Godefroy Calès - Knowledge

1477:« To Monsieur Calès, doctor of medicine, in Villefranche-de-Lauragais, through Toulouse, France. My dear friend. Your letter, full of wit and sparkling with gaiety, gives me the greatest pleasure; you remind me of the mischievousnesses of my youth, of which I do not repent; they made me laugh before, why should they make me cry now? I shall never forget that they made me bear without difficulty the misery, which continually heaped on me, that they have softened the bitterness which the exercise of medicine entails with it, a divine art in itself, yet detestable for him who exercises it. The uneducated public, the ignorant confreres, jealous and envious, give a thousand disgusts to the educated practitioner; I know that we can gain by it over all of that; but we feel some anguish, which we bear with difficulty. You tell me that a nobleman has vexed you because you were my parents: that does not astonish me from him; it is a caste so low, so ill-educated, that one can expect of it only the fruits of ignorance and prejudice. I am sure that the idiot who vexed you, if he lost his place, is as flat today as he was arrogant then. I have seen nobles of another flock, such as the Bethune-Sully, the Lagrange, the Nivernais, the Rohan, honoring themselves to be as sentinels at my door, and lavishing upon me the testimonies of the most adulatory sentiments, down to baseness. I’m citing this to prove you that these nobles have no nobility and, as long as this caste will exist, it will be the misfortune of France. I do not wish it to be annihilated, but I would have it put into the inability to harm. Here is my position in Liège. After living in Munich and Basel, in Switzerland, I came to Liège fifteen years ago. The police commissioner Wassin confused me with my brother 809: 1483:, with whom he had served, and proposed me to remain at Liège. The plan of the Bourbons was to push us until Siberia, and a safe asylum was, then, a treasure. I found it here. I first occupied myself to make theses for the candidates in medicine, which produced me twelve hundred francs a year. Soon after, a few cures, which made a certain noise, attracted to me a prodigious number of patients, but because I was not a Belgian doctor, I decided to give consultations at my house and I refused to go to see the patients, excepted only if I would be called in consultation by doctors, what happens sometimes. There are no important people who had not come to me yet, and the public has followed their example, which has given me some consideration. As I helped and pleased a lot of people, everyone tries to help me. Everything I do is free; a sober life puts me above any need and with a small income I look like a rich man. Embrace for me my sisters. The eldest 40: 619: 474: 2097:

still famous treatise on pellagra, he had studied at Montpellier and had settled at Villefranche. His fellow citizens, in saluting the victory of the Three Glorious, had appointed him in 1830 commander of the National Guard. In 1848, a municipal councilor, he proclaimed the Republic at the Town Hall and became mayor, then deputy to the Constituent Assembly. Ledru-Rollin had enlisted him in the ranks of the Mountain, and after having fought against the Empire, he had formed at Villefranche the secular and democratic propaganda to which so many good doctors of the last century associated themselves.

303: 976: 1626:, of Villefranche, which I published in my work. To this information, I added a very imperfect note on the medical topography of Lauraguais. Two years later, having received the mission of studying pellagra in the south of France, I went first to Castelnaudary, where I arrived on 1 September (1847). I went through the part of Lauraguais which belongs to the department of Aude, then that which depends on the Haute-Garonne. Welcomed by MM. Roussilhe and 528:. The majority of the members of the committee, like a large part of the French, not wanting to reiterate the excesses of the revolution of 1789 in religious matters, and taking advantage of the climate of concord of the revolution of 1848, believed in the necessity and possibility of an agreement between Rome and the Republic, and wished to see negotiations open between Paris and the 1699:, all these resources will be powerless, if they are not employed in the early days; they will be completely useless, if you do not change the conditions in which the patient is placed ... In a word, if you do not run a more generous blood in your veins, you will always turn into a vicious circle and you will not expect anything from your care and your efforts. » 1339: » (National biography of contemporaries written by a society of men of letters), under the direction of Mr. Ernest Glaeser, Editors: Glaeser and Co., Paris (1878). p. 85. Public domain. Identifier: ark: / 12148 / bpt6k5861239f. Source: National Library of France, Digital Collections Department, 2008-232271. Available in French on Gallica's website: 1985: 1527:, who stated that he had observed a case in the region of the Landes in 1809. « It is, said I, only in 1829, that Mr. Hameau reported the 'Mal de la Teste', that he observed since 1818. It was not until 1845 that we were informed of the existence of the disease in the departments of the Haute-Garonne and Aude where MM. 1973: 829:, Godefroy was advocating a system of « representative » Republic against any possible form of republican « absolutism », founded both on a strong legislative and parliamentary power, and on a non-personalised and limited executive power. Thus, on 6 October 1848, Godefroy Calès defended the 1640:" Work crowned by the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences, meeting of February 6, 1865"), p.383: Chapter: De la pellagre en France (Of pellagra in France); II. – Histoire de la pellagre dans le Lauraguais (Aude et Haute-Garonne) (History of pellagra in the Lauraguais (Aude and Haute-Garonne)), by 2096:

who, born in Saint-Denis on 21 March 1799, played such an important role in the municipal destinies and carried out such a beautiful radical propaganda in the region. He was the nephew of a conventional dead man in exile, the son of a republican sub-prefect. An outstanding doctor who had published a

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When my work on pellagra appeared in 1845, the existence of this disease in the countryside of the former county of Lauraguais had just been revealed by a published article (Journal de med. De Bordeaux, May 1844) by Mr. Dr. Roussilhe, of Castelnaudary, and by an interesting letter addressed to me by

