555:, with the name "Google" being an accidental misspelling of "googol" by the company's founders, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information. In 2004, family members of Kasner, who had inherited the right to his book, were considering suing Google for their use of the term "googol"; however, no suit was ever filed.
558:
Since
October 2009, Google has been assigning domain names to its servers under the domain "1e100.net", the scientific notation for 1 googol, in order to provide a single domain to identify servers across the Google network.
496:
694:
399:
938:
573:
521:
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 4, 3, 4, 10, 0, 4, 10, 9, 0, 4, 12, 13, 16, 0, 16, 10, 4, 16, 10, 5, 0, 1, 4, 25, 28, 10, 28, 16, 0, 1, 4, 31, 12, 10, 36, 27, 16, 11, 0, ... (sequence
179:
416:
238:
A googol has no special significance in mathematics. However, it is useful when comparing with other very large quantities, such as the number of
250:, and in this role it is sometimes used in teaching mathematics. To put in perspective the size of a googol, the mass of an electron, just under
564:
934:
982:
699:
The relevant passage about the googol and googolplex, attributing both of these names to Kasner's nine-year-old nephew, is available in
678:
882:
528:
1138:
1008:
803:
Page, Don N. (1976-01-15). "Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole".
1090:
499:
633:
858:
737:
710:
658:
961:
362:
1412:
1041:
688:
562:
The word is notable for being the subject of the ÂŁ1 million question in a 2001 episode of the
British quiz show
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
341:
198:
908:
193:
954:
Masters of
Mathematics: The Problems They Solved, Why These Are Important, and What You Should Know about Them
1447:
1327:
141:
1332:
1322:
1262:
1277:
1131:
310:
grains. If the much larger observable universe of today were filled with sand, it would still only equal
1422:
510:
406:
337:
188:
The term was coined in 1920 by 9-year-old Milton
Sirotta (1911–1981), nephew of American mathematician
1521:
1407:
1272:
1516:
1485:
314:
grains. Another 100,000 observable universes filled with sand would be necessary to make a googol.
978:
1506:
1480:
1375:
1124:
1030:
Falk, Quentin; Falk, Ben (2005), "A Code and a Cough: Who Wants to Be a
Millionaire? (1998–)",
761:
605:
348:
203:
119:
1031:
665:
1442:
1432:
1370:
410:
1033:
Television's
Strangest Moments: Extraordinary But True Tales from the History of Television
886:
812:
303:
246:
game. Kasner used it to illustrate the difference between an unimaginably large number and
8:
1317:
239:
227:
816:
1365:
1267:
1257:
590:
506:
1004:
1511:
1282:
1061:
1037:
957:
854:
828:
733:
706:
684:
654:
595:
329:
298:
1102:
625:
276:
pointed out that the total number of elementary particles in the universe is around
1467:
1287:
1237:
820:
281:
40:
10 or ten to the power of one hundred. In decimal notation, it is written as the
1427:
848:
727:
648:
41:
1457:
1348:
1247:
569:
491:{\displaystyle 10^{100}=2^{(100/\mathrm {log} _{10}2)}\approx 2^{332.19280949}}
306:(roughly 2 light years in diameter), if fully packed with sand, would contain
1500:
1417:
1192:
1172:
1147:
832:
536:
189:
26:
1064:
824:
254:, can be compared to the mass of the visible universe, estimated at between
1452:
37:
705:. Vol. 3. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. pp. 2007–2010.
1462:
1402:
1098:
242:
in the visible universe or the number of hypothetical possibilities in a
211:
127:
1252:
1082:
785:
585:
551:
Widespread sounding of the word occurs through the name of the company
540:
324:
318:
293:
273:
219:
135:
45:
912:
288:
so that there would be no empty space anywhere, there would be around
270:, or at most one ten-billionth of a googol (0.00000001% of a googol).
192:. He may have been inspired by the contemporary comic strip character
1358:
1353:
1187:
1069:
498:. However, a googol is well within the maximum bounds of an IEEE 754
402:
732:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 494.
