35:
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283:. Film historian Roger Dooley notes that the gold digger is one of the most common of the “stock company of stereotypes that continually reappear in the films of the 1930s.” Gold diggers in 1930s cinema were often portrayed in positive, sometimes heroic, ways. The character has featured in many films since the 1930s such as
204:
The recurring image of the gold digger in
Western popular media throughout the 1920s and 1930s developed into an important symbol of a moral panic surrounding frivolous lawsuits. Sharon Thompson's research has demonstrated how public perception of the prevalence of gold digging has created
217:
cases. Public outrage surrounding the image of frivolous lawsuits and unfair alimony payouts related to the gold digger archetype contributed to a nationwide push throughout the middle and late 1930s to outlaw heart balm legislation in the United States.
161:
who married and divorced millionaires. She was characterized as a gold digger during her divorce battle with
Stanley Joyce during the early 1920s. Some have argued that she was the real-life inspiration for Lorelei Lee, the protagonist in
153:
There exist several cases where female public figures have been perceived as exemplars of the gold digger stereotype by the public. The best-known gold digger of the early 20th century was
136:. As an indication on how new the slang term was, Broadway producers urged him to change the title because they feared that the audience would think that the play was about mining and the
843:
Stephens, Dionne P.; Phillips, Layli D. (1 March 2003). "Freaks, Gold
Diggers, Divas, and Dykes: The Sociohistorical Development of Adolescent African American Women's Sexual Scripts".
694:
231:
The gold digger emerged as a dominant trope in
American popular culture beginning in the 1920s. Stephen Sharot stated that the gold digger supplanted the popularity of the
119:
state the term is distinct for women because they were much more likely to need to marry a wealthy man in order to achieve or maintain a level of socioeconomic status.
904:
172:
which holds gold digging as a central theme. Additionally, some have contended that the term "gold digger" was coined to describe her. Former
Olympian
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897:
695:"PERKINS 'SNUB' HIT BY MRS. ROOSEVELT; First Lady Defends Labor Secretary Against Letter of Miss Martha Ijams. - The New York Times"
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44:(1929), an example of a film which helped create the American public association of chorus girls with gold diggers
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American Gold Digger: Marriage, Money, and the Law from the
Ziegfeld Follies to Anna Nicole Smith
599:
American Gold Digger: Marriage, Money, and the Law from the
Ziegfeld Follies to Anna Nicole Smith
541:
American Gold Digger: Marriage, Money, and the Law from the
Ziegfeld Follies to Anna Nicole Smith
516:
American Gold Digger: Marriage, Money, and the Law from the
Ziegfeld Follies to Anna Nicole Smith
247:
In the 1930s, the gold digger trope was used in a number of popular
American films, most notably
56:
240:
By the 1930s, the term "gold digger" had reached the United Kingdom through a British remake of
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cases and prenuptial agreements. The gold digger stereotype triggered public discussions about
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1219:
789:""Gold Digger as Icon," The Gold Digger as Icon: Exposing Inequity in the Great Depression""
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disadvantages for female spouses without their own source of income in the negotiation of
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was dubbed the "swimming gold digger" for her divorce contest with Broadway impresario
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543:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 225–226.
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601:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 98–105.
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626:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 57–84.
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Type of romantic relationship in which a person engages for money rather than love
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in 1919. Hopwood first heard the term in a conversation with Ziegfeld performer
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518:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. p. 4.
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The gold digger image or trope appears in several popular songs, including "
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for money rather than love. If it turns into marriage, it is a type of
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is a term for a person, typically a woman, who engages in a type of
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The Wages of Sin: Censorship and the Fallen Woman Film, 1928-1942
566:
Gold Digger: The Outrageous Life and Times of Peggy Hopkins Joyce
206:
299:, or as a villainous foil, as in both versions of Disney's film
84:
The term "gold digger" is a slang term that has its roots among
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1089:
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during the 1950s. The press and public described model/actress
649:"Tort Tales, Gold Diggers, and the Crusade against Heart Balm"
92:
in the early 20th century. In print, the term can be found in
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1396:
1391:
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991:
687:
337:'s use of the "gold digger script" is one of a few prevalent
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as a gold digger for marrying multi-millionaire octogenarian
1360:
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731:
Love and Marriage Across Social Classes in American Cinema
766:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovich. p. 19.
822:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
764:
From Scarface to Scarlett: American Films in the 1930s
493:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
717:...endorsed New York's new anti-heart-balm law...
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842:
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122:The term rose in usage after the popularity of
19:For processes used to acquire gold metal, see
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213:legislation during the 1930s, particularly
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456:"Entry from October 25, 2009: Gold-digger"
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188:. There was even a book published as a
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327:She Got the Goldmine (I Got The Shaft)
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62:
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355:Age disparity in sexual relationships
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221:
14:
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491:Avery Hopwood: His Life and Plays
476:"In Defence of the 'Gold Digger'"
319:Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend
117:'s Dictionary of Historical Slang
53:transactional sexual relationship
196:, by Betty Van Deventer, 1929).
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564:Rosenblum, Constance (2015).
419:Rosenberger, Stephen (2014).
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703:. 1935-03-26. Archived from
194:Confessions of a Gold Digger
192:(Little Blue Book No. 1392,
29:Gold digger (disambiguation)
7:
914:Interpersonal relationships
478:. Onati Socio-Legal Series.