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Among other social measures debated in public at the parliament, Calès voted on 27 December 1848, in favor of the abolition of the tax on salt (against Government's recommendation), which was solicited by representatives of rural regions; on 2 May 1849, for the amnesty of the transported, and on 18

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2° The bleeding or the leeches, as soon as the irritation of the gastric mucosa or of the nervous centers appears, are almost always followed by a slight improvement; but they can only be used with great measure, otherwise they would throw the patient into a fatal weakness. Thus, it is by this way

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which has been formulated above in terms so expressive: "I do not pretend, said the honorable doctor of Villefranche, that the therapeutic agents have no action; but, forced to accept our patients with their misery, we are confessing our failures. I have obtained satisfactory results only in those

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in 1833 by the former conventional and deputy to the Council of the Five-Hundred, and addressed to his nephew Godefroy, explicitly testifies about the proximity of their common republican convictions. Still remaining a member of the Municipal Council of Villefranche until 1848, Godefroy proclaimed

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is, in my eyes, to have understood, one of the first among us, that in the treatment of pellagra, the doctor can not do everything: « The part of the administration is rather large, he was saying, let's hope it will prove being human and foresighted, as soon as we will clearly point out the

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which has been formulated above in terms so expressive: « I do not pretend, » said the honorable doctor of Villefranche, « that the therapeutic agents have no action; but, forced to accept our patients with their misery, we are confessing our failures. I have obtained satisfactory

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undertook a study trip to the South-West of France in 1847 and visited Dr. Calès in Villefranche to better understand this terrible plague. He will recognize in Calès the accuracy of his observations on the links of the disease with malnutrition, misery and deprivation, as well as with the maize

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Supporter of the freedom of expression, Calès was opposing any restrictive law on the press, such as that on the restoration of the deposits for the newspapers. However, on 9–11 August 1848, the Assembly voted the extension of press offenses, the aggravation of penalties and the increase of the

1248:, under the direction of Mr. Ernest Glaeser, Editors: Glaeser and Co., Paris (1878). p. 85. Public domain. Identifier: ark: / 12148 / bpt6k5861239f. Source: National Library of France, Digital Collections Department, 2008-232271. Available in French on Gallica's website: 2025:

et al. Publisher: H. Lamirault (Paris) then Société anonyme of "La Grande encyclopédie" (Paris) (1885–1902) Contributor: Dreyfus, Camille (1851–1905). Identifier: ark:/12148/bpt6k246438. Source: National Library of France. Available in French on the website of Gallica.fr:

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2046:, under the direction of Mr. Ernest Glaeser, Editors: Glaeser and Co., Paris (1878). p. 85. Public domain. Identifier: ark: / 12148 / bpt6k5861239f. Source: National Library of France, Digital Collections Department, 2008-232271. Available in French on Gallica's website: 918:

gave explanations at the occasion of a public debate, which took place at the Assembly on 25 November. The debate turned to his advantage, and the Assembly almost unanimously confirmed the previous decree of 28 June 1848. Godefroy Calès, together with

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The younger brother of Godefroy, Louis Denis Godefroy, (born in November 1800 in Etain, Meuse), medical student in Toulouse in 1821, then professor at Castres, was presented to the Faculty of Protestant Theology of Montauban (created in 1808 by

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that the distinction of the life's forces into acting forces and radical forces finds its application... It seems that in some cases life is in excess, and yet there is a profound innervation which constitutes the first element of the disease.

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by Camille Rabaud (1898), Publisher: Fischbacher, Libraire-éditeur, rue de Seine, 33, Paris. Public domain. Source: Bibliothèque nationale de France (National Library of France), Department Philosophy, History, Human Sciences, 8-LD175-334.

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to his nephew, Godefroy) gives an interesting piece of information about the life he lived in Liège. One can see that the former member of the Convention had not, like so many of his colleagues, repudiated his democratic principles.

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History of Protestantism in the Albigeois and the Lauragais, from the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) to the present day, by Camille Rabaud (honorary president of the consistory of Castres, laureate of the French

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Histoire du protestantisme dans l'Albigeois et le Lauragais, depuis la révocation de l'Edit de Nantes (1685) jusqu'à nos jours, par Camille Rabaud (président honoraire du consistoire de Castres, lauréat de l’académie

532:, to give the Concordat a new and more liberal foundation. They did not wish to see however the Concordat abrogated unilaterally. They also rejected the idea of a complete separation between the church and the state. 942:

expelled from Rome and against the Austrian domination. It was accompanied by the vote of a 1,200,000 francs loan, for the expenses of the first three months of the operation, to which the Socialists led by

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What is the time when pellagra has claimed the most victims in southwestern France? The details were missing to answer this question back in 1845. The earliest evidence that I had collected was that of M.

2111:, Sunday, 11 May 1930. Public domain. Identifier: ark: /12148/bpt6k7622794h. Source: National Library of France, Department of Law, Economics, Politics, JOD-210. Available in French on Gallica's website: 1417:(? -Caraman, † 08/01/1849-Villefranche), married to Jean-Paul Pujol, Notary in Villefranche († 01/02/1840-Villefranche). Mother of Constantine Pujol († 1861) and Marie Justine Pujol (1796–1894). 10) 1040:

wanted to take advantage of its state of grace and to get rid as quickly as possible of the republican representatives who were opposing the right-wing government. He thus called for the rapid

1434: » by Pierre Arches, Actes des 115e et 116e Congrès nationaux des Soc. savantes, Avignon, 1990 et Chambéry, 1991, Section d'H. moderne et cont., T. II, (1992), pp. 225–232. In French. 1068:, who felt that the task of the Constituent Assembly was not over. Vigorously discussed on 12 January 1849, Godefroy Calès and the Left couldn't prevent its adoption on 29 January. 204:

in a family from southwestern France with a republican tradition. His father, Jean Calès (born in Caraman on 8 November 1764, deceased in Mazamet on 11 October 1840 and married to

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1° The baths, at the beginning of the disease, produce an excellent effect. Perhaps they would stop the progression if they were helped by a complete change in the habits of life.

