fusion by 18 years with no significant differences between ancestral groups. Complete fusion in males occurs as early as 14 years in both epiphyses. All males demonstrated complete
390:
and it also manifests in generalized deformities of bones and joints. However, various other types of osteochondrodysplasias can cause short stature and generalized deformities of bones and joints due to abnormal function of growth plate cartilage cells.
866:
Mirghasemi, Alireza; Mohamadi, Amin; Ara, Ali Majles; Gabaran, Narges Rahimi; Sadat, Mir
Mostafa (November 2009). "Completely displaced S-1/S-2 growth plate fracture in an adolescent: case report and review of literature".
395:
is a genetic condition that is caused by growth irregularities of the epiphyseal plates of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. It usually results in limb deformities and a certain degree of functional limitations.
823:
Duque Orozco, Maria del Pilar; Abousamra, Oussama; Rogers, Kenneth J.; Thacker, Mihir M. (July 2018). "Radiographic
Analysis of the Pediatric Hip Patients With Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME)".
232:. Complete fusion can occur as early as 12 for girls (with the most common being 14–15 years for girls) and as early as 14 for boys (with the most common being 15–17 years for boys).
466:
studied growing chickens. He observed bones grew at the ends and thus demonstrated the existence of the epiphyseal plates. Hunter is considered the "father of the growth plate".
157:
284:
and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears.
683:
133:
500:
Crowder, C; Austin, D (September 2005). "Age ranges of epiphyseal fusion in the distal tibia and fibula of contemporary males and females".
1097:
960:"Growth modulation for knee coronal plane deformities in children with nutritional rickets: A prospective series with treatment algorithm"
415:
There are important clinical implications of the growth plate physiology. For example guided growth surgery, also known as temporary hemi
644:"17β-Estradiol regulates rat growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway not involving nitric oxide or MAPKs"
355:
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts from the diaphyseal side break down the calcified cartilage and replace with mineralized bone tissue.
419:
is used to achieve correction or straightening of the bone deformities in a variety of pediatric orthopedic disorders such as
276:
ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased
733:
El-Sobky, TamerA; Shawky, RabahM; Sakr, HossamM; Elsayed, SolafM; Elsayed, NermineS; Ragheb, ShaimaaG; Gamal, Radwa (2017).
735:"A systematized approach to radiographic assessment of commonly seen genetic bone diseases in children: A pictorial review"
374:
Defects in the development and continued division of epiphyseal plates can lead to growth disorders collectively known as
220:
The plate is only found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an
209:. It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance
717:
776:"Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review"
402:
are fractures involving epiphyseal plates and hence tend to interfere with growth, height or physiologic functions.
1090:
617:
361:
1014:"Guided growth for correction of knee flexion contracture in patients with arthrogryposis: preliminary results"
774:
E.L.-Sobky, Tamer A.; Samir, Shady; Atiyya, Ahmed Naeem; Mahmoud, Shady; Aly, Ahmad S.; Soliman, Ramy (2018).
392:
152:
17:
1203:
958:
EL-Sobky, TA; Samir, S; Baraka, MM; Fayyad, TA; Mahran, MA; Aly, AS; Amen, J; Mahmoud, S (1 January 2020).
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of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate. Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less
88:
and three zones: maturation (top), degenerative (middle) and provisional calcification (bottom).
432:
164:
140:
128:
80:
of an undecalcified epiphyseal plate that is displaying the hypertrophic zone with its typical
31:
1131:
463:
382:, where there is a defect in cartilage formation. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of
375:
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333:
252:
and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's
51:
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The growth plate has a very specific morphology in having a zonal arrangement as follows:
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217:, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).
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Netter's essential histology : with
Student consult online access
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Trofimova, SI; Buklaev, DS; Petrova, EV; Mulevanova, SA (2016).
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among others. This applies to bone and joint deformities in the
412:, leading to excess bone growth and a painful lump at the knee.
1347:
1255:
1018:
Pediatric
Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery
249:
248:
is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage
62:
55:
920:"Update on guided growth concepts around the knee in children"
642:
Zhong, M; Carney, DH; Boyan, BD; Schwartz, Z (January 2011).
409:
104:
58:
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707:
957:
732:
365:
Masson
Goldner trichrome stain of rabbit epiphysial plate
451:– anterior/posterior – plane or knee flexion deformity/
309:
Quiescent chondrocytes are found at the epiphyseal end
1007:
1005:
712:(1st ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders.
317:
Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis under influence of
1002:
408:results from stress on the epiphyseal plate in the
298:
Epiphyseal plate zone (from epiphysis to diaphysis)
708:Ovalle, William K.; Nahirney, Patrick C. (2007).
1462:
739:Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research
684:"Skeletal System / Bone Development and Growth"
953:
951:
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268:while the older cells are pushed towards the
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618:"When do most males' growth plates close?"
347:. Cartilagenous matrix begins to calcify.
71:
45:
27:Cartilage plate in the neck of a long bone
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328:Chondrocytes stop mitosis, and begin to
272:. As the older chondrocytes degenerate,
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332:by accumulating glycogen, lipids, and
1079:
65:(right) showing two epiphyseal plates
541:"At what age do girls stop growing?"
