586:, state in Appendix III that the diameter of a "conforming" golf ball cannot be any smaller than 1.680 inches (42.67 mm), and the weight of the ball may not exceed 1.620 ounces (45.93 g). The ball must also have the basic properties of a spherically symmetrical ball, generally meaning that the ball itself must be spherical and must have a symmetrical arrangement of dimples on its surface. While the ball's dimples must be symmetrical, there is no limit to the number of dimples allowed on a golf ball. Additional rules direct players and manufacturers to other technical documents published by the R&A and USGA with additional restrictions, such as radius and depth of dimples, maximum launch speed from test apparatus (generally defining the
641:
835:
that the resistance to spinning is lower along certain axes of rotation and higher along others. This causes the ball to "settle" into one of these low-resistance axes that (golfers hope) is close to parallel with the ground and perpendicular to the direction of travel, thereby eliminating "sidespin" induced by a slight mishit, which will cause the ball to curve off its intended flight path. A badly mishit ball will still curve, as the ball will settle into a spin axis that is not parallel with the ground which, much like an aircraft's wings, will cause the shot to bank either to the left or to the right.
761:
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increase carry distance, and also provides "bite" which allows a ball to arrest its forward motion at the initial point of impact, bouncing straight up or even backwards, allowing for precision placement of the ball on the green with an approach shot. However, high-spin cover materials, typically being softer, are less durable which shortens the useful life of the ball, and backspin is not desirable on most long-distance shots, such as with the driver, as it causes the shot to "balloon" and then to bite on the fairway, when additional rolling distance is usually desired.
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higher quality, or for new balls, when playing in serious competition. Other grades are typically assigned letters or proprietary terms, and are typically differentiated by the cost and quality of the ball when new and the ability of the firm to restore the ball to "like-new" condition. The "top grade" balls are typically balls that are considered the current state of the art and, after cleaning and surfacing, are indistinguishable externally from a new ball sold by the manufacturer.
903:
company's QC. They are thus a good choice for casual play. However, because the balls have been effectively "disowned" for practical and legal purposes by their manufacturer, they are not considered to be the same as the brand-name balls on the USGA's published
Conforming Golf Ball List. Therefore, when playing in a tournament or other event that requires the ball used by the player to appear on this list as a "condition of competition", X-outs of any kind are illegal.
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844:(130 km/h) or lower) and lose golf balls on the course easily. These balls are made of two layers, with the cover firmer than the core. Their low compression and side spin reduction characteristics suit the lower swing speeds of average golfers quite well. Furthermore, they generally have lower prices than the advanced balls, lessening the financial impact of losing a ball to a hazard or out of bounds.
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give the best flight. He then developed a pattern consisting of regularly spaced indentations over the entire surface, and later tools to help produce such balls in series. Other types of patterned covers were in use at about the same time, including one called a "mesh" and another named the "bramble", but the dimple became the dominant design due to "the superiority of the dimpled cover in flight".
660:, as obtained from laboratory experiments. The dark line is for a sphere with a smooth surface, while the lighter line is for the case of a rough surface (e.g. with small dimples). There is a range of fluid velocities where a rough-surfaced golf ball experiences less drag than a smooth ball. The numbers along the line indicate several flow regimes and associated changes in the drag coefficient:
950:. In this format, each ball used at the range has an RFID with its own unique transponder code. When dispensed, the range registers each dispensed ball to the player, who then hits them towards targets in the range. When the player hits a ball into a target, they receive distance and accuracy information calculated by the computer. The use of this technology was first commercialized by
261:
927:. A wide number of markings are used; a majority of players either simply write their initial in a particular color, or color in a particular arrangement of the dimples on the ball. Many players make multiple markings so that at least one can be seen without having to lift the ball. Marking tools such as stamps and stencils are available to speed the marking process.
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thus greater physical strength to properly compress at impact. If the compression of a golf ball does not match a golfer's swing speed, either a lack of compression or over-compression will occur, resulting in loss of distance. Other choices consumers must make include brand and color, with colored balls and better brands generally being more expensive.
819:"hard feel"). A softer "low-compression" ball will do just the opposite. Golfers typically prefer a softer feel, especially in the "short game", as the softer ball typically also has greater backspin with lofted irons. However, a softer ball reduces drive distance, as it wastes more energy in compression. This makes it more difficult for players to get a
531:, causing eye injuries to children who happened to dissect a golf ball out of curiosity. By the 1920s, golf ball manufacturers had stopped using caustic liquids, but into the 1970s and 1980s golf balls were still at times exploding when dissected and were causing injuries due to the presence of crushed crystalline material present in the liquid cores.
