32:
48:
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2045:(INDC) in 2016 will likely be met, but are not enough to properly combat global warming. China also established 10 binding environmental targets in its Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). These include an aim to reduce carbon intensity by 18% by 2020, as well as a binding target for renewable energy at 15% of total energy, raised from under 12% in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan also set, for the first time, a cap on total energy use from all sources: no more than 5 billion tons of coal through 2020.
2071:
331:
238:
1550:
319:
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largest source of GHG emissions in China, and landfills and incineration still dominate municipal waste disposal in China. As a result of the
Chinese government's policy of mandatory waste separation in 11 prefectural-level cities, the GHG emissions from waste disposal are decreasing at an efficiency of 0.1% per year, which is effective, but the implementation of waste separation needs to be strengthened. Most municipal solid waste is sent to landfill.
5509:
214:. According to estimates provided by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, China's carbon dioxide emissions in 2006 amounted to 6.2 billion tons, and the United States' co-production in the same year was 5.8 billion tons. In 2006, China's carbon dioxide emissions were 8 percent higher than America's, the agency said. The U.S. emitted 2% more carbon dioxide in 2005 than China. China ratified the
1826:, scientific study, and public awareness. By 2020, China plans to reduce carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent compared to 2005 levels, raise the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to 15%, and increase forest area and stock volume by 40 million hectares and 1.3 million m3, respectively, compared to 2005 levels.
1526:, China's energy consumption was 430,000 (10,000 tons of Standard Coal Equivalent), including 64% coal, 18.1% crude oil, 5.9% natural gas, 12.0% primary electricity, and other energy. Since 2011, the percentage of coal has decreased, and the percentage of crude oil, natural gas, primary electricity, and other energy have increased.
1789:
This Act outlines the responsibilities of the government, businesses, and other users in the production and use of renewable energy. It includes policies and targets relating to mandatory grid connectivity, market control legislation, differentiated pricing, special funds, and tax reliefs, as well as
1729:
emissions will peak around 2030. This is because in many areas such as infrastructure, housing, commercial building, appliances per household, fertilizers, and cement production a maximum intensity will be reached and replacement will take the place of new demand. The 2030 emissions peak also became
1628:
China also produces large amounts of greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the process of treating waste. In the 2022 Climate Trace statistics, waste treatment accounts for 7.06% of China's total greenhouse gas emissions. Waste disposal is the fourth
159:
by 2060. China continues to build coal-fired power stations in 2020 and promised to "phase down" coal use from 2026. According to various analysis, China is estimated to overachieve its renewable energy capacity and emission reduction goals early, but long-term plans are still required to combat the
1989:
Energy efficiency improvements have somewhat offset increases in energy output as China continues to develop. Since 2006, the
Chinese government has increased export taxes on energy-inefficient industries, reduced import tariffs on certain non-renewable energy resources, and closed down a number of
1858:
The 13th Five Year Plan published the strategy and pathway for China's development during 2016-2020 and set specific environmental and productivity goals. Peak goals for carbon emissions, energy use, and water use were established in the 13th Five Year Plan. It also stated objectives for increasing
1813:
The strategy established clear guidelines and principles for adapting to and mitigating climate change. It includes interventions such as early-warning identification and information-sharing systems at the national and regional levels, an ocean disaster monitoring system, and coastal restoration to
1734:
emissions were predicted to peak in 2033; in an "Accelerated
Improvement Scenario" they were predicted to peak in 2027. China also established 10 binding environmental targets in its Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). These include an aim to reduce carbon intensity by 18% by 2020, as well as a
309:
capacities, which largely covered the increased demand for electricity, coupled with a downturn in the property sector that resulted in lower emissions from industries like steel and cement manufacturing. However, several challenges remain, including the technical difficulties of integrating solar
2019:
China is the world leader in renewable energy deployment, with more than twice the ability of any other nation. China accounted for 43% of global renewable energy capacity additions in 2018. For decades, hydropower has been a major source of energy in China. In the last ten years, wind and solar
1980:
The
Chinese government has strategically promoted Eco-Cities in China as a policy measure for addressing rising greenhouse gas emissions resulting from China's rapid urbanization and industrialization. These projects seek to blend green technologies and sustainable infrastructure to build large,
359:
Power is estimated as the largest emitter, with 27% of greenhouse gases produced in 2020 generated by the power sector. Most electricity in China comes from coal, which accounted for 65% of the electricity generation mix in 2019. Electricity generation by renewables has been increasing, with the
284:
emissions reached a record high: nearly 12 billion metric tons. Additionally, China's carbon emissions during the first quarter of 2021 were higher than in the first quarters of both 2019 and 2020. Temporary reductions in carbon emissions due to lockdowns and initial economic relief efforts have
1843:
The aim of this law is to preserve and improve the environment, prevent and regulate air pollution, protect public health, advance ecological civilization, and promote economic and social growth that is sustainable. It demands that robust emission control initiatives be implemented against the
1804:
The 12th Five-Year Plan sought to make domestic consumption and development more economically equitable and environmentally friendly. It also shifted the economy's focus away from heavy industry and resource-intensive manufacturing and into a more consumer-driven, resource-efficient economy.
1730:
China's pledge at the Paris COP21 summit. Carbon emission intensity may decrease as policies become strengthened and more effectively implemented, including by more effective financial incentives, and as less carbon intensive energy supplies are deployed. In a "baseline" computer model CO
1949:
China also has a policy of forestry carbon credits. Forestry carbon credits are based on the measurement of forest growth, which is converted into carbon emission reduction measurements by government ecological and forestry offices. Owners of forests (who are typically rural families or
4297:
1768:
The aim of this law was to conserve and rationally exploit forest resources. It accelerated territorial afforestation and cultivation while also ensuring forest product management, production, and supply in order to meet socialist construction requirements.
300:
In 2024, China recorded a 3% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the previous year. This development suggests that emissions might have peaked sooner than the 2030 target initially set. The reduction was largely attributed to an expansion in
3546:
5464:
1781:, especially for key energy-using institutions, as well as to encourage energy efficiency and energy-saving technology. The legislation allowed the government to promote and facilitate the use of renewable energy in a variety of applications.
1990:
inefficient power and industrial plants. In 2009, for example, for every two new plants (in terms of energy generation capacity) built, one inefficient plant was closed. China is unique in its closing of so many inefficient plants.
3889:
5474:
1834:
This plan aimed to reduce China's high energy consumption per unit of GDP through a series of steps and mandatory goals, encouraging more productive, self-sufficient, renewable, and creative energy production and consumption.
249:
In 2019, China is estimated to have emitted 27% of the world's greenhouse gases, followed by the US with 11%, then India with 6.6%. By 2020, China produced 64% to 66% of global emissions for the two potent greenhouse gases of
5388:
1981:
environmentally friendly cities nationwide. The government has launched three programs to incentivize cities to undertake eco-city construction, encouraging hundreds of cities to announce plans for eco-city developments.