292:. He also noted the similarity of the second calculation to that of
1292:
600:
344:
is lower-bounded to occur at least one googol years in the future.
247:
1182:
285:
1116:
1078:
1437:
1177:
552:
22:
676:
243:
523:
1167:
729:
576:
with the help of a confederate in the studio audience.
413:, one would need 333 bits to represent a googol, i.e.,
1088:
853:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 20.
517:) of one googol, starting with mod 1, is as follows:
419:
365:
144:
935:"Have your Google people talk to my 'googol' people"
490:
393:
284:) and that if the whole universe were packed with
196:. Kasner popularized the concept in his 1940 book
173:
979:"Google doppelgänger casts riddle over interwebs"
1498:
760:McPherson, Kristine (2006). Elert, Glenn (ed.).
626:"There Could Be No Google Without Edward Kasner"
394:{\displaystyle 70!\approx 1.1979\times 10^{100}}
1059:
811:(2). American Physical Society (APS): 198–206.
700:
302:. By Archimedes's calculation, the universe of
214:(commonly used in English speaking countries),
502:type without full precision in the mantissa.
18:Large number defined as ten to the 100th power
1132:
956:. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. p. 221.
646:
1139:
1125:
1036:, Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 245–246,
976:
792:. Book Club Associates. pp. 220–221.
759:
677:Kasner, Edward; Newman, James R. (1940).
535:This sequence is the same as that of the
1029:
653:. Oxford University Press. p. 120.
347:A googol is considerably smaller than a
846:
725:
636:from the original on November 30, 2016.
1499:
951:
880:
623:
262:. It is a ratio in the order of about
174:{\displaystyle 2^{100}\times 5^{100}.}
1120:
1060:
885:. Stanford University. Archived from
784:
802:
1011:from the original on 9 January 2016
850:Infinity: A Very Short Introduction
796:
359:A googol is approximately equal to
13:
650:The Hidden History of Coined Words
546:
457:
454:
451:
317:The decay time for a supermassive
14:
1533:
1413:Indefinite and fictitious numbers
1146:
1053:
985:from the original on 3 March 2016
941:from the original on 2014-09-04.
837:See in particular equation (27).
697:from the original on 2014-07-03.
683:. Simon and Schuster, New York.
574:cheated his way through the show
1023:
997:
970:
945:
927:
901:
680:Mathematics and the Imagination
500:double-precision floating point
321:of roughly 1 galaxy-mass (
199:Mathematics and the Imagination
881:Koller, David (January 2004).
874:
840:
778:
753:
719:
701:James R. Newman, ed. (2000) .
670:
640:
630:The Wall Street Journal Online
624:Bialik, Carl (June 14, 2004).
617:
565:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
470:
438:
138:). Its prime factorization is
1:
1328:Conway chained arrow notation
1089:Padilla, Tony; Symonds, Ria.
977:Cade Metz (8 February 2010).
911:. Google, Inc. Archived from
883:"Origin of the name "Google""
611:
354:
543:up until the 17th position.
183:
7:
579:
10:
1538:
1423:Largest known prime number
952:Nowlan, Robert A. (2017).
206:for this quantity include
44:1 followed by one hundred
20:
1476:
1408:Extended real number line
1388:
1341:
1323:Knuth's up-arrow notation
1310:
1301:
1154:
726:Bromham, Lindell (2016).
216:ten thousand sexdecillion
1333:Steinhaus–Moser notation
703:The world of mathematics
21:Not to be confused with
1091:"Googol and Googolplex"
825:10.1103/physrevd.13.198
572:was discovered to have
233:
1376:Fast-growing hierarchy
909:"Google! Beta website"
762:"Mass of the universe"
606:Names of large numbers
492:
395:
175:
1433:Long and short scales
1371:Grzegorczyk hierarchy
847:Stewart, Ian (2017).
493:
411:binary numeral system
396:
176:
1005:"What is 1e100.net?"
915:on February 21, 1999
766:The Physics Factbook
647:Ralph Keyes (2021).
