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Korean
Peninsula and its vicinity appears to have flourished extensively, with some dolmens depicting astronomical formations dated to 3000 BC, the reasons for which are currently unknown. This theory postulates that it is highly likely that the Neolithic and Bronze Age culture(s) of the Korean Peninsula and its vicinity developed a unique dolmen culture. In particular, the presence of two distinct styles of dolmen (Northern and Southern, their distribution limits roughly corresponding to the course of the
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317:, bronzes, stone tools, and other funerary artifacts have been excavated from these dolmen. The culture of the people during this time can be gleaned from the evidence left by the dolmen. Additionally, it can be induced from the stones how the stone was quarried, transported, and used to build the dolmen.
511:
A notable dolmen at
Ganghwa is a northern/table-type dolmen, where it was believed that ancestral rites were performed. It is the biggest stone in South Korea with measures of 2.6 × 7.1 × 5.5 meters, but it only has two supporting stones. Combined, the supporting stones and the capstone weigh between
515:
It was designated as
Historic Site No. 137 as one of the representative tombs of the Bronze Age. A large stone measuring 710 cm long, 260 cm high, and 550 cm wide was used, and the shape of the stone is a northern type of dolmen, making it a good source of research on ancient history.
658:
The claim that the person buried in the dolmen is a tomb of a powerful ruler, such as a tribal chief, is gaining credence. There are also various other claims, including the tomb of the ruler and his family, the joint tomb of a blood-related group, and the tomb of the person who made a contribution
449:
Hwasun Dolmen site is located in the valleys around the
Jiseokgang River, which connects Hyosan-ri, Dogok-myeon, and Dasin-ri, Chunyang-myeon. The dolmen scattered around Hyosan-ri, Dogok-myeon is estimated to be the dolmen of 135 out of a total of 980 stone structures. These dolmens are less well
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The dolmens were built from east to west at the foot of a series of hills at an altitude of 15 to 50 meters/49 feet to 164 feet. Generally, the capstones of the dolmens are around 1 to 5.8 meters/3.2 to 19 feet in length and may weigh up to 225 tons. 442 dolmens have been documented and classified
368:
This theory postulates that
Neolithic peoples in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia either brought dolmen and their construction information with them when migrating to the Korean Peninsula, or that such information was transmitted to Neolithic peoples already in Korea from other Neolithic
457:
The typical characteristic of Hwasun Dolmen is 596 dolmens in a small area, and the largest statue in Korea is located in Daesin-ri, Chunyang-myeon. The tomb is 7.3 meters long, 5.0 meters wide, and 4.0 meters thick, and weighs 280 tons. The largest dolmen in Hyosan-ri, Dogok-myeon, is 5.3 meters
385:
This theory is based on the facts that: Korean dolmens are the most concentrated of any in the world, and that Korea alone accounts for some 40% of all dolmens in the world; Korean dolmens are diverse in morphology and distinct from those in other parts of the world; and megalithic culture on the
507:
Ganghwa Island is a place rich in mountains and water and early ruling groups were formed to make dolmen. Also, there are about 150 dolmens in abundance, which is good for making dolmen. The distribution map of the dolmen shows that the dolmens were closely related to fishing in the Bronze Age,
525:
343:
Three main theories exist regarding the origins of the Korean dolmens: 1) information about dolmens and their construction was transmitted via sea routes from
Southeast Asia; 2) information about dolmens and their construction was transmitted from Neolithic peoples living north of the Korean
617:
Although there were many controversies over the function of the dolmen on the Korean
Peninsula, it was confirmed that the stone was made for the purpose of the tomb in 1967 when the complete human bones were discovered at Hwangseok-ri Dolmen in Jecheon, North Chungcheong Province.
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or tombstone in addition to the tomb. Claiming the function of the altar, the table dolmen might have served as an altar rather than a tomb, citing the fact that they are located higher than the surrounding area so that people can easily see, and the appearance of grandeur on the
402:. The table/northern-type and the go-board/southern-type. In the former, four stones were positioned to make the walls of a box and were capped by a stone which lay on top of the supports. The latter is characterized by underground burial with stones that supported the capstone.
634:
In addition, in the case of a group of dolmen, sometimes the dolmen can be seen to be unusually large or different in direction than other dolmens, which is presumed to be a simple function that was built to reveal the authority and prestige of the tomb-building group.
609:. Among them, the dolmens in Won Ji-dong were discovered with related artifacts in 1984 but most of them are now believed to have been destroyed due to a lack of government protections (in the form of protective facilities, signs, and cultural property designations).
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groups in present-day
Manchuria and southern Siberia. This theory relies at some other observations: the similarities in shape between dolmens in Korea and those in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia and; the similarities in Bronze Age burial artifacts (see
654:
In particular, the
Hwangseok-ri dolmen skeleton is almost perfect, about 176 centimeters tall, and the skull shape differs from that of today's Koreans, but it has yet to be confirmed whether it is a common form or personal difference.
