189:
526:
518:
38:
1885:
420:
469:
258:) and to give limited secular education. These early mission boarding schools never recruited more than a small percentage of the number of school-aged children in the region. Though often at odds, the Canadian government and the various religious organizations operating residential schools agreed that Indigenous cultural practices had to be suppressed.
390:
her colleagues adopted the particular black and beige dress of their religious institute in 1755: despite a lack of grey colour, they kept the nickname. When a Grey Nun worked as a nurse in a hospital, she usually exchanged her taupe habit for a white one. They wore a bonnet instead of a veil, as that was more practical for everyday work.
205:
founder as the Frères Charon. At that time they also took over the work of the bankrupt Frères Charon at the Hôpital Général de Montréal located outside the city walls. (In the seventeenth century, a "general hospital" was an institution that took in old people, the ill, and the poor. Medical care was dispensed at the Hôtel Dieu.)
542:
They once operated a number of major hospitals in Canada; as provincial governments and church, authorities moved to standardize both ownership and operation of hospitals, many of these hospitals passed into the hands of Church corporations (or, in some cases, governmental organizations) and the Grey
455:
In 1888 the sisters founded the first hospital in
Lewiston, Maine, called variously "the Sisters' Hospital", "the French Hospital", or "the Catholic Hospital". In 1902 the Sisters moved to a larger building that came to be called L'Hopital Generale Ste. Marie - St. Mary's General Hospital. St. Mary's
447:
The congregation was founded by Marie-Michel-Archange Thuot (Mother Thuot). She joined the Grey nuns in 1803. She served in the infirmary and pharmacy, and later became mistress of novices. In 1840, Thuot and three other sisters left
Montreal to establish a community in the rural farming community of
389:
The city residents mocked the nuns by calling them "les grises" – a phrase meaning both "the grey women" and "the drunken women", in reference to the color of their attire and d'Youville's late husband, François-Magdeleine You d’Youville (1700–1730), a notorious bootlegger. Marguerite d'Youville and
451:
In response to increased industrialization of the area, in 1864 they founded the workhouse of Saint Geneviève to " procure work for the poor women when they are unable to find any on the outside." The workhouse produced woollen fabric and soap, and provided employment for ten women, fifteen girls,
223:
was founded in 1906 in Nashua, by the parish of St. Louis de
Gonzague primarily to serve Nashua's French Canadian community. The Sisters of Charity of Montreal began to staff it in 1907. The hospital was dedicated on 1 May 1908, the Feast of St. Joseph the Worker. The sister also started a nursing
398:
The rule given to
Marguerite d'Youville and her companions by the Sulpician priest, Father Louis Normant de Faradon, P.S.S, in 1745 received episcopal sanction in 1754, when Monseigneur de Pontbriant formed the society into an official religious community. This rule forms the basis of the present
204:
on 30 October 1738, taking in a small number of destitute persons. On 3 June 1753 the society received royal sanction, which also transferred to them the rights and privileges previously granted by letters patent in 1694 to the Frères
Hospitaliers de la Croix et de Saint-Joseph, known after their
212:
After 1840, the order rapidly expanded, and over the next 100 years became a major provider of health care and other social services throughout Quebec, Western and
Northern Canada, and the northern United States. In 1855, the Grey Nuns were called to Toledo, Ohio, to care for many suffering from
208:
In 1755 the sisters cared for those stricken during a smallpox epidemic. As the sisters were not cloistered, they could go out to visit the sick. Those assisted included the First
Nations people in Oka, who were among the benefactors who later helped rebuild the hospital after a fire in 1765.
251:, who were not allowed to teach girls. The Oblates paid parents to allow their children to attend boarding schools. At the schools, they participated in the effort to remove children from their traditional Indigenous ways of life, in order to "civilize" them.
231:, a non-profit Catholic regional health care system, to direct, support and conduct their health care, elder care and social service systems throughout New England. In 1996, sponsorship of St. Joseph Hospital in Nashua was transferred from the Grey Nuns to
533:
As of 2008 the various Grey Nun branches operate in Canada, the United States, Colombia, Brazil, Japan, Haiti, Central
African Republic, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic.
