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with pulp and paper producers. ("Battle for the Trees"). In 1994 Sierra, the magazine of the Sierra Club with a circulation 500,000 went public with the headlines “Magazine wants no part of B.C. pulp”, Excerpts from an award winning film festival documentary depicting massive clearcutting were picked up by Turner Broadcasting (CNN) and PBS. (“Legacy: Killing a Temperate Rainforest”). Hon. Jup Weber, MP of Luxembourg, a leader of the Greens, and an outspoken critic of the province’s logging practices, invited Peter McAllister to the European Parliament in Strasbourg to present evidence of the relentless over-cutting of the coastal temperate rainforest countering decades of denials by the provincial government and the timber industry.

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chartered a two-masted ship, the North Star of Herschel Island and sailed north from Victoria in the summer of 1990 with a crew of environmentalists. Their mission was to begin exploring, researching and bringing recognition to the ecological and cultural values of a significant expanse of the earth’s temperate rainforest. They alone conducted the campaign to bring protection to the Great Bear Rainforest until 1996 when many of the environmental organizations involved in the struggle to save Clayoquot Sound on Vancouver Island began to join the campaign.

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the third expedition Peter McAllister came up with the first use of the “Great Bear” name in honour of the coastal grizzlies that held dominion over the unlogged salmon rivers. “Great Bear Wilderness” made its appearance in a 1994 Raincoast Conservation Society publication. In 1996 Ian McAllister added “Rainforest” to the “Great Bear” name when the Raincoast Conservation Society met with Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco to develop their international market campaign strategy.

485:(formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands). The Great Bear Rainforest Agreement included four key elements: rainforest protection, improved logging practices, the involvement of First Nations in decision making, and conservation financing to enable economic diversification. The final agreement banned logging in 33% of the Great Bear Rainforest and made a commitment to implement ecosystem-based forestry management for the entire Great Bear Rainforest by 2009. 60: 218:

Protected Areas; Biodiversity, Mining, and Tourism Areas (BMTAs); and Ecosystem-based Management Operating Areas (EBMs). As of 2009, approximately 16,000 km (6,200 sq mi) of the region has been designated as protected areas (in a form called conservancies), and 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi) as BMTAs. Commercial timber harvesting and commercial hydro-electric power projects are prohibited within BMTAs.

406:, Karen McAllister, and Bernadette Mertens McAllister became valuable team members. Mike Humphries, a WWII fighter pilot flew aerial reconnaissance, enhancing the documentation of remote logging operations while offering a birds eye view of a landscape as large as Switzerland. (“Raincoast: North Among the Fjords”). In 1994 evidence of a grizzly bear slaughter precipitated an expose of the threatened bear population. 1489:(Nov. 21, 1996) Press Release: “LEGACY” the winner of 4 awards at the International Wildlife Film Festival will be going on tour to 156 cities as a prize winner of the 21st Annual BANFF FESTIVAL OF MOUNTAIN FILM FESTIVAL. (November 3, 1996) The 21st Annual Banff Festival of Mountain Films wishes to acknowledge Legacy as the recipient of the 1996 Special Jury Award 434:

throughout the rainforest. This fell short of the scientific recommendations, which had concluded that 44%–70% should be protected. The recommendation given to the BC government was a compromise solution agreed to by the many stakeholders after years of difficult negotiations. The stakeholders include provincial and local governments; many

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Evolution of the name “Great Bear Rainforest”. First it was publicized as the Hidden Coast” and the “Raincoast.” In 1993 the flagship organization representing their campaign was registered as the “Raincoast Conservation Society.” Expeditions became known as “Raincoast Expeditions.” In 1993 after

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The temperate rainforests of the Central and North Coast of mainland BC were largely unknown to conservationists as late as the 1980’s. Then Peter McAllister, an ex-chair of the Sierra Club of Western Canada, veteran forest campaigner and early advocate for boycotts against the timber industry

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Stories of these first years of the campaign were presented in slide shows in Western North America and Europe while those on board spread the word in newspapers, articles, journals and magazines. Articles and film documentaries brought international condemnation and the cancellation of contracts

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Coastal temperate rainforests are characterized by their proximity to both ocean and mountains. Abundant rainfall results when the atmospheric flow of moist air off the ocean collides with mountain ranges. Much of the Pacific coastline of North America shares this climate pattern, including portions