417:
363:
208:ten duotrigintillion
142:
124:ten duotrigintillion
1448:Orders of magnitude
1318:Scientific notation
817:1976PhRvD..13..198P
666:Extract of page 120
332:is on the order of
240:subatomic particles
228:Peletier long scale
1366:Ackermann function
1062:Weisstein, Eric W.
568:, when contestant
507:modular arithmetic
488:
391:
342:expanding universe
171:
1494:
1493:
1384:
1383:
860:978-0-19-875523-4
805:Physical Review D
739:978-0-19-873636-3
712:978-0-486-41151-4
660:978-0-19-046677-0
405:of 70). Using an
336:. Therefore, the
330:Hawking radiation
299:The Sand Reckoner
224:ten sexdecilliard
132:ten sexdecilliard
1529:
1522:1920s neologisms
1308:
1307:
1238:Eddington number
1183:Hundred thousand
1141:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1075:
1074:
1048:
1046:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
990:
981:. The Register.
974:
968:
967:
949:
943:
942:
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
889:on June 27, 2012
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
844:
838:
836:
800:
794:
793:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
723:
717:
716:
698:
674:
668:
664:
644:
638:
637:
621:
537:residues (mod n)
526:
509:, the series of
497:
495:
494:
489:
487:
486:
474:
473:
466:
465:
460:
448:
429:
428:
400:
398:
397:
392:
390:
389:
335:
327:
313:
309:
291:
282:Eddington number
279:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
180:
178:
177:
172:
167:
166:
154:
153:
115:
113:
111:
109:
107:
105:
103:
101:
99:
97:
95:
93:
91:
89:
87:
85:
83:
81:
79:
77:
75:
73:
71:
69:
67:
65:
63:
61:
59:
57:
55:
53:
51:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1517:Units of amount
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1472:
1428:List of numbers
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1337:
1303:
1297:
1268:Graham's number
1258:Skewes's number
1160:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1108:
1106:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
975:
971:
964:
950:
946:
937:. 16 May 2004.
933:
932:
928:
918:
916:
907:
906:
902:
892:
890:
879:
875:
865:
863:
861:
845:
841:
801:
797:
783:
779:
770:
768:
758:
754:
744:
742:
740:
724:
720:
713:
691:
675:
671:
661:
645:
641:
622:
618:
614:
591:Graham's number
582:
549:
547:Cultural impact
522:
482:
478:
461:
450:
449:
444:
437:
433:
424:
420:
418:
415:
414:
385:
381:
364:
361:
360:
357:
333:
322:
311:
307:
289:
277:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
236:
186:
162:
158:
149:
145:
143:
140:
139:
120:systematic name
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Large integers
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Power of three
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Number systems
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:(alphabetical
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1349:Hyperoperation
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:Moser's number
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:Shannon number
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1086:
1076:
1055:
1054:External links
1052:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1022:
1007:. Google Inc.
