313:
290:
212:
187:
564:
2294:
319:
218:
40:
1111:. Through lineage tracing and timelapse microscopy, the effects of GSC on neighboring cell fates could be observed. In an experiment that injected cells with GSC and observed the effects of uninjected cells, GSC recruited neighboring uninjected cells in the dorsal blastopore lip of the Xenopus gastrula to form a twinned dorsal axis, suggesting that the goosecoid protein plays a role in the regulation and migration of cells during
1203:
mutation die within 24 hours due to complication with breathing and sucking milk, resulting from the craniofacial abnormalities caused by the mutation. Mutations to the Gsc gene in humans can lead to a condition known as SAMS syndrome, characterized by short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities.
1240:
and Îł-catenin expression in epithelial cells. Studies have shown that in highly metastatic ovarian, lung, breast, and other cancer cells, GSC is highly expressed early in the progression of the tumor. Furthermore, high levels of GSC expression in cancer cells correlates with poor survival rates and
1178:
in the future head region of the embryo to become epidermis; it instead allows the future head region to form neural folds, which will eventually turn into the brain and spinal cord. For normal anterior development to occur, Spemann’s organizer cannot express the Xwnt-8 or BMP-4 transcription
1202:
Mutations in the Gsc gene can lead to specific phenotypes resulting from the second expression of the Gsc gene during organogenesis. Mice knock-out models of the gene express defects in the tongue, nasal cavity, nasal pits, inner ear, and external auditory meatus. Neonate mice born with this
1198:
A mutation in the GSC gene causes short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities (SAMS). SAMS was previously thought to be an autosomal-recessive disorder but studies with molecular karyotyping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) has shown otherwise.
2084:
Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, Bose R, Liu Z, Donovan RS, Shinjo F, Liu Y, Dembowy J, Taylor IW, Luga V, Przulj N, Robinson M, Suzuki H, Hayashizaki Y, Jurisica I, Wrana JL (March 2005). "High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells".
66:
1241:
thus can be used as a prognostic tool. High expression of GSC also correlates with the chemoresistance of the cancer. Therefore, GSC “primes cells for the expression of aggressive phenotypes” and “may be the most potential biomarker of drug response and poor prognosis.”
1215:
in cell migration during embryonic development, GSC has been looked into as a potential role-player in cancer development and metastasis, since embryonic development and cancer development share similar characteristics. GSC, along with other transcription factors like
1166:
and head defects in zebrafish. Although, knock-out studies in mice showed that the GSC gene is not required for gastrulation, knocking out the gene results in there still being a reduction of the base of the cranium. A mutation in the GSC gene in
1789:
Lemire EG, Hildes-Ripstein GE, Reed MH, Chudley AE (January 1998). "SAMS: provisionally unique multiple congenital anomalies syndrome consisting of short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities".
1131:, but through whole-exome sequencing, it was discovered that SAMS is the result of a mutation of the GSC gene. The data collected from the whole-exome sequencing, as well as the phenotypical presentation of SAMS, indicates that in
1179:
factors. GSC directly represses the expression of Xwnt-8 while indirectly repressing BMP-4. The inhibition of Xwnt-8 and BMP-4 ensures that normal anterior development, promoted by
Spemann’s organizer, can occur.
326:
225:
1356:
Blum M, De
Robertis EM, Kojis T, Heinzmann C, Klisak I, Geissert D, Sparkes RS (May 1994). "Molecular cloning of the human homeobox gene goosecoid (GSC) and mapping of the gene to human chromosome 14q32.1".
1118:
It is not clear how GSC conducts this organizational function. Errors in the formation of goosecoid protein in mice and humans have a range of consequences on the developing embryo typically in regions of
2130:
Namciu SJ, Friedman RD, Marsden MD, Sarausad LM, Jasoni CL, Fournier RE (March 2004). "Sequence organization and matrix attachment regions of the human serine protease inhibitor gene cluster at 14q32.1".
1754:
Yamada G, Ueno K, Nakamura S, Hanamure Y, Yasui K, Uemura M, Eizuru Y, Mansouri A, Blum M, Sugimura K (April 1997). "Nasal and pharyngeal abnormalities caused by the mouse goosecoid gene mutation".