476:
The only
American congregation of Grey Nuns, the Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart branched off from the Ottawa congregation in 1921, to establish an independent English-speaking congregation to minister in the United States. They founded
759:
571:
They now operate shelters for battered women (with and without children), shelters for women in need, clothing and food dispensaries, centres for the disabled, and some health care facilities. St. Boniface
General Hospital in
448:
Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, and soon founded the Hotel-Dieu for their health care ministry. As a way to raise funds to support themselves and their ministry, they also took in female pensionnaires.
381:. As of 2021, the Catholic Church as a whole had not issued a formal apology for its role in the residential school system, although some dioceses and orders had issued their own apologies.
767:
115:
Canada, the United States, Colombia, Brazil, Japan, Haiti, Central African Republic, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic
2167:
741:
431:
The sisters undertook the first mission by a female religious institute to Western Canada in 1844, when a colony of Grey Nuns left their convent in Montreal and travelled to
980:
2132:
708:
686:
2137:
300:
investigation; two nuns were eventually convicted of assault for their actions at St Anne's. The Sisters also worked at the Holy Angels Residential School in
1874:
1488:
1759:
1901:
1849:
1005:
2142:
485:. The sisters serve in a variety of ministries in the East Coast states New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts as well as in Georgia and Alaska.
1505:
200:
was founded when Marguerite d'Youville and three of her friends formed a religious association to care for the poor. They rented a small house in
1734:
457:
371:
863:"Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 1 Origins to 1939: Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Volume 1"
296:
was reportedly used on the children for the amusement of the staff, among other severe abuses. Survivor testimony later sparked a long-running
269:; insufficient food; and being forbidden to speak their native languages or engage in their cultural practices. This treatment has been deemed
1188:
576:
is still owned by the Grey Nuns; hospitals previously owned, operated, or enlarged by the institute include the former Holy Cross Hospital in
2152:
1410:
951:"Canada's Residential Schools: The Inuit and Northern Experience: Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Volume 2"
274:
1567:
1035:"Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 1 1939 to 2000: Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Volume 1"
1248:
378:
1906:
789:
220:
1614:
656:
congregation has not recruited any new members since before 2000. Sister Bernadette said the nuns' legacy will live on in other ways.
2147:
1819:
500:
244:
2162:
899:"Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada"
1854:
616:
Although the institute's informal name contains the word "nuns", members are actually classified by the Roman Catholic Church as
332:
281:
374:
process, stating that they felt many students had positive experiences and that some of their members had been falsely accused.
344:
1649:
1527:
1461:
248:
715:
254:
The main goal of the Oblates and the Grey Nuns was to provide a Catholic education (in competition with schools operated by
2111:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1704:
1361:
683:
604:
Grey Nuns may work with the incarcerated. Some chapters are also dedicated to peace and justice; at least one chapter, the
1125:
1096:"Canada's Residential Schools: Reconciliation: Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Volume 6"
489:
the Sisters of Charity of the HĂ´tel-Dieu of Nicolet (1886), branched off from Saint-Hyacinthe, united with Montreal (1941)
2172:
1859:
377:
As of 2018, the Sisters had not turned over several thousand photos and records which they had promised to return to the
596:. Many of these health care institutions were founded by missionary nuns sent out from convents in Quebec and Ontario.
581:
320:
1444:
1341:
1664:
1540:
1258:
1198:
548:
356:
316:
to search the grounds of the school for unmarked graves reported by former students. The search began in March 2022.
