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852:, in a relaxed way. At the end of the day, each stall was closed with drapes. Another peculiarity was the complete lack of advertising. Moreover, as everywhere in the East, traders of the same type of goods were forcibly concentrated along one road, which got its name from their profession. The Inner Bedesten hosted the most precious wares: jewelers, armourers, crystal dealers had their shops there. The Sandal Bedesten was mainly the center of the
822:. In the bazaar no artificial light was foreseen, also to prevent fires, and smoking was strictly prohibited. The roads outside the inner Bedesten are roughly parallel to it. The damages caused by the many fires and quakes along the centuries, together with the repairs done without a general plan, gave to the market – especially in its western part – a picturesque appearance, with its maze of roads and lanes crossing each other at various angles.
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741:), vaulted rooms without external openings. The sunlight in Bedesten comes from rectangular windows placed right under the roof: they can be accessed through a wooden ambulatory. Due to the scarce illumination, the edifice was kept open only some hours each day, and was devoted to the trade of luxury goods, above all textiles. Moreover, the Bedesten's Mahzen were also used as safes. The building can be accessed through four gates:
1033:(the inhabitants of the city) could see each other. Not only was the market the only place in town where the ladies could go relatively easily (and this circumstance made the place especially interesting for the Europeans who visited the city), but—especially from the Tanzimat age on—it was also the only public place where the average citizen had a chance to meet the members of the Imperial Harem and of the Court casually.
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Grand Bazaar had a square plan, with two perpendicular main roads crossing in the middle and a third road running along the outer perimeter. In the Bazaar there were 67 roads (each bearing the name of the sellers of a particular good), several squares used for the daily prayers, 5 mosques, 7 fountains, 18 gates which were opened each day in the morning and closed in the evening. Around 1638 the
Turkish traveller
1081:) from the members and administered it taking care of the needs of each associated person. The guilds lost increasingly their importance during the Tanzimat period, and were abolished in 1913, being replaced by an association of Bazaar merchants. Nowadays, there are several merchant associations in the Bazaar, but none is representative of the whole seller community.
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The Bazaar's merchants were organized in guilds. In order to establish a new one, it was only necessary to have enough traders of the same good. Afterwards, a monopoly was formed and the number of traders and shops was frozen. One could only be accepted in the guild through co-optation, either as son
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s inside the Market will be renovated and later additions will be demolished. This project should finally solve the big problems of the market: for example, in the whole Bazaar there is no proper toilet facility. Moreover, the lack of controls in the past years allowed many dealers to remove columns
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The last major catastrophe happened in 1894: a strong earthquake that rocked
Istanbul. The Minister of Public Works, Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, supervised the repair of the damaged Bazaar until 1898, and on this occasion the complex was reduced in area. To the west, the Bit Pazarı was left outside the
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Today the Grand Bazaar is a thriving complex, employing 26,000 people visited by between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily, and one of the major landmarks of
Istanbul. It must compete with modern shopping malls common in Istanbul, but its beauty and fascination represent a formidable advantage for
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In this period, because of the new law against fires issued in 1696, several parts of the market which lay between the two
Bedesten were covered with vaults. Despite that, other fires ravaged the complex in 1750 and 1791. The quake of 1766 caused more damages, which were repaired by the Court Chief
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Actually, the main reason of concentrating the trade in one place was to provide the highest security against theft, fire and uprising. The goods in the
Bedesten were guaranteed against everything except turmoil. Gates were always closed at night, and the bazaar was patrolled by guards paid by the
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s, large caravanserais with two or three stories round a porticoed inner courtyard, where goods could be stored and merchants could be lodged. In that period one tenth of the shops of the city were concentrated in the market and around it. For all that, at that time the market was not yet covered.