1123:
cell derivatives, the hip and shoulder joints, and craniofacial development. Short stature, auditory canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities (SAMS) was thought to be a rare
2170:"Joint regulation of the MAP1B promoter by HNF3beta/Foxa2 and Engrailed is the result of a highly conserved mechanism for direct interaction of homeoproteins and Fox transcription factors"
1182:
The expression of GSC occurs twice in development, first during gastrulation and second during organogenesis. GSC is found in high concentrations in the dorsal mesoderm and
1399:"SAMS, a syndrome of short stature, auditory-canal atresia, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal abnormalities is a unique neurocristopathy caused by mutations in Goosecoid"
798:
817:
148:
2293:
1599:
Goriely A, Stella M, Coffinier C, Kessler D, Mailhos C, Dessain S, Desplan C (May 1996). "A functional homologue of goosecoid in
Drosophila".
1299:
1317:
1716:
1803:
1024:
1994:
Schlade-Bartusiak K, Macintyre G, Zunich J, Cox DW (January 2008). "A child with deletion (14)(q24.3q32.13) and auditory neuropathy".
1513:"The role of gsc and BMP-4 in dorsal-ventral patterning of the marginal zone in Xenopus: a loss-of-function study using antisense RNA"
1017:
1190:, cells that express GSC become the pharyngeal endoderm, the head's mesoderm, ventral skeletal tissue of the head, and the notocord.
1562:"Goosecoid is not an essential component of the mouse gastrula organizer but is required for craniofacial and rib development"
2322:
2273:
1282:
1150:
The GSC gene defines neural-crest cell-fate specification and contributes to dorsal-ventral patterning. Over activation in
63:
1827:"Mesenchyme Forkhead 1 (FOXC2) plays a key role in metastasis and is associated with aggressive basal-like breast cancers"
1825:
Mani SA, Yang J, Brooks M, Schwaninger G, Zhou A, Miura N, Kutok JL, Hartwell K, Richardson AL, Weinberg RA (June 2007).
1261:
312:
17:
289:
1951:"Overexpression of goosecoid homeobox is associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma"
1286:
1265:
862:
1674:
211:
186:
843:
1464:
Niehrs C, Keller R, Cho KW, De
Robertis EM (1993). "The homeobox gene goosecoid controls cell migration in
1159:
128:
1174:
GSC gene promotes the formation of
Spemann’s Organizer. This organizer prevents BMP-4 from inducing the
1673:
Yamada G, Mansouri A, Torres M, Stuart ET, Blum M, Schultz M, De
Robertis EM, Gruss P (September 1995).
1217:
325:
224:
2266:
1108:
318:
217:
115:
1675:"Targeted mutation of the murine goosecoid gene results in craniofacial defects and neonatal death"
136:
1446:
1338:
1636:"Goosecoid promotes head organizer activity by direct repression of Xwnt8 in Spemann's organizer"
1000:
979:
953:
932:
2245:
1949:
Kang KW, Lee MJ, Song JA, Jeong JY, Kim YK, Lee C, Kim TH, Kwak KB, Kim OJ, An HJ (July 2014).
1397:
Parry DA, Logan CV, Stegmann AP, Abdelhamed ZA, Calder A, Khan S, et al. (December 2013).
1128:
1186:
during gastrulation. The later expression of GSC is confined to the head region. In the frog
1093:
gene. Like other homeobox proteins, goosecoid functions as a transcription factor involved in
200:
2259:
2094:
2044:
1900:
1838:
1212:
8:
156:
2098:
2048:
1904:
1842:
2156:
2118:
2067:
2032:
2031:
Hartwell KA, Muir B, Reinhardt F, Carpenter AE, Sgroi DC, Weinberg RA (December 2006).
2019:
1923:
1888:
1887:
Hartwell KA, Muir B, Reinhardt F, Carpenter AE, Sgroi DC, Weinberg RA (December 2006).
1861:
1826:
1560:
Rivera-PĂ©rez JA, Mallo M, Gendron-Maguire M, Gridley T, Behringer RR (September 1995).
1528:
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1423:
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160:
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2110:
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2011:
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1928:
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1697:
1655:
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1581:
1542:
1485:
1481:
1428:
1374:
108:
56:
2122:
2023:
2216:
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2160:
2140:
2102:
2062:
2052:
2003:
1962:
1918:
1908:
1856:
1846:
1799:
1763:
1732:
1728:
1717:"Mesoderm induction and origins of the embryonic axis: goosecoid and the organizer"
1689:
1647:
1608:
1573:
1532:
1524:
1497:
1477:
1418:
1410:
1366:
405:
336:
280:
235:
1782:
140:
380:
164:
1322:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1304:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1162:. Conversely, loss-of-functions analysis indirectly prevented head formation in
2037:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1893:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1831:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1708:
1414:
481:
2144:
1561:
1511:
Steinbeisser H, Fainsod A, Niehrs C, Sasai Y, De Robertis EM (November 1995).
