45:
483:
became responsible for nominating judges for the
Althing courts. When a court of appeals was established in the early 11th century, they also nominated judges for this court. Further, they had a few formal and informal executive roles, such as confiscating the property of outlaws. They also had a
247:
From the pagan era in mainland
Scandinavia, the only sources for the title are runestones. The Norwegian Nordhuglo stone from around AD 400 seems to place the title in opposition to magic, using a word related to the Old Norse
422:
she had to leave the leadership to a man. The office was in many respects treated as private property but was not counted as taxable, and is defined in the Gray Goose Laws as "power and not wealth" (
1130:
1155:
488:, by holding feasts, giving gifts, making loans, extending hospitality, as well as pricing and helping to distribute imported goods. The holder of the
112:
leader responsible for a religious structure and communal feasts, but the title is primarily known as a secular political title from medieval
648:
498:, the first Scandinavian to settle permanently in Iceland, had the ceremonial role of sanctifying the Althing each year, and was called the
959:
286:
named Roulv whose name also appears on two other runestones, the lost
Avnslev stone and the Flemløse 2 stone. The early 10th-century
1221:
199:, Sweden, that probably retain the name. Otherwise, there are no further surviving attestations except from Iceland where the
1282:
1272:
266:" followed by "he who is immune to sorcery" or "he who does not engage in sorcery". The three Danish stones are all from
1226:
684:
931:
891:
767:
886:
Gunnar
Karlsson, Goðamenning. Investigation of the role of the goðar (chieftains) in the Old Commonwealth period.
952:
573:
were controlled by five or six families and often united under office holders who in modern studies are known as
1277:
1191:
597:
struggled for regional and sometimes national power, and occasionally sought to become retainers for the
403:
945:
937:
1267:
660:
350:
was usually a wealthy and respected man in his district, for he had to maintain the communal hall or
1262:
1056:
485:
303:
17:
1257:
1087:
477:, the legislative section of the assembly. When quarter courts were introduced in the 960s, the
616:
105:
784:
874:
829:
711:
341:
299:
38:
1092:
812:
163:
8:
612:
435:
495:
1216:
1107:
1030:
794:
598:
358:
in which community religious observances and feasts were held. The office over which a
148:
93:
1160:
1097:
969:
927:
887:
763:
540:
was not a geographical unit—and the contract could be canceled from either side. The
1247:
1170:
501:
1252:
1020:
528:
in possession of a certain amount of property was required to be associated with a
327:
287:
240:
186:
683:
is often used as a priestly title by modern adherents of various denominations of
1102:
790:
654:
407:
380:
around 930. In 964, the system was fixed under a constitution that recognized 39
321:
298:, which is a religious structure. It thus attaches the title to a simultaneously
138:
135:
196:
1025:
858:
335:
1175:
293:
225:
1241:
1196:
998:
993:
370:, a word that only appears in Icelandic sources. Initially many independent
1135:
1066:
924:
A Piece of Horse Liver: Myth, Ritual and
Folklore in Old Icelandic Sources
1140:
706:
353:
159:
967:
701:
471:
in the autumn. At the national
Althing, they were voting members of the
274:
Helnæs and Flemløse 1 stones provide no details about the function of a
1165:
392:
as secular leaders is shown in how the word was used synonymously with
271:
59:
696:
552:
to bring cases before the court and to enforce their rights, and the
416:
could be bought, shared, traded or inherited. If a woman inherited a
172:
1131:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
1071:
438:
as concerned with money and expected to be paid for their services.
1150:
983:
716:
185:
from three Danish runestones: DR 190 Helnæs, DR 192 Flemløse 1 and
109:
108:. The term originally had a religious significance, referring to a
44:
1145:
1035:
525:
861:
564:
with armed manpower for his feuds and carry out legal sentences.
377:
176:
131:
113:
988:
678:
672:
261:
255:
166:
1040:
1015:
721:
608:
459:
man") included the annual organization of the local assemblies
1061:
290:
uses the term for a local dignitary who was associated with a
1005:
726:
441:
During the
Icelandic Commonwealth, the responsibilities of a
267:
230:
31:
406:, the term lost all religious connotations and came to mean
104:) was a position of political and social prominence in the
55:
762:(Phillip Pulsiano, ed.), 230–231. Garland: NY and London,
147:
for "priest", although the corresponding form of this in
220:
Ragnhildr placed this stone in memory of Alli the Pale,
834:
Studien zu
Literatur, Sprache und Geschichte in Europa
142:
402:. Over time, and especially after 1000, when the
1239:
601:. The institution came to an end when the major
666:
658:
646:
640:
634:
620:
602:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
519:
513:
507:
499:
489:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
429:
423:
417:
411:
393:
387:
381:
371:
365:
359:
351:
345:
333:
325:
315:
291:
281:
275:
249:
200:
180:
152:
125:
98:
86:
78:
70:
49:
410:or chieftain of the Icelandic Commonwealth. A
376:were established, until they united under the
953:
534:, although he was free to choose which one—a
190:
162:, there is one surviving attestation in the
179:N KJ65 U), and in the later Old Norse form
37:"Goði" redirects here. For other uses, see
960:
946:
758:Byock, Jesse L. (1993). "Goði". Entry in
1222:Christianisation of the Germanic peoples
859:Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk
619:, and the Norwegian crown abolished the
404:Christian conversion occurred in Iceland
130:, meaning "god". It possibly appears in
43:
830:Runen als Phänomen der oberen Schichten
824:
822:
780:
778:
776:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
213:
14:
1240:
875:Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions
849:. C.W.K. Gleerups förlag, Lund. p. 308
800:
189:. There are a few placenames, such as
941:
760:Medieval Scandinavia, an Encyclopedia
205:would be of historical significance.