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the hub of the
Mediterranean trade. According to several European travelers, at that time, and until the first half of the 19th century, the market was unrivaled in Europe with regards to the abundance, variety and quality of the goods on sale. At that time we know from European travelers that the
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Until the restoration following the quake of 1894, the Grand Bazaar had no shops as found in the western world: along both sides of the roads merchants sat on wooden divans in front of their shelves. Each of them occupied a space 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 m) in width, and 3 to 4 feet (0.91 to
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it. The head of the Grand Bazaar
Artisans Association claimed that the complex was in 2011 – the year of its 550th birthday – the most visited monument in the world. A restoration project starting in 2012 should renew its infrastructure, heating and lighting systems. Moreover, the
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from Egypt, when the sovereign crossed the illuminated market riding a horse among the rejoicing populace. Despite the immense wealth present in the Bazaar over the centuries—as an
English traveller recorded as late as c. 1870, a tour of the inner Bedesten could easily ruin a few
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shrines and performed religious functions. These organizations became less and less important with time due to the increased weight of the Greek, Armenian and Jews merchants in the bazaar's trade. Each guild had a financial department which collected a moderate monthly fee (some
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has also a rectangular plan (40.20 m × 42.20 m), with 12 stone piers bearing 20 bays surmounted by brick domes with blind drum. In this case shops are carved only in the outer walls. In both edifices, each bay is tied to the others through brick arches tied by juniper beams, and
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in the world, with 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shops on a total area of 30,700 m, attracting between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily. In 2014, it was listed No.1 among the world's most-visited tourist attractions with 91,250,000 annual visitors. The Grand Bazaar at
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Another peculiarity of the market during the
Ottoman age was the total lack of restaurants. The absence of women in the social life and the nomadic conventions in the Turkish society made the concept of restaurant alien. Merchants brought their lunch in a food box called
617:, were factors which caused the Market's decline. By 1850, rents in Bedesten were ten times lower than two to three decades before. Moreover, the birth of a West-oriented bourgeoisie and the commercial success of Western products pushed the merchants belonging to the
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At the beginning of the 17th century the Grand Bazaar had already achieved its final shape. The enormous extent of the
Ottoman Empire in three continents, and the total control of road communications between Asia and Europe, rendered the Bazaar and the surrounding
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and skive walls in their shops to gain space; this, together with the substitution of lead (stolen in the last years) with concrete on the market's roof, has created a great hazard when the earthquake expected in Istanbul in the next years will occur.
1060:('chief of the brave young fellows'). These two officers were flanked by the assembly of the elders, non necessarily old in age, but comprising the most experienced traders. Parallel to the guilds, there were purely religious organizations, called
848:, meaning 'stall'. The most precious merchandise was not on display, but kept in cabinets. Only clothes were hung in long rows, with a picturesque effect. A prospective client could sit in front of the dealer, talk with him and drink a tea or a
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Aside from the bedestens, originally the Grand Bazaar structures were built with wood, and only after the 1700 fire, they were rebuilt in stone and brickwork, and covered. All the bazaar edifices, except the fur dealers market
951:) were stolen in the old Bedesten. The theft shocked the whole of Istanbul, the Bazaar remained closed for two weeks and people were tortured, until the money was found hidden under a floor matting. The culprit was a young
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In 1914 the Sandal Bedesten, whose handlers of textile goods had been ruined by the European competition, was acquired by the city of Istanbul and, starting one year later, was used as an auction house, mainly for
706:. In 1927 the individual parts of the bazaar and the streets got official names. The last fires of bazaar happened in 1943 and 1954, and the related restorations were finished on 28 July 1959.
