671:. He invited all Gabonese, regardless of previous political affiliation, to participate. Bongo was elected president in February 1975 and re-elected in December 1979 and November 1986 to seven-year terms. In April 1975, the office of vice president was abolished and replaced by the office of prime minister, who has no right to automatic succession. Under the 1991 constitution, in the event of the president's death, the prime minister, the National Assembly president, and the defence minister share power until a new election is held. Using the PDG as a tool to submerge the regional and tribal rivalries that have divided Gabonese politics in the past, Bongo sought to forge a single national movement in support of the government's development policies.
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with 51% of the vote, opposition candidates refused to validate the election results. Serious civil disturbances, which were heavily repressed by the presidential guard, led to an agreement between the government and opposition factions to work toward a political settlement. These talks led to the Paris
Accords in November 1994 in which several opposition figures were included in a government of national unity. This arrangement soon broke down, and the 1996 and 1997 legislative and municipal elections provided the background for renewed partisan politics. The PDG won a landslide victory in the legislative election, but several major cities, including
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negotiated with them on a sector-by-sector basis, making significant wage concessions. In addition, he promised to open up the PDG and to organize a national political conference in March–April 1990 to discuss Gabon's future political system. The PDG and 74 political organizations attended the conference. Participants essentially divided into two loose coalitions, the ruling PDG and its allies and the United Front of
Opposition Associations and Parties, consisting of the breakaway Morena Fundamental and the Gabonese Progress Party.
695:, elected opposition mayors during the 1997 local election. President Bongo coasted to an easy re-election in December 1998 with 66% of the vote against a divided opposition. While Bongo's major opponents rejected the outcome as fraudulent, international observers characterized the result as representative even if the election suffered from serious administrative problems. There was no serious civil disorder or protests following the election in contrast to the 1993 election.
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called, was smaller than the previous government and included representatives from several opposition parties in its cabinet. The RSDG drafted a provisional constitution that provided a basic bill of rights and an independent judiciary but retained strong executive powers for the president. After further review by a constitutional committee and the
National Assembly, this document came into force in March 1991.
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Haut-Ogooue. This was conveniently just enough to push Ali Bongo into first place. An EU Election
Observation Mission present in the country declared that observers had incurred problems accessing the process of vote counting. The right to demonstrate or express oneself was described by the mission as 'restrictive'. The electoral regulations benefitted President Bongo, according to the Mission's report.
773:, in power since 1967 and the longest-serving African head of state, was re-elected to another seven-year term according to poll results returned from elections held on November 27, 2005. According to figures provided by Gabon's Interior Ministry, this was achieved with 79.1% of the votes cast. In 2003 the President amended the
647:. In the first post-independence election, held under a parliamentary system, neither party was able to win a majority. The BDG obtained support from three of the four independent legislative deputies, and M'Ba was named prime minister. Soon after concluding that Gabon had an insufficient number of people for a
511:, the creation of the National Council of Democracy that also oversees the guarantee of those rights and a governmental advisory board which deals with economic and social issues. Multi-party legislative elections were held in 1990-91 even though opposition parties had not been declared formally legal.
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Despite further anti-government demonstrations after the untimely death of an opposition leader, the first multi-party
National Assembly elections in almost 30 years took place in September–October 1990, with the PDG garnering a large majority. Following President Bongo's re-election in December 1993
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This coalition appeared to work until
February 1963, when the larger BDG forced the UDSG members to choose between a merger of the parties or resignation. The UDSG cabinet ministers resigned, and M'Ba called an election for February 1964 and a reduced number of National Assembly deputies (from 67 to
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Opposition to the PDG continued, however, and in
September 1990, two coup attempts were uncovered and aborted. Economic discontent and a desire for political liberalization provoked violent demonstrations and strikes by students and workers in early 1990. In response to grievances by workers, Bongo
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that followed the 1993 election. The president retains strong powers, such as authority to dissolve the
National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, conduct referendums, and appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet members. For administrative purposes, Gabon is divided
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requirement. In an attempt to guide the political system's transformation to multi-party democracy, Bongo resigned as PDG chairman and created a transitional government headed by a new Prime
Minister, Casimir Oye-Mba. The Gabonese Social Democratic Grouping (RSDG), as the resulting government was
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re-established his government the next day. Elections were held in April with many opposition participants. BDG-supported candidates won 31 seats and the opposition 16. Late in 1966, the constitution was revised to provide for automatic succession of the vice president should the president die in
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to remove any restrictions on the number of terms a president is allowed to serve. The president retains strong powers, such as authority to dissolve the
National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, conduct referendums, and appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet
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President Omar Ali Bongo narrowly beat rival Jean Ping in the official results of the presidential election in 2016. With results showing a trend of success for Ping, the final province's results were released after significant delays, showing a remarkable 99.5% support for President Bongo in
571:. After approval by the National Assembly, the PDG Central Committee, and the president, the Assembly unanimously adopted the constitution in March 1991. Multi-party legislative elections were held in 1990-91 although opposition parties had not been declared formally legal.