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To accomplish these ends, practice balls are typically harder-cored than even recreational balls, have a firmer, more durable cover to withstand the normal abrasion caused by a club's hitting surface, and are made as cheaply as possible while maintaining a durable, quality product. Practice balls are
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Until 1990, it was permissible to use balls of less than 1.68 inches in diameter in tournaments under the jurisdiction of the R&A, which differed in its ball specifications rules from those of the USGA. This ball was commonly called a "British" ball, while the golf ball approved by the USGA
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sap. The balatá is a tree native to
Central and South America and the Caribbean. The tree is tapped and the soft, viscous fluid released is a rubber-like material similar to gutta-percha, which was found to make an ideal cover for a golf ball. Balatá, however, is relatively soft. If the leading edge
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In addition to recycled balls, casual golfers wishing to procure quality balls at a discount price can often purchase "X-outs". These are "factory seconds" – balls which have failed the manufacturer's quality control testing standards and which the manufacturer therefore does not wish to sell under
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In 1967, Spalding purchased a patent for a solid golf ball from Jim
Bartsch. His original patent defined a ball devoid of the layers in earlier designs, but Bartsch's patent lacked the chemical properties needed for manufacturing. Spalding's chemical engineering team developed a chemical resin that
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Players were able to put additional backspin on the new wound, dimpled balls when using more lofted clubs, thus inducing the ball to stop more quickly on the green. Manufacturers soon began selling various types of golf balls with various dimple patterns to improve the length, trajectory, spin, and
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Alternatively, balls are usually sold pre-marked with the brand and model of golf ball, and also with a letter, number or symbol. This combination can usually (but not always) be used to distinguish a player's ball from other balls in play and from lost or abandoned balls on the course. Companies,
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Typically, the flaw that caused the ball to fail QC does not have a significant effect on its flight characteristics (balls with serious flaws are usually discarded outright at the manufacturing plant), and so these "X-outs" will often perform identically to their counterparts that have passed the
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A practice ball or range ball is similar to a recreational golf ball, but is designed to be inexpensive, durable and have a shorter flight distance, while still retaining the principal behaviors of a "real" golf ball and so providing useful feedback to players. All of these are desirable qualities
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Advanced balls are made of multiple layers (three or more), with a soft cover and firm core. They induce a greater amount of spin from lofted shots (wedges especially), as well as a sensation of softness in the hands in short-range shots. However, these balls require a much greater swing speed and
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Lastly, the pattern of dimples plays a role. By regulation, the arrangement of the dimples on the ball must be as symmetrical as possible. However, the dimples do not all have to be the same size, nor be in a uniform distribution. This allows designers to arrange the dimple patterns in such a way
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company, registered a patent for a dimple design in 1905. William Taylor had realized that golf players were trying to make irregularities on their balls, noticing that used balls were going further than new ones. Hence he decided to make systematic tests to determine what surface formation would
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Titleist's Pro V1, Taylormade TP5, and
Callaway Supersoft exemplify modern advancements in golf ball aerodynamics. The Titleist Pro V1 boasts a tightly wound 388-dimple design, minimizing gaps between dimples for better aerodynamics. On the other hand, the Taylormade TP5 features a combination of
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Along with various other materials that came into use to replace the rubber-wound internal sphere, golf balls came to be classified as either two-piece, three-piece, or four-piece balls, according to the number of layered components. These basic materials continue to be used in modern balls, with
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Accidentally, it was discovered that nicks in the guttie from normal use actually provided a ball with a more consistent ball flight than a guttie with a perfectly smooth surface. Thus, makers began intentionally making indentations into the surface of new balls using either a knife or hammer and
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and coated with paint, usually white in color. A standard featherie used a gentleman's top hat full of feathers. The feathers were boiled and softened before they were stuffed into the leather pouch. Making a featherie was a tedious and time-consuming process. An experienced ball maker could only
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A variety of devices such as nets, harrows, sand rakes etc. have been developed that aid the groundskeeping staff in efficiently collecting these balls from the course as they accumulate. Once collected, they may be discarded, kept by the groundskeeping staff for their own use, repurposed on the
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A key consideration is "compression", typically determined by the hardness of the ball's core layers. A harder "high-compression" ball will fly further because of the more efficient transfer of energy into the ball, but will also transmit more of a shock through the club to the player's hands (a
806:
Golf balls are traditionally white, but are commonly available in other colors, some of which may assist with finding the ball when lost or when playing in low-light or frosty conditions. As well as bearing the maker's name or logo, balls are usually printed with numbers or other symbols to help
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Curvature of the ball flight occurs when the clubface is not aligned perpendicularly to the club direction at impact, leading to an angled spin axis that causes the ball to curve to one side or the other based on difference between the face angle and swing path at impact. Because the ball's spin
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Used or recycled balls with obvious surface deformation, abrasion or other degradation are known informally as "shags", and while they remain useful for various forms of practice drills such as chipping, putting and driving, and can be used for casual play, players usually opt for used balls of
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Another consideration is "spin", affected by compression and by the cover material – a "high-spin" ball allows more of the ball's surface to contact the clubface at impact, allowing the grooves of the clubface to "grip" the ball and induce more backspin at launch. Backspin creates lift that can
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Players, especially novice and casual players, lose a large number of balls during the play of a round. Balls hit into water hazards, penalty areas, buried deeply in sand, and otherwise lost or abandoned during play are a constant source of litter that groundskeepers must contend with, and can
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In the early 1900s, it was found that dimpling the ball provided even more control of the ball's trajectory, flight, and spin. David
Stanley Froy, James McHardy, and Peter G. Fernie received a patent in 1897 for a ball with indentations; Froy played in the Open in 1900 at the Old Course at St.