763:, who had been accused of having participated to the uprising, Calès strongly opposed the project. Prosecutions will be finally voted by the conservative majority and maintained. 525: 951:– the future emperor Napoleon III – and of the ministers guilty of violating the constitution: in the following weeks, the French troops will finally receive the order of the 376:

in France, from 1822, in the Lauragais, alongside Doctors Jean Hameau (Landes) and Roussilhe (Aude). This disease, which has become rare in developed countries, is due to

816:(First session of the National Assembly. Proclamation of the united and indivisible Republic by the people's representatives. Drawing by Ch. Fichot and Jules Gaildreau, 808: 748:

Calès had been constantly interested in the social question which was progressively rising in France since the beginning of the 19th century. He therefore supported the

1986:

Suite des Notes de Jean-Marie Calès, député de la Haute-Garonne, sur le plan de constitution présenté par le Comité. Imprimées par ordre de la Convention Nationale

335:; but seeing that the government was embarking on a course which was not his, he resigned. Godefroy remained close, intellectually and politically, to his uncle 1367:, married to Marianne Louise Victorine Fournier (?, † 09/02/1744-Villefranche). Father of Godefroy Calès (1799–1868) and Louis Denis Godefroy Calès (1800–?) 3) 1749:. Identifier: ark: / 12148 / bpt6k57239112. Source: National Library of France, Department of Science and Technology, 8-TD134-46. Read on the Gallica website: 224:, where his son Godefroy was born. He then filled, from 1800 to 1804, the functions of Inspector-General of Military Hospitals. Jean Calès was the brother of 1689:

4° The revulsives, applied after slight evacuations of blood, have reduced the cerebral accidents. I used moxas without any success in cases of paralysis.

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Notes de Jean-Marie Calès, député de la Haute-Garonne, sur le plan de constitution présenté par le Comité. Imprimées par ordre de la Convention Nationale

938:. The expedition was nevertheless voted by the National Assembly to initially provide aid to the Roman republicans, insurgent against the pretensions of 717:

It is a family adored in the country, respected by its opponents: since 89, leaders of the Lauragais democracy from father to son. From the Conventional

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in France. In search of an affirmation of his identity on the Left, the figure of Calès will be singularly commemorated in an article of the «

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The religious question in 1682, 1790, 1802 and 1848 and complete history of the work of the Committee of Cults of the Constituent Assembly of 1848

1489:, whom I left as a child, always had my friendship. I thank you for giving me news of her. All yours. Calès. A thousand greetings to your wife 1788:

La question religieuse en 1682, 1790, 1802 et 1848 et historique complet des travaux du comité des Cultes de l’Assemblée constituante de 1848

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5° Light astringent tonics served me to moderate the diarrhea when the mucilagineux had failed and when any other treatment was inadmissible.

599:), who were the majority in the assembly. Thus, Calès violently opposed the reactionary policy of the Assembly and voted constantly with the 805:. However, Calès and Hugo will finally not succeed in convincing their colleagues: the project will be rejected (and abandoned until 1981). 39: 1676:

The main means used by us are: baths, blood evacuations, antispasmodics, revulsives and light tonics. We will say a word of each of them:

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I will limit myself to reproduce in this respect a page that wrote to me Mr. Calès in 1845. After the categorical confession of impotence

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abolition was then debated at the National Assembly on 16 September 1848. The main abolitionist speaker was the famous writer and poet

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This sensitivity to the living conditions of the needy will underlie his future political action and his commitment to stand for the

54: 2150: 1262:) by Louis-Gustave Vapereau. Bookshop of L.Hachette et Cie, Paris (1858). p. 323. Public domain. Available on Archive.org: 1707:

disease to it, and that the studies of some men of merit will have enlightened the administration on the means of remedying it.

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crops of the region. He also saw in him a forerunner of the sanitary approaches against the impotence of therapeutic agents:

1630:, with a kindness which seventeen years since then have not effaced the memory, I was accompanied by them to their patients. 1048:

before the term of its legislature, and the election of a new Legislative Assembly. Supported by the government, the «

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by the National Assembly, thus refusing to legitimize the power to one single person above everything: however, following

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He maintained a relationship of friendship with the latter (famous writer, philosopher, poet, historian, professor at the

1154: 1150: 630:(Buffet. Lithograph. Engraving in revue "La Montagne", Léotaud, publisher, quai Saint-Michel, 11. From up left to right: 416: 253: 249: 1745:), Chapter 6: Prophylaxie. Traitement., By C. Prétendéris Typaldos, Athens, Hermès printing works, 1866. Public domain. 1421:(? -Toulouse, † 05/09/1873-Villefranche), married to Constantin Pujol († 10/06/1844-Villefranche). Without descendants. 1504:, Historical review directed by Auguste Dide, Tome X, January–June 1886, Paris, Charavray frères, editors. Available ( 575:

in history. Calès attempted to defend the political achievements and the important social benefits obtained after the

1902:(January 1992), pp. 224–236. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Public domain. Read online on the website of Gallica: 1029: 870: 854: 836: 276: 520: », a parliamentary committee of 42 members established to consider the question of a possible revision of the 1256:

Dictionnaire universel des contemporains contenant toutes les personnes notables de la France et des pays étrangers