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prescribed yellow shoes for Muslims, blue for Greek Orthodox, black for Jews and red for Armenians) were on display on high shelves; the spice and herbs market (later concentrated in the
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has a rectangular plan (43.30 m x 29.50 m). Two rows of stone piers, four in each row, sustain three rows of bays, five in each row. Each bay is surmounted by a brick dome with blind
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Recurrent calamities, fires and earthquakes hit the Grand Bazaar. The first fire occurred in 1515; another in 1548. Other fires ravaged the complex in 1588, 1618 (when the
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signed between the Empire and many European countries, and the forestalling – always by European merchants – of the raw materials needed to produce goods in the Empire's
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1013:(a dessert prepared with chicken breast, milk sugar and rose water sprinkled on it) and Turkish coffee. These simple dishes were prepared and served in small two-story
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gave us the most important historical description of the Bazaar and of its customs. The number of shops amounted to 3,000, plus 300 located in the surrounding
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This kind of organization disappeared gradually, although nowadays a concentration of the same business along certain roads can be observed again:
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placed in the middle of a road. The most famous among these kiosks is the one—still extant but not functioning any more—placed at the crossing of
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was required. The only official night opening in the history of the Bazaar occurred in 1867 during the feast organized for the return of Sultan
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trade, but also other goods were on sale there. The most picturesque parts of the market were – apart from the two Bedestens – the shoe market (
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was reserved for the trade in luxury goods. At the beginning the two buildings were isolated. According to the 16th-century French traveller
522:. However, soon many sellers opened their shops between and around them, so that a whole quarter was born, devoted exclusively to commerce.
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The last restoration of the complex took place in 1980. On that occasion, advertising posters around the market were also removed.
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633:) into moving out of the Bazaar, perceived as antiquated, and into opening new shops in quarters frequented by Europeans, such as
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was destroyed), 1645, 1652, 1658, 1660 (on that occasion the whole city was devastated), 1687, 1688 (great damage occurred to the
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shows that most of the structure originates from the second half of the 15th century, although a Byzantine relief representing a
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was active, a use also carried over from Byzantine times. Other important markets in the vicinity were the second-hand market (
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As of 2012, there is no official statistics about the number of shops in Bazaar. This oscillates between 3,000 and 4,000.
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had an edifice erected devoted to the trading of textiles and jewels near his palace in Constantinople. It was named
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The construction of the future Grand Bazaar's core started during the winter of 1455/56, shortly after the Ottoman
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479:—Mehmed II had another covered market built, the "Sandal Bedesten" (the name comes from a kind of thread woven in
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La vita quotidiana a Constantinopoli ai tempi di Solimano il Magnifico e dei suoi successori (XVI e XVII secolo)
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The 19th-century growth of the textile industry in western Europe, introduction of mass production methods, the
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674:. In the 30.7 hectares of the complex, protected by 18 gates, there are 3,000 shops along 61 streets, the 2
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872:), which stood near the jewelers; the armour and weapon market; the old book market; and the flea market.
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s which belonged to the Market, many were left outside, and only nine remained enclosed in the structure.
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families—theft occurred extremely rarely. The most important such incident happened in 1591, when 30,000
413:) of the Bedesten has been used by several scholars as proof that the edifice was a Byzantine structure.
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came there often in disguise to eat his pudding. The Bazaar was in the Ottoman Age the place where the
468:) was moved from the Bazaar to the present picturesque location near the Beyazid Mosque only after the
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The construction of the Bedesten ended in the winter of 1460/61, and the building was endowed to the
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Bildlexikon zur Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul bis zum Beginn d. 17 Jh
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literature. We owe descriptions of the Bazaar in the middle of the 19th century to writers such as
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317:("cloth"), and means "bazaar of the cloth sellers". The building – named alternately in Turkish
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The Grand Bazaar is opened each day except Sundays and bank holidays from 9:00 until 19:00.
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Right during the westernization of Ottoman society, the Grand Bazaar became an obligatory
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of a deceased member, or after paying a suitable sum to a member who wanted to retire.
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After the erection of the Sandal Bedesten the trade in textiles moved there, while the
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Some years later —according to other sources, this occurred in 1545 under Sultan
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and was part of a broader initiative to stimulate economic prosperity in Istanbul.