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Company. While he waited in the plant for Work, Haskell picked up some rubber thread and wound it into a ball. When he bounced the ball, it flew almost to the ceiling. Work suggested
Haskell put a cover on the creation, and that was the birth of the 20th-century wound golf ball that would soon
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country clubs and event organizers commonly have balls printed with their logo as a promotional tool, and some professional players are supplied with balls by their sponsors which have been custom-printed with something unique to that player (their name, signature, or a personal symbol).
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There are many types of golf balls on the market, and customers often face a difficult decision. Golf balls are divided into two categories: recreational and advanced balls. Recreational balls are oriented toward the ordinary golfer, who generally have low swing speeds (80 miles per hour
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its brand name. To avoid a loss of money on materials and labor, however, the balls which still generally conform to the Rules are marked to obscure the brand name (usually with a series of "X"s, hence the most common term "X-out"), packaged in generic boxes and sold at a deep discount.
425:. The sap had a rubber-like feel and could be made spherical by heating and shaping it in a mold. Because gutties were cheaper to produce, could be re-formed if they became out-of-round or damaged, and had improved aerodynamic qualities, they soon became the preferred ball for use.
329:, were used for golf from the 14th through the 17th centuries. Though wooden balls were no doubt used for other similar contemporary stick and ball games, there is no definite evidence that they were actually used in golf in Scotland. It is equally likely, if not more so, that
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First, the dimples on the surface of a golf ball cause the boundary layer on the upstream side of the ball to transition from laminar to turbulent. The turbulent boundary layer is able to remain attached to the surface of the ball much longer than a laminar boundary with fewer
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club's driving range, or sold in bulk to a recycling firm. These firms clean and resurface the balls to remove abrasions and stains, grade them according to their resulting quality, and sell the various grades of playable balls back to golfers through retailers at a discount.
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axis during the flight. The USGA refused to sanction it for tournament play and, in 1981, changed the rules to ban aerodynamic asymmetrical balls. Polara's producer sued the USGA and the association paid US$ 1.375 million in a 1985 out-of-court settlement.
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To keep the aerodynamics optimal, the golf ball needs to be clean, including all dimples. Thus, it is advisable that golfers wash their balls whenever permissible by the rules of golf. Golfers can wash their balls manually using a wet towel or using a
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In general, the governing bodies and their regulations seek to provide a relatively level playing field and maintain the traditional form of the game and its equipment, while not completely halting the use of new technology in equipment design.
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Backspin is imparted in almost every shot due to the golf club's loft (i.e., angle between the clubface and a vertical plane). A backspinning ball experiences an upward lift force which makes it fly higher and longer than a ball without spin.
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typically labelled with "PRACTICE" in bold lettering, and often also have one or more bars or lines printed on them, which allow players (and high-speed imaging aids) to see the ball's spin more easily as it leaves the tee or hitting turf.
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chisel, giving the guttie a textured surface. Many patterns were tried and used. These new gutties, with protruding nubs left by carving patterned paths across the ball's surface, became known as "brambles" due to their resemblance to
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Practice balls conform to all applicable requirements of the Rules of Golf, and as such are legal for use on the course, but as the hitting characteristics are not ideal, players usually opt for a better-quality ball for actual play.
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Most modern golf balls have about 300–500 dimples, though there have been balls with more than 1000 dimples. The record holder was a ball with 1,070 dimples—414 larger ones (in four different sizes) and 656 pinhead-sized ones.