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established a series of conservancies stretching 400 kilometres (250 mi) along the coast. The proposed protected areas will contain 18,000 square kilometres (6,900 sq mi), and another 46,900 square kilometres (18,100 sq mi) that is to be run under a management plan that is

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In May 2004, after years of conflict and negotiation, the various stakeholders agreed to recommend the BC government that about 3,500,000 acres (14,000 km), about 33% of the Great Bear Rainforest, be put under some form of protection, and that new forms of ecosystem-based forestry be required

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Subsequently Raincoast’s aerial reconnaissance photography was used to convince major home building suppliers to threaten logging companies invading Heiltsuk territory with boycotts. This action was a catalyst forcing the provincial government and the timber industry to come to the table for the

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The first order of business on every voyage was to offer support to the coastal First Nations in their struggle to take back their traditional territory from the timber industry. The inaugural expedition led immediately to the protection of the threatened Koeye River watershed, one of the most

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The size of the Great Bear Rainforest, also called the North and Central Coast land use planning area or the Central and North Coast LRMP area, is roughly 32,000 km (12,000 sq mi). As part of the 2006 North and Central Coast Land Use Decision three new land use zones were created:

569:, environmentalists, and the forestry industry to protect 85% of the 6.4 million hectare Great Bear Rainforest from industrial logging. The remaining 15% would still be subject to logging under stringent conditions. The agreement also recognizes 1565:(1994) McAllister, Peter, “Almost every wilderness valley or inlet with significant stands of timber will have logging roads through them in three to five years” CANADIAN Raincoast Wilderness, A Raincoast Coast Conservation Society Publication 1219:

MacFarlane, John M and Johansson, Sven, (Summer 1991) The North Star p. 17, Last of the Western Arctic Eskimo trapping schooners is still making a contribution after being rescued from a beach on Banks Island”, Maritime Museum of British

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Hamilton, Gordon, (Wednesday, February 2, 1994) SIERRA: Magazine Wants No Part of B.C. Pulp: Other environmental publications are likely to follow suit, “Sierra says it has ended its odious British Columbia Connection” The Vancouver

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McAllister, Peter,(Spring 1996) “History has taught us that we rarely come to the rescue of any species until it is too late”, the GRIZZLY BEARS of the COASTAL RAINFOREST VALLEYS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, Raincoast Conservation Society

1609:(Saturday, January 22, 2000) “The Rainforest Action Network, a militant San Francisco based group, is taking aim at large U.S. home builders with a publicity campaign to deter them from using old-growth lumber” THE GLOBE AND MAIL 1154:

Young, Cameron (May 26-June 1988), “His old corporate cronies may think he has switched sides. But Peter McAllister says working as a leading environmental lobbyists is just good business”. SIERRA PADRE, Monday

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The expedition voyages took on board an international array of journalists, filmmakers, photographers, scientists and conservationists. Commencing with the third expedition in 1993, Peter’s family including

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and sank into the channel. By 26 October, the fuel tanks of the tug were emptied and about 101,131 litres of oily water was recovered. The fuel spill was the last major incident to occur in the region since

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beginning of a long process of negotiations involving the protection of the Great Bear Rainforest. “Watershed: Canada’s Threatened Rainforest” (“Great Bear Rainforest- Ethan Sing / Peter Mcallister”).

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Young, Cameron (December 1989) BC Business, Is This Man the Enemy? “Environmentalist Peter McAllister relentlessly dogs the forest companies’ every move. Just what does he want?” BC Business

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Tafler, Sid, (Dec. 2-8, 1993) The Heiltsuk Connection “How a tribal park land and one determined Victoria man could shift the battle over forestry to the mainland coast” Monday Magazine

615: 652:). The reef was located in the traditional territorial waters of the Heiltsuk First Nation and within the larger Great Bear Rainforest. The tug leaked over 100,000 litres of 1013: 1832: 2078: 481:

On 7 February 2006 a comprehensive protection package was announced for the Great Bear Rainforest, which was defined to include the central and north coasts of BC and

849: 822: 1958:"Canadian First Nation cleans up latest fuel spill mess: Fuel spill in Canada's Great Bear Rainforest adds to pressure to cut fuel transport lines on Pacific Coast" 531:, Sierra Club BC and ForestEthics (jointly known as Rainforest Solutions Project) launched an online campaign titled, "Keep the Promise," to put public pressure on 1697: 1957: 1754: 987: 670:

Public outcry over the incident coupled with increased interest in preserving the ecological integrity of the rainforest helped to spur the passage of the

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The Great Bear Rainforest is one of the largest remaining tracts of unspoiled temperate rainforest left in the world. The area is home to species such as

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Harvey, Roy, (Thursday, September 16, 1993) Where salmon is king: “Nature’s bounty is the anchor of the schooner North Star’s meals” Chicago Tribune

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to shared decision-making and provides a greater economic share of timber rights and $ 15-million in funding to 26 First Nations in the area.