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518:, between them and the Mosque of Beyazid stood the ruins of churches and a large
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An Armchair Traveller's History of Istanbul: City of Remembering and Forgetting
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According to an 1890 survey, in the Bazaar there were 4,399 active shops, 2
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This article is about the Grand Bazaar in Turkey. For the Grand Bazaar in
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2066:(in French) (2 ed.). Paris: Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines.
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505:(both words meaning "New") Bedesten, which lay north of the first.
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1056:. He was joined by a representative of the guild's member, called
733:. In the inner and in the outer walls have been built 44 cellars (
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Beşir Ağa endowed the Fountain (still existing) near Mercan Kapı.
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to rebuild several parts of the complex in 1730–1731. In 1738 the
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Istanbul. Petite Guide a travers les Monuments Byzantins et Turcs
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An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914
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The interior of the Grand Bazaar in the 1890s, by photographer
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One of the 17th-century kiosks, which used to be a small cafe.
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of Istanbul. Fixation of prices and taxes were matter of the
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1244:: a covered passageway with stores along one or both sides.
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List of streets, hans and gates in Grand Bazaar, Istanbul
864:), where thousands of shoes of different colors (Ottoman
926:. In order to access the complex during night hours, an
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Havecamerawilltravel.com: Photos of the Grand Bazaar
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Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture: Grand Bazaar
385:) Eagle outside the eastern gate of the Old Bedesten
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1821:De Amicis, Edmondo (1878). Tilton, Caroline (ed.).
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eagle, still enclosed on the top of the East Gate (
2794:Commercial buildings completed in the 15th century
350:. It was also near the first sultan's palace, the
958:seller. Thanks to the intercession of the Sultan
842:1.22 m) in depth. This was named in Turkish
686:new perimeter and became an open-sky road, named
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1046:. He was paid by the guild but appointed by the
416:In a market near the Bedesten, named in Turkish
962:he was executed by hanging and not by torture.
690:("Tentmaker Road"), while the old gate and the
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806:. Both buildings were closed by iron gates.
335:("Old") Bedesten – lies on the slope of the
2109:(in Italian) (3 ed.). Milan: Rizzoli.
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287:("Bedesten of Gems") and was also known as
2779:Buildings and structures completed in 1731
2774:Buildings and structures completed in 1461
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1763:. Cambridge University Press. p. 69.
1756:
1421:"World's Most-Visited Tourist Attractions"
2317:Shopping centres and retailers in Türkiye
2054:(in French). Istanbul: Istanbul Matbaası.
1856:The works of Théophile Gautier, Volume 10
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1449:. Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 14
1142:One of the four marble drinking fountains
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239:. The Bazaar can easily be reached from
2128:. London: Barron's Educational Series.
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2042:. Istanbul: Çituri Biraderler Basımevi.
2011:"Saving the Grand Bazaar from its fate"
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1178:Teenager in the door of a lantern shop.
209:The Grand Bazaar is located inside the
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1980:
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1961:"Grand Bazaar outdoing all its rivals"
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1364:"History of the Grand Bazaar Istanbul"
1214:Another interior view from the bazaar.
193:is often regarded as one of the first
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721:Nuruosmaniye Gate of the Grand Bazaar
1986:"Grand Problems at the Grand Bazaar"
1760:A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul
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1190:Faucets of a fountain in the bazaar.
2000:
1975:
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1468:Tillinghast, Richard (2013-03-19).
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879:Jewellers and gold bracelets along
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1284:List of shopping malls in Istanbul
913:Leather and casual clothes at the
826:Social history of the Grand Bazaar
745:"Second-hand Book Sellers' Gate" (
454:mall stretching downhill from the
14:
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2234:Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque)
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1757:Boyar, Ebru; Fleet, Kate (2010).
1226:A Turkish flag inside the bazaar.
786:The domed interior of the Sandal
366:), the city's bakers' quarter in
184:is one of the largest and oldest
174:, meaning ‘Covered Market’; also
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2078:(in German). Tübingen: Wasmuth.