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The dolmens of Hyosan-ri are estimated to have been exposed to at least 250 places, including those that have been quarried for building the dolmen. According to a survey, 124 out of 3,309 stone structures are estimated to be dolmen.
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360:. Many dolmens on the Korean Peninsula are distributed along Korea's western coastline, especially in the south of the peninsula, and this distribution could be consistent with transmission via migration from Southeast Asia.
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and its metropolitan area is believed to have, at one time, been home to a large number of dolmens, which would be consistent with the higher concentration of dolmens in western Korea. However, in the process of rapid
390:) suggests that Korea's geographic location may have provided easy access for the Neolithic/Bronze Age peoples of Korea to dolmen cultures from multiple regions, influencing the development of a unique dolmen culture.
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However, some argue that the tomb was not just a function of the tomb. Although there is no objection to the fact that the tomb functioned as a tomb, some argue that the stone was made as a function of an
492:. They are situated on the slopes of mountains and are thus higher in elevation than their counterparts. These dolmens are believed to be the earliest ones made because the dolmen groups in Bugeun-ri (
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Excavation at the sites did not begin until 1965. Since then, multiple digs have been sponsored and an extensive program of inventory and preservation has been initiated by the Korean government.
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The
Ganghwa Dolmen site was registered as a World Heritage Site along with Gochang and Hwasun at the 24th UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Cairns, Australia on November 29, 2000.
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The Hwasun Dolmen Site is listed as Historic Site #410. The Hwasun Dolmen site was registered as World Heritage No. 997 with Gochang and Ganghwa Dolmen on December 2, 2000.
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in those regions. However, the distribution of dolmens in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia is much less concentrated than in Korea, which weakens this theory.
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is home to over 35,000 dolmens, accounting for approximately 40% of the world's total; the Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa sites are themselves home to over 1,000 dolmens.
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Examples of human bones excavated from the dolmen site are Hwangseok-ri in Jecheon, North Chungcheong Province, Chuncheon in Gangwon Province, Jincheon-dong in
373:) between those in Korea and those in present-day Manchuria; and the close connection between dolmens in present-day Manchuria and southern Siberia and the
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This site of dolmens contains the largest and most varied group. They are known as the Jungnim-ri dolmens and are centered in Maesan village,
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This group is believed to have been constructed around the seventh century BCE. The Gochang Dolmen Site is listed as Historic Site #391.
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during the construction of the dolmen, and also provides information on the thought and religious aspects of the time.
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Peninsula; and 3) dolmens in Korea originated from Neolithic civilizations on the Korean Peninsula.
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and the practice ended around the third century BCE. The dolmen culture is linked with the
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A history of East Asia : from the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century
571:, Gangwon-do, and 101 more dolmens were added to Korea's already-lengthy list of dolmens.
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long, 3.6 meters wide, and 3.0 meters thick, which is estimated to be more than 100 tons.
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1128:"Hwasun Dolmen Site [UNESCO World Heritage] (화순 고인돌군 유적 [유네스코 세계문화유산])"
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According to this theory, information about dolmens and their construction spread from
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which were used as grave markers, and for ritual purposes during the first millennium
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stones are invaluable because they mark the graves of the ruling elite. Pottery,
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888:(Asian ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
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825:"Dolmen - Under 300 tons of rock, the life of the Bronze Age is dormant"
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UNESCO World Heritage List. "Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites."
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851:(1. publ. ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
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1026:. Korea: Korean History Research Association. 1984. pp. 1~24.
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have been dated to the seventh century BCE in locations such as
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The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall
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Recently, a large number of sites were discovered in
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Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the
1301:"Discovering Large Dolmen in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do"
532:Dolmens in South Korea are mostly concentrated in
169:Dolmen sites: 1 = Gochang, 2 = Hwasun, 3 = Ganghwa
473:An example of a go-board/southern-type dolmen on
414:One of the tallest Dolmens at Gochang Dolmen site
398:Dolmens are generally classified as two types in
290:when the Megalithic Culture was prominent on the
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508:although they are now separated from the sea.
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1176:"Hwasun Hyosan-ri and Daesin-ri Jisokmyogun"
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723:Earth Epochs: Cataclysms across the Holocene
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1319:"Check the world's largest dolmen in Yeosu"
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1422:"What about the people in the Bronze Age?"
1038:"Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites"
804:"Dolmen is standing on megalithic culture"
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348:Theorized transmission from Southeast Asia
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270:Koch'ang / Hwasun / Kanghwa Chisŏngmyogun
16:UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Korea
1555:Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites
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181:Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites
20:Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites
1059:"고창 고인돌 유적 > 고창군의 고인돌 > 고창군의 고인돌"
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1627:Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea
1359:"the Bronze age's notion of the Death"
1024:A Study on the Dolmen Culture of Korea
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1241:"Dolmen culture and Korean's spirit"
980:. September 24, 2016. Archived from
975:"Astronomical signs of Korean tombs"
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364:Theorized spread from Northeast Asia
1697:World Heritage Sites in South Korea
1682:Archaeological sites in South Korea
1600:Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes
1521:World Heritage Sites in South Korea
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498:, in Hajeom-myeon) and Gocheon-ri (
430:based on the size of the capstone.