4287:
5433:
3445:
112:
in 2023, 35% of the world total. When measuring in consumption-based terms, which adds emissions associated with imported goods and extracts those associated with exported goods, China accounted for 13 gigatonnes
4026:
5041:
5223:
5469:
1670:
The annual amount of coal plant capacity being retired increased into the mid-2010s. However, the rate of retirement has since stalled, and global coal phase-out is not yet compatible with the goals of the
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1537:. In 2016, China's greenhouse gas emissions accounted for 26% of total global emissions. The energy industry has been the biggest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions since the last decade.
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5423:
5373:
5328:
5308:
4330:
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2738:
2020:
power have risen significantly. Renewables accounted for approximately a quarter of China's electricity generation in 2018, with 18% coming from hydropower, 5% from wind, and 3% from solar.
5313:
5293:
5178:
5168:
4142:
5278:
5258:
5248:
5208:
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4821:
3881:
2676:
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5403:
5363:
5338:
5318:
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136:
also puts China's per capita emissions at over the world and EU averages but less than the U.S. and Canada. Accounting for historic emissions, OECD countries produced four times more CO
3024:
5323:
5288:
5243:
2263:
4084:
3668:
2635:
2151:
3738:
4227:
3691:
Shared attribution: Global Energy
Monitor, CREA, E3G, Reclaim Finance, Sierra Club, SFOC, Kiko Network, CAN Europe, Bangladesh Groups, ACJCE, Chile Sustentable (5 April 2023).
1687:
In parallel with retirement of some coal plant capacity, other coal plants are still being added, though the annual amount of added capacity has been declining since the 2010s.
4265:
3943:
3430:
3914:
2321:
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As of 2019, the country's greenhouse gas emissions exceeded the combined emissions of the developed world. China's per capita emissions correspond to over 10.1 tonnes CO
4018:
3855:
5048:
2950:
2840:
1903:
to reduce emissions or purchase emission allowances from other emitters. Through this scheme, China will limit emissions while allowing economic freedom for emitters.
4113:
4418:
72:
1917:, and covers 40% of China's emissions, which is 15% of world emissions. China was able to gain experience in drafting and implementation of an ETS plan from the
280:
reduced China's greenhouse gas emissions by "about a quarter," as reported in
February 2020. Nonetheless, for the year April 1, 2020 – March 31, 2021, China's CO
3748:
3699:
3678:
3997:
2112:
4743:
1918:
2464:
1859:
industry productivity, removing obsolete or overcapacity production facilities, increasing renewable energy production, and improving green infrastructure.
4603:
2972:
4871:
4355:
3968:
3254:
2214:
1799:
3062:
285:
limited long-term consequences, while the future direction of fiscal stimulus plays a more significant role in influencing long-term carbon emissions.
277:
3213:
2918:
1529:
China experienced an increase in electricity demand and usage in 2017 as the economy accelerated. According to the
Climate Data Explorer published by
4717:
4171:
3119:"How do China's lockdown and post-COVID-19 stimuli impact carbon emissions and economic output? Retrospective estimates and prospective trajectories"
2347:
1900:
4320:
2728:
2438:
1909:(GHG) and many major Chinese cities had severe air pollution through the 2010s, with the situation improving in the 2020s. The scheme is run by the
3716:
2886:
4926:
4813:
3823:
3720:
2657:
4201:
3376:
4573:
2759:
4501:
4134:
3012:
2084:
1906:
129:
31:
4968:
5533:
2253:
356:, Chinese state coal production accounts for 14% of historic global emissions, more than double the proportion of the former Soviet Union.
19:
This article is about greenhouse gas emissions by China, and their mitigation. For everything else related to climate change in China, see
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China experienced the largest increase in emissions at approximately 565 million tonnes in 2023, exacerbated by a historic decrease in
3802:
4223:
3633:
1844:
pollution caused by the burning of coal, industrial production, motor vehicles and vessels, dust as well as agricultural activities.
1581:
4846:
4249:
53:
Cumulatively over time, China is the second-largest contributor nation to global economic damage from emissions, following the U.S.
3910:
2311:
1584:'s chart, there is no downward trend at all. Industrial production accounts for 22.76% of all China's GHG emissions in the latest
5413:
5273:
5268:
5163:
3612:
3276:
1938:
3515:
3347:
2707:
1913:, which eventually plans to limit emissions from six of China's top carbon dioxide emitting industries. In 2021 it started with
5283:
5183:
4998:
3935:
3192:
2804:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1523:
276:
A temporary slowdown in manufacturing, construction, transportation, and overall economic activity during the beginning of the
47:
3084:
2590:
2127:
1735:
binding target for renewable energy at 15% of total energy, raised from under 12% in the
Twelfth Five-Year Plan. According to
297:, pushing its per capita emissions 15% higher than those in advanced economies, according to the International Energy Agency.
5233:
4616:
4545:
4537:
3859:
1722:
259:
234:
since 2013 to 2016. However, China, the United States and India, the three biggest coal users, increased coal mining in 2017.
219:
2940:
5298:
5198:
5140:
3318:
2855:
155:
in 2016 will likely be met, but are not enough to combat global warming. China has committed to peak emissions by 2030 and
4943:
2551:
2516:
5398:
1910:
1875:
in 2010, to come into effect in 2012 or 2013. The tax was never passed; in
February 2021 the government instead set up a
271:
4551:
1561:
310:
energy into the existing power grid and a continued dependence on coal, which experienced a 2% increase in use in 2023.
5443:
5378:
5343:
1926:
1695:
148:
5253:
5228:
4740:"Developer-led new eco-cities in China - identification, assessment and solution of environmental issues in planning"
3744:
3692:
3674:
3281:
1694:
China is implementing some policies to mitigate climate change, most of which aim to constrain coal consumption. The
364:
1914:
5538:
5238:
3989:
2104:
1755:
contained key climate- and energy-related ideas for energy transition and global efforts to tackle climate change.
1933:. In July 2021, permits were being handed out for free rather than auctioned, and the market price per tonne of CO
1895:
is an intensity-based trading system for carbon dioxide emissions by China, which started operating in 2021. This
1664:
3771:
2401:
4868:
3244:
1681:
1740:
4680:
de Jong, Martin; Yu, Chang; Joss, Simon; Wennersten, Ronald; Yu, Li; Zhang, Xiaoling; Ma, Xin (2016-10-15).
3046:
1650:
3882:"Report: New solar is cheaper to build than to run existing coal plants in China, India and most of Europe"
2908:
4163:
3964:
3117:
Shao, Shuai; Wang, Chang; Feng, Kuo; Guo, Yue; Feng, Fan; Shan, Yuli; Meng, Jing; Chen, Shiyi (May 2022).