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confuse players during a round who may hit an abandoned ball (incurring a penalty by strict rules). An estimated 1.2 billion balls are manufactured every year and an estimated 300 million are lost in the US alone.
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for use in an environment like a driving range, which may be limited in maximum distance, and must have many thousands of balls on-hand at any time that are each hit and mis-hit hundreds of times during their useful life.
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For decades, the wound rubber ball consisted of a liquid-filled or solid round core that was wound with a layer of rubber thread into a larger round inner core and then covered with a thin outer shell made of
558:, balls increasingly became made from non-biodegradable materials. During the late 2000's a few new biodegradable golf balls came into the market, including some made from wood, lobster shells or cornstarch.
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further advances in technology creating balls that can be customized to a player's strengths and weaknesses, and even allowing for the combination of characteristics that were formerly mutually-exclusive.
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Today, golf balls are manufactured using a variety of different materials, offering a range of playing characteristics to suit the player's abilities and desired flight and landing behaviours.
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of a highly lofted short iron contacts a balatá-covered ball in a location other than the bottom of the ball a cut or "smile" will often be the result, rendering the ball unfit for play.
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was simply the "American ball". The smaller diameter gave the player a distance advantage, especially in high winds, as the smaller ball created a similarly smaller "wake" behind it.
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798:, a ball sold in the late 1970s that had six rows of normal dimples on its equator but very shallow dimples elsewhere. This asymmetrical design helped the ball self-adjust its
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no more than 1.620 oz (45.9 g), has a diameter not less than 1.680 inches (42.7 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits. Like
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eliminated the need for the layered components entirely. Since then, the majority of non-professional golfers have transitioned to using solid core (or "2-piece") golf balls.
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Golf balls with embedded radio transmitters to allow lost balls to be located were first introduced in 1973, only to be rapidly banned for use in competition. More recently
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Golfers need to distinguish their ball from other players' to ensure that they do not play the wrong ball. This is often done by making a mark on the ball using a permanent
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721:. The dimples on a golf ball deform the air around the ball quickly causing a turbulent airflow that results in more Magnus lift than a smooth ball would experience.
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770:. They are both easily made with a two-piece mould. Since there is no dimple located on any of the slash-dotted circles (one is marked red), the mould can be two
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Nakagawa, Masamichi; Yabe, Takashi; Misaki, Masaya; Manome, Kazuto; Yamada, Tetsuri (2005). "202 Aerodynamic
Coefficients of a Dimpled Sphere in Back-Spin".
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The early wood, featherie and guttie balls were made from biodegradable materials. However, due to the industrial revolution and the invention of
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circular and hexagonal dimples to reduce drag. Lastly, Callaway balls showcase a sleek, completely hexagonal design for straighter ball flights.
688:•4: separated unsteady flow with a laminar boundary layer at the upstream side, before flow separation, with downstream of the sphere a chaotic
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with a golf ball speed of 328 km/h (204 mph). The previous record of 302 km/h (188 mph) was held by José Ramón
Areitio, a
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and so creates a narrower low-pressure wake and hence less pressure drag. The reduction in pressure drag causes the ball to travel further.
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1330:"Golf Ball Rupture In Mouth With Acid Burns To Larynx Trachea Bronchi Oesophagus Stomach And Death In Thirty Hours From Bronchopneumonia"
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have been used for this purpose, though these are also illegal in tournaments. This technology can however be found in some computerized
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blends for golf ball covers, and these new materials soon displaced balatá as they proved more durable and more resistant to cutting.
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overall "feel" characteristics of the new wound golf balls. Wound, balatá-covered golf balls were used into the late 20th century.
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Liquid cores were commonly used in golf balls as early as 1917. The liquid cores in many of the early balls contained a
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Dimples first became a feature of golf balls when
English engineer and manufacturer William Taylor, co-founder of the
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The Majors of Golf: Complete
Results of the Open, the U.S. Open, the PGA Championship and the Masters, 1860–2008
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at impact relative to the ground and its manufactured neutral angle), strike location if the player is using a
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ball was developed and introduced. A featherie, or feathery, is a hand-sewn round leather pouch stuffed with
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Other effects can change the flight behaviour of the ball. Factors such as dynamic lie (the angle of the
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Older R&A approved "British" golf ball (left), and newer USGA approved "American" golf ball (right)
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The specifications for the golf ball continue to be governed by the ruling bodies of the game; namely,
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balls filled with cows' hair were used, imported from the Netherlands from at least 1486 onward.
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replace the guttie bramble ball. The new design became known as the rubber Haskell golf ball.