996:
969:
963:978-9463008938
962:
944:
926:
900:
873:
859:
839:
795:
777:
752:
738:
718:
711:
689:
669:
659:
639:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
603:
598:
596:Skewes' number
593:
588:
581:
578:
570:Charles Ingram
548:
545:
533:
532:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
464:
459:
456:
453:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
427:
423:
388:
384:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
356:
353:
235:
232:
185:
182:
170:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1534:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Infinitesimal
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Rayo's number
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1148:Large numbers
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1105:on 2014-03-29
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1043:9781861058744
1039:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1010:
1006:
1000:
984:
980:
973:
965:
959:
955:
948:
940:
936:
930:
914:
910:
904:
888:
884:
877:
862:
856:
852:
851:
843:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
791:
787:
781:
767:
763:
756:
741:
735:
731:
730:
722:
714:
708:
704:
696:
692:
690:0-486-41703-4
686:
682:
681:
673:
667:
662:
656:
652:
651:
643:
635:
631:
627:
620:
616:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
577:
575:
571:
567:
566:
560:
556:
554:
544:
542:
538:
530:
525:
520:
519:
518:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
483:
479:
475:
467:
462:
445:
441:
434:
430:
425:
421:
412:
408:
404:
386:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
352:
350:
345:
343:
339:
334:10 years
331:
326:
320:
315:
305:
301:
300:
295:
287:
283:
275:
271:
249:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:
195:
194:Barney Google
191:
190:Edward Kasner
181:
168:
163:
159:
155:
150:
146:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
27:Nikolai Gogol
24:
16:
1453:Power of two
1443:Number names
1242:
1178:Ten thousand
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1094:
1068:
1032:
1025:
1013:. Retrieved
999:
987:. Retrieved
972:
953:
947:
929:
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
903:
891:. Retrieved
887:the original
876:
864:. Retrieved
849:
842:
808:
804:
798:
789:
780:
769:. Retrieved
765:
755:
743:. Retrieved
728:
721:
702:
679:
672:
649:
642:
629:
619:
563:
561:
557:
550:
534:
514:
504:
484:332.19280949
358:
346:
325:solar masses
316:
297:
272:
237:
223:
215:
207:
197:
187:
131:
123:
49:
38:large number
33:
31:
15:
1463:Power of 10
1403:Busy beaver
1208:Quintillion
1203:Quadrillion
1099:Brady Haran
1095:Numberphile
1015:30 December
989:30 December
919:October 12,
786:Sagan, Carl
304:Aristarchus
212:short scale
128:short scale
114:000,
112:000,
110:000,
108:000,
106:000,
104:000,
102:000,
100:000,
98:000,
96:000,
94:000,
92:000,
90:000,
88:000,
86:000,
84:000,
82:000,
80:000,
78:000,
76:000,
74:000,
72:000,
70:000,
68:000,
66:000,
64:000,
62:000,
60:000,
58:000,
56:000,
54:000,
52:000,
1501:Categories
1468:Sagan Unit
1302:Expression
1253:Googolplex
1218:Septillion
1213:Sextillion
1159:numerical
1109:2013-04-06
1083:PlanetMath
771:2019-08-24
612:References
586:Googolplex
541:googolplex
355:Properties
349:centillion
338:heat death
319:black hole
294:Archimedes
274:Carl Sagan
260:10 kg
252:10 kg
220:long scale
136:long scale
116:000
1359:Pentation
1354:Tetration
1342:Operators
1311:Notations
1233:Decillion
1228:Nonillion
1223:Octillion
1155:Examples
1070:MathWorld
866:April 15,
833:0556-2821
745:April 15,
476:≈
403:factorial
379:×
373:≈
328:) due to
184:Etymology
156:×
1512:Integers
1391:articles
1389:Related
1293:Infinity
1198:Trillion
1173:Thousand
1065:"Googol"
1009:Archived
983:Archived
939:Archived
788:(1981).
695:Archived
634:Archived
601:Infinity
580:See also
511:residues
407:integral
323:10
286:neutrons
248:infinity
202:. Other
1486:History
1304:methods
1278:SSCG(3)
1273:TREE(3)
1193:Billion
1188:Million
1168:Hundred
893:July 4,
813:Bibcode
527:in the
524:A066298
226:on the
218:on the
210:on the
36:is the
1395:order)
1243:Googol
1079:Googol
1040:
960:
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790:Cosmos
736:
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687:
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553:Google
505:Using
376:1.1979
340:of an
118:. Its
46:zeroes
34:googol
23:Google
1481:Names
1283:BH(3)
1161:order
539:of a
513:(mod
280:(the
244:chess
222:, or
204:names
130:) or
42:digit
1038:ISBN
1017:2015
991:2015
958:ISBN
921:2010
895:2012
868:2022
855:ISBN
829:ISSN
747:2022
734:ISBN
707:ISBN
685:ISBN
655:ISBN
529:OEIS
258:and
234:Size
1081:at
821:doi
442:100
426:100
387:100
296:in
266:to
164:100
151:100
122:is
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