1070:Normal bones at GetTheDiagnosis.org
538:
24:
1046:"Growth Plate (Physeal) Fractures"
964:JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews
590:
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325:Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
25:
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1063:
825:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
593:"Puberty: Tanner Stages – Girls"
458:
1038:
859:
816:
767:
567:"Puberty: Tanner Stages – Boys"
256:are under constant division by
224:. This replacement is known as
977:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00009
926:. S1877-0568 (19): S171–S180.
726:
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1:
869:Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
486:
393:Hereditary multiple exostoses
881:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181a23d8b
837:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000815
502:Journal of Forensic Sciences
439:– medial/lateral – plane or
378:. The most common defect is
287:
235:
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476:Human development (biology)
469:
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933:10.1016/j.otsr.2019.04.025
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924:Orthop Traumatol Surg Res
246:Endochondral ossification
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431:multiplex congenita and
406:Osgood–Schlatter disease
213:throughout its existing
752:10.4103/jmsr.jmsr_28_17
400:Salter–Harris fractures
792:10.1051/sicotj/2018002
481:Salter–Harris fracture
433:osteochondrodysplasias
366:
165:Anatomical terminology
32:anatomical terminology
1132:fibrocartilage callus
1031:10.17816/PTORS4464-70
376:osteochondrodysplasia
370:Clinical significance
364:
343:Chondrocytes undergo
340:Zone of calcification
314:Zone of proliferation
918:Journeau, P (2020).
661:10.1210/en.2010-0509
597:Pediatric HOUSECALLS
571:Pediatric HOUSECALLS
352:Zone of ossification
334:alkaline phosphatase
230:growth plate fusion
110:lamina epiphysialis
591:Jarret, Robert R.
565:Jarret, Robert R.
527:fusion by 19 years
514:10.1520/JFS2004542
367:
226:epiphyseal closure
30:This article uses
1476:Medical mnemonics
1458:
1457:
1454:
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1363:connective tissue
1358:Volkmann's canals
539:Barrell, Amanda.
447:plane and in the
359:
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264:stack facing the
205:at each end of a
199:hyaline cartilage
179:
178:
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16:(Redirected from
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1405:medullary cavity
1380:Sharpey's fibres
1353:Haversian canals
1308:epiphyseal plate
1298:subchondral bone
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187:epiphysial plate
183:epiphyseal plate
171:edit on Wikidata
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78:Light micrograph
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40:Epiphyseal plate
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18:Growth plates
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1251:bone mineral
1209:endochondral
1199:primary bone
1191:Ossification
1145:chondroblast
1050:. Retrieved
1040:
1024:(4): 64–70.
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688:the original
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301:Description
291:
282:ossification
254:chondrocytes
244:
229:
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195:growth plate
194:
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186:
182:
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134:A02.0.00.020
109:
82:chondrocytes
1410:bone marrow
1150:chondrocyte
464:John Hunter
445:genu valgum
330:hypertrophy
274:osteoblasts
241:Development
215:bone tissue
99:Identifiers
61:(left) and
1465:Categories
1400:trabeculae
1395:canaliculi
1373:periosteum
1332:epicondyle
1317:metaphysis
1277:cancellous
1235:osteoclast
1225:osteoblast
1137:metaphysis
1052:2008-01-15
694:2008-07-10
487:References
441:genu varum
211:remodeling
203:metaphysis
1441:irregular
1368:endosteum
1341:Structure
1322:diaphysis
1303:epiphysis
1230:osteocyte
1119:Cartilage
1111:cartilage
889:1531-2291
745:(2): 25.
345:apoptosis
288:Histology
278:apoptosis
270:diaphysis
266:epiphysis
236:Structure
207:long bone
52:Radiogram
1446:sesamoid
1385:enthesis
1282:cortical
996:32159063
942:31669550
897:19858983
853:23800752
845:27328120
810:29565244
761:79825711
670:21068162
522:16225203
470:See also
449:sagittal
384:dwarfism
260:. These
250:in utero
1390:lacunae
1327:condyle
1291:Regions
1261:osteoid
1170:fibrous
1165:elastic
1160:hyaline
987:7028784
905:6651435
801:5863686
780:SICOT-J
455:plane.
437:coronal
425:rickets
258:mitosis
122:D006132
94:Details
1419:Shapes
1348:osteon
1256:ossein
1244:Matrix
1156:Types
1141:Cells
994:
984:
940:
903:
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887:
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627:9 June
622:Zoodoc
602:9 June
576:9 June
550:9 June
520:
191:physis
86:matrix
63:fibula
56:distal
1431:short
1270:Types
1218:Cells
901:S2CID
849:S2CID
757:S2CID
410:tibia
197:is a
193:, or
169:[
158:75427
105:Latin
59:tibia
1436:flat
1426:long
1182:Bone
1109:and
1107:Bone
992:PMID
938:PMID
893:PMID
885:ISSN
841:PMID
806:PMID
714:ISBN
666:PMID
629:2020
604:2020
578:2020
552:2020
518:PMID
181:The
129:TA98
117:MeSH
1026:doi
982:PMC
972:doi
928:doi
877:doi
833:doi
796:PMC
788:doi
747:doi
656:doi
652:152
510:doi
386:or
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