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1591:"Golf Ball Dimples: Understanding the Science Behind How They Improve Golf Ball Performance"
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generates lift by deforming the airflow around the ball, in a similar manner to an airplane
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It is commonly believed that hard wooden, round balls, made from hardwoods such as
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make a few balls in one day, so they were expensive. A single ball would cost
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as possible. This symmetry is the result of a dispute that stemmed from the
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Penner, A.R. (2001). "The physics of golf: The optimum loft of a driver".
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Penner, A.R. (2001). "The physics of golf: The convex face of a driver".
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due to the curved face, and external factors such as wind and debris.
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1847:"What's inside golf balls, and can chemistry make them fly farther?"
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1276:"Hot, new solid-core balls have nearly KO'd their wound-ball rivals"
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A ball moving through air experiences two major aerodynamic forces:
590:) and maximum total distance when launched from the test equipment.
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112:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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The next major breakthrough in golf ball development came in 1898.
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697:•5: post-critical separated flow, with a turbulent boundary layer.
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1541:"How Many Dimples Are on a Golf Ball? Why do Balls Have Dimples?"
1517:"Fore! New biodegradable golf balls are made from lobster shells"
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Online golf ball museum with more than 1000 different golf balls
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Professional Golfers' Association (Great Britain and Ireland)
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from the original on 2012-05-31 – via findarticles.com.
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When a golf ball is hit, the impact, which lasts less than a
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When Do Fish Sleep? And Other Imponderables of Everyday Life
1706:, William Taylor, "Golf-ball", issued 1908-02-04
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1182:. (Oregon). National Editorial Association. p. 10.
958:, a brand and chain of computerized ranges now owned by
2103:
1951:"FSN Sport Science – Episode 7 – Myths – Jason Zuback"
1364:"Burn of Eyeball Due to Caustic Contents of Golf-Ball"
1334:
The Journal of Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology
1478:
292:, golf balls are subject to testing and approval by
1785:"How do dimples in golf balls affect their flight?"
977:broke the world ball speed record on an episode of
827:, as it can take more strokes to get on the green.
170:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1752:
790:Officially sanctioned balls are designed to be as
1270:
1268:
1032:. Tate Publishing & Enterprises. p. 37.
3728:
1566:"Golf Timeline – 1990 – The Year in Golf, 1990"
1515:Reporter, Chris Zelkovich Sports (2011-04-14).
1397:
1355:
1321:
1265:
1007:"Golf Ball History from Hairy to Haskell 2014"
906:
3462:
2119:
1759:. Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. p.
1406:"Ocular injuries from liquid golf ball cores"
298:the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
2357:Professional Golfers' Association of America
2083:detailed article on production of Golf Balls
1920:. Ruleshistory.com. Retrieved on 2013-11-03.
1454:"Obituaries: James R. Bartsch, Inventor, 58"
729:during flight is angled, and because of the
682:upstream of the separation, and producing a
496:In the mid-1960s, a new synthetic resin, an
1368:Journal of the American Medical Association
1176:"Golf ball industry unharmed by Depression"
492:Modern resin and polyurethane covered balls
405:(sometimes spelled Patterson) invented the
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3469:
3455:
2384:American Society of Golf Course Architects
2126:
2112:
1877:
1636:The Proceedings of the JSME Annual Meeting
626:and its behavior when it hits the ground.
376:, which is equivalent to US$ 10–20 today.
2056:
2017:
1429:
390:Three old golf balls, from the 1919 book
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
1880:"The Burden and Boon of Lost Golf Balls"
1514:
1300:"DuPont™ Surlyn® golf ball applications"
1079:. St Andrews Links Trust. Archived from
910:
872:
759:
639:
565:
385:
342:
259:
1815:"Scouting; Duffer's Dream Finally Over"
1750:
1361:
1327:
1233:
1027:
851:
14:
3729:
2026:
1987:
1466:from the original on November 14, 2013
675:•3: separated unsteady flow, having a
478:
3450:
2107:
1892:from the original on 22 February 2018
1859:from the original on 22 February 2018
1844:
1403:
1186:from the original on October 12, 2022
1173:
3697:
1940:. Publication Date: 1 January 1974 .
1615:from the original on 8 November 2020
1167:
1052:
168:adding citations to reliable sources
139:
77:
36:
3709:
1496:from the original on 16 August 2015
1055:"Feature Interview with Kevin Cook"
24:
3476:
3250:Albatrosses in notable tournaments
2790:Women's major championship winners
2612:European Ladies' Team Championship
2607:European Amateur Team Championship
1981:
1795:from the original on July 14, 2020
893:
484:Andrews with the first prototype.