928:
1804:
1784:
1588:
Ward, Sister Mary Elizabeth. "Grey Nuns." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910
408:
309:
285:
1148:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
649:
1839:
188:
1607:
183:
171:
605:
1428:
1356:
324:
2157:
1893:
1869:
1316:
950:
589:
617:
1659:
364:
1577:
1789:
1749:
1729:
1699:
1095:
1034:
981:"Search for unmarked graves at residential school site in Fort Chipewyan beginning at the end of March"
862:
20:
1709:
1600:
305:
297:
255:
1809:
1694:
1250:
The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare Paradigm of Lewiston, Maine
1190:
The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare Paradigm of Lewiston, Maine
625:
432:
340:
336:
214:
1406:
1864:
1679:
898:
665:
232:
228:
1066:
544:
436:
424:
352:
197:
1814:
1374:
1216:
1684:
552:
482:
478:
313:
760:""160 years after its founding, Mercy St. Vincent Medical Center is still mission-focused",
525:
517:
411:, the sisters pledge themselves to devote their lives to the service of suffering humanity.
1829:
1824:
1669:
1654:
560:
8:
1774:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1582:
1395:
University of Calgary Library Special Collection article on Holy Cross School of Nursing.
1149:"'Disgrace': Indigenous leaders blast Catholic Church for silence on residential schools"
636:
In 1993 it was estimated that there were just under 3,000 Grey Nuns in Canada, mainly in
370:
The Sisters and the Oblates objected to the characterization of their actions during the
328:
163:
1535:
by Albertine-Ferland Angers. Montreal: Sisters of Charity of Montreal, Grey Nuns, 2000.
1394:
1231:
1170:
1754:
1739:
1714:
1931:
1536:
1523:
1254:
1194:
645:
270:
37:
1067:"The Survivors Speak: A Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada"
1794:
1719:
1644:
439:. Several sister communities branched off from the Sisters of Charity of Montreal:
1884:
1448:
1414:
1345:
1274:
690:
452:
one man, and three boys. They became a separate pontifical congregation in 1896.
360:
348:
1288:
1799:
742:"Dwindling Grey Nuns leave downtown Montreal convent after more than a century"
301:
293:
262:
821:
2126:
1744:
1724:
1587:
1320:
419:
404:
400:
1126:"Some Catholic orders still withholding promised residential school records"
807:
1769:
1764:
1674:
1440:
1382:
1337:
628:. They no longer wear their distinctive habit and now wear street clothes.
266:
648:
was vacated by its remaining Grey Nuns, after having sold the property to
1562:
556:
1583:
Manitoba Historical Society – The Grey Nuns and the Red River Settlement
1844:
621:
468:
1592:
1313:
312:
and Fort Chipewyan MĂ©tis Community have hired archaeologists from the
224:
school. In 1938, the parish transferred ownership to the "Grey Nuns".
585:
684:
Marie–Marguerite d'Youville at the Vatican Liturgy of Saints Project
1834:
1006:"Assiniboia Residential School Display Opens at Millennium Library"
593:
573:
201:
99:
85:
1506:
CBC: Grey Nuns leave motherhouse for Concordia University takeover
1489:"The fascinating history behind Concordia's new student residence"
1779:
641:
577:
289:
238:
44:
Saint Marguerite d'Youville, in the former habit of the institute
1552:
653:
637:
427:, held by Sisters of Charity of Quebec between 1861 and 1994
319:
Other residential schools where the sisters worked include
1171:"Our "Colorful" Name | Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart"
325:
Lac la Biche (Notre Dame des Victoires) Residential School
1572:
481:
in Buffalo, New York. In 1966, the mother house moved to
280:
The Sisters worked at one of the most notorious schools,
243:
The Sisters worked as nurses and teachers in a number of
167:
156:
The Sisters of Charity of the Hôpital Général of Montreal
442:
2168:
Christian organizations established in the 18th century
1522:
by Dennis King. Toronto: Book Society of Canada, 1980.
1407:
Saskatoon Health Region article on St. Paul's Hospital.
227:
In 1983 the Sisters of Charity of Montreal established
136:
652:
in 2005. The building was subsequently renovated. The
611:
472:
Koessler Administration Building at D'Youville College
1557:
1105:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
1076:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
1044:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
960:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
908:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
872:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015
547:
building built in 1765 in Montreal was designated a
1578:
Grey Sisters of the Immaculate Conception Home Page
608:, has declared its properties a nuclear-free zone.