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branch. The judicial branch is technically independent and equal to the two other branches, although in practice, since its judges are appointed by the president, it is beholden to the same president. Since independence the party system is dominated by the conservative
578:, National Assembly. In January 1991, the Assembly passed by unanimous vote a law governing the legalization of opposition parties. The president was re-elected in a disputed election in 1993 with 51% of votes cast. Social and political disturbances led to the 1994
555:. The government in 1990 made major changes in the political system. A transitional constitution was drafted in May as an outgrowth of a national political conference in March–April and later revised by a constitutional committee. Among its provisions were a
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The president is elected by popular vote for a seven-year term. He appoints the prime minister. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president. President
706:, ending the Bongo family's 55-year hold on power, named Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as the country's transitional leader. On 4 September 2023, General Nguema was sworn in as interim president of Gabon.
651:, the two party leaders agreed on a single list of candidates. In the February 1961 election, held under the new presidential system, M'Ba became president and Aubame foreign minister.
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47). The UDSG failed to muster a list of candidates able to meet the requirements of the electoral decrees. When the BDG appeared likely to win the election by default, the
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office. In March 1967, Leon M'Ba and Omar Bongo (then Albert Bongo) were elected president and vice president. M'Ba died later that year, and Omar Bongo became president.
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was re-elected in December 1998, with 66% of the votes cast. Although the main opposition parties claimed the elections had been manipulated, there was none of the
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consists of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
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has 120 deputies elected for a five-year term. The president is elected by
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https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/declaration_preliminaire_29.08.pdf
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937:"Gabon coup leader Brice Nguema vows free elections - but no date"
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process, freedom of assembly and press, and cancellation of the
919:"Gabon coup leaders name Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as new leader"
838:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
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that is formed by the two chambers of parliament, and the
523:(revised in 1975 and rewritten in 1991), Gabon became a
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https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/
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toppled M'Ba in a bloodless coup on February 18, 1964.
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in 1960, two principal political parties existed: the
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takes place in a framework of a republic whereby the
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539:for a seven-year term. The president appoints the
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396:introducing citations to additional sources
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615:. The president appoints the provincial
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386:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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702:On 31 August 2023, army officers who
619:, the prefects, and the subprefects.
607:, which are further divided into 36
586:were adopted to create an appointed
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887:Original text of this article from
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24:
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878:, Ogooue-Maritime and Woleu-Ntem.
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836:List of political parties in Gabon
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834:For other political parties, see
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1281:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1051:Democratic Republic of the Congo
810:and nine members appointed by a
379:relies largely or entirely on a
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830:Political parties and elections
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580:Paris Conference and Accords
271:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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633:Bloc Democratique Gabonais
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862:Administrative divisions
531:form of government. The
471:and in effect, also the
176:Administrative divisions
735:Transitional President
515:Political developments
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289:Diplomatic missions of
101:Joseph Owondault Berre
1451:West Africa Campaign
1196:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1056:Republic of the Congo
775:Constitution of Gabon
748:Armed Forces of Gabon
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161:Jean-François Ndongou
715:Main office-holders
629:Gabon's independence
623:Political conditions
392:improve this article
193:Cantons and communes
1271:States with limited
982:Politics of Africa
943:. 4 September 2023.