563:
2316:
2203:
Danilov V, Blum M, Schweickert A, Campione M, Steinbeisser H (January 1998).
2168:
Foucher I, Montesinos ML, Volovitch M, Prochiantz A, Trembleau A (May 2003).
1237:
1142:
and other mesodermal patterning, notably joints like the shoulders and hips.
1094:
592:
2106:
2057:
1913:
1851:
1651:
541:
419:
2205:"Negative autoregulation of the organizer-specific homeobox gene goosecoid"
2195:
2152:
2114:
2076:
2015:
1976:
1932:
1870:
1804:
10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19980123)75:3<256::aid-ajmg5>3.0.co;2-o
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1432:
1370:
1136:
1120:
1112:
398:
177:
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1811:
1775:
1740:
1701:
1620:
1585:
1546:
1489:
1378:
1064:
1059:
2302:: Solution structure of the homeobox domain of Homeobox protein goosecoid
2007:
1967:
1950:
1233:
1135:, the goosecoid protein is involved with the regulation and migration of
907:
888:
621:
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
1559:
1229:
297:
194:
144:
39:
2186:
2169:
85:
1666:
1139:
1124:
762:
626:
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
616:
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
364:
351:
263:
250:
152:
2167:
1993:
1747:
1183:
1175:
1155:
1083:
1048:
2033:"The Spemann organizer gene, Goosecoid, promotes tumor metastasis"
1889:"The Spemann organizer gene, Goosecoid, promotes tumor metastasis"
1714:
1099:
1086:
874:
829:
747:
743:
572:
1788:
132:
2083:
1132:
1032:
784:
2251:
2202:
2030:
1886:
1715:
De Robertis E, Blum M, Niehrs C, Steinbeisser H (April 1992).
1510:
2129:
1598:
1355:
1225:
1221:
703:
signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression
1396:
1107:
is thought to play a crucial role in the phenomenon of the
1753:
1672:
1463:
1824:
1333:
1331:
718:
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
388:
1154:
promotes dorso-anterior migration and dorsalization of
1328:
1232:
transitions by regulating the cell adhesion proteins
553:
1756:
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
1278:
1276:
1274:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1627:
335:
234:
2314:
1948:
1882:
1880:
1271:
1250:
27:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1283:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021095
2267:
1877:
1206:
1944:
1942:
1392:
1390:
1388:
683:negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
1996:American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A
1262:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133937
2274:
2260:
1633:
1457:
713:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
2220:
2185:
2066:
2056:
1966:
1939:
1922:
1912:
1860:
1850:
1536:
1422:
1385:
668:embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis
14:
2315:
2255:
693:dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
340:
301:
296:
239:
198:
193:
1792:American Journal of Medical Genetics
678:neural crest cell fate specification
2209:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
24:
1986:
1529:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00208.x
1403:American Journal of Human Genetics
698:anatomical structure morphogenesis
673:multicellular organism development
25:
2334:
2239:
1634:Yao J, Kessler DS (August 2001).