1250:(World's largest covered bazaar)
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2799:Tourist attractions in Istanbul
2100:. Istanbul: Istanbul Kitaplığı.
1873:Théophile Gautier grand bazaar.
1846:
1841:Edmondo De Amicis grand bazaar.
1827:. G.P. Putnam's sons. pp.
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694:were demolished. Among all the
658:, 19 fountains (among them two
1461:
1445:İnalcık, H. and Quataert, D.,
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1356:
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1154:The Bazaar after closing hour.
977:where jewelry is now produced.
590:Nevşehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha
440:), corresponding to the Greek
1:
1587:Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 348.
1534:Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 346.
1344:Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 349.
1332:Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 345.
1315:
682:(plus several more outside).
180:, meaning ‘Grand Market’) in
2239:Hippodrome of Constantinople
2126:The Traveler's Atlas: Europe
1025:. It is alleged that Sultan
251:(Beyazıt-Kapalıçarşı stop).
130:; 569 years ago
7:
2166:Official website in Turkish
2013:. Hürriyet Daily News. 2010
1988:. Hürriyet Daily News. 2008
1963:. Hürriyet Daily News. 2011
1853:Gautier, Théophile (1901).
1275:: a market trading in gold.
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1166:Lanterns hanging in a shop.
772:"Women's Clothiers' Gate" (
204:
53:Inside the Grand Bazaar in
10:
2815:
2789:Shopping malls in Istanbul
2142:Archnet Digital Library –
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754:"Skullcap Sellers' Gate" (
483:, which had the colour of
450:, "Long Portico"), a long
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272:conquest of Constantinople
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217:and in the neighbourhood (
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2150:Turkish Culture Portal –
2098:Story of the Grand Bazaar
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84:41.0105806°N 28.9679333°E
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2428:CarrefourSA Maltepe Park
2153:Grand Bazaar in Istanbul
2105:Mantran, Robert (1998).
2064:Constantinople Byzantine
1859:. G.D. Sproul. pp.
670:), one mausoleum and 24
470:1894 Istanbul earthquake
399:Mosque. Analysis of the
16:Covered market in Turkey
2211:Proximate landmarks of
2072:Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang
1543:Mamboury (1953), p. 212
1064:. Their members met in
211:walled city of Istanbul
2124:Hallam, Katie (2009).
2040:The Tourists' Istanbul
1710:Gülersoy (1980), p. 34
1701:Gülersoy (1980), p. 33
1655:Gülersoy (1980), p. 15
1646:Gülersoy (1980), p. 14
1605:Gülersoy (1980), p. 30
1596:Gülersoy (1980), p. 31
1503:Mantran (1998), p. 177
1264:Covered Market, Oxford
1085:The Grand Bazaar today
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495:
489:
464:
436:
434:), the "Long Market" (
431:
418:
409:
386:
356:
339:, between the ancient
337:third hill of Istanbul
331:
325:
319:
299:
289:
283:
267:
227:
219:
176:
171:
89:41.0105806; 28.9679333
1945:Gülersoy (1980) p. 48
1936:Gülersoy (1980) p. 47
1912:Gülersoy (1980) p. 53
1900:Gülersoy (1980) p. 52
1891:Gülersoy (1980) p. 36
1811:Gülersoy (1980) p. 62
1802:Gülersoy (1980) p. 61
1790:Gülersoy (1980) p. 38
1747:Gülersoy (1980) p. 50
1733:Gülersoy (1980) p. 49
1719:Gülersoy (1980) p. 37
1692:Gülersoy (1980) p. 23
1680:Gülersoy (1980) p. 19
1671:Gülersoy (1980) p. 18
1637:Gülersoy (1980) p. 13
1614:Gülersoy (1980) p. 41
1573:Gülersoy (1980) p. 17
1564:Gülersoy (1980) p. 29
1552:Gülersoy (1980), p. 8
968:
886:Gold bracelets along
833:
785:
720:
550:
376:
262:
213:, in the district of
2640:Altınyıldız Classics
1628:Eyice (1955), p. 27.