440:
417:). The guttie was made from dried
25:
3753:
2802:Senior major championship winners
2066:
1661:"Why Do Golf Balls Have Dimples?"
1404:Lucas, D.R.; et al. (1976).
1234:Brenner, Morgan G. (2009-09-12).
1077:"Timeline of the history of golf"
934:
868:
764:These two balls are disclosed in
622:rate, all of which influence its
52:This article has multiple issues.
3708:
3696:
3685:
3684:
2778:Men's major championship winners
1568:. Golf.about.com. Archived from
1410:British Journal of Ophthalmology
1380:10.1001/jama.1913.04340170025018
1017:from the original on 2014-10-29.
965:
144:
82:
41:
1967:from the original on 2021-12-22
1943:
1923:
1904:
1878:Pennington, Bill (2 May 2010).
1871:
1852:Chemical & Engineering News
1838:
1827:from the original on 2016-03-09
1807:
1777:
1744:
1715:
1696:
1676:
1654:
1627:
1597:
1583:
1558:
1547:from the original on 2021-06-05
1533:
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1446:
1386:from the original on 2020-02-28
1344:from the original on 2023-07-18
1292:
1254:from the original on 2023-07-18
1227:
1216:from the original on 2023-07-18
1138:from the original on 2012-07-10
1113:from the original on 2023-07-18
601:
155:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2389:World Golf Teachers Federation
2347:United States Golf Association
1605:"Golf Ball Dimples & Drag"
1328:Rowland, W.D. (October 1917).
1198:
1149:
1124:
1087:
1069:
1046:
1021:
999:
653:for a sphere as a function of
561:
544:United States Golf Association
316:
302:United States Golf Association
27:Ball used in the sport of golf
13:
1:
2337:International Golf Federation
1648:10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.2.0_89
1486:"Golf Ball Knowledge: Pieces"
1030:Golf: The Science and the Art
993:
807:players identify their ball.
2087:
2081:, July 1950, Popular Science
1911:History of the rules of golf
1845:Scott, Alex (12 June 2017).
1306:. 2005-12-02. Archived from
1174:Krens, Art (March 6, 1932).
838:
336:
7:
3573:Distance measuring devices
2535:Senior Players Championship
2079:Golf Balls Get Built-In Zip
2029:American Journal of Physics
1990:American Journal of Physics
907:Marking and personalization
810:
108:the claims made and adding
10:
3758:
2094:A history of the golf ball
588:coefficient of restitution
311:
32:Golf ball (disambiguation)
29:
3680:
3649:
3628:
3607:
3561:
3525:
3484:
3431:
3351:
3263:
3223:R&A World Golf Museum
3206:Evans Scholars Foundation
3178:
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2884:
2875:
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2584:
2575:
2548:
2510:
2472:
2415:
2397:
2327:
2296:
2268:
2141:
1723:"The Taylor Hobson Story"
1702:
1132:"gutta percha golf balls"
1095:"Golf ball inventor dead"
755:
379:
264:A golf ball beside a hole
2563:U.S. Senior Women's Open
2558:Senior LPGA Championship
2540:Senior Open Championship
2492:Women's PGA Championship
2482:The Chevron Championship
2133:
1053:Cook, Kevin (May 2007).
952:World Golf Systems Group
610:, determines the ball's
550:Biodegradable Golf Balls
3218:World Golf Hall of Fame
2525:Senior PGA Championship
2362:Professional golf tours
1751:Feldman, David (1989).
1161:World-Wide Encyclopedia
1011:scottishgolfhistory.org
500:of ethylene acid named
457:, had driven to nearby
276:designed to be used in
2497:The Evian Championship
1791:. September 19, 2005.
1362:Crigler, L.W. (1913).
1134:. The Antiques Bible.
1028:Seltzer, Leon (2008).
916:
915:Personalized golf ball
878:
775:
698:
578:, jointly governed by
571:
401:In 1848, the Rev. Dr.
398:
350:
348:"Featherie" golf balls
265:
3517:Ball mark repair tool
3412:Travel + Leisure Golf
2602:Espirito Santo Trophy
2447:The Open Championship
1422:10.1136/bjo.60.11.740
1180:Eugene Register-Guard
914:
876:
767:U.S. patent 4,560,168
763:
717:. This is called the
643:
569:
527:liquid, typically an
403:Robert Adams Paterson
389:
346:
263:
3423:JTBC Golf&Sports
3233:Jack Nicklaus Museum
2897:Granted Royal status
2840:Ladies European Tour
2830:European Senior Tour
2502:Women's British Open
2099:All about Golf Balls
1704:US patent 878254
1684:Physics/General/golf
1206:"Bibliographic data"
852:Practice/range balls
284:, a golf ball has a
164:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3201:Caddie Hall of Fame
2708:Youth Olympic Games
2688:Mediterranean Games
2617:International Crown
2041:2001AmJPh..69..563P
2002:2001AmJPh..69.1073P
1789:Scientific American
1065:on August 12, 2007.