1089:that is encoded in humans by the
2292:
562:
324:
317:
311:
288:
223:
216:
210:
185:
38:
2281:
1818:
1592:
1553:
1504:
1158:tissue of the cells along with
642:transcription regulator complex
1733:10.1242/dev.116.Supplement.167
1439:
1349:
1310:
1292:
573:More reference expression data
542:More reference expression data
442:olfactory zone of nasal mucosa
13:
1:
1244:
606:sequence-specific DNA binding
309:
208:
2323:Genes on human chromosome 14
1482:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90069-3
1193:
7:
1451:Interactive Fly, Drosophila
1343:Interactive Fly, Drosophila
1145:
454:right lobe of thyroid gland
446:subcutaneous adipose tissue
10:
2339:
1415:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.027
1207:Role in cancer development
1077:Homeobox protein goosecoid
1025:Chr 12: 104.44 – 104.44 Mb
728:muscle organ morphogenesis
458:left lobe of thyroid gland
119:, SAMS, goosecoid homeobox
2287:
2145:10.1007/s00335-003-2311-y
1318:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1300:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1109:Spemann-Mangold organizer
1063:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1012:
997:
993:
976:
972:
965:
950:
946:
929:
925:
918:
905:
901:
886:
882:
873:
860:
856:
841:
837:
828:
815:
811:
796:
792:
783:
768:
761:
757:
741:
591:
587:
570:
561:
552:
539:
488:
479:
426:
417:
387:
379:
375:
358:
345:
308:
287:
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274:
257:
244:
207:
184:
175:
171:
126:
123:
113:
106:
101:
82:
77:
60:
55:
50:
46:
37:
32:
1018:Chr 14: 94.77 – 94.77 Mb
733:middle ear morphogenesis
2107:10.1126/science.1105776
2058:10.1073/pnas.0608636103
1914:10.1073/pnas.0608636103
1852:10.1073/pnas.0703900104
1652:10.1242/dev.128.15.2975
1228:, induce epithelial to
1768:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6315
1694:10.1242/dev.121.9.2917
1613:10.1242/dev.122.5.1641
1578:10.1242/dev.121.9.3005
1371:10.1006/geno.1994.1281
1129:developmental disorder
2222:10.1074/jbc.273.1.627
1211:Due to its role as a
688:forebrain development
508:mandibular prominence
342:12 E|12 54.32 cM
303:Chromosome 12 (mouse)
201:Chromosome 14 (human)
2008:10.1002/ajmg.a.32064
1968:10.3892/or.2014.3203
1213:transcription factor
450:gastrocnemius muscle
78:List of PDB id codes
51:Available structures
2099:2005Sci...307.1621B
2049:2006PNAS..10318969H
1905:2006PNAS..10318969H
1843:2007PNAS..10410069M
1447:"Chicken Goosecoid"
1339:"Xenopus Goosecoid"
2246:The Goosecoid Page
863:ENSMUSG00000021095
661:Biological process
635:Cellular component
599:Molecular function
2310:
2309:
2187:10.1242/dev.00414
1074:
1073:
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1069:
1043:
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1007:
987:
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894:
869:
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849:
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535:
534:
473:
472:
371:
370:
270:
269:
97:
96:
93:
92:
61:Ortholog search:
18:Goosecoid protein
16:(Redirected from
2330:
2296:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2248:at hhmi.ucla.edu
2234:
2224:
2199:
2189:
2164:
2133:Mammalian Genome
2126:
2093:(5715): 1621–5.
2080:
2070:
2060:
2043:(50): 18969–74.
2027:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1955:Oncology Reports
1946:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1899:(50): 18969–74.
1884:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1837:(24): 10069–74.
1822:
1816:
1815:
1786:
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1779:
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1745:
1744:
1712:
1706:
1705:
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1517:The EMBO Journal
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1269:
1259:
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1055:
1027:
1020:
1003:
991:
990:
982:
970:
969:
966:RefSeq (protein)
956:
944:
943:
935:
923:
922:
899:
898:
880:
879:
854:
853:
835:
834:
809:
808:
790:
789:
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758:
589:
588:
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566:
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484:
482:Top expressed in
477:
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422:
420:Top expressed in
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88:
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30:
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21:
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1989:
1987:Further reading
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1713:
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1671:
1667:
1646:(15): 2975–87.
1632:
1628:
1597:
1593:
1558:
1554:
1523:(21): 5230–43.
1509:
1505:
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1209:
1196:
1148:
1065:View/Edit Mouse
1060:View/Edit Human
1023:
1016:
1013:Location (UCSC)
999:
978:
952:
931:
844:ENSG00000133937
737:
708:ear development
656:
630:
571:
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531:
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438:muscle of thigh
436:
434:Achilles tendon
432:
418:
362:
349:
341:
331:
330:
329:
322:
302:
279:Gene location (
261:
248:
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230:
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228:
221:
199:
176:Gene location (
165:GSC - orthologs
127:
114:
107:
84:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2326:
2325:
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2240:External links
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1982:
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1746:
1727:(1): 167–171.
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1688:(9): 2917–22.
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1626:
1607:(5): 1641–50.
1591:
1572:(9): 3005–12.
1552:
1503:
1476:(4): 491–503.
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1438:
1409:(6): 1135–42.