1076: 208:, deceased on 9 February 1744 in Villefranche-de-Lauragais), was a physician and the administrator of the region 1898: » (Letters of Jean-Jules Calès to Edgar Quinet and Mme Edgar Quinet (1868–1873)) by Pierre Arches, in the 2066: 1012: 944: 881: 667: 552: 213: 201: 177: 98: 1794:), by Pierre Pradié (secretary of the committee), Paris, Sagnier and Bray, 1849, p. 444 (list of the members) 931: 348: 392:. In the absence of treatment, the outcome is death. It reaches poor populations whose diet contains little 1260:

Universal dictionary of contemporaries containing all the notable people of France and of foreign countries

1173: 817: 786: 2027: 1871: 1863: 1493: 1378:, married (in 1839, at 73 years old) to Paule Bonnet (16/05/1783-Renneville, †?). Without descendants. 4) 1291: 1169: 1095: 724: 327:, where he had early acquired a certain political influence in republican circles, he was named after the 1478: 1138: 237: 2070: 1961: 1586: » ("Work crowned by the Institut de France, Academy of Sciences meeting of February 6, 1865"), by 1231: 683: 1957: 1227: 1000: 631: 608: 510: 486: 292: 473: 2022: 1286: 1099: 1080: 1041: 708: 576: 502: 408: 357: 324: 320: 185: 119: 2062: 2010: 1726: 1649: 1550: 1313: 1274: 1008: 915: 898: 655: 212:

between 1793 and 1794. He was later appointed, in 1799, chief physician of the military hospital of

20: 275:, from old Protestant families rooted in the region and forced to convert to Catholicism after the 2047: 1340: 1249: 861:, and proposed instead to obtain the election of a president of the executive, who will be always 752:. Thus, when on 26 August 1848, the Assembly proposed the prosecution of the former member of the 1541:"Work crowned by the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences, meeting of February 6, 1865"), by 1304:"Work crowned by the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences, meeting of February 6, 1865"), by 1131: 911: 603:

left and often with the associated independent extreme left (in particular with deputies such as

332: 233: 1718: 1641: 1587: 1566: 1542: 1305: 835:« The National Assembly delegates the executive power to a citizen, who takes the title of 435: 428: 412: 1281:) (Volume 8, p. 912), by a society of scholars and literary people; under the dir. of MM. 1191: 988: 639: 583:(a political group formed by monarchists and conservatives, led by prominent members including 556: 498: 419:) who will contribute to publicize the disease in France, by the publication in 1845 of « 361: 261: 1486:

first had the courage to write to me before the end of my exile. I am grateful to her. Justine

2074: 1831: », page 281, Alvin Rosenblatt Calman (1922), Publisher: New York, Columbia University. 1775: 1774: » (Second Republic and the Second Empire) Pygmalion. pp.79–80. In French. Read online: 1177: 1103: 1057: 992: 885: 876:

On 2 November 1848, still supporting social progress in society, Calès voted in favor of the

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is also to be found in his continuous action with health authorities to eradicate pellagra.

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served as a foundation for the subsequent work of the doctor, philanthropist and politician

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and republican politician), which continued later with his son Jean Jules Godefroy Calès.

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and his wife, Hermione Ghikère Asaky, frequently visited the Calès in the family home of

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to resume his activity of physician, until his death on 25 July 1868, at the age of 69.

996: 869:'s recommendation, the majority of the deputies rejected the amendment. The date of the 826: 768: 760: 564: 544: 336: 225: 1509: 1123: 964: 907: 858: 749: 397: 1903: 1900:

Bulletin de la Société archéologique, historique littéraire & scientifique du Gers

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Condolence letter (8 August 1868) written from Plans de Fresnière: Volume III, p. 440

1015:(upper-left, facing the explosion of the Laws & Constitution)... are represented.) 647: 671: 659: 521: 181: 102: 2100: 1595: 1061: 960: 789:. Its partial abolition (for political offenses) had been initially decreed by the 663: 506: 2112: 2006:

La Grande Encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres, et des arts

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La Grande Encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres, et des arts

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condemned him to exile and banished him from the national territory in 1816, as a

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Biographie nationale des contemporains rédigée par une société de gens de lettres

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results only in those who have been placed under the influence of better hygiene.

1610: », G. W. Bruyn, Charles M. Poser, in Science History Publications/USA, 2003 1455: 1337:

Biographie nationale des contemporains rédigée par une société de gens de lettres

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Biographie nationale des contemporains rédigée par une société de gens de lettres

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As humanist, Goderoy Calès was a fervent supporter of a total abolition of the

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I will limit myself to reproduce in this respect a page that wrote to me Mr.

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National biography of contemporaries written by a society of men of letters)

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National biography of contemporaries written by a society of men of letters)

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The name of Godefroy Calès resurfaced in the 1930s during the apogee of the

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On 1 September 1848, he also opposed the project of the restoration of the

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Letter (29 December 1873) written from Versailles: Volume IV, pp. 440–442

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held its final seance. Godefroy Calès did not belong to the newly elected

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in February 1848, at the initiative of one of its member, the famous poet

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whose members sat on the highest benches of the Assembly), like his uncle

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concluded with the Catholic Church in 1801, and consider the project of a

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Godefroy Calès was a very popular and advanced Republican militant in his

1811:), , 28 | 2004, posted on 7 April 2008, accessed 30 September 2016. URL: 920: 802: 764: 756: 316: 296: 176:) was a French physician and politician. He was born on 21 March 1799 in 910:

to flourish, and before violently crushing it, sacrificing thousands of

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Has the city of Villefranche, in Haute-Garonne, retained the memory of

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k246438.image.langFR.f3.pagination

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k246438.image.langFR.f3.pagination

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opposed. Calès unsuccessfully signed the request for indictment of the

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and maintained an epistolary relationship. Madame Quinet wrote later:

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http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/%28num_dept%29/9795

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Le Conventionnel Jean-Marie Calés (1757- 1834): du Lauragais à Liège.