1512:Janin (1964), p. 95.
1458:Eyice (1955), p. 26.
907:Leather goods along
456:Forum of Constantine
305:is adapted from the
293:("New Bedesten") in
143:Completion date
29:Grand Bazaar, Tehran
1474:. Haus Publishing.
1103:Grand Bazaar images
909:Perdahçılar Caddesi
881:Kalpakçılar Caddesi
835:Kalpakçılar Caddesi
769:) in the east, and;
763:"Jewellers' Gate" (
290:Bezzâzistan-ı Cedîd
125:Beginning date
80: /
36:
2484:Mahmutpasha Bazaar
2264:Süleymaniye Mosque
2249:Theodosius Cistern
1395:"The Grand Bazaar"
1202:Ornamented ceiling
979:
888:Kuyumcular Çarşısı
839:
791:
723:
688:Çadırcılar Caddesi
571:
410:Kuyumcular Kapısı)
387:
268:
34:
2769:Bazaars in Turkey
2756:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2567:
2566:
2528:
2527:
2277:
2276:
2135:978-0-7641-6176-6
2085:978-3-8030-1022-3
1427:on 2 January 2015
1023:Acı Çesme Caddesi
1019:Halıcılar Caddesi
995:Théophile Gautier
991:Edmondo De Amicis
862:Pabuççular Pazarı
816:Kürkçüler Çarsısı
775:Zenneciler Kapısı
766:Kuyumcular Kapısı
757:Takkeciler Kapısı
654:, one mosque, 10
563:Edmondo De Amicis
265:Jean Pascal Sébah
160:
159:
151:Dedicated to
2806:
2618:NetWork Classics
2584:
2583:
2443:Istanbul Cevahir
2372:Mall of Istanbul
2340:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2316:
2315:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2244:Basilica Cistern
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2139:
2120:
2101:
2089:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2036:Mamboury, Ernest
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1957:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1913:
1910:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1731:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1486:
1485:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:on 12 March 2017
1397:. Archived from
1391:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1370:on 19 April 2019
1366:. Archived from
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1333:
1330:
1248:Bazaar of Tabriz
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
902:Sahaflar Caddesi
895:Divrikli Caddesi
893:Furniture along
847:
777:
768:
759:
750:
648:, 2195 rooms, 1
605:
603:Hassa Baş Mimarı
584:
578:
557:in a drawing of
556:
513:
511:Cevahir Bedesten
504:
498:
492:
467:
465:Sahaflar Çarşısı
449:
448:
439:
421:
412:
365:
364:
359:
334:
329:("Ancient"), or
328:
322:
304:
292:
286:
284:Cevâhir Bedestan
230:
224:
179:
138:
136:
131:
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
51:
37:
33:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2741:
2675:
2649:
2645:Beymen Business
2621:
2601:Beymen Classics
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2563:
2524:
2515:İstiklal Avenue
2493:
2467:
2433:Galleria Ataköy
2401:
2344:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2278:
2273:
2215:
2209:
2162:
2136:
2117:
2094:Gülersoy, Çelik
2086:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1866:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1832:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1489:
1482:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1105:
1104:
1087:
1062:fütüvvet tariks
870:Egyptian Bazaar
828:
795:Sandal Bedesten
760:) in the south,
751:) in the north,
748:Sahaflar Kapısı
715:
313:, derived from
295:Ottoman Turkish
257:
237:of Nuruosmaniye
207:
186:covered markets
134:
132:
129:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
57:
42:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:Beymen Seasons
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2269:Topkapı Palace
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2160:External links
2158:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2145:Covered Bazaar
2140:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2060:Janin, Raymond
2056:
2044:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
1999:
1974:
1947:
1938:
1914:
1902:
1893:
1877:
1845:
1824:Constantinople
1813:
1804:
1792:
1783:
1769:
1749:
1735:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1682:
1673:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1575:
1566:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1514:
1505:
1487:
1480:
1460:
1451:
1438:
1412:
1381:
1355:
1346:
1334:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1086:
1083:
928:imperial edict
919:
918:
911:
905:
900:Carpets along
898:
891:
884:
866:sumptuary laws
850:Turkish coffee
827:
824:
780:
779:
778:) in the west.