4905:
3313:
3187:
2430:
2316:
1922:
1868:
1596:
Cement is estimated to be 15% of emissions but only a tenth of companies are reporting data as of 2021.
211:
68:
37:
China has the most total annual emissions (area of rectangle) of any nation, and has higher than average
5066:
Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie M.; et al. (2019).
2876:
5023:
4681:
4439:
3833:
3609:"Sustainable waste management for zero waste cities in China: potential, challenges and opportunities"
2030:
are seen as the main nuclear power technology which allows much more efficient use of fuel resources.
1899:(ETS) creates a carbon market where emitters can buy and sell emission credits. The scheme will allow
3766:
1999:
1823:
1752:
1718:
below 2005 levels. China has surpassed solar deployment and wind energy deployment targets for 2020.
1580:
In terms of industrial production, China creates 1.26 Gt of greenhouse gases in 2020 and, judging by
1530:
102:
4764:
4193:
3368:
1710:
supply. If China successfully reached NDC's targets, the GHG emissions level would be 12.8–14.3 GtCO
67:
are the world's highest in absolute terms, accounting for 35% of the world's total according to the
5155:
5133:
4581:
4325:
4292:
1853:
1534:
335:
64:
4493:
188:
emissions in China and the rest of world have eclipsed the output of the United States and Europe.
132:, with its 17.6 tonnes per person, according to a 2021 analysis by the Rhodium Group. Analysis by
4960:
1654:
20:
3797:
2799:
1951:
1743:
from new large-scale solar power has been below existing coal-fired power stations since 2021.
353:
118:
3569:"The Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in China's Transportation Sector: A Spatial Analysis"
3537:"Analysis: China's steel industry consolidation gathers pace, to aid output and emission cuts"
4751:
2913:
2076:
230:. As the world's largest coal producer and consumer country, China experienced a decrease in
4814:"China Leads Major Countries With $ 34.6 Billion Invested in Clean Technology - NYTimes.com"
3400:
1612:
Transport was estimated in 2021 to be less than 10% of the country's emissions but growing.
5079:
4739:
4693:
4641:"Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review"
4386:
3483:
3130:
2174:
2027:
3853:
ChinaFAQs: China's Energy and Carbon
Emissions Outlook to 2050, ChinaFAQs on 12 May 2011,
2431:"China's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Exceeded the Developed World for the First Time in 2019"
1822:
The National Plan For Tackling Climate Change is a national law that includes prevention,
1604:
Steel is estimated at 15% to 20% of emissions and consolidation of the industry may help.
8:
5453:
5126:
1975:
1778:
347:
83:
5083:
4842:
4697:
4390:
3487:
3134:
2178:
1925:(CDM). China's national ETS is the largest of its kind, and will help China achieve its
4880:
4795:
3792:
3507:
3159:
3118:
2192:
1715:
251:
128:
emitted per person each year, over the world average and the EU average but lower than
3608:
1966:
Vehicles account for around 8% of the heat-trapping gases released annually in China.
172:
5508:
5107:
4920:
4799:
4709:
4662:
4639:
Hunter, Garfield Wayne; Sagoe, Gideon; Vettorato, Daniele; Jiayu, Ding (2019-08-11).
4612:
4541:
4374:
4257:
3710:
3590:
3511:
3499:
3469:
3339:
3164:
3146:
3054:
2982:
2697:
2668:
2627:
2585:
2546:
2474:
2224:
2196:
1896:
367:, the Chinese power sector is estimated to hit the carbon emission peak around 2029.
141:
133:
121:, Chinese state coal production alone accounts for 14% of historic global emissions.
4990:
3182:
2794:
2033:
China has also dictated energy standards for lighting and gas kilometrage for cars.
1838:
5118:
5097:
5087:
4787:
4701:
4688:. Special Volume: Transitions to Sustainable Consumption and Production in Cities.
4652:
4394:
3580:
3491:
3474:
3154:
3138:
2576:
2182:
2119:
1638:
255:
231:
4791:
4705:
4947:
4875:
3856:"ChinaFAQs: China's Energy and Carbon Emissions Outlook to 2050 | ChinaFAQs"
2945:
2881:
2120:"List of the populations of the world's countries, dependencies, and territories"
1930:
1672:
1533:, China, the European Union, and the U.S. contributed to more than 50% of global
223:
152:
4440:"China's Battle Against Air Pollution: An Update | Council on Foreign Relations"
3308:
2284:
2254:"Analysis: China's carbon emissions grow at fastest rate for more than a decade"
2070:
330:
5102:
4940:
4682:"Eco city development in China: addressing the policy implementation challenge"
4398:
3495:
3369:"2017 electricity & other energy statistics | China Energy Portal | 中国能源门户"
3218:
3142:
2733:
2572:
2541:
2537:
2506:
2352:
2312:"The changing landscape of global emissions – CO2 Emissions in 2023 – Analysis"
2187:
2162:
1707:
227:
215:
161:
140:
in cumulative emissions than China, due to developed countries' early start in
109:
97:
When measuring production-based emissions, China emitted over 12.6 gigatonnes (
87:
5092:
5067:
3585:
3568:
1814:
protect water supplies, reduce soil erosion, and improve disaster prevention.
5527:
5502:
5111:
5042:
China's New Growth Pathway: From the 14th Five-Year Plan to Carbon Neutrality
4713:
4666:
4528:
4261:
3594:
3541:
3150:
3058:
2986:
2672:
2663:
2631:
2622:
2478:
2396:
2228:
2023:
1808:
1585:
245:
emissions in China are rising but still much lower than in the United States.
204:
197:
79:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4350:
4348:
3990:"Renewable Energy Act (Legis... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World)"
3824:"China greenhouse gas emissions soar 50% during 2005-2014 - government data"
1620:
Agriculture accounts for 7.65% of China's greenhouse gas emissions in 2022.
4375:"China launches world's largest carbon market: but is it ambitious enough?"
4321:"Turnover of China's carbon trading scheme to reach US$ 15 billion in 2030"
4135:"Law on the Prevention and C... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
4106:"Energy Development Strategy... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
4077:"National Plan For Tackling ... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
4048:"The National Strategy for C... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
4019:"12th Five-Year Plan for the... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
3936:"Forest Law of the People's ... - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
3503:
3245:"China doubles new renewable capacity in 2020; still builds thermal plants"
3168:
2977:
2469:
2258:
2219:
2062:
2009:
2005:
1736:
237:
3665:"Retired Coal-fired Power Capacity by Country / Global Coal Plant Tracker"
5512:
4481:
4405:
4345:
2877:"It Didn't Take Long for China to Fill America's Shoes on Climate Change"
2013:
1945:
but better compared to the US, which has no formal cap-and-trade program.
