60:
170:(2002) indicates that 40% to 80% of a product spill may be retained in soils as residual product". The Department of Environmental Conservation's website states that petroleum companies participating in the cleanup have used a Free Product Recovery System for groundwater, rather than the soils.
208:, ExxonMobil's testing indicates that the existence of oil vapors remains unclear: "This summer, a contractor for Exxon Mobil conducted a soil vapor study in Greenpoint. It took ten samples from a residential area; of five samples that detected
196:
columnist Tom
Gilbert wrote, "This stands to reason, as the spilled oil tends to lie deep underground, capped by a nearly impermeable layer of clay." Soil vapor tests by both the DEC and the non-profit environmental organization
181:". The study also said, "A review of the data collected by the NYSDEC shows that, in general, chemicals were detected at all locations in each home, but not in a pattern that would typically represent a
154:
on the spill raised the estimated size of the contaminated area to 100 acres (0.40 km) and the estimated spillage volume to 30 million US gallons (110,000 m), three times larger than the
91:) used the refining facilities until 1966 and later operated a bulk petroleum storage facility and a distribution terminal on the site until 1993. Other petroleum companies operating in the area were
587:
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143:. Environmentalist organizations have said that there was little effort until the early 1990s and have labelled the clean up operations "rudimentary". In January 2006 the
119:
helicopter on a routine patrol discovered a plume of oil flowing in the creek, originating from a bulkhead at Meeker Avenue. A subsequent study revealed the large-scale
177:'s (EPA) "Newtown Creek/Greenpoint Oil Spill Study Brooklyn, New York" states that vapor concentrations in "some commercial establishments" were found "above the
189:
144:
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The first pumps were installed at the site in late 1979, and recovery efforts have increased over the years. The pump systems are operated by the site owners
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facilities over a period of several decades. The spill was first noticed in 1978, and soil vapor tests were still reported as returning positive in 2008.
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report tested residential blocks above the spill area concluded that there is no evidence of either oil or dangerous vapors seeping into people's homes.
240:
and
Chevron in Brooklyn State Supreme Court, alleging they have suffered adverse health consequences. ExxonMobil asserts that the oil was spilled by
147:, backed by the involved companies, asserted that 9 million US gallons (34,000 m) of spilled oil had been recovered and cleaned up.
524:
364:
174:
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123:, which was estimated in excess of 50 acres (0.20 km) and a spillage volume of more than 17 million US gallons (64,000 m).
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A New York State
Department of Health study, completed in May 2007, indicated that no vapor was coming from the spill into homes. The
47:, between 17 and 30 million US gallons (64,000 and 114,000 m) of oil and petroleum products have leaked into the soil from
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from the 1840s, and by 1870 boasted more than 50 petroleum processing plants, many of which were incorporated into the
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operation, which is located in the predominantly commercial/industrial eastern section of
Greenpoint near the
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have confirmed the presence of pollutants in the ground, leading to several lawsuits against ExxonMobil.
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436:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Remediation/Recovery History. Archived from
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159:. The report also criticized the recovery efforts and a recent slowdown of the clean up.
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541:"Greenpoint, Maspeth Residents Lobby To Get 55-Year-Old Oil Spill Cleaned Up"
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Decades-long period of severe pollution in
Newtown Creek, New York City, USA
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452:"Dept of Health Study confirms no vapors from 50 Year Old Oil Spill"
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316:"Facts on the History, Greenpoint Brooklyn Remediation Project"
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84:
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On
October 20, 2005, local residents within the area of the
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towards the end of the century. Standard Oil's successors (
494:"New York Moves Towards Suit Over a 50-Year-Old Oil Spill"
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388:"Exxon Mobil Cleanup Effort Continues on Brooklyn Spill"
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New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
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New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
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New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
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67:The areas of the northeast industrial section of
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365:United States Environmental Protection Agency
244:. In 2006 Chevron was dropped from the case.
152:United States Environmental Protection Agency
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434:"Greenpoint Petroleum Remediation Project"
357:"Newtown Creek/Greenpoint Oil Spill Study"
310:
308:
291:"Greenpoint Petroleum Remediation Project"
573:http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/38605.html
492:Confessore, Nicholas (February 9, 2007).
232:Industrial Park, filed a lawsuit against
216:at a level below 5.4 parts per billion."
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408:"Greenpoint Oil Spill on Newtown Creek"
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127:Cleanup efforts and seepage mitigation
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539:Berman, Russell (November 18, 2005).
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212:, one was from an area above the oil
368:. September 12, 2007. Archived from
652:1978 disasters in the United States
518:Leibach, Julie (January 24, 2007).
13:
454:. Neighborhood Roots. May 30, 2007
254:
14:
678:
561:
473:Gilbert, Tom (October 27, 2007).
386:Walker, Dalton (July 19, 2007).
266:"An Oil Spill Grows in Brooklyn"
637:Environment of New York (state)
627:Oil spills in the United States
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175:Environmental Protection Agency
164:Environmental Protection Agency
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1:
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168:American Petroleum Institute
7:
10:
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632:Disasters in New York City
475:"Is G'point good for you?"
117:United States Coast Guard
150:In 2007 a report by the
657:1978 in the environment
111:Discovery of the spill
64:
23:is one of the largest
647:1978 in New York City
642:ExxonMobil oil spills
603:40.72833°N 73.93861°W
440:on November 24, 2007.
375:on November 27, 2007.
204:As reported by NYU's
179:Upper Explosive Limit
115:In September 1978, a
62:
27:ever recorded in the
667:Greenpoint, Brooklyn
568:http://www.gwapp.org
332:on December 7, 2008.
139:and, more recently,
49:crude oil processing
21:Greenpoint oil spill
608:40.72833; -73.93861
599: /
301:on August 29, 2010.
55:History of the area
578:2008-07-06 at the
520:"Black Mayonnaise"
498:The New York Times
479:The Brooklyn Paper
393:The New York Times
270:The New York Times
157:Exxon Valdez spill
121:soil contamination
81:Standard Oil Trust
75:were home to oil
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662:1970s in Brooklyn
553:on March 2, 2006.
230:East Williamsburg
31:. Located around
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264:(May 14, 2010).
262:Prud'homme, Alex
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162:According to an
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456:. Retrieved
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438:the original
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416:. Retrieved
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370:the original
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327:the original
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299:the original
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273:. Retrieved
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226:oil recovery
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166:study, "the
161:
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130:
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20:
18:
606: /
525:ScienceLine
412:Riverkeeper
242:Paragon Oil
206:ScienceLine
199:Riverkeeper
101:Paragon Oil
621:Categories
594:73°56′19″W
591:40°43′42″N
458:October 6,
418:October 6,
323:ExxonMobil
248:References
234:ExxonMobil
220:Litigation
133:ExxonMobil
89:ExxonMobil
87:and later
77:refineries
69:Greenpoint
37:Greenpoint
25:oil spills
576:Archived
503:June 17,
41:Brooklyn
275:May 17,
210:benzene
35:in the
99:) and
71:along
373:(PDF)
360:(PDF)
330:(PDF)
319:(PDF)
214:plume
93:Amoco
85:Mobil
505:2023
460:2023
420:2023
277:2010
19:The
107:).
623::
543:.
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477:.
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390:.
362:.
338:^
321:.
307:^
293:.
268:.
238:BP
236:,
188:A
137:BP
135:,
97:BP
43:,
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