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http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/%28num_dept%29/9795

923:, was one of the only thirty-four representatives who voted against. 572: 268: 1158: 930:

On 16 April 1849, Calès voted against the credits allocated to the

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3° The antispasmodics have produced under our eyes no good result.

1052: » was opposed by many representatives, from the deputies of 352: 256:. Their parents (Godefroy's grandparents), Jean Calès, who was an 228:(1757–1834), the eldest, also physician and representative at the 1874: 1727:

https://archive.org/stream/traitdelapella00rous#page/526/mode/2up

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https://archive.org/stream/traitdelapella00rous#page/382/mode/2up

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https://archive.org/stream/traitdelapella00rous#page/424/mode/2up

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https://archive.org/stream/traitdelapella00rous#page/424/mode/2up

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On 25 November 1848, he voted against the parliamentary decree:

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5861239f/f91.item.r=Cales

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5861239f/f91.item.r=Cales

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5861239f/f91.item.r=Cales

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Celebrations and ceremonies of the French Republic. 4 May 1848.

367: 1226:« Godefroy Calès » Biography on the website of the 315:

Faithful to family's traditions, Godefroy Calès followed, in

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and Roussilhe have been observing it for twenty-three years

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against the attacks of the moderate Republicans and of the

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who have been placed under the influence of better hygiene"

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https://books.google.com/books?id=3-NnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA79

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The extract from the following letter (sent from Liège on

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In the assembly, Calès sat with the extreme-left group of

1853:« Lettres d'exil à Michelet et à divers amis », 1079:, nor to other Assemblies. He came back to his region of 727:, our friend, is indeed the worthy son of a worthy father 220:

and located after the revolution within the walls of the

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Deuxième République et le Second Empire : 1848–1870

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The History of Tropical Neurology: Nutritional Disorders

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in 1875, and Deputy of Haute-Garonne in 1885, under the

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representing the Constituent National Assembly (1850).

849:. Indeed, through this amendment, the young republican 1837:

https://archive.org/details/ledrurollinsecon00calmuoft

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in 1845. After the categorical confession of impotence

1200: », the press organ of the party, on 11 May 1930. 372:

Dr. Calès was one of the first doctors who identified

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Physician and Inspector General of Military Hospitals

959:

to crush the Roman Revolution led by the republicans

927:

May 1849, for the abolition of the tax on beverages.

888:, obliged the Republic to provide work for the needy 1510:

https://archive.org/details/larvolutionfra10sociuoft

267:

and Jeanne Rochas, were landowners of the region of

1904:

http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65770312/f226

1003:(next to Lamartine, holding a stick, center-left), 971:

Towards the dissolution of the Constituent assembly

934:and to sending an expeditionary force commanded by 720:, to the representative of the Constituent Assembly 469:

A republican «fourtyeighter» deputy of the Mountain

44:

Godefroy Calès (lithography from nature by E. David

949:President of the Republic Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte 516:Calès sat first, until 26 May 1849, in the « 1721:, ed. JB Baillière and son; 1866. Public domain. 1644:, ed. JB Baillière and son; 1866. Public domain. 1590:, ed. JB Baillière and son; 1866. Public domain. 1545:, ed. JB Baillière and son; 1866. Public domain. 1308:, ed. JB Baillière and son; 1866. Public domain. 797:. A project to extend the partial abolition to a 526:complete Separation of the Churches and the State 477:List of the members of the Committee of the Cults 299:(Tarn) where he will officiate until June 1874. 2122: 1877:. Public domain. Read online on the website of " 1805:La politique religieuse de la Seconde République 1596:https://archive.org/details/traitdelapella00rous 1331: 1329: 890:« within the limits of its resources » 551:. This group, in 1848, was led and organized by 364:, and took over the administration of the city. 323:and was received doctor in 1822. Established in 2113:http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7622794h/ 1264:https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Dck5AAAAcAAJ 509:. These elections were the first to be held by 1751:http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57239112 1456:http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34054736v 627:" at their banks of the Assembly over 2 ranks. 623:Collective Portrait of 16 Representatives of " 2103:, Deputy of Oise, Former Minister. in « 1711:Traité de la pellagre et des pseudo-pellagres 1634:Traité de la pellagre et des pseudo-pellagres 1535:Traité de la pellagre et des pseudo-pellagres 1533:. » p.425: Chapter: Etiology, in « 1382:(27/01/1769-Caraman, † 21/08/1853-Cessales), 1326: 1298:Traité de la pellagre et des pseudo-pellagres 427: » published in 1866. The importance of 425:Traité de la pellagre et des pseudo-pellagres 1835:. Read on the website of archive.org : 1363:(08/11/1764-Caraman, † 11/10/1840-Mazamet), 407:The observations and works of Calès made in 368:A pioneering doctor on the study of pellagra 200:Godefroy Calès was born on 21 March 1799 in 1829:Ledru-Rollin and the Second French Republic 1809:The Religious Policy of the Second Republic 1761:elected on 23 April 1848, with 51,003 votes 1355:(16/10/1757-Cessales, † 13/04/1834-Liège), 1335:See « Godefroi Calès » in « 1254:« Godefroi Calès » in the « 1094:), with whom he got a son on 24 July 1828, 55:Deputy in the National Constituent Assembly 2141:People from Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis 2061:elected with 74,25% of the votes, against 1807: », Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle ( 1638:Treatise on pellagra and pseudo-pellagres, 1539:Treatise on pellagra and pseudo-pellagres, 1302:Treatise on pellagra and pseudo-pellagres, 901:has well deserved from the Homeland » 555:and comprising sixty-six deputies such as 2105:DE 1815 A LEDRU-ROLLIN – HIPPOLYTE CARNOT 1813:https://journals.openedition.org/rh19/619 1715:Treatise on pellagra and pseudo-pellagres 1584:Treatise on pellagra and pseudo-pellagres 1032:, and the nomination of the conservative 855:election of the President of the Republic 739: 2161:French people of the Revolutions of 1848 2156:Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly 1956: » Biography on the website of the 1918: », preceded by an introduction by 1508:) on the site of Archive.org, p740-743: 1492:, of which you do not speak and to your 1221:Dictionnaire des parlementaires français 974: 807: 617: 472: 301: 2038:« Godefroi Calès » in « 2004:« Godefroy Calès » in « 1743:Essay on the pellagra observed in Corfu 1739:Essai sur la pellagre observée à Corfou 1405:(21/08/1773-?, † 22/01/1855-Cessales), 1390:(26/04/1772-?, † 16/06/1853-Cessales), 1374:(19/12/1766-?, † 14/01/1850-Cessales), 1268:« Godefroy Calès » in « 1240:« Godefroi Calès » in « 880:, defended at the speaker's tribune by 547:half a century before (in 1792) at the 295:named him, on 20 April 1832, pastor in 2123: 1948: 463:legislative elections of 23 April 1848 339:, and this, despite the fact that the 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1823: 1821: 1717:), p.527, Chapter: Thérapeutique, by 1659: 1657: 1502:« La Révolution Française » 1077:Legislative National Assembly of 1849 1046:Constituent National Assembly of 1848 1011:(upper-right, with a newspaper hat), 171: 1351:The Calès siblings consisted of: 1) 999:(next to Lamartine, bottom-center), 906:Being accused of having allowed the 485:, and was elected on 23 April 1848, 72:23 April 1848 – 26 May 1849 1725:. Read on the Archive.org website: 1648:. Read on the Archive.org website: 1594:. Read on the Archive.org website: 1549:. Read on the Archive.org website: 1312:. Read on the Archive.org website: 1020:Godefroy Calès vividly opposed the 873:was thus set for 10 December 1848. 853:wanted to oppose the project of an 13: 1925: 1818: 1654: 1056:to some moderate republicans like 776:« contrainte par corps » 206:Marianne Louise Victorine Fournier 14: 2172: 1896:et à Mme Edgar Quinet (1868–1873) 1215:« Godefroy Calès », in 759:and the former prefect of police 723:, all republicans, men of heart. 277:revocation of the Edict of Nantes 1028:as President of the Republic on 38: 2151:The Mountain (1849) politicians 2084: 2052: 2032: 1998: 1966: 1908: 1884: 1841: 1797: 1780: 1764: 1755: 1731: 1613: 1569:, , Paris, Imp. Rignoux, 1845. 1384:Colonel and Baron of the Empire 1209: 995:(on his knees, bottom-center), 398:Vitamin B3 (Niacin, Vitamin PP) 388:and, in the most severe cases, 16:French physician and politician 2146:Politicians from Île-de-France 1892:Lettres de Jean-Jules Calès à 1855:Publisher: Calmann Lévy (1886) 1600: 1576: 1555: 1514: 1460: 1437: 1424: 1345: 1092:Léonie Alphonsine Zulmée Metgé 771:were forced to flee on exile. 