1703:
306:
2465:"Just 57 companies linked to 80% of greenhouse gas emissions since 2016"
1817:
1549:
5065:
4939:
Nuclear Power in China, Updated March 2012, World Nuclear Association,
4657:
4640:
3659:
3657:
2827:
1872:
302:
294:
4778:
Hager, Robert P. (5 October 2016). "Steven W. Hook and John Spanier".
3735:"New Coal-fired Power Capacity by Country / Global Coal Plant Tracker"
1829:
1763:
318:
180:
3761:
2973:"China's emissions of two potent greenhouse gases rise 78% in decade"
2387:
2215:"Methane emissions from coalmines could stoke climate crisis – study"
2144:"Nearly $ 2tn of damage inflicted on other countries by US emissions"
176:
China greenhouse emissions by type of greenhouse gas from 1990 - 2016
114:
98:
3965:"Energy Conservation Law - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
3654:
2729:"China on Track to Blow Past Xi's Clean Power Goal Five Years Early"
2658:"China aims to cut its net carbon-dioxide emissions to zero by 2060"
4288:"China's national carbon trading scheme marks one-year anniversary"
2764:
emissions fall but policies still not aligned with long-term goals"
2702:
2511:
156:
4530:
The Idea of China: Chinese Thinkers on Power, Progress, and People
3214:"China's Falling Emissions Signal Peak Carbon May Already Be Here"
360:
construction of wind and solar plants doubling from 2019 to 2020.
164:
and meeting the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets.
4897:
3828:
3638:
3249:
2768:
2348:"China's Emissions Now Exceed All the Developed World's Combined"
1839:
Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (2016)
130:
the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the United States
5047:(Report). Energy Foundation China. December 2020. Archived from
4164:"13th Five-Year Plan - China - Climate Change Laws of the World"
1522:
According to the 2016 Chinese Statistical Yearbook published by
4527:
Bachulska, Alicja; Leonard, Mark; Oertel, Janka (2 July 2024).
2617:"To prevent catastrophic global warming, China must hang tough"
2507:"Report: China emissions exceed all developed nations combined"
1942:
3693:"Boom and Bust Coal / Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline"
3277:"China's Top Industries Can Peak Collective Emissions in 2025"
2941:"Coal on the rise in China, U.S., India after major 2016 drop"
4312:
1702:
emissions by 2030 in the latest, and increase the use of non-
193:
60:
4465:"China Will Start the World's Largest Carbon Trading Market"
2161:
Callahan, Christopher W.; Mankin, Justin S. (12 July 2022).
144:. Overall, China is a net exporter of greenhouse emissions.
3684:
2008:
and other renewable energy technologies and produces more
1809:
The National Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation (2013)
372:
Evolution of CO2 emissions by sector in China, 2000 - 2021
4638:
3013:"Analysis: Coronavirus has temporarily reduced China's CO
265:
4494:"China's carbon market scheme too limited, say analysts"
3429:
Olivier, J.G.J.; Schure, K.M.; Peters, J.A.H.W. (2017).
2105:"Historical GHG Emissions / Global Historical Emissions"
2097:
4679:
4224:"China ministries propose carbon tax from 2012 -report"
4194:"China ministries propose carbon tax from 2012 -report"
3911:"The 14th Five Year Plan: what ideas are on the table?"
3634:"China unveils action plan to reduce methane emissions"
1641:. China produces over 14% of global methane emissions.
117:) or 25% of global emissions in 2019. According to the
4526:
3470:"Concrete needs to lose its colossal carbon footprint"
2823:
2821:
5024:"Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to UN"
4611:. New York: Columbia Center on Global Energy Policy.
1919:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1818:
National Plan For Tackling Climate Change (2014-2020)
5148:
2163:"National attribution of historical climate damages"
2052:
16:
Emissions of gases harmful to the climate from China
3428:
2818:
1830:
Energy Development Strategy Action Plan (2014-2020)
1764:
Forest Law of the People's Republic of China (1998)
4279:
2656:
2615:
2536:
2026:is planned to be rapidly expanded. By mid-century
1847:
1793:
1790:a target of 15 percent renewable energy by 2020.
1772:
1698:(NDC) of China set goals and committed to peak CO
5525:
3435:and total greenhouse gas emissions: 2017 Report"
2342:
2340:
2338:
2134:
1800:12th Five-Year Plan (People's Republic of China)
203:annually. In 2023, China produced 35% of global
4961:"China Fears Warming Effects of Consumer Wants"
4462:
3442:PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
3116:
75:are lower than some major developed countries.
2698:"Why China's climate policy matters to us all"
2160:
1784:
5134:
3047:"The Coronavirus's Lesson for Climate Change"
2335:
2085:List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions
4941:http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf63.html
4869:China leads global race to make clean energy
3715:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2581:emissions compare when we adjust for trade?"
1706:energy carriers, taking up 20% of the total
4925:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4419:"China's National Emissions Trading System"
2851:Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
2043:Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
5141:
5127:
3719:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3010:
2540:; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (2020-05-11).
2428:
78:Greenhouse gas emissions stem mainly from
5101:
5091:
4656:
4574:"CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2018"
4250:"Can China's new carbon market take off?"
3584:
3158:
2429:Larsen, Kate; Pitt, Hannah (6 May 2021).
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2186:
2004:China is the world's leading investor in
1937:e was around RMB 50, roughly half of the
1651:Climate change in China § Mitigation
220:non-Annex B party without binding targets
4958:
4891:
4889:
4861:
4601:
3085:"China's construction boom is sending CO
2690:
329:
317:
236:
179:
171:
94:emissions are from the burning of coal.
4522:
4520:
4518:
4426:Global Economic Policy and Institutions
4372:
3274:
3044:
2970:
2571:
2212:
1637:China is by far the largest emitter of
313:
5526:
4991:"The 13th Five-Year Plan | U.S.-CHINA"
4971:from the original on 27 September 2019
4898:"Renewables 2019 Global Status Report"
4416:
4226:. Alibaba News. Reuters. 10 May 2010.
4191:
3879:
3395:
3393:
2415:
2141:
1921:(UNFCCC), where China was part of the
1893:Chinese national carbon trading scheme
1885:Chinese national carbon trading scheme
1777:The aim of this law was to strengthen
266:Impact of 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak
5122:
4886:
4777:
4538:European Council on Foreign Relations
2909:"China's coal consumption has peaked"
2610:
2608:
2501:
2499:
2462:
2458:
2456:
1723:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1524:China's National Bureau of Statistics
1517:
260:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4843:"China steams ahead on clean energy"
4515:
4204:from the original on 29 January 2011
3698:. Global Energy Monitor. p. 3.
3566:
3332:
3175:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2306:
2304:
2208:
2206:
1984:
1862:
1632:
1544:
341:
5534:Greenhouse gas emissions by country
4731:
4673:
4632:
4595:
4318:
4285:
4230:from the original on 5 October 2011
3785:
3754:
3741:from the original on 19 March 2023.