1029:
1027:
857:
855:
2133:1738 establishments in the French colonial empire
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
2138:Religious organizations established in the 1730s
2124:
563:, was also designated a National Historic Site.
463:
1558:Sisters of Charity of Saint-Hyacinthe Home Page
1061:
1059:
1024:
551:in 1973 to commemorate the Grey Nuns. In 2011,
77:advocate and public voice, educator and network
832:
247:, as the preferred missionary partners of the
239:Participation in the residential school system
1608:
1462:"Montreal nuns moving – with saint's remains"
790:"10 Things to Know About St. Joseph Hospital"
739:
1289:"Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart - Who we are"
1103:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
1074:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
1056:
1042:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
958:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
906:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
893:
891:
889:
887:
870:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
379:National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation
213:cholera. St. Vincent's later became part of
36:
1533:Mother d'Youville, First Canadian Foundress
1424:
1422:
1146:
822:"Covenant Health - Our Name is our Promise"
1615:
1601:
1520:The Grey Nuns and the Red River Settlement
1379:Directory of Federal Heritage Designations
559:of the Grey Nuns in Montreal, now part of
261:Students at the schools were subjected to
192:Grey Nuns Convent in Montreal (circa 1880)
1820:1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery
1375:Mother House of the Grey Nuns of Montreal
1212:
1210:
1182:
1180:
884:
703:
701:
699:
501:Grey Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
1419:
1338:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart Ministries
524:
516:
492:the Sisters of Charity of Ottawa (1845)
467:
418:
187:
2143:Christian organizations based in Canada
1855:2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft
1622:
1573:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart Home Page
1486:
1123:
926:
740:Everett-Green, Robert (29 March 2013).
709:""History", The Grey Nuns of Montreal""
508:the Sisters of Charity of Quebec (1849)
2125:
1568:Sisters of Charity of Quebec Home Page
1563:Sisters of Charity of Ottawa Home Page
1459:
1441:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart mission.
1429:Alberta Heritage article on Grey Nuns.
1333:
1331:
1329:
1246:
1207:
1186:
1177:
1163:
696:
345:Shubenacadie Indian Residential School
1596:
978:
644:. In March 2013, the Mother House in
624:and belong to a congregation, not an
443:Sisters of Charity of Saint-Hyacinthe
414:
367:(Turquetil Hall) Residential School.
249:Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
2153:Catholic female orders and societies
1362:Canadian Register of Historic Places
748:– via www.theglobeandmail.com.
733:
521:Statue to the Grey Nuns, Quebec City
458:Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center
399:constitution, which was approved by
341:Assiniboia Indian Residential School
333:Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School
282:St. Anne's Indian Residential School
1875:National Historic Sites in Montreal
1860:Concordia University Netanyahu riot
1460:Peretz, Ingrid (24 December 2008).
1326:
1247:Hudson, Susan (13 September 2013).
1187:Hudson, Susan (13 September 2013).
800:
612:Classification as religious sisters
512:
403:on 30 July 1880. Besides the three
275:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
16:Canadian Roman Catholic institution
13:
1513:
1236:, Fides Publishers, 1990, p. 67-68
1147:Dangerfield, Katie (1 June 2021).
321:ĂŽle-Ă -la-Crosse Residential School
152:The Sisters of Charity of Montreal
30:The Sisters of Charity of Montreal
14:
2184:
1546:
2148:History of Catholicism in Canada
1883:
1805:Montreal Metropolitan Commission
1785:Black Power movement in Montreal
927:Barrera, Jorge (29 March 2018).
549:national Historic Site of Canada
503:(1926), branched off from Ottawa
409:poverty, chastity, and obedience
310:Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation
2163:Organizations based in Montreal
1553:Grey Nuns of Montreal Home Page
1499:
1487:Peacock, Tom (27 August 2014).