218:hôpital militaire de Franciade 184:) and died on 25 July 1868 in 1: 1803:Jacqueline Lalouette, « 1407:Unmarried, without profession 1319: 1073:Constituent National Assembly 750:uprising of May and June 1848 662:. From bottom left to right: 495:Constituent National Assembly 1914:Madame Edgar Quinet, « 1770:Sylvie Aprile (2000) « 1388:Jean Joseph Etienne Victorin 1109: 1036:on le 20 December 1848, the 569:Félicité Robert de Lamennais 310:(oil painting, unattributed) 195: 7: 1172:(1828–1889), deputy at the 839:of ministers, elected for a 577:Revolution of February 1848 503:Revolution of February 1848 10: 2177: 1695:« Besides, added Mr. 1409:. Without descendants. 8) 1394:. Without descendants. 6) 1386:. Without descendants. 5) 1359:. Without descendants. 2) 1204: 1184: 1155:Chamber of Representatives 1071:Thus, on 26 May 1849, the 980:L'Assemblée en récréation. 571:, some of the pioneers of 505:and the overthrow of King 254:Chamber of Representatives 252:and representative at the 18: 2023:Ferdinand-Camille Dreyfus 1815:; DOI: 10.4000 / rh19.619 1702:One of the merits of Mr. 1287:Ferdinand-Camille Dreyfus 1170:Jean Jules Godefroy Calès 1161:during the period of the 1100:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 1081:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 709:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 409:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 325:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 186:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 157: 149: 138: 130: 120:Villefranche-de-Lauragais 109: 85: 80: 76: 65: 53: 49: 37: 30: 2059:Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte 1958:French National Assembly 1228:French National Assembly 1026:Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte 1024:: after the election of 837:president of the council 400:, as in the case of non- 358:French second revolution 351:. A letter written from 222:Abbey Church of St Denis 173:[ɡɔd.fʁwaka.lɛs] 1881:" (Digitized by Google) 1132:Council of Five Hundred 1130:(1792–1795) and at the 349:restoration of Monarchy 234:Council of Five-Hundred 2012:La Grande Encyclopédie 1851:to Dr. Jules Calès in 1276:La Grande Encyclopédie 1139:Jean-Chrysostôme Calès 1017: 833:, which proposed that 822: 791:Provisional Government 780:Provisional Government 754:Provisional Government 740:His parliamentary work 737: 696: 557:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 553:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 518:Committee of the Cults 478: 459: 356:that year, during the 312: 238:Jean-Chrysostôme Calès 21:Calès (disambiguation) 1058:Alphonse de Lamartine 1034:cabinet Odilon Barrot 978: 871:presidential election 811: 795:Alphonse de Lamartine 713: 621: 597:Alexis de Tocqueville 501:) declared after the 497:of the new Republic ( 476: 441: 380:and is manifested by 319:, the courses at the 305: 293:Protestant consistory 169:French pronunciation: 1922:, Paris, 1875, p.278 1879:the Internet Archive 1357:Physician and Deputy 19:For other uses, see 2019:Marcellin Berthelot 1525:Gaultier de Claubry 1283:Marcellin Berthelot 1174:Chamber of Deputies 1151:baron of the Empire 1128:National Convention 1114:Godefroy Calès is: 1096:Jean Jules Godefroy 1088:madame Zulmée Calès 734:Madame Edgar Quinet 549:National Convention 417:Academy of Medicine 321:Faculty of Medicine 250:baron of the Empire 230:National Convention 1916:Sentiers de France 1709: » in « 1632: » In « 1126:and deputy at the 1086:He was married to 1018: 932:Expedition of Rome 859:universal suffrage 823: 697: 609:Victor Considerant 511:universal suffrage 479: 329:Revolution of 1830 313: 1719:Théophile Roussel 1642:Théophile Roussel 1588:Théophile Roussel 1567:Théophile Roussel 1543:Théophile Roussel 1372:, known as Figeac 1306:Théophile Roussel 1237: 1235: 1009:general Cavaignac 965:General Garibaldi 916:General Cavaignac 908:June insurrection 899:General Cavaignac 818:national archives 701:Collège de France 456:Théophile Roussel 413:Théophile Roussel 331:Commander of the 182:Seine-Saint-Denis 161: 160: 103:Seine-Saint-Denis 2168: 2115: 2088: 2082: 2056: 2050: 2036: 2030: 2002: 1996: 1988: » (1793). 1976: » (1793). 1970: 1964: 1950: 1923: 1912: 1906: 1888: 1882: 1845: 1839: 1825: 1816: 1801: 1795: 1784: 1778: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1735: 1729: 1661: 1652: 1617: 1611: 1604: 1598: 1580: 1574: 1559: 1553: 1518: 1512: 1472:Jean-Marie Calès 1464: 1458: 1441: 1435: 1428: 1422: 1415:Marie Etiennette 1403:, known as Petit 1392:Military Officer 1380:Jean-Chrysostôme 1349: 1343: 1333: 1236: 1234: 1120:Jean-Marie Calès 1062:Adolphe Billault 1030:11 December 1848 1007:(center-right), 961:Giuseppe Mazzini 953:Prince-President 843:time, and always 827:Jean-Marie Calès 761:Marc Caussidière 735: 565:Victor Schœlcher 545:Jean-Marie Calès 457: 226:Jean-Marie Calès 175: 170: 163:Jean Marie Noël 116: 95: 93: 81:Personal details 70: 42: 28: 27: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2089: 2085: 2057: 2053: 2037: 2033: 2003: 1999: 1984:and the « 1972:See the « 1971: 1967: 1951: 1926: 1913: 1909: 1889: 1885: 1847:Two letters of 1846: 1842: 1826: 1819: 1802: 1798: 1785: 1781: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1736: 1732: 1662: 1655: 1618: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1581: 1577: 1560: 1556: 1519: 1515: 1468:21 October 1833 1465: 1461: 1442: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1350: 1346: 1334: 1327: 1322: 1212: 1207: 1187: 1112: 1050:Rateau proposal 1022:Rateau proposal 991:(bottom-left), 983:(Caricature by 973: 936:General Oudinot 912:National Guards 831:Grevy amendment 825:Like his uncle 742: 736: 733: 589:Francois Guizot 499:Second Republic 471: 458: 455: 370: 198: 168: 139:Political party 118: 114: 97: 91: 89: 71: 66: 57: 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2174: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2117: 2116: 2094:Godefroy Calés 2083: 2051: 2031: 1997: 1965: 1954:Godefroy Calès 1924: 1907: 1883: 1840: 1817: 1796: 1779: 1763: 1754: 1730: 1653: 1612: 1599: 1575: 1563:De la pellagre 1554: 1513: 1459: 1436: 1423: 1344: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1294: 1266: 1252: 1238: 1224: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1180:) (1885–1889). 