972:long drive champion
662:•2: attached flow (
479:Addition of dimples
392:Fifty Years of Golf
353:Then or later, the
2959:Robert Trent Jones
2860:PGA Tour Champions
2845:LPGA of Japan Tour
2703:Summer Universiade
2698:Pan American Games
2678:Inter-Allied Games
2425:Masters Tournament
1936:2011-06-14 at the
1929:Euronics Limited.
1916:2008-07-16 at the
1885:The New York Times
1820:The New York Times
1689:2018-10-24 at the
1666:2020-08-10 at the
1459:The New York Times
1106:. April 26, 1904.
1103:The New York Times
917:
879:
776:
699:
572:
504:was introduced by
399:
351:
296:(formerly part of
266:
93:possibly contains
3724:
3723:
3485:Playing equipment
3444:
3443:
2987:
2986:
2979:A. W. Tillinghast
2807:Olympic medalists
2716:
2715:
2661:Multi-sport event
2597:Eisenhower Trophy
2571:
2570:
2487:U.S. Women's Open
2377:PGA European Tour
2049:10.1119/1.1344164
2010:10.1119/1.1380380
1996:(10): 1073–1081.
1931:US Patent 3782730
1682:DeForest, Craig.
1490:golfball-guide.de
1462:. March 7, 1991.
1059:golfclubatlas.com
421:of the Malaysian
396:Horace Hutchinson
258:
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95:original research
75:
16:(Redirected from
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3667:Golf instruction
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3255:Open tournaments
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2530:U.S. Senior Open
2437:PGA Championship
2430:Augusta National
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1729:. Archived from
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1061:. Archived from
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769:
645:Drag coefficient
375:
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2835:Japan Golf Tour
2795:chronologically
2783:chronologically
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2668:Summer Olympics
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1416:(11): 740–747.
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1340:(10): 678–688.
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894:Markouts/X-outs
877:Used golf balls
871:
854:
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813:
765:
758:
696:
687:
674:
661:
655:Reynolds number
652:
604:
564:
494:
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441:Wound golf ball
382:
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3318:Pitch and putt
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3310:
3308:Miniature golf
3305:
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2964:Old Tom Morris
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2943:United Kingdom
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2773:Female golfers
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2550:Senior Women's
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2457:Challenge Belt
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2067:External links
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2035:(5): 563–568.
2024:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1942:
1922:
1903:
1870:
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1823:. 1986-01-08.
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1693:. math.ucr.edu
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2015:
2011:
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1770:0-06-016161-2
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1756:
1747:
1733:on 2013-10-12
1732:
1728:
1727:Taylor hobson
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1572:on 2013-04-16
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1324:
1310:on 2013-07-31
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1284:. June 2001.
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1247:9780786453955
1243:
1240:. McFarland.
1239:
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1210:Espacenet.com
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966:World records
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960:Callaway Golf
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780:Taylor-Hobson
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731:Magnus effect
726:
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719:Magnus effect
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684:vortex street
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576:Rules of Golf
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556:vulcanization
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431:bramble fruit
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181: –
180:
176:
175:Find sources:
169:
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159:
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153:This article
151:
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121:
111:
107:
103:
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91:This article
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53:
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39:
38:
33:
19:
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3620:Golf trolley
3496:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3359:Golf Channel
3293:Hickory golf
3213:Greenskeeper
2878:golf courses
2768:Male golfers
2683:Island Games
2407:Triple Crown
2304:Country club
2252:
2078:
2032:
2028:
1993:
1989:
1969:. Retrieved
1954:
1945:
1925:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1818:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1779:
1754:
1746:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:the original
1726:
1717:
1698:
1678:
1671:
1656:
1642:(2): 89–90.
1639:
1635:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1585:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:the original
1560:
1549:. Retrieved
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1521:Toronto Star
1520:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1489:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1374:(17): 1297.