770:
761:
752:
714:
711:
692:Kütkculer Kapi
615:closed economy
569:(1882 edition)
567:Costantinopoli
487:), also named
447:Μακρὸς Ἔμβολος
442:Makros Embolos
344:of Constantine
323:("Internal"),
256:
253:
206:
203:
195:shopping malls
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
126:
122:
121:
115:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
44:
43:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2811:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2748:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Atelier Rebul
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2570:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Bağdat Avenue
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2463:Tepe Nautilus
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Eyice, Semavi
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1842:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1787:
1772:
1770:9781139484442
1766:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1481:9781907822506
1477:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
972:
971:Zincirli Hanı
967:
963:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
929:
925:
916:
912:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
877:
876:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
836:
832:
823:
821:
817:
813:
807:
805:
802:is made with
801:
796:
789:
784:
776:
771:
767:
762:
758:
753:
749:
744:
743:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
719:
710:
707:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:
663:
662:
657:
653:
652:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:capitulations
607:
604:
597:
595:
591:
588:
583:
577:
568:
564:
560:
555:
549:
545:
542:
538:
537:Evliya Çelebi
533:
532:caravanserais
529:
523:
521:
517:
516:Pierre Gilles
512:
506:
503:
497:
491:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
466:
461:
457:
453:
443:
438:
433:
429:
425:
420:
414:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
384:
380:
375:
371:
369:
358:
353:
349:
348:of Theodosius
345:
342:
338:
333:
327:
321:
316:
312:
308:
303:
302:
296:
291:
285:
280:
277:
273:
266:
261:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
223:
222:
216:
212:
202:
200:
196:
192:
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2489:Spice Bazaar
2479:Grand Bazaar
2478:
2448:İstinye Park
2397:Zorlu Center
2259:Grand Bazaar
2258:
2254:Galata Tower
2229:Chora Church
2224:Hagia Sophia
2152:
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2015:. Retrieved
1990:. Retrieved
1965:. Retrieved
1941:
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1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1415:
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1399:the original
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1358:
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1097:
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1071:silver coins
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587:Grand Vizier
572:
566:
559:Cesare Biseo
540:
527:
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493:("Little"),
474:
441:
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397:Hagia Sophia
390:
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314:
310:
269:
208:
164:Grand Bazaar
163:
161:
75:28°58′4.56″E
72:41°0′38.09″N
35:Grand Bazaar
2606:Beymen Club
2560:(Gaziantep)
2552:Özdilekpark
2546:Özdilekpark
2387:Özdilekpark
1431:20 November
1011:tavuk göğsü
1007:doner kebab
975:caravansary
973:, a former
922:merchants'
727:Iç Bedesten
600:Architect (
460:Golden Horn
424:slave trade
419:Esir Pazarı
297:. The word
241:Sultanahmet
228:Kapalıçarşı
177:Büyük Çarşı
172:Kapalıçarşı
87: /
41:Kapalıçarşı
2763:Categories
2717:LC Waikiki
2558:Sanko Park
2438:Grand Pera
2392:Piyalepaşa
2362:Galataport
2116:8817165581
1867:6 November
1835:6 November
1776:6 November
1316:References
1031:Istanbullu
941:gold coins
937:Rothschild
915:Bit Pazarı
619:minorities
582:Uzun Çarşı
576:Bit Pazarı
485:sandalwood
477:Suleiman I
437:Uzun Çarşı
432:Bit Pazarı
363:Ἀρτοπωλεῖα
357:Eski Saray
352:Old Palace
233:of Beyazit
146:after 1730
2727:Paşabahçe
2520:Nişantaşı
2377:MetroCity
1273:Gold Souq
1058:Yiğitbaşı
1027:Mahmud II
960:Murad III
932:Abdülaziz
452:porticoed
405:Comnenian
401:brickwork
383:Comnenian
379:Byzantine
368:Byzantine
279:Mehmed II
155:Mehmed II
2615:Divarese
2572:Türkiye-
2542:(Ankara)
2540:ANKAmall
2423:Carousel
2382:Metropol
2357:Akmerkez
2345:use dev.