1178:Third Republic 1168:the father of 1166: 1137:the nephew of 1135: 1118:the nephew of 1111: 1108: 1104:Third Republic 1038:party of Order 972: 969: 878:Right to labor 741: 738: 731: 585:Adolphe Thiers 581:party of Order 507:Louis Philippe 487:representative 470: 467: 453: 421:De la pellagre 369: 366: 333:National Guard 307:Godefroy Calès 281:king Louis XIV 244:in Napoleon's 216:, then called 197: 194: 165:Godefroy Calès 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 144:(The Mountain) 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 117:(aged 69) 111: 107: 106: 87: 83: 82: 78: 77: 74: 73: 63: 62: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 32:Godefroy Calès 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2173: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2101:Jammy Schmidt 2098: 2095: 2087: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1993: 1992:Public domain 1987: 1983: 1981: 1980:Public domain 1975: 1969: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1887: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1660: 1658: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1470:addressed by 1469: 1463: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1440: 1433: 1427: 1420: 1419:Marie Justine 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1192:Radical Party 1189: 1188: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141:(1769–1853), 1140: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1122:(1757–1834), 1121: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 977: 968: 966: 962: 958: 957:Odilon Barrot 954: 950: 946: 941: 937: 933: 928: 924: 922: 917: 913: 909: 905: 902: 900: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 838: 832: 828: 821: 819: 814: 810: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787:death penalty 783: 781: 777: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 755: 751: 746: 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52: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 2104: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2067:Ledru-Rollin 2054: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1989: 1977: 1968: 1953: 1920:Edgar Quinet 1915: 1910: 1899: 1894:Edgar Quinet 1891: 1886: 1878: 1867: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1849:Edgar Quinet 1843: 1832: 1828: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1771: 1766: 1757: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1722: 1714: 1710: 1703: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1607: 1602: 1591: 1583: 1578: 1570: 1562: 1557: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1516: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1467: 1462: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1431: 1426: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1336: 1309: 1301: 1297: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1259: 1255: 1245: 1241: 1220: 1210:Bibliography 1195: 1163:Hundred Days 1134:(1795–1798). 1113: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1070: 1054:the Mountain 1049: 1019: 1013:Ledru-Rollin 982: 979: 945:Ledru-Rollin 940:Pope Pius IX 929: 925: 903: 896: 894: 889: 882:Ledru-Rollin 875: 862: 846: 842: 834: 824: 815: 812: 798: 784: 775: 773: 747: 743: 722: 719: 716: 714: 705:Edgar Quinet 698: 668:Ledru Rollin 629: 625:the Mountain 622: 613:Edgar Quinet 600: 541:La Montagne, 540: 537:the Mountain 534: 517: 515: 513:since 1792. 480: 460: 447: 444: 442: 433: 424: 420: 406: 402:nixtamalized 378:malnutrition 371: 314: 309: 306: 285: 264: 217: 205: 199: 164: 162: 115:(1868-07-25) 113:25 July 1868 67: 25: 2136:1868 deaths 2131:1799 births 2099: » by 2079:Changarnier 1872:read online 1864:read online 1479:Chrysostôme 1396:Jean Joseph 1219:et Cougny, 1157:created by 1066:Jules Grévy 1042:dissolution 1001:Considerant 921:Victor Hugo 897:« The 851:Jules Grevy 803:Victor Hugo 769:Caussidière 757:Louis Blanc 725:Jules Calès 656:de la Drôme 632:Considerant 601:montagnarde 483:département 317:Montpellier 291:I) and the 232:and at the 214:Saint-Denis 202:Saint-Denis 178:Saint-Denis 131:Nationality 99:Saint-Denis 2125:Categories 2109:Le Radical 1952:in « 1833:In English 1827:in « 1494:little boy 1451:Academy)), 1446:française) 1443:in « 1369:Jean-Louis 1353:Jean-Marie 1320:References 1197:Le Radical 1147:Great Army 845:revocable 745:deposits. 394:tryptophan 382:dermatitis 337:Jean-Marie 279:issued by 246:Great Army 150:Profession 142:Left wing 92:1799-03-21 2107: », 2077:(0,25%), 2075:Lamartine 2065:(19,5%), 2063:Cavaignac 2042: » ( 2008: » ( 1790: » ( 1747:In French 1741: » ( 1723:In French 1713: » ( 1646:In French 1636: » ( 1592:In French 1571:In French 1547:In French 1537: » ( 1506:in French 1448: » ( 1376:Physician 1310:In French 1300: » ( 1272: » ( 1258: » ( 1244: » ( 1110:Genealogy 993:Lamartine 886:Lamartine 867:Lamartine 863:revocable 644:Lammenais 573:socialism 539:(French: 522:Concordat 341:royalists 283:in 1685. 269:Lauragais 236:, and of 196:Biography 153:Physician 68:In office 2090:« 2073:(0,5%), 1990:Rights: 1978:Rights: 1565: » 1498:. » 1165:in 1815. 1159:Napoleon 1124:regicide 997:Crémieux 989:Proudhon 841:limited 732:— 640:Proudhon 636:Lagrange 530:Holy See 454:— 415:(of the 390:dementia 386:diarrhea 374:pellagra 362:Republic 345:regicide 289:Napoleon 273:Toulouse 258:alderman 2081:(0,05%) 2071:Raspail 1890:« 1875:archive 1786:« 1737:« 1663:« 1619:« 1606:« 1582:« 1561:« 1520:« 1430:« 1400:Etienne 1296:« 1205:Annexes 1185:Hommage 1145:of the 1143:colonel 1044:of the 729: » 715:« 684:Raspail 676:Mathieu 660:Bernard 493:at the 451: » 443:« 436:Roussel 429:Roussel 262:Caraman 242:colonel 2069:(5%), 1866:& 1223:, 1889 1217:Robert 1090:(born 1005:Thiers 692:Leroux 680:Barbès 672:Sarrut 664:Flocon 595:, and 434:Thus, 360:, the 134:French 1704:Calès 1697:Calès 1667:Calès 1628:Calès 1624:Calès 1529:Calés 799:total 765:Blanc 652:Arago 353:Liège 297:Viane 271:near 2021:,... 1622:Dr. 1500:(in 1411:Jean 1361:Jean 1285:,... 1149:and 985:Cham 963:and 955:and 767:and 688:Pyat 396:and 110:Died 86:Born 1413:9) 1398:7) 1064:or 857:by 648:Bac 615:). 611:et 567:or 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