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dots (one red, one blue, one green) separated by a mask. The effective resolution of a color monitor is limited by the density of these triads. Furthermore, pixels in the source image will not align precisely to these triads, so moire effects will occur as the image resolution approaches the limit imposed by the size of the phosphor triads. Monochrome monitors were used in almost all
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monitors produce sharper text and images than color CRT monitors. This is because a monochrome monitor is made up of a continuous coating of phosphor and the sharpness can be controlled by focusing the electron beam; whereas on a color monitor, screen space is divided into triads of three phosphor
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in which computer text and images are displayed in varying tones of only one color, as opposed to a color monitor that can display text and images in multiple colors. They were very common in the early days of computing, from the 1960s through the 1980s, before color monitors became widely
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is used, the screen is white monochrome (known as "page white"); this is the same phosphor as used in early television sets. An amber screen was claimed to give improved ergonomics, specifically by reducing eye strain; this claim appears to have little scientific basis.
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The colour scheme, grid layout of characters, and ghosting effects of the now-obsolete monochrome CRT screens have become an eye-catching visual shorthand for computer-generated text, frequently in "futuristic" settings. The opening titles of the first
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Some green screen displays were furnished with a particularly full/intense phosphor coating, making the characters very clear and sharply defined (thus easy to read) but generating an afterglow-effect (sometimes called a "ghost image") when the text
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320×200 pixel, or 640×200 pixel graphic standard. It could also run most programs written for the CGA card's standard graphics modes. Monochrome monitors continued to be used, even after the introduction of higher resolution color IBM
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This ghosting effect is deliberate on some monitors, known as "long persistence" monitors. These use the relatively long decay period of the phosphor glow to reduce flickering and eye strain.
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A free application for Linux terminal software called "Cool Retro Term" is available to accurately emulate old CRT Monochrome terminals for nostalgia or
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is an effect known as "ghosting", wherein a dim afterglow of the screen's contents is briefly visible after the screen has been blanked.
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means "color"). All text and graphics are displayed in that color. Some monitors have the ability to vary the brightness of individual
569:"Phosphor: Simulates an old terminal with long-sustain phosphor | xscreensaver-extras Games | Man Pages | ManKier"
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character images. The 5151, amongst others, had brightness and contrast controls to allow the user to set their own compromise.
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which was very expensive in the '70s and '80s. Either normal/bright or normal/dim (1 bit) per character as in the
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page up/down operations. Other green screens avoided the heavy afterglow-effects, but at the cost of much more
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720×348 pixel monochrome graphics capability, much used for business presentation graphics generated from
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screen; the term is often misused to refer to any block mode display terminal, regardless of color, e.g.,
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became a popular companion to the 5151 screen because of the
Hercules' comparatively high-resolution
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hack called phosphor which emulates a long-persistence green screen and can be used as a terminal.
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and were widely used in text-based applications such as computerized cash registers and
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commercially available. They are still widely used in applications such as computerized
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Schneider MM12 from 1988. It uses a GoldStar Type 310KGLA amber tube.
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Typically, only a limited set of brightness levels was provided to save
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systems because of their superior sharpness and enhanced readability.
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A similar grid of amber text is used in the science fiction TV show
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Monochrome monitors are commonly available in three colors: if the
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or black, dark gray, light gray, white (2bit) per pixel like the
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prominently feature computer displays with ghosting green text.
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The most common technology for monochrome monitors was the
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Well-known examples of early monochrome monitors are the
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555:"Get a Vintage Linux Terminal with Cool Retro Terminal"
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as the predominant visual output device for computers.
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was the common name for a monochrome monitor using a
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Monochrome monitors are particularly susceptible to
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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265:is used, the screen is amber monochrome. If the
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304:The 5151 was designed to work with the PC's
148:Early Nixdorf computer with an amber monitor
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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401:Another effect of the high-intensity
514:"Display Terminals: Market Overview"
394:(hence the advent, and name, of the
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532:Ergonomics in Computerized Offices
530:Grandjean, E (1986), "Chapter 2",
195:and preceded color CRTs and later
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432:science fiction films
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386:Phosphor limitations
339:Video Graphics Array
66:"Monochrome monitor"
51:improve this article
18:Green screen display
557:. 23 October 2015.
420:Ghost in the Shell
412:In popular culture
219:, although, e.g.,
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154:monochrome monitor
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477:Apple Monitor III
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49:Please help
44:verification
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396:screensaver
392:screen burn
326:Lotus 1-2-3
267:P4 phosphor
263:P3 phosphor
259:P1 phosphor
107:August 2010
583:Categories
483:References
308:text-only
299:model 5150
203:CRT Design
77:newspapers
439:Travelers
403:phosphors
380:pixelated
318:bitmapped
225:phosphors
193:terminals
472:IBM 5151
467:IBM 5250
462:IBM 3270
456:See also
372:scrolled
292:IBM 5151
190:Teletype
179:IBM 3279
175:phosphor
349:Clarity
91:scholar
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296:IBM PC
237:pixels
233:chrome
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517:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
324:like
282:from
280:VT100
274:Usage
248:VT100
173:"P1"
171:green
98:JSTOR
84:books
536:ISBN
337:and
229:mono
197:LCDs
183:3290
70:news
355:CRT
217:CRT
138:IBM
136:An
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