1480:
1453:
1434:
1400:
1388:
1368:
1350:
1307:
1281:
1267:
1240:
1225:
1140:
1117:
1088:
998:
972:
943:
920:
393:
363:Indian Residential School, and
331:(Youville) Residential School,
158:and more commonly known as the
1314:Grey Nuns ministries worldwide
1124:Barrera, Jorge (1 June 2018).
814:
782:
752:
677:
599:
353:Blue Quills Residential School
1:
1385:. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
1340:. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1293:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart
794:www.beckershospitalreview.com
671:
606:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart
464:Grey Nuns of the Sacred Heart
1840:École Polytechnique massacre
590:Grey Nuns Community Hospital
537:
7:
1443:Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1323:. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
929:"The horrors of St. Anne's"
693:. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
659:
566:
496:the Grey Nuns of the Cross
273:by the final report of the
184:Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
10:
2189:
2173:History of women in Canada
1790:Sir George Williams affair
1409:Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1365:. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
631:
245:Indian Residential Schools
181:
177:
21:Grey Nuns (disambiguation)
18:
1892:
1881:
1735:Burning of the Parliament
1630:
1493:Concordia University News
1431:Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1397:Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1263:– via Google Books.
1222:Retrieved 26 August 2008.
1203:– via Google Books.
543:Nuns changed focus. The
306:Mikisew Cree First Nation
131:
119:
109:
92:
81:
73:
65:
57:
49:
35:
1810:Montreal Urban Community
1705:Capitulation of Montreal
215:Catholic Health Partners
1865:Dawson College shooting
1680:Great Peace of Montreal
666:Covenant Health Systems
384:
233:Covenant Health Systems
229:Covenant Health Systems
61:Religious organizations
1665:Saint-Sulpice Seminary
1650:Notre-Dame de Montréal
1413:2 October 2013 at the
1232:Gagnon, Claude-Marie.
826:www.covenanthealth.net
689:27 August 2006 at the
530:
522:
473:
435:, on the shore of the
428:
193:
41:
1870:2012 student movement
1219:Canadian Encyclopedia
553:Grey Nuns Motherhouse
528:
520:
483:Yardley, Pennsylvania
471:
422:
314:University of Alberta
191:
182:Further information:
172:Marguerite d'Youville
170:, founded in 1737 by
160:Grey Nuns of Montreal
40:
1830:1976 Summer Olympics
1825:Gargantua bar attack
1670:Battle of Long Sault
1655:Governor of Montreal
1012:. The Canadian Press
979:McDermott, Vincent.
650:Concordia University
561:Concordia University
351:Residential School,
339:Residential School,
292:), where a homemade
19:For other uses, see
2158:History of Montreal
1902:Pre-European period
1815:Blue Bird Café fire
1775:St. Lawrence Seaway
1710:American occupation
1624:History of Montreal
1357:Grey Nuns' Hospital
1173:. 4 September 2014.
985:Fort McMurray Today
770:on 15 November 2015
762:Healthy Living News
582:St. Paul's Hospital
545:Grey Nuns' Hospital
355:, the residence at
221:St. Joseph Hospital
164:religious institute
32:
1845:Sex Garage protest
1755:Golden Square Mile
1740:Great Fire of 1852
1715:North West Company
1466:The Globe and Mail
1447:9 May 2008 at the
1344:9 May 2008 at the
1295:. 4 September 2014
746:The Globe and Mail
721:on 4 February 2017
620:, as they are not
531:
523:
479:D'Youville College
474:
429:
415:Sister communities
365:Chesterfield Inlet
194:
166:of Roman Catholic
154:, formerly called
121:Official language
42:
28:
2120:
2119:
1528:978-0-7725-5294-5
1319:1 August 2012 at
646:downtown Montreal
618:religious sisters
271:cultural genocide
174:, a young widow.