3390:
1993:
1911:Ministry of Ecology and Environment
1907:largest emitter of greenhouse gases
272:COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China
90:producing iron and steel. 79% of CO
73:per capita greenhouse gas emissions
13:
4983:
4867:Bradsher, Keith, 30 January 2010,
4737:
3705:from the original on 7 April 2023.
3671:from the original on 9 April 2023.
3183:"CO2 Emissions in 2023 – Analysis"
3082:
2938:
2932:
2907:Lu, Qi Ye and Jiaqi (2018-01-22).
2906:
2900:
2869:
2845:emissions; USA in second position"
2605:
2542:"CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
2496:
2453:
2154:from the original on 12 July 2022.
2130:from the original on 26 June 2021.
2016:each year than any other country.
1958:) which are tradeable securities.
1927:Nationally Determined Contribution
1714:e in 2030, reducing 64% to 70% of
1696:Nationally Determined Contribution
149:nationally determined contribution
14:
5550:
4895:
4849:from the original on 2 April 2010
4554:from the original on 17 July 2024
3567:Xu, Xingbo; Xu, Haicheng (2021).
3340:"China Statistical Yearbook-2016"
3309:"China - Countries & Regions"
3289:from the original on 18 July 2023
3282:Natural Resources Defense Council
3275:Schmidt, Jake (18 January 2022).
2593:from the original on 12 June 2023
2441:from the original on 17 June 2021
2371:
2301:
2285:"China - Countries & Regions"
2203:
2115:from the original on 21 May 2021.
1758:
1607:
1599:
365:Natural Resources Defense Council
5507:
5498:
5497:
5149:Greenhouse gas emissions by Asia
4746:from the original on 2023-05-30.
4628:from the original on 2022-02-27.
4362:from the original on 2019-06-03.
4333:from the original on 2 June 2024
4300:from the original on 2 June 2024
4268:from the original on 6 July 2021
3011:Myllyvirta, Lauri (2020-02-19).
2939:Daigle, Matthew Brown and Katy.
2069:
2055:
2041:The targets laid out in China's
1883:This section is an excerpt from
1725:report predicted that Chinese CO
1680:
1663:
1548:
288:
147:The targets laid out in China's
46:
30:
5001:from the original on 2018-11-14
4959:Bradsher, Keith (4 July 2010).
4952:
4933:
4908:from the original on 2021-06-05
4835:
4824:from the original on 2010-03-28
4806:
4771:
4720:from the original on 2024-06-02
4605:Guide to Chinese Climate Policy
4566:
4504:from the original on 2021-07-16
4456:
4432:
4366:
4242:
4216:
4185:
4174:from the original on 2021-09-27
4156:
4145:from the original on 2021-08-04
4127:
4116:from the original on 2024-06-02
4098:
4087:from the original on 2021-09-19
4069:
4058:from the original on 2021-09-24
4040:
4029:from the original on 2021-09-19
4011:
4000:from the original on 2021-04-22
3982:
3971:from the original on 2021-09-17
3957:
3946:from the original on 2021-09-19
3928:
3917:from the original on 2021-09-28
3903:
3892:from the original on 2021-09-25
3880:Runyon, Jennifer (2021-06-23).
3873:
3847:
3816:
3805:from the original on 2018-04-04
3774:from the original on 2015-11-17
3737:. Global Energy Monitor. 2023.
3727:
3667:. Global Energy Monitor. 2023.
3626:
3615:from the original on 2021-10-03
3601:
3560:
3549:from the original on 2021-10-03
3529:
3518:from the original on 2021-10-03
3462:
3451:from the original on 2019-05-19
3422:
3411:from the original on 2018-04-10
3379:from the original on 2018-04-15
3361:
3350:from the original on 2018-04-18
3321:from the original on 2024-04-27
3301:
3268:
3257:from the original on 2022-05-11
3237:
3226:from the original on 2024-05-29
3206:
3195:from the original on 2024-03-19
3110:
3099:from the original on 2021-05-21
3076:
3065:from the original on 2020-03-07
3038:
3027:from the original on 2020-03-04
3004:
2993:from the original on 2024-08-22
2964:
2953:from the original on 2018-04-18
2921:from the original on 2018-04-18
2889:from the original on 2018-03-29
2833:
2807:from the original on 2021-05-15
2787:
2776:from the original on 2023-10-11
2752:
2741:from the original on 2023-07-04
2721:
2710:from the original on 2022-03-12
2679:from the original on 2021-07-29
2649:
2638:from the original on 2019-10-04
2565:
2554:from the original on 2024-08-16
2530:
2519:from the original on 2021-05-25
2485:from the original on 2024-06-02
2404:from the original on 2021-11-12
2360:from the original on 2021-11-01
2324:from the original on 2024-08-22
2266:from the original on 2021-07-27
2235:from the original on 2019-11-15
2213:Ambrose, Jillian (2019-11-15).
2142:Milman, Oliver (12 July 2022).
1848:13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)
1794:12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)
410:Commercial and public services
382:Electricity and heat producers
326:emissions in China is from coal
167:
5465:British Indian Ocean Territory
4373:Nogrady, Bianca (2021-07-20).
4319:Xue, Yujie (2 February 2022).
2463:Watts, Jonathan (2024-04-03).
2277:
2246:
1954:) receive carbon tickets (碳票;
1773:Energy Conservation Law (2007)
1615:
258:, according to a study by the
1:
4792:10.1080/17419166.2016.1236635
4706:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.083
4686:Journal of Cleaner Production
4602:Sandalow, David (July 2018).
4192:Jiawei, Zhang (11 May 2010).
3482:(7878): 593–594. 2021-09-28.
2971:McNally, Ellen (2024-07-15).
2090:
1969:
1741:levelized cost of electricity
1644:
424:Unspecified Final Consumption
196:has been the world's largest
3832:. 2019-07-15. Archived from
3573:Frontiers in Energy Research
3373:China Energy Portal | 中国能源门户
3045:Aronoff, Kate (2020-02-20).
376:
278:2019–20 coronavirus outbreak
210:emissions, according to the
7:
5068:"Global Carbon Budget 2019"
4857:– via news.bbc.co.uk.
4463:Fialka, ClimateWire, John.
4417:Swartz, Jeff (March 2016).
4286:Xue, Yujie (16 July 2022).
3314:International Energy Agency
3188:International Energy Agency
3089:emissions through the roof"
2317:International Energy Agency
2126:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
2048:
1961:
1923:Clean Development Mechanism
1869:Chinese Ministry of Finance
1785:Renewable Energy Act (2009)
1540:
212:International Energy Agency
69:International Energy Agency
10:
5555:
5016:
4399:10.1038/d41586-021-01989-7
3743:— Global Energy Monitor's
3673:— Global Energy Monitor's
3496:10.1038/d41586-021-02612-5
3401:"全球温室气体排放数据（最新版）_中国碳排放交易网"
3143:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104328
2828:Friedlingstein et al. 2019
2188:10.1007/s10584-022-03387-y
2036:
1997:
1973:
1882:
1851:
1797:
1648:
345:
269:
18:
5493:
5452:
5412:
5154:
5093:10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019
5072:Earth System Science Data
3767:World Resources Institute
3586:10.3389/fenrg.2021.664046
3083:He, Laura (21 May 2021).