54:leading the people in sacrificing to
915:: The Function of the Tenth-Century
907:Aðalsteinsson, Jón Hnefill (1998). "
819:
773:
739:
314:The most reliable sources about the
27:Priest or tribal Scandinavian leader
968:Religious practices and worship in
24:
1227:Heathenry (new religious movement)
901:
25:
1294:
434:are frequently portrayed in the
786:An Icelandic-English dictionary
880:
867:
852:
839:
653:were adopted by the Icelandic
633:In the early 1970s, the words
628:
151:would have been an unattested
13:
1:
732:
567:By the 13th century, all the
171:from the Norwegian Nordhuglo
1283:Political history of Iceland
591:("great chieftains"). These
558:would in return provide the
364:had leadership was termed a
143:
119:
7:
1273:Medieval history of Iceland
690:
10:
1299:
615:in 1262–1264, signing the
309:
262:
256:
208:
36:
29:
1209:
1184:
1123:
1116:
1080:
1049:
976:
847:Svensk etymologisk ordbok
845:Hellquist, Elof. (1966).
873:Terje Spurkland (2005).
486:redistribution of wealth
139:translation of the Bible
30:Not to be confused with
1156:Sacred trees and groves
679:
673:
512:"). The followers of a
425:veldi er þat en æigi fe
334:
326:
292:
282:
276:
250:
181:
167:
99:
667:
659:
647:
641:
635:
621:
603:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
520:
514:
508:
500:
494:of the descendants of
490:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
430:
424:
418:
412:
394:
388:
382:
372:
366:
360:
352:
346:
316:
304:religious upper strata
236:
201:
191:
154:
126:
124:The word derives from
106:Icelandic Commonwealth
87:
79:
71:
62:
50:
1278:Viking Age in Iceland
1192:Hof Ásatrúarfélagsins
828:Klaus Düwel (2008). "
712:Divine right of kings
342:settlement of Iceland
239:Inscription from the
218:
47:
39:Godi (disambiguation)
926:, 35–56. Reykjavik.
813:Nationalencyklopedin
685:Germanic neopaganism
484:central role in the
428:); nevertheless the
254:. The inscription's
214:Mainland Scandinavia
58:in this painting by
613:Haakon IV of Norway
320:in Iceland are the
1217:Germanic mythology
894:. ISK 4990. (2004)
795:Gudbrand Vigfusson
665:. Following this,
465:in the spring and
386:. The role of the
257:Ek gudija ungandiz
63:
1235:
1234:
1205:
1204:
1161:Temple at Uppsala
970:Germanic paganism
187:DR 209 Glavendrup
48:A depiction of a
16:(Redirected from
1290:
1268:Political titles
1121:
1120:
1021:Merseburg charms
962:
955:
948:
939:
938:
921:
895:
884:
878:
871:
865:
856:
850:
843:
837:
826:
817:
804:
798:
782:
771:
756:
682:
676:
670:
664:
652:
644:
638:
624:
606:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
523:
517:
511:
505:
496:Ingólfr Arnarson
493:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
433:
427:
421:
415:
397:
391:
385:
375:
369:
363:
357:
349:
339:
331:
319:
297:
288:Glavendrup stone
285:
280:, but mention a
279:
265:
259:
253:
243:
241:Glavendrup stone
234:of the retinue.
204:
194:
184:
170:
164:Proto-Norse form
157:
146:
129:
102:
90:
82:
74:
53:
21:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1263:Medieval titles
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1201:
1180:
1112:
1076:
1045:
972:
966:
919:
904:
902:Further reading
899:
898:
885:
881:
872:
868:
857:
853:
844:
840:
827:
820:
805:
801:
791:Richard Cleasby
783:
774:
757:
740:
735:
693:
661:Ásatrúarfélagið
631:
546:would help his
322:Gray Goose Laws
312:
245:
238:
216:
211:
136:Gothic language
122:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1296:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:Norse paganism
1255:
1250:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1210:Related topics
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1171:Uppåkra temple
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
986:
980:
978:
974:
973:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
936:
935:
903:
900:
897:
896:
879:
866:
851:
838:
818:
799:
797:(1874) p. 208.