348:
10:
1524:
1503:Pejorative terms for women
1148:Queerplatonic relationship
793:Studies in Popular Culture
787:Slavens, Clarence (2006).
568:. Henry Holt and Company.
341:that is directed at young
292:How to Marry a Millionaire
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653:Journal of Family History
375:Separate property systems
315:My Heart Belongs to Daddy
100:, and in the 1915 memoir
729:Sharot, Stephen (2018).
665:10.1177/0363199020937761
308:
286:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
169:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
41:Gold Diggers of Broadway
647:Donovan, Brian (2020).
622:Donovan, Brian (2020).
597:Donovan, Brian (2020).
539:Donovan, Brian (2020).
514:Donovan, Brian (2020).
226:
57:marriage of convenience
762:Dooley, Roger (1979).
489:Sharrar, Jack (1989).
295:(1953), both starring
199:
81:
45:
27:. For other uses, see
1508:Slang terms for women
1063:Friends with benefits
962:Same-sex relationship
845:Sexuality and Culture
421:The Relation Equation
186:J. Howard Marshall II
157:. Joyce was a former
70:
37:
1498:Stereotypes of women
1419:Relationship anarchy
957:Domestic partnership
818:Jacobs, Lea (1997).
707:on 19 September 2020
256:Gold Diggers of 1935
250:Gold Diggers of 1933
102:My Battles with Vice
1226:Romantic friendship
458:. October 25, 2009.
155:Peggy Hopkins Joyce
144:Society and culture
63:Etymology and usage
1371:Unconditional love
1220:Maîtresse-en-titre
1203:à la façon du pays
857:10.1007/BF03159848
700:The New York Times
474:Thompson, Sharon.
82:
46:
1475:
1474:
1462:Domestic violence
1234:
1233:
1010:Open relationship
952:Significant other
395:Treating (dating)
390:Transactional sex
237:in 1920s cinema.
215:breach of promise
182:Anna Nicole Smith
110:Oxford Dictionary
98:The Ne'er-Do-Well
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1488:1910s neologisms
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365:Mistress (lover)
343:African-American
268:Red-Headed Woman
242:The Gold Diggers
190:Little Blue Book
129:The Gold Diggers
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329:" (1982), and "
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302:The Parent Trap
274:Dinner at Eight
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106:Virginia Brooks
72:The Gold Digger
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38:Lobby card for
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659:(4): 394–410.
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423:. p. 60.
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96:'s 1911 book,
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1058:Casual dating
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166:’ 1925 novel
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124:Avery Hopwood
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1404:Gold digging
1403:
1218:
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1111:Acquaintance
1104:Non-romantic
1095:Sugar dating
1025:Polyfidelity
1002:Non-monogamy
947:Cohabitation
848:
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733:. Springer.
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709:. Retrieved
705:the original
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370:Prostitution
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174:Eleanor Holm
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115:Random House
113:
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86:chorus girls
83:
75:
71:
48:
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39:
25:Gold panning
1467:Elder abuse
1452:Child abuse
1387:Bride price
1305:Meet market
1287:Separation
1035:Concubinage
711:30 December
400:Trophy wife
325:" (1953), "
321:" (1949), "
317:" (1938), "
289:(1953) and
134:Kay Laurell
90:sex workers
49:Gold digger
21:Gold mining
1482:Categories
1424:Repression
1414:Infidelity
1341:Compersion
1336:Attachment
1179:Historical
1170:Sycophancy
1121:Friendship
1068:Enjo kĹŤsai
1050:Casual sex
942:Girlfriend
829:0520207904
773:0151337896
749:1049600007
500:0472109634
406:References
380:Sugar baby
333:" (1984).
323:Santa Baby
178:Billy Rose
164:Anita Loos
1409:Hypergamy
1380:Practices
1356:Limerence
1278:Annulment
1251:Courtship
1201:Marriage
1085:Courtesan
1020:Polyamory
992:Widowhood
937:Boyfriend
873:143036176
865:1936-4822
799:: 71–92.
681:221538502
673:0363-1990
584:919319036
439:896840085
360:Hypergamy
335:Rap music
262:Baby Face
211:heartbalm
159:show girl
138:Gold Rush
94:Rex Beach
1351:Jealousy
1346:Intimacy
1331:Affinity
1324:Emotions
1191:Seraglio
1186:Cicisbeo
1158:Familiar
1153:Stranger
1136:Siblings
1040:Mistress
1030:Polygamy
987:Soulmate
972:Marriage
967:Monogamy
929:Romantic
851:(1): 3.
805:23416172
349:See also
126:'s play
1366:Passion
1315:Wedding
1296:Marital
1283:Divorce
1273:Breakup
1261:Romance
1246:Bonding
1196:Plaçage
1126:Kinship
977:Husband
345:women.
207:alimony
149:General
1266:Mating
1256:Dating
1239:Events
1131:Family
1090:Gigolo
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108:. The
1444:Abuse
1397:Dowry
1392:Dower
1291:Legal
1116:Enemy
921:Types
869:S2CID
801:JSTOR
677:S2CID
309:Music
77:Judge
1361:Love
982:Wife
861:ISSN
824:ISBN
797:28:3
768:ISBN
745:OCLC
735:ISBN
713:2022
669:ISSN
628:ISBN
603:ISBN
580:OCLC
570:ISBN
545:ISBN
520:ISBN
495:ISBN
435:OCLC
425:ISBN
234:vamp
227:Film
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