1371:
1367:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1337:
1333:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1303:
1294:
1279:
1256:. Retrieved
1236:
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1190:November 11,
1188:. Retrieved
1179:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1101:
1089:
1081:the original
1071:
1063:the original
1058:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1010:
1001:
989:
979:
975:Jason Zuback
969:
944:transponders
938:
929:
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833:
829:
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785:
777:
746:
735:
727:
723:
708:
700:
677:laminar flow
657:
647:
628:
605:
602:Aerodynamics
596:
592:
573:
553:
549:
548:
537:
533:
522:
518:
514:
508:as were new
495:
486:
482:
468:
444:
435:blackberries
427:
414:
410:
407:gutta-percha
400:
391:
383:
354:
352:
340:
320:
305:
280:. Under the
269:
267:
244:
226:
217:
207:
200:
193:
186:
174:
162:Please help
157:verification
154:
124:
115:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
3715:WikiProject
3662:Golf course
3636:Ball washer
3562:Accessories
3553:Waterproofs
3512:Ball marker
3418:Video games
3377:Golf Digest
3298:Indoor golf
3228:USGA Museum
3019:Philippines
2974:Donald Ross
2952:by designer
2928:Philippines
2673:Asian Games
2632:Solheim Cup
2342:The R&A
2288:Instruction
2221:Golf course
2174:stroke play
1896:22 February
1863:22 February
1281:Golf Digest
792:symmetrical
772:hemispheres
750:ball washer
664:Stokes flow
608:millisecond
580:the R&A
562:Regulations
540:The R&A
459:Akron, Ohio
317:Early balls
294:The R&A
179:"Golf ball"
3731:Categories
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3191:Architects
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2815:Asian Tour
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2276:Golf swing
2248:golf clubs
2199:Stableford
2179:match play
2058:10613/2821
2019:10613/2816
1971:2009-07-27
1831:2017-02-08
1737:2013-11-03
1576:2013-07-16
1551:2021-06-05
1526:2024-01-22
1390:2020-02-28
1348:2020-02-28
1314:2013-11-03
1304:dupont.com
1258:2020-11-11
1220:2015-07-16
1142:2009-05-18
1117:2009-05-18
994:References
954:to create
923:such as a
921:marker pen
624:trajectory
542:, and the
306:(Rule 5–1)
300:) and the
290:golf clubs
190:newspapers
102:improve it
57:improve it
18:Golf balls
3615:Golf cart
3497:Golf ball
3333:Snow golf
3313:Park golf
3288:GolfCross
3278:Disc golf
3075:2000–2003
3070:1945–1999
3065:1851–1945
3060:1353–1850
2999:Australia
2992:Countries
2850:LPGA Tour
2627:Ryder Cup
2442:U.S. Open
2328:Governing
2309:Golf club
2269:Technical
2253:golf ball
2243:Equipment
2209:penalties
2189:foursomes
2184:four-ball
2169:etiquette
1619:11 August
970:Canadian
839:Selection
690:turbulent
614:, launch
451:Cleveland
409:ball (or
373:shillings
355:featherie
337:Featherie
270:golf ball
220:July 2020
118:July 2020
106:verifying
63:talk page
3691:Category
3672:Pro shop
3599:Umbrella
3526:Clothing
3502:Golf bag
3436:Category
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3283:Footgolf
3034:Thailand
3029:Scotland
2933:Portugal
2876:Lists of
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2721:Rankings
2372:PGA Tour
2319:Pro shop
2214:playoffs
2204:handicap
2154:Glossary
2142:Overview
1965:Archived
1934:Archived
1914:Archived
1890:Archived
1857:Archived
1825:Archived
1799:July 14,
1793:Archived
1687:Archived
1672:Ivy Golf
1664:Archived
1613:Archived
1545:Archived
1494:Archived
1470:July 22,
1464:Archived
1384:Archived
1342:Archived
1286:Archived
1252:Archived
1214:Archived
1184:Archived
1136:Archived
1108:Archived
1015:Archived
987:player.
985:Jai Alai
811:Behavior
711:backspin
709:Second,
612:velocity
582:and the
546:(USGA).
510:urethane
366:feathers
3703:Commons
3650:Related
3014:Ireland
2918:Iceland
2760:Golfers
2750:Amateur
2650:Women's
2236:hazards
2194:scoring
2159:Outline
2149:History
2088:History
2037:Bibcode
1998:Bibcode
1961:YouTube
1440:1009050
1431:1042829
1163:. 1896.
956:TopGolf
925:Sharpie
525:caustic
498:ionomer
359:chicken
331:leather
312:History
204:scholar
100:Please
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2738:top 10
2578:events
2512:Senior
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2398:Majors
1767:
1710:
1500:26 Sep
1438:
1428:
1244:
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2892:Links
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1865:2018
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