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870:
867:
866:
858:
857:
851:
848:
847:
839:
838:
832:
826:
825:
822:
821:
813:
812:
806:
803:
802:
794:
793:
787:
781:
780:
775:
770:
766:
765:
755:
754:
751:
750:
739:
738:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
664:
662:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:
644:
638:
636:
632:
631:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
600:
596:
595:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
568:
567:
556:
550:
549:
546:
545:
537:
536:
533:
532:
530:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:female urethra
489:
486:
485:
474:
471:
470:
468:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:
411:
410:
402:
391:
385:
384:
381:RNA expression
373:
372:
369:
368:
360:
356:
355:
347:
344:
339:
333:
332:
323:
316:
310:
306:
305:
300:
294:
293:
285:
284:
272:
271:
268:
267:
259:
255:
254:
246:
243:
238:
232:
231:
222:
215:
209:
205:
204:
197:
191:
190:
182:
181:
169:
168:
125:
121:
120:
112:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
80:
79:
71:
70:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2335:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2301:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2215:(1): 627–35.
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:(3): 162–78.
2138:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:(1): 117–23.
2001:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1961:(1): 189–98.
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:(3): 256–60.
1797:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:(2): 388–93.
1364:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:morphogenesis
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1002:
996:
992:
989:
983:
981:
975:
971:
968:
964:
957:
955:
949:
945:
942:
936:
934:
928:
924:
921:
919:RefSeq (mRNA)
917:
910:
909:
904:
900:
897:
891:
890:
885:
881:
878:
876:
872:
865:
864:
859:
855:
852:
846:
845:
840:
836:
833:
831:
827:
820:
819:
814:
810:
807:
801:
800:
795:
791:
788:
786:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
749:
745:
740:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
660:
659:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
634:
633:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:Gene ontology
590:
586:
574:
569:
565:
560:
557:
555:
551:
543:
538:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
487:
483:
478:
475:
465:
462:apex of heart
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
425:
421:
416:
413:
412:
409:
407:
403:
401:
400:
396:
395:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
366:
361:
357:
353:
348:
338:
334:
327:
320:
314:
307:
299:
295:
291:
286:
282:
277:
273:
265:
260:
256:
252:
247:
237:
233:
226:
219:
213:
206:
202:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
122:
117:
110:
105:
100:
89:
87:
81:
76:
73:
72:
68:
65:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2299:
2212:
2208:
2177:
2173:
2136:
2132:
2090:
2086:
2040:
2036:
1999:
1995:
1958:
1954:
1896:
1892:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1762:(1): 161–5.
1759:
1755:
1749:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1685:
1681:
1668:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1406:
1402:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1342:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1171:is lethal.
1168:
1163:
1151:
1149:
1137:neural crest
1121:neural crest
1117:
1113:gastrulation
1104:
1098:
1090:
1079:
1076:
1075:
998:
977:
951:
930:
906:
887:
861:
842:
816:
797:
777:
772:
723:gastrulation
652:nuclear body
500:male urethra
404:
397:
363:104,439,589
350:104,437,468
124:External IDs
83:
2282:PDB gallery
2174:Development
1721:Development
1682:Development
1640:Development
1601:Development
1566:Development
1230:mesenchymal
611:DNA binding
512:left atrium
466:granulocyte
262:94,770,113
249:94,768,223
102:Identifiers
1468:embryos".