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Gill, Dominic, (October 1, 1992) “Front-ranking British publisher cancels plans to buy B.C. newsprint” LOOT says “No”, London’s Notice Board

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Maxwell, Jessica, (January-February 1994) The Last Best Rainforest: “Clearcuts in British Columbia have roused Canadians to Action” AUDUBON

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McAllister, Peter, (September 1995) “Canadian Chain Saw Massacre” Translation of Das Kanada-Kettennsagenmassaker BBC WILDLIFE WWF Germany

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Seattle Audubon Society, BRITISH COLUMBIA’S RAINFORESTS: THE Hidden Coast, slide lecture by Peter McAllister, Seattle Audubon Society

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Howard, Coric (Monday November 15, 1993) San Francisco Chronicle, Alarm Grows Over Clear-Cutting on Majestic Coast, Fr.p A10

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in February 2016, when it announced an agreement to permanently protect 85% of the old-growth forested area from industrial

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Howard, Cori (Monday, November 15 1993) "Alarm Grows Over Clear-Cutting on Majestic Coast" San Francisco Chronicle

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Rainforest Action Network Trophy, 2002 World Rainforest Award, Peter McAllister and Ian McAllister, Rainforest Heroes

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Findley, Rowe, (September 1990) Endangered Old-Growth Forests: “Will We Save Our Own”, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC p. 132

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Lavoie, Judith, (Friday, May 27, 1994), Crusader: "Clearcut carnage threatens rainforest valleys" Times Colonist

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in the south to the BC-Alaska boundary in the north,. It includes all offshore islands within this range except

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Quinn, Hal, (June 10, 1991) A clear-cut fight: “B.C. logging becomes an international issue” Maclean’s Magazine

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announced on February 1, 2016, that an agreement had been reached between the government of British Columbia,

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is outside the region, to the east. Farther south, the region includes all of the coast west and south of the

506: 471: 294: 290: 183: 524:, as well as private donations of $ 60 million, making the total funding for the new reserve $ 120 million. 1671: 1052: 962: 933: 298: 34: 543:, would not materialize in time for the government's own final implementation deadline of March 31, 2009. 2134: 536: 1384:

Lavoie, Judith, (Thursday, December 1,1994) “Alarms sounded to shield grizzlies at coast” Times Colonist

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Wickens, Barbara with Hal Quinn, (May 13, 1991) “A Powerful Screen Attack” p. 36 Maclean’s Magazine

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Engstrom, Karen, (Thursday, October 28, 1993) Chicago Tribune, Tempo, Cutting to the Quick, Sec. 5

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McAllister, Peter, (March 29, 1995) Presentation, House of Representatives, Berlin, Germany

1111: 513: 443: 342: 551: 8: 1810: 377: 338: 1618: 1837: 1784: 854: 369: 1932: 815:"Final agreement reached to protect B.C.'s Great Bear Rainforest - The Globe and Mail" 791: 2043: 2015: 1640: 988:"Central and North Coast EBM Implementation - Biodiversity, Mining and Tourism Areas" 716: 570: 250: 222: 2113:"University of Victoria Special collection and University Archives Collection SC684" 1177:

Tafler, Sid (August 30-December 5, 1990), “The European Connection” Monday Magazine

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Transforming parks and protected areas: policy and governance in a changing world

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Genovali, Christopher, (Summer 1995) Beyond Clayoquot Sound, EARTH ISLAND JOURNAL

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for protection of this rainforest. This matches a pledge made previously by the

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Cowell, Douglas (November/December 1995) Forgotten Forest, CANADIAN WILDLIFE

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ecologically and culturally significant river systems on the Central Coast.

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Little, R.W., (April 1991) Koeye River Watershed Wilderness Reserve Proposal

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