2000:Renewable energy in China
1753:fourteenth five-year plan
1746:
1591:
1531:World Resources Institute
5214:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4326:South China Morning Post
4293:South China Morning Post
2392:Emissions: China - 2020"
1854:Five-year plans of China
1623:
1535:greenhouse gas emissions
431:Other energy industries
336:coal-fired power station
65:greenhouse gas emissions
5539:Climate change in China
5475:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3017:emissions by a quarter"
2117:● Population data from
1897:emission trading scheme
1673:Paris Climate Agreement
1655:Climate policy of China
1639:methane from coal mines
21:Climate change in China
4780:Democracy and Security
4759:Cite journal requires
3886:Renewable Energy World
3798:Climate Action Tracker
2841:"China now no. 1 in CO
2800:Climate Action Tracker
2795:"China Climate Action"
1871:originally proposed a
354:Carbon Majors Database
338:
327:
246:
189:
177:
119:Carbon Majors Database
2914:Brookings Institution
2077:Global Warming portal
2028:fast neutron reactors
1877:carbon trading scheme
333:
321:
270:Further information:
240:
184:Since 2000, rising CO
183:
175:
5389:United Arab Emirates
4356:"China National ETS"
3431:"Trends in global CO
2772:. 21 November 2022.
2109:ClimateWatchData.org
314:Emissions by sources
5416:limited recognition
5103:20.500.11850/385668
5084:2019ESSD...11.1783F
4698:2016JCPro.134...31D
4536:. Berlin, Germany:
4469:Scientific American
4391:2021Natur.595..637N
3488:2021Natur.597..593.
3135:2022iSci...25j4328S
2179:2022ClCh..172...40C
1976:Eco-Cities in China
1779:energy conservation
374:
348:Coal power in China
222:, and ratified the
86:, coal mining, and
4965:The New York Times
4946:2013-02-12 at the
4881:The New York Times
4874:2019-10-11 at the
4658:10.3390/su11164342
3762:"What is an INDC?"
3642:. November 7, 2023
3405:www.tanpaifang.com
2575:(7 October 2019).
1716:emission intensity
1560:. You can help by
1518:Energy consumption
370:
339:
328:
252:tetrafluoromethane
247:
190:
178:
5521:
5520:
5458:other territories
4845:. 26 March 2010.
4738:Xu, Miao (2023).
4618:978-1-7261-8430-4
4547:978-1-916682-42-9
3913:. 7 August 2019.
3745:Summary of Tables
3675:Summary of Tables
2586:Our World in Data
2547:Our World in Data
2111:. Climate Watch.
1985:Energy efficiency
1863:Emissions trading
1751:In 2020, China's
1633:Coal mine methane
1578:
1577:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
433:
426:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
352:According to the
342:Energy production
241:The per person CO
142:industrialization
139:
134:Our World in Data
93:
5546:
5511:
5501:
5500:
5470:Christmas Island
5156:Sovereign states
5143:
5136:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5095:
5078:(4): 1783–1838.
5062:
5060:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4956:
4950:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4924:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4893:
4884:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4747:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4660:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4610:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4580:. Archived from
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4535:
4524:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4490:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4414:
4403:
4402:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4168:climate-laws.org
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4139:climate-laws.org
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4110:climate-laws.org
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4081:climate-laws.org
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4052:climate-laws.org
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4023:climate-laws.org
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3994:climate-laws.org
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3940:climate-laws.org
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3858:. Archived from
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3758:
3752:
3742:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3714:
3706:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3682:
3672:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3439:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3344:www.stats.gov.cn
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3222:. May 28, 2024.
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3051:The New Republic
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2854:. Archived from
2837:
2831:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2737:. 28 June 2023.
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2660:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2384:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2155:
2140:Chart based on:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2116:
2101:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
1994:Renewable energy
1915:its power plants
1684:
1667:
1573:
1570:
1552:
1545:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
977:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
928:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
879:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
830:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
781:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
732:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
683:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
634:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
585:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
536:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
487:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
438:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
375:
369:
334:Jiangsu Nantong
256:hexafluoroethane
232:coal consumption
137:
110:greenhouse gases
91:
50:
34:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5489:
5457:
5448:
5429:Northern Cyprus
5415:
5408:
5150:
5147:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5040:
5032:
5030:
5028:www4.unfccc.int
5022:
5019:
5014:
5013:
5004:
5002:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4957:
4953:
4948:Wayback Machine
4938:
4934:
4918:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4894:
4887:
4876:Wayback Machine
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4827:
4825:
4818:www.nytimes.com
4812:
4811:
4807:
4776:
4772:
4760:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4736:
4732:
4723:
4721:
4678:
4674:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4587:
4585:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4548:
4540:. p. 124.
4533:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4505:
4492:
4491:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4461:
4457:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4421:
4415:
4406:
4371:
4367:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4284:
4280:
4271:
4269:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4190:
4186:
4177:
4175:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4119:
4117:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4090:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4061:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4030:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3837:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3808:
3806:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3565:
3561:
3552:
3550:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3437:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3100:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3043:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2994:
2969:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2946:Chicago Tribune
2937:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2890:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2777:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2580:
2573:Ritchie, Hannah
2570:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2538:Ritchie, Hannah
2535:
2531:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2461:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2211:
2204:
2167:Climatic Change
2139:
2135:
2118:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2039:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1931:Paris Agreement
1901:carbon emitters
1888:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1775:
1766:
1761:
1749:
1733:
1728:
1713:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1657:
1647:
1635:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1588:data for 2022.
1574:
1568:
1565:
1558:needs expansion
1543:
1520:
350:
344:
325:
316:
291:
283:
274:
268:
244:
224:Paris Agreement
208:
201:
187:
170:
153:Paris Agreement
127:
106:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5552:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5063:
5038:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5011:
4982:
4951:
4932:
4885:
4860:
4834:
4805:
4786:(4): 333–337.
4770:
4761:|journal=
4730:
4672:
4645:Sustainability
4631:
4617:
4594:
4565:
4546:
4514:
4480:
4455:
4431:
4404:
4365:
4344:
4311:
4278:
4256:. 2021-02-27.
4241:
4215:
4184:
4155:
4126:
4097:
4068:
4039:
4010:
3981:
3956:
3927:
3902:
3872:
3846:
3815:
3784:
3770:. 2014-10-17.