1289:, May 2017
1268:, May 2017
1245:References
1234:E-cadherin
1169:Drosophila
1156:mesodermal
1140:cell fates
1127:recessive
408:(ortholog)
145:HomoloGene
1238:α-catenin
1194:Mutations
1125:autosomal
1001:NP_034481
980:NP_776248
954:NM_010351
933:NM_173849
763:Orthologs
520:hypoblast
153:GeneCards
2317:Category
2196:12642491
2153:15014966
2123:39457788
2115:15761153
2077:17142318
2024:13536206
2016:18074379
1977:24858567
1933:17142318
1871:17537911
1660:11532920
1433:24290375
1359:Genomics
1285:–
1264:–
1184:endoderm
1176:ectoderm
1146:Function
1084:homeobox
1049:Wikidata
742:Sources:
524:endoderm
504:mandible
430:testicle
241:14q32.13
2231:9417125
2161:8594824
2095:Bibcode
2087:Science
2068:1748161
2045:Bibcode
1924:1748161
1901:Bibcode
1862:1891217
1839:Bibcode
1812:9475592
1776:9144415
1741:1483385
1702:7555718
1621:8625850
1586:7555726
1547:7489713
1498:2147704
1490:8095000
1466:Xenopus
1424:3853132
1379:7916327
1287:Ensembl
1266:Ensembl
1188:Xenopus
1164:Xenopus
1152:Xenopus
1133:mammals
1100:Xenopus
1087:protein
875:UniProt
830:Ensembl
769:Species
748:QuickGO
647:nucleus
496:condyle
383:pattern
109:Aliases
2229:
2194:
2159:
2151:
2121:
2113:
2075:
2065:
2022:
2014:
1975:
1931:
1921:
1869:
1859:
1810:
1774:
1739:
1700:
1658:
1619:
1584:
1545:
1538:394633
1535:
1496:
1488:
1431:
1421:
1377:
1224:, and
1035:search
1033:PubMed
908:Q02591
889:P56915
799:145258
785:Entrez
554:BioGPS
528:embryo
516:embryo
133:138890
2157:S2CID
2119:S2CID
2020:S2CID
1678:(PDF)
1494:S2CID
1226:Snail
1222:FOXC2
1218:Twist
1160:BMP-4
1097:. In
1082:is a
1080:(GSC)
818:14836
778:Mouse
773:Human
744:Amigo
406:Mouse
399:Human
346:Start
281:Mouse
245:Start
178:Human
141:95841
2300:2dmu
2227:PMID
2192:PMID
2149:PMID
2111:PMID
2073:PMID
2012:PMID
2000:146A
1973:PMID
1929:PMID
1867:PMID
1808:PMID
1772:PMID
1737:PMID
1698:PMID
1656:PMID
1617:PMID
1582:PMID
1543:PMID
1486:PMID
1470:Cell
1429:PMID
1375:PMID
389:Bgee
337:Band
298:Chr.
236:Band
195:Chr.
149:7744
129:OMIM
86:2DMU
67:RCSB
64:PDBe
2217:doi
2213:273
2182:doi
2178:130
2141:doi
2103:doi
2091:307
2063:PMC
2053:doi
2041:103
2004:doi
1963:doi
1919:PMC
1909:doi
1897:103
1857:PMC
1847:doi
1835:104
1800:doi
1764:doi
1760:233
1729:doi
1725:116
1690:doi
1686:121
1648:doi
1644:128
1609:doi
1605:122
1574:doi
1570:121
1533:PMC
1525:doi
1478:doi
1419:PMC
1411:doi
1367:doi
1115:.
1105:GSC
1091:GSC
359:End
258:End
161:OMA
157:GSC
137:MGI
116:GSC
57:PDB
33:GSC
2319::
2225:.
2211:.
2207:.
2190:.
2176:.
2172:.
2155:.
2147:.
2137:15
2135:.
2117:.
2109:.
2101:.
2089:.
2071:.
2061:.
2051:.
2039:.
2035:.
2018:.
2010:.
1998:.
1971:.
1959:32
1957:.
1953:.
1941:^
1927:.
1917:.
1907:.
1895:.
1891:.
1879:^
1865:.
1855:.
1845:.
1833:.
1829:.
1806:.
1796:75
1794:.
1770:.
1758:.
1735:.
1723:.
1719:.
1696:.
1684:.
1680:.
1654:.
1642:.
1638:.
1615:.
1603:.
1580:.
1568:.
1564:.
1541:.
1531:.
1521:14
1519:.
1515:.
1492:.
1484:.
1474:72
1472:.
1449:.
1427:.
1417:.
1407:93
1405:.
1401:.
1387:^
1373:.
1363:21
1361:.
1341:.
1330:^
1320:.
1302:.
1273:^
1252:^
1236:,
1220:,
1103:,
746:/
365:bp
352:bp
264:bp
251:bp
159:;
155::
151:;
147::
143:;
139::
135:;
131::
2275:e
2268:t
2261:v
2233:.
2219::
2198:.
2184::
2163:.
2143::
2125:.
2105::
2097::
2079:.
2055::
2047::
2026:.
2006::
1979:.
1965::
1935:.
1911::
1903::
1873:.
1849::
1841::
1814:.
1802::
1778:.
1766::
1743:.
1731::
1704:.
1692::
1662:.
1650::
1623:.
1611::
1588:.
1576::
1549:.
1527::
1500:.
1480::
1453:.
1435:.
1413::
1381:.
1369::
1345:.
1324:.
1306:.
283:)
180:)
163::
20:)
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