168:religious sisters
149:
148:
2180:
1887:
1795:Murray-Hill riot
1760:Oldest buildings
1720:Bank of Montreal
1645:Fort Ville-Marie
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1457:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1372:
1366:
1354:
1348:
1335:
1324:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1244:
1238:
1234:The Yellow House
1229:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1100:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1071:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
955:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
903:
895:
882:
881:
879:
877:
867:
859:
830:
829:
818:
812:
811:
804:
798:
797:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
766:. Archived from
764:, November 2020"
756:
750:
749:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
720:
714:. Archived from
713:
705:
694:
681:
513:The 21st century
162:, is a Canadian
145:
142:
140:
138:
33:
27:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
1888:
1879:
1850:Montreal merger
1750:Victoria Bridge
1700:1870 earthquake
1695:1732 earthquake
1626:
1621:
1549:
1516:
1514:Further reading
1511:
1504:
1500:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1458:
1454:
1449:Wayback Machine
1439:
1435:
1427:
1420:
1415:Wayback Machine
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1373:
1369:
1355:
1351:
1346:Wayback Machine
1336:
1327:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
977:
973:
963:
961:
953:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
925:
921:
911:
909:
901:
897:
896:
885:
875:
873:
865:
861:
860:
833:
820:
819:
815:
806:
805:
801:
796:. 16 July 2012.
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
758:
757:
753:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
711:
707:
706:
697:
691:Wayback Machine
682:
678:
674:
662:
634:
614:
602:
569:
540:
515:
466:
456:developed into
445:
417:
396:
387:
361:Fort Resolution
349:Fort Providence
241:
186:
180:
135:
126:
122:
112:
105:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:October Crisis
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:List of Mayors
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1547:External links
1545:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1498:
1479:
1452:
1433:
1418:
1399:
1387:
1367:
1349:
1325:
1306:
1280:
1266:
1259:
1239:
1224:
1206:
1199:
1176:
1162:
1139:
1116:
1087:
1055:
1023:
1010:Manitoba Today
997:
971:
942:
919:
883:
831:
813:
799:
781:
751:
732:
695:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
661:
658:
633:
630:
613:
610:
601:
598:
568:
565:
539:
536:
514:
511:
510:
509:
506:
505:
504:
490:
465:
462:
444:
441:
433:Saint Boniface
416:
413:
395:
392:
386:
383:
302:Fort Chipewyan
294:electric chair
240:
237:
179:
176:
147:
146:
133:
129:
128:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
111:Region served
110:
107:
106:
104:
103:
96:
94:
90:
89:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2185:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Gavazzi Riots
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Lachine Canal
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1541:2-920965-05-0
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:archive.today
1318:
1315:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1275:"Our History"
1270:
1262:
1260:9781135519599
1256:
1253:. Routledge.
1252:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1217:"Grey Nuns",
1213:
1211:
1202:
1200:9781135519599
1196:
1193:. Routledge.
1192:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1151:. Global News
1150:
1143:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1011:
1007:
1001:
986:
982:
975:
959:
952:
946:
930:
923:
907:
900:
894:
892:
890:
888:
871:
864:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
827:
823:
817:
809:
808:"Our Mission"
803:
795:
791:
785:
769:
765:
763:
755:
747:
743:
736:
717:
710:
704:
702:
700:
692:
688:
685:
680:
676:
667:
664:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
609:
607:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