772:
737:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
692:
689:
649:allsherjargoði
630:
627:
599:Norwegian king
588:storhöfðingjar
526:free landowner
502:allsherjargoði
336:Sturlunga saga
311:
308:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
121:
118:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
975:
971:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
943:
940:
933:
932:9979-54-264-0
929:
925:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
893:
892:9979-3-2553-4
889:
883:
876:
870:
863:
860:
855:
848:
842:
835:
831:
825:
823:
815:
814:
809:
803:
796:
792:
788:
787:
781:
779:
777:
769:
768:0-8240-4787-7
765:
761:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
738:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
686:
681:
675:
669:
663:
662:
657:organization
656:
651:
650:
643:
637:
626:
623:
618:
614:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
562:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
527:
522:
516:
510:
506:("all-people
504:
503:
497:
492:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
437:
432:
426:
420:
414:
409:
405:
401:
396:
390:
384:
379:
374:
368:
362:
356:
355:
348:
343:
338:
337:
330:
329:
323:
318:
307:
305:
301:
296:
295:
289:
284:
278:
273:
269:
264:
258:
252:
244:
242:
235:
233:
232:
228:, honourable
227:
223:
206:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
156:
150:
145:
140:
137:
133:
128:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
95:
91:
89:
83:
81:
75:
73:
67:
61:
57:
52:
46:
40:
33:
19:
1136:Externsteine
1010:
923:
916:
912:
908:
882:
869:
854:
846:
841:
833:
811:
807:
806:The article
802:
785:
759:
632:
617:Old Covenant
566:
518:were called
450:goðorðsmaður
440:
399:
340:. After the
313:
270:. The early
246:
237:
229:
221:
219:
197:Södermanland
123:
97:
85:
77:
69:
65:
64:
1093:Anglo-Saxon
707:Sacred king
629:Neopaganism
328:Landnámabók
160:Scandinavia
1242:Categories
1166:Trollkyrka
1124:Historical
1081:Variations
1050:Veneration
733:References
408:liege-lord
398:, meaning
272:Viking Age
260:means "I,
60:J. L. Lund
1117:Locations
1067:Landdísir
1026:Þorrablót
977:Practices
697:Feudalism
576:storgoðar
400:chieftain
226:sanctuary
173:runestone
149:Icelandic
120:Etymology
94:Old Norse
1151:Irminsul
1098:Frankish
999:Dísablót
994:Álfablót
877:. p. 49.
836:. p. 69.
717:Thingmen
702:Hestavíg
691:See also
655:neopagan
625:system.
611:to king
607:pledged
579:("great
555:þingmenn
549:þingmenn
524:. Every
521:þingmenn
474:Lögrétta
395:höfðingi
332:and the
76:(plural
1253:Priests
1197:Manheim
1057:Deities
1031:Seeress
862:Rundata
808:gotiska
462:várþing
378:Althing
347:hofgoði
310:Iceland
300:secular
224:of the
209:History
177:Rundata
132:Ulfilas
114:Iceland
84:, fem.
1185:Modern
1103:Gothic
1072:Vættir
1041:Symbel
1016:Hallow
930:
890:
816:(1992)
766:
722:Volkhv
642:goðorð
622:goðorð
609:fealty
585:") or
570:goðorð
537:goðorð
491:goðorð
456:goðorð
419:goðorð
413:goðorð
383:goðorð
373:goðorð
367:goðorð
324:, the
263:gudija
168:gudija
1248:Goðar
1146:Hörgr
1108:Norse
1088:Early
1062:Dísir
1036:Seiðr
1006:Galdr
984:Bless
922:, in
727:Vitki
680:gothi
604:goðar
594:goðar
582:goðar
480:goðar
436:sagas
431:goðar
389:goðar
317:goðar
268:Funen
251:gandr
202:goðar
192:Gudby
158:. In
153:*
144:gudja
110:pagan
88:gyðja
80:goðar
66:Gothi
32:Goths
18:Goðar
1011:Goði
989:Blót
928:ISBN
917:Goði
913:Þing
911:and
909:Blót
888:ISBN
793:and
764:ISBN
674:godi
668:goði
645:and
636:goði
561:goði
543:goði
531:goði
515:goði
509:goði
468:leið
444:goði
361:goði
344:, a
302:and
283:guþi
277:guþi
231:þegn
222:guþi
182:guþi
155:gyði
100:guþi
72:goði
56:Thor
51:goði
1141:Hof
832:".
810:in
789:by
677:or
447:or
354:hof
195:in
141:as
127:goð
68:or
1244::
1176:Vé
821:^
775:^
741:^
687:.
671:,
639:,
453:("
306:.
294:vé
134:'
116:.
96::
92:;
961:e
954:t
947:v
934:.
920:"
864:.
770:.
175:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