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1283:"Distribution of Dolmen by Region"
706:https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/977
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1618:Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
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294:. The sites were designated as a
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1181:Cultural Heritage Administration
1103:"[세계문화유산 여행] 화순 고인돌 유적지"
1088:Cultural Heritage Administration
1083:"Gochang Jukrim-ri Jisokmyo-gun"
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940:Nelson, Sarah Milledge (2012).
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882:Nelson, Sarah Milledge (1993).
1201:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
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536:. By region, there are 338 in
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371:Liaoning bronze dagger culture
332:and bronze cultures of Korea.
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1381:Korea Creative Content Agency
1287:Korea Creative Content Agency
783:"The origin of Korean Dolmen"
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480:These dolmens are located on
445:Dolmens at Hwasun Dolmen Site
1650:Confucian Academies of Korea
1480:Gochang Dolmen site Homepage
1377:"the function of the dolmen"
1196:"Ganghwa Bugeun-ri Jisokmyo"
999:"Megalithic culture, Dolmen"
597:Daemo mountain, Umyun-dong,
112:314.55 ha (777.3 acres)
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1581:Historic Villages of Korea:
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104:51.65 ha (127.6 acres)
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1550:Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats
845:Holcombe, Charles (2011).
748:Meyerhoff, Janusz (2013).
726:. John Jensen. p. 276
546:North Chungcheong Province
27:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1215:younghwan (27 May 2014).
946:. Routledge. p. 16.
679:List of largest monoliths
558:North Gyeongsang Province
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885:The archaeology of Korea
574:Sansuri, Yulchon-myeon,
1560:Gyeongju Historic Areas
1404:(in Korean), 2018-12-03
1263:korean.visitkorea.or.kr
1156:korean.visitkorea.or.kr
1005:(in Korean). 2014-12-22
381:Theorized Korean origin
1687:Dolmens in South Korea
987:on September 24, 2016.
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520:Other Korean dolmens
465:Ganghwa Dolmen Sites
250:Revised Romanization
66:Cultural: (iii)
1217:"강화역사박물관, 강화도의 고인돌"
528:Dolmen mар in Korea
437:Hwasun Dolmen Sites
406:Gochang Dolmen Site
315:comma-shaped jewels
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720:Jensen Jr., John.
639:Cadaver and status
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1572:Tripitaka Koreana
1465:Cultural Heritage
1402:위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
1107:문화유산채널-문화유산뉴스-여행기
1063:www.gochang.go.kr
953:978-1-134-81659-0
928:978-0-7134-5369-0
918:Joussaume, Roger
858:978-0-521-51595-5
761:978-1-304-65092-4
587:urban development
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486:Ganghwa County
482:Ganghwa Island
475:Ganghwa Island
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358:rice culture
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1545:Gaya Tumuli
1324:Munhwa Ilbo
1259:"대한민국 구석구석"
1152:"대한민국 구석구석"
1109:(in Korean)
1040:(in Korean)
806:(in Korean)
785:(in Korean)
556:, 2,800 in
394:Description
356:along with
84:2000 (24th
81:Inscription
55:South Korea
1676:Categories
1635:Grotto and
1576:Woodblocks
1408:2018-12-18
1268:2018-12-18
1226:2018-12-19
1161:2018-12-18
1137:2018-12-18
1113:2018-12-19
1068:2018-12-19
1044:2018-11-25
1009:2018-11-25
930:p. 141–142
831:2018-11-25
810:2018-11-25
789:2018-11-25
685:References
603:Wonji-dong
595:Gaepo-dong
548:, 1597 in
426:province.
320:Dolmen in
311:megalithic
93:Extensions
40:Dolmen at
1632:Seokguram
569:Chuncheon
544:, 189 in
540:, 502 in
400:East Asia
330:Neolithic
71:Reference
1638:Bulguksa
1590:Yangdong
1427:OhmyNews
754:. Lulu.
663:See also
629:pedestal
298:Site by
62:Criteria
50:Location
1605:Jongmyo
1565:Haeinsa
1485:Ganghwa
959:4 March
901:4 March
864:4 March
767:4 March
730:4 March
490:Incheon
326:Gochang
284:dolmens
86:Session
1646:Seowon
1641:Temple
1608:Shrine
1475:UNESCO
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605:, and
300:UNESCO
187:Hangul
1623:Sansa
1584:Hahoe
1398:"고인돌"
1305:News1
985:(PDF)
978:(PDF)
645:Daegu
624:altar
582:Seoul
576:Yeosu
322:Korea
203:Hanja
1003:천지일보
961:2016
948:ISBN
924:ISBN
903:2016
890:ISBN
866:2016
853:ISBN
769:2016
756:ISBN
732:2016
309:The
278:The
101:Area
96:2017
1587:and
501:고천리
495:부근리
288:BCE
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240:群
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234:石
231:支
228:華
225:江
221:順
218:和
214:敞
211:高
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