564:
562:
558:
555:, the former
554:
550:
546:
535:
527:
519:
507:
502:
498:
497:
495:
491:
488:
487:
486:
484:
480:
470:
461:
459:
453:
449:
440:
438:
434:
426:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
401:Pope Leo XIII
391:
382:
380:
375:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
252:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
225:
222:
218:
216:
210:
206:
203:
199:
190:
185:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
144:
134:
130:
124:
118:
114:
108:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
34:
31:
26:
22:
1907:16th century
1770:Richard Riot
1765:Ouimetoscope
1689:
1675:Old Montreal
1532:
1519:
1501:
1492:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1465:
1455:
1436:
1402:
1390:
1383:Parks Canada
1378:
1370:
1360:
1352:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1292:
1283:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1218:
1189:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1102:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1073:
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
1014:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
957:
945:
933:. Retrieved
922:
910:. Retrieved
905:
874:. Retrieved
869:
825:
816:
802:
793:
784:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
761:
754:
745:
735:
723:. Retrieved
716:the original
679:
635:
615:
603:
570:
541:
532:
493:
475:
454:
450:
446:
430:
425:Deschambault
397:
394:Constitution
388:
376:
369:
337:St. Boniface
318:
284:(located in
279:
267:Sexual abuse
260:
253:
242:
226:
219:
211:
207:
198:congregation
195:
159:
155:
151:
150:
82:Headquarters
66:Legal status
29:
25:
1472:24 December
1299:28 December
600:Other works
557:motherhouse
423:Convent of
286:Fort Albany
2127:Categories
1660:HĂ´tel-Dieu
1128:. CBC News
931:. CBC News
725:2 February
672:References
622:cloistered
588:, and the
357:Fort Smith
329:St. Albert
1690:Grey Nuns
1640:Hochelaga
990:15 August
586:Saskatoon
538:Hospitals
437:Red River
256:Anglicans
50:Formation
1894:Timeline
1835:Overdale
1468:. Canada
1445:Archived
1411:Archived
1342:Archived
1317:Archived
774:10 March
687:Archived
660:See also
594:Edmonton
574:Winnipeg
567:Shelters
494:formerly
263:physical
202:Montreal
102:, Quebec
100:Montreal
93:Location
88:, Quebec
86:Montreal
1780:Expo 67
1685:Citadel
642:Ontario
632:Numbers
578:Calgary
290:Ontario
178:History
132:Website
125:English
74:Purpose
1632:Topics
1539:
1526:
1257:
1197:
1155:3 June
1132:3 June
1109:4 June
1080:4 June
1048:4 June
1016:4 June
964:4 June
935:3 June
912:4 June
876:3 June
654:Quebec
638:Quebec
529:Detail
304:. The
127:French
69:active
2112:2000s
2107:1990s
2102:1980s
2097:1970s
2092:1960s
2087:1950s
2082:1940s
2077:1930s
2072:1920s
2067:1910s
2062:1900s
2057:1890s
2052:1880s
2047:1870s
2042:1860s
2037:1850s
2032:1840s
2027:1830s
2022:1820s
2017:1810s
2012:1800s
2007:1790s
2002:1780s
1997:1770s
1992:1760s
1987:1750s
1982:1740s
1977:1730s
1972:1720s
1967:1710s
1962:1700s
1957:1690s
1952:1680s
1947:1670s
1942:1660s
1937:1650s
1932:1640s
1927:1630s
1922:1620s
1917:1610s
1912:1600s
1099:(PDF)
1070:(PDF)
1038:(PDF)
954:(PDF)
902:(PDF)
866:(PDF)
719:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
626:order
372:IRSSA
1537:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1474:2008
1301:2020
1255:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1157:2021
1134:2021
1111:2021
1082:2021
1050:2021
1018:2021
992:2022
966:2021
937:2021
914:2021
878:2021
776:2020
727:2016
640:and
499:the
405:vows
385:Name
265:and
196:The
139:.sgm
58:Type
53:1738
1381:.
592:in
584:in
407:of
298:OPP
143:.ca
141:.qc
137:www
2129::
1491:.
1464:.
1421:^
1377:.
1359:.
1328:^
1291:.
1209:^
1179:^
1101:.
1072:.
1058:^
1040:.
1026:^
1008:.
983:.
956:.
904:.
886:^
868:.
834:^
824:.
792:.
744:.
698:^
580:,
460:.
359:,
347:,
343:,
335:,
327:,
323:,
308:,
288:,
277:.
235:.
217:.
1616:e
1609:t
1602:v
1495:.
1476:.
1303:.
1277:.
1159:.
1136:.
1113:.
1084:.
1052:.
1020:.
994:.
968:.
939:.
916:.
880:.
828:.
810:.
778:.
729:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