3753:
3726:
3683:
3653:
3625:
3600:
3559:
3545:. 2021-09-07.
3542:S&P Global
3528:
3461:
3432:
3421:
3389:
3375:. 2018-02-06.
3360:
3331:
3300:
3267:
3253:. 2021-01-21.
3236:
3219:Bloomberg News
3205:
3191:. March 2024.
3174:
3109:
3086:
3075:
3037:
3014:
3003:
2963:
2931:
2899:
2868:
2842:
2832:
2817:
2786:
2761:
2751:
2734:Bloomberg News
2720:
2706:. 2021-08-08.
2689:
2648:
2626:. 2019-09-19.
2604:
2578:
2564:
2529:
2515:. 2021-05-07.
2495:
2452:
2414:
2389:
2370:
2356:. 6 May 2021.
2353:Bloomberg News
2334:
2300:
2276:
2262:. 2021-05-20.
2245:
2202:
2133:
2124:britannica.com
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2066:
2050:
2047:
2038:
2035:
1998:Main article:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1952:rural villages
1934:
1889:
1881:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Policy and Law
1757:
1748:
1745:
1731:
1726:
1711:
1708:primary energy
1699:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1608:Transportation
1606:
1601:
1600:Iron and steel
1598:
1593:
1590:
1576:
1575:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1539:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
974:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
435:
434:
427:
420:
413:
406:
399:
392:
385:
378:
343:
340:
323:
315:
312:
290:
287:
281:
267:
264:
242:
228:climate change
216:Kyoto Protocol
206:
199:
185:
169:
166:
162:climate change
125:
104:
88:blast furnaces
52:
45:
44:
36:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5551:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5504:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:South Ossetia
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5144:
5139:
5137:
5132:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5054:on 2021-04-16
5050:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4936:
4928:
4922:
4907:
4903:
4902:www.ren21.net
4899:
4892:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4774:
4766:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4607:
4606:
4598:
4584:on 2020-11-12
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4385:(7869): 637.
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4282:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4254:The Economist
4251:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3862:on 5 May 2012
3861:
3857:
3850:
3836:on 2019-09-26
3835:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3563:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3425:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3007:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2903:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2858:on 2019-07-09
2857:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2664:The Economist
2659:
2652:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2623:The Economist
2618:
2611:
2609:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2435:Rhodium Group
2432:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2397:Climate TRACE
2393:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:Nuclear power
2021:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:wind turbines
2007:
2006:wind turbines
2001:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1929:(NDC) to the
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:China is the
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1806:
1801:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1683:
1674:
1666:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1586:Climate TRACE
1583:
1582:Climate Watch
1572:
1563:
1559:
1556:This section
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
980:
976:
975:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
931:
927:
926:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
882:
878:
877:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
833:
829:
828:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
784:
780:
779:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
735:
731:
730:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
686:
682:
681:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
637:
633:
632:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
588:
584:
583:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
539:
535:
534:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
490:
486:
485:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
441:
437:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
400:
397:
393:
390:
386:
383:
379:
377:
373:
368:
366:
363:According to
361:
357:
355:
349:
337:
332:
320:
311:
308:
304:
298:
296:
289:Recent trends
286:
279:
273:
263:
261:
257:
253:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
202:
198:emitter of CO
195:
182:
174:
165:
163:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
135:
131:
122:
120:
116:
111:
107:
100:
95:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
49:
40:
33:
22:
5454:Dependencies
5384:Turkmenistan
5349:Saudi Arabia
5203:
5075:
5071:
5056:. Retrieved
5049:the original
5031:. Retrieved
5027:
5003:. Retrieved
4995:www.uscc.gov
4994:
4985:
4975:27 September
4973:. Retrieved
4964:
4954:
4935:
4910:. Retrieved
4901:
4879:
4863:
4853:27 September
4851:. Retrieved
4837:
4826:. Retrieved
4817:
4808:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4752:cite journal
4733:
4722:. Retrieved
4689:
4685:
4675:
4651:(16): 4342.
4648:
4644:
4634:
4604:
4597:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:the original
4578:IEA Webstore
4577:
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4529:
4506:. Retrieved
4497:
4472:. Retrieved
4468:
4458:
4447:. Retrieved
4443:
4434:
4425:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4335:. Retrieved
4324:
4314:
4302:. Retrieved
4291:
4281:
4270:. Retrieved
4253:
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4197:
4187:
4176:. Retrieved
4167:
4158:
4147:. Retrieved
4138:
4129:
4118:. Retrieved
4109:
4100:
4089:. Retrieved
4080:
4071:
4060:. Retrieved
4051:
4042:
4031:. Retrieved
4022:
4013:
4002:. Retrieved
3993:
3984:
3973:. Retrieved
3959:
3948:. Retrieved
3939:
3930:
3919:. Retrieved
3905:
3894:. Retrieved
3885:
3875:
3864:. Retrieved
3860:the original
3849:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:the original
3827:
3818:
3807:. Retrieved
3796:
3787:
3776:. Retrieved
3765:
3756:
3729:
3686:
3644:. Retrieved
3637:
3628:
3617:. Retrieved
3603:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3551:. Retrieved
3540:
3531:
3520:. Retrieved
3479:
3473:
3464:
3453:. Retrieved
3441:
3424:
3413:. Retrieved
3404:
3381:. Retrieved