804:Assemblée Nationale
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645:Jean-Hilaire Aubame
611:and eight separate
551:of the independent
407:"Politics of Gabon"
279:RĂ©gis Onanga Ndiaye
88:Brice Oligui Nguema
18:Government of Gabon
1641:Telecommunications
891:World Factbook at
840:Elections in Gabon
782:Legislative branch
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537:universal suffrage
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465:president of Gabon
113:Raymond Ndong Sima
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1446:Kingdom of Orungu
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1071:Equatorial Guinea
925:. 31 August 2023.
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212:Recent elections
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145:Paulette Missambo
34:Politics of Gabon
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1111:Guinea-Bissau
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553:Supreme Court
550:
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512:
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469:head of state
466:
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409: –
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1682:Demographics
1543:
1436:French Congo
1346:Saint Helena
1317:
1221:South Africa
1211:Sierra Leone
1090:
1016:Burkina Faso
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856:Cour Supreme
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529:presidential
521:constitution
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448:January 2019
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64:Human rights
57:Constitution
33:
26:
1707:LGBT rights
1505:Departments
1273:recognition
1226:South Sudan
1116:Ivory Coast
876:Ogooué-Lolo
609:prefectures
576:multi-party
481:legislative
311:Visa policy
188:Departments
1576:Parliament
1510:Ecoregions
1328:(Portugal)
1286:Somaliland
1206:Seychelles
1171:Mozambique
1156:Mauritania
1141:Madagascar
1096:The Gambia
1031:Cape Verde
882:References
794:) has two
788:Parliament
739:Incumbent
693:Libreville
639:, and the
603:into nine
596:Omar Bongo
501:Omar Bongo
418:newspapers
129:Parliament
76:Government
1717:Languages
1687:Education
1651:Transport
1598:President
1556:Elections
1525:Provinces
1488:Geography
1161:Mauritius
816:president
792:Parlement
778:members.
684:exit visa
680:budgetary
637:Leon M'Ba
617:governors
605:provinces
569:judiciary
477:executive
388:talk page
206:Elections
183:Provinces
157:President
141:President
82:President
1782:Category
1767:Category
1732:Religion
1571:Military
1544:Politics
1530:Wildlife
1426:Timeline
1410:articles
1352: /
1348: /
1341:(France)
1335: /
1313: /
1309: /
1261:Zimbabwe
1236:Tanzania
1086:Ethiopia
1081:Eswatini
1061:Djibouti
1026:Cameroon
1011:Botswana
941:BBC News
923:BBC News
850:Gabon's
796:chambers
525:republic
485:judicial
301:Passport
293:in Gabon
275:Minister
1751:Outline
1677:Cuisine
1665:Society
1646:Tourism
1624:Economy
1418:History
1337:RĂ©union
1333:Mayotte
1324:Madeira
1319:(Spain)
1315:Melilla
1246:Tunisia
1216:Somalia
1201:Senegal
1186:Nigeria
1176:Namibia
1166:Morocco
1131:Liberia
1126:Lesotho
1076:Eritrea
1046:Comoros
1021:Burundi
996:Algeria
762:Vacant
720:Office
559:-style
557:Western
545:cabinet
527:with a
503:Ondimba
432:scholar
1712:Health
1636:Energy
1586:Senate
1520:Places
1500:Cities
1408:
1356:
1339:
1326:
1256:Zambia
1251:Uganda
1191:Rwanda
1146:Malawi
1106:Guinea
1001:Angola
868:Nyanga
820:Senate
818:. The
814:- the
798:. The
729:Since
726:Party
588:Senate
549:judges
547:, and
543:, the
434:
427:
420:
413:
405:
136:Senate
1758:Index
1727:Music
1722:Media
1697:Films
1406:Gabon
1311:Ceuta
1231:Sudan
1181:Niger
1136:Libya
1121:Kenya
1101:Ghana
1091:Gabon
1066:Egypt
1006:Benin
824:SĂ©nat
723:Name
461:Gabon
439:JSTOR
425:books
1702:Flag
1241:Togo
1151:Mali
1041:Chad
786:The
411:news
242:2023
237:2018
225:2023
220:2016
854:or
467:is
394:by
1784::
939:.
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874:,
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353:e
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