2335:Istanbul
2324:Shopping
2213:Istanbul
2096:(1980).
2074:(1977).
2062:(1964).
2050:(1955).
2038:(1953).
2017:14 March
1992:14 March
1967:14 March
1405:12 March
1374:19 April
1294:Merchant
1235:See also
1003:sefertas
987:romantic
788:Bedesten
676:bedesten
664:and one
661:şadırvan
646:bedesten
627:Armenian
311:bezestan
301:bedesten
205:Location
191:Istanbul
182:Istanbul
117:Covered
104:Istanbul
100:Location
55:Istanbul
2751:defunct
2722:Özdilek
2697:DeFacto
2663:Colin's
2578:groups,
2548:Antalya
2510:Eminönü
2472:Bazaars
2458:Profilo
2453:Olivium
2418:Capitol
2326:centres
2029:Sources
1299:Peddler
1268:England
1259:Bazaari
1075:Turkish
1066:Dervish
1054:Kethüda
1043:Kethüda
985:of the
953:Persian
945:Turkish
858:Turkish
812:Turkish
800:masonry
735:Turkish
704:carpets
656:medrese
561:, from
520:cistern
458:to the
428:Turkish
395:of the
370:times.
307:Persian
255:History
245:Sirkeci
221:mahalle
197:of the
168:Turkish
133: (
2732:Ramsey
2707:Kiğılı
2692:Bimeks
2655:Eroğlu
2635:Boyner
2627:Boyner
2596:Beymen
2588:Beymen
2580:chains
2576:retail
2413:Atirus
2367:Kanyon
2352:Akasya
2343:Mixed-
2132:
2113:
2082:
1767:
1478:
1304:Retail
1289:Market
1254:Bazaar
1242:Arcade
1015:kiosks
924:guilds
820:tarmac
804:rubble
739:mahzen
639:Galata
631:Jewish
422:, the
276:Sultan
119:bazaar
108:Turkey
27:, see
21:Tehran
2784:Fatih
2737:Vakko
2712:Koton
2680:Other
2574:based
2554:Bursa
2533:Other
2498:Areas
2406:Malls
1079:Kuruş
983:topos
949:Altın
845:dolap
678:, 13
667:sebil
651:hamam
623:Greek
554:dolap
530:s or
496:Cedit
490:Küçük
481:Bursa
326:Antik
309:word
249:trams
215:Fatih
199:world
2671:MEXX
2667:Loft
2130:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2080:ISBN
2019:2012
1994:2012
1969:2012
1869:2017
1837:2017
1778:2017
1765:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1433:2014
1407:2012
1376:2019
1309:Souq
1118:Café
1049:Kadı
1021:and
993:and
969:The
956:musk
854:silk
793:The
731:drum
725:The
637:and
635:Pera
502:Yeni
392:waqf
377:The
346:and
341:Fora
332:Eski
243:and
235:and
162:The
135:1455
128:1455
114:Type
25:Iran
2702:FLO
1863:-91
1831:-94
1092:han
696:han
680:han
672:han
565:'s
541:han
528:han
499:or
315:bez
247:by
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