3372:
3363:
3352:. Retrieved
3343:
3334:
3323:. Retrieved
3312:
3303:
3291:. Retrieved
3280:
3270:
3259:. Retrieved
3248:
3239:
3228:. Retrieved
3217:
3208:
3197:. Retrieved
3186:
3177:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3101:. Retrieved
3092:
3078:
3067:. Retrieved
3050:
3040:
3029:. Retrieved
3021:Carbon Brief
3020:
3006:
2995:. Retrieved
2978:The Guardian
2976:
2966:
2955:. Retrieved
2944:
2934:
2923:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2891:. Retrieved
2880:
2871:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:the original
2848:
2835:
2809:. Retrieved
2798:
2789:
2778:. Retrieved
2767:
2754:
2743:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2712:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2662:
2651:
2640:. Retrieved
2621:
2595:. Retrieved
2584:
2567:
2556:. Retrieved
2545:
2532:
2521:. Retrieved
2510:
2487:. Retrieved
2470:The Guardian
2468:
2443:. Retrieved
2434:
2406:. Retrieved
2395:
2362:. Retrieved
2351:
2326:. Retrieved
2315:
2292:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2259:Carbon Brief
2257:
2248:
2237:. Retrieved
2220:The Guardian
2218:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2148:The Guardian
2147:
2136:
2123:
2108:
2099:
2063:China portal
2040:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2014:solar panels
2003:
1988:
1979:
1965:
1955:
1948:
1890:
1866:
1857:
1842:
1833:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1788:
1776:
1767:
1750:
1737:BloombergNEF
1720:
1693:
1636:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1579:
1566:
1562:adding to it
1557:
1528:
1521:
1468:
1419:
1370:
1321:
1272:
1223:
1174:
1125:
1076:
1027:
978:
929:
880:
831:
782:
733:
684:
635:
586:
537:
488:
439:
430:
423:
416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
381:
371:
362:
358:
351:
299:
292:
275:
248:
192:Since 2006,
191:
168:Overall data
146:
123:
96:
82:, including
80:coal burning
77:
59:
38:
5513:Asia portal
5414:States with
5334:Philippines
5274:South Korea
5269:North Korea
5164:Afghanistan
4444:www.cfr.org
4198:China Daily
2760:"China's CO
1704:fossil fuel
1616:Agriculture
1569:August 2021
417:Agriculture
403:Residential
307:solar power
5528:Categories
5394:Uzbekistan
5369:Tajikistan
5284:Kyrgyzstan
5264:Kazakhstan
5184:Bangladesh
5174:Azerbaijan
5058:2020-12-16
5033:2019-10-31
5005:2018-11-20
4912:2021-04-21
4828:2019-09-27
4724:2023-06-01
4588:2021-04-21
4508:2021-07-16
4498:www.ft.com
4474:2017-05-03
4449:2024-08-19
4272:2021-07-06
4178:2021-10-03
4149:2021-10-03
4120:2021-10-03
4091:2021-10-03
4062:2021-10-03
4033:2021-10-03
4004:2021-10-03
3975:2021-10-03
3950:2021-10-03
3921:2021-10-03
3896:2021-09-25
3866:2012-05-17
3840:2019-09-26
3809:2018-04-11
3778:2018-04-11
3646:August 22,
3619:2021-10-03
3553:2021-10-03
3522:2021-10-03
3455:2019-09-27
3415:2018-04-10
3383:2018-04-15
3354:2018-04-15
3325:2024-04-27
3261:2023-02-23
3230:2024-05-28
3199:2024-03-22
3103:2021-05-21
3069:2020-03-07
3031:2020-03-07
2997:2024-07-16
2957:2018-04-11
2925:2018-04-11
2893:2018-04-10
2862:2019-09-27
2830:, Table 7.
2811:2023-07-18
2780:2023-07-18
2745:2023-07-18
2714:2021-10-03
2683:2020-09-29
2642:2019-10-04
2577:"How do CO
2558:2024-09-09
2523:2021-05-07
2489:2024-04-04
2445:1 November
2408:2021-09-27
2364:2021-11-01
2328:2024-08-22
2294:2024-09-10
2270:2021-07-07
2239:2019-11-15
2173:(40): 40.
2091:References
1974:See also:
1970:Eco-Cities
1873:carbon tax
1852:See also:
1824:adaptation
1798:See also:
1649:See also:
1645:Mitigation
346:See also:
295:hydropower
84:coal power
71:. China's
41:emissions.
39:per capita
5480:Hong Kong
5434:Palestine
5359:Sri Lanka
5354:Singapore
5234:Indonesia
5112:1866-3508
4800:151336730
4714:0959-6526
4692:: 31–41.
4667:2071-1050
4337:3 October
4304:3 October
4262:0013-0613
3595:2296-598X
3512:238218462
3151:2589-0042
3059:0028-6583
2987:0261-3077
2673:0013-0613
2632:0013-0613
2479:0261-3077
2229:0261-3077
2197:250430339
396:Transport
226:to fight
63:'s total
5503:Category
5424:Abkhazia
5374:Thailand
5329:Pakistan
5309:Mongolia
5304:Maldives
5299:Malaysia
5199:Cambodia
4999:Archived
4969:Archived
4944:Archived
4921:cite web
4906:Archived
4872:Archived
4847:Archived
4822:Archived
4744:Archived
4718:Archived
4623:Archived
4552:Archived
4502:Archived
4360:Archived
4331:Archived
4298:Archived
4266:Archived
4228:Archived
4202:Archived
4172:Archived
4143:Archived
4114:Archived
4085:Archived
4056:Archived
4027:Archived
3998:Archived
3969:Archived
3944:Archived
3915:Archived
3890:Archived
3803:Archived
3772:Archived
3739:Archived
3711:cite web
3700:Archived
3669:Archived
3613:Archived
3547:Archived
3516:Archived
3504:34584258
3446:Archived
3409:Archived
3377:Archived
3348:Archived
3319:Archived
3287:Archived
3255:Archived
3224:Archived
3193:Archived
3169:35602942
3129:(5): 2.
3123:iScience
3097:Archived
3063:Archived
3025:Archived
2991:Archived
2951:Archived
2919:Archived
2887:Archived
2805:Archived
2774:Archived
2739:Archived
2708:Archived
2703:BBC News
2677:Archived
2636:Archived
2591:Archived
2552:Archived
2517:Archived
2512:BBC News
2483:Archived
2439:Archived
2402:Archived
2358:Archived
2322:Archived
2264:Archived
2233:Archived
2157:Guardian
2152:Archived
2128:Archived
2113:Archived
2049:See also
1962:Vehicles
1956:tan piao
1941:and the
1541:Industry
1480:2832.322
1431:2852.616
1426:5376.577
1382:2795.073
1333:2790.824
1328:5071.184
1279:4705.733
1235:2859.402
1230:4410.465
1181:4266.271
1137:3094.686
1132:4389.763
1088:3068.123
1083:4347.397
1039:3042.033
1034:4076.159
990:3004.769
941:2844.073
936:3477.506
892:2601.242
887:3143.741
843:2409.719
794:2274.395
789:2930.614
740:2686.187
696:1935.745
691:2373.239
647:1497.944
642:2203.919
598:1136.149
593:1996.101
544:1686.007
495:1506.574
389:Industry
157:net zero
5399:Vietnam
5314:Myanmar
5294:Lebanon
5224:Georgia
5179:Bahrain
5169:Armenia
5080:Bibcode
5017:Sources
4896:REN21.
4694:Bibcode
4558:22 July
4387:Bibcode
4234:10 July
4208:10 July
3829:Reuters
3793:"China"
3749:archive
3679:archive
3639:Reuters
3579:: 225.
3484:Bibcode
3293:18 July
3250:Reuters
3160:9118742
3131:Bibcode
2769:Reuters
2597:18 July
2175:Bibcode
2037:Targets
1721:A 2011
1510:312.513
1495:112.121
1485:969.447
1475:5943.08
1461:308.675
1451:102.119
1446:116.773
1441:338.289
1436:901.961
1412:352.331
1402:101.416
1397:127.773
1392:332.787
1387:944.372
1377:5238.13
1363:309.918
1353:105.085
1348:133.548
1343:360.327
1338:950.956
1314:329.597
1304:114.409
1299:145.497
1294:384.552
1289:877.815
1284:2696.33
1265:287.538
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