Glossary of motorsport terms

2399: 3714: 2855: 2224:, the time generally between December and February. Because of Australia being in the Southern Hemisphere, some drivers in North America will fly down to Australia during the time and participate in various meetings before the major series have Florida-based meetings in February. The recognised International Season typically runs from Christmas Day (because of the time difference, it usually is Christmas night in the United States where the international drivers are based, when the Boxing Day races start), until the week before the Florida meetings. The most notable races on the international season there include Australian Speedweek at various Australian tracks starting on Boxing Day and the 1042: 1847: 3441: 2944: 370: 4471: 4137: 2264: 2374: 3884: 3731: 1646: 755: 2578: 1338: 4563: 3367: 1384: 3159: 4463: 4605: 3643: 1295: 772:

lean into the corner (like on a motorcycle), which reduces lateral forces on the tire and causes less flex in the sidewall, although it does also have the effect of increasing tire wear.: B.) Banking (see above), the angle at which a corner inclines towards the outside (or a straight from its lower side to its higher side). Sometimes specified as positive camber and negative camber, the latter indicating a decline from the inside of a corner.

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began. IndyCar has a yellow checker rule, and NASCAR allows it if a race is shortened because of a curfew or darkness, if the race is already on its final lap when the yellow must be waved, or if there is a yellow implemented after the leader crosses the finish line during a valid green-white-checker finish once the race has restarted. In Formula One, when there is a yellow checker, the safety car will not lead the leader to the finish line.

1929: 24: 1189:). On road courses, a dogleg may be present on a long straightaway, curving the straight slightly, but usually not enough to require drivers to slow down much for the turn. On an oval, a dogleg can be located on the front stretch, creating an oblong shape, adding a challenge, increasing sightlines for fans, and again, usually not requiring drivers to slow down for the extra curve. A 4041:

box. Doing work on the car would negate the serving of the penalty, and the penalty would have to be re-served the next time around. In some cases, the car is held in the box for a specified number of seconds before being allowed to resume. Since the early/mid-1990s, this penalty has seen less use, replaced in most cases by the drive-through penalty.

2320:, when a car passes before they cross the start-finish line or the restart line. When this is done, a penalty is usually imposed. In drag racing, a jump start is signalled by a red light in the offending driver's lane, and they lose unless a more serious foul (boundary line or failure to report to post-race inspection after a round win) occurs. 1084:

to be "tuned" to optimize power. Because a supercharger pressurizes intake air at a fixed mechanical ratio to engine speed, the engine suffers a proportionate loss in power, but not as severe as a naturally aspirated engine does. Turbocharged engines are largely unaffected, as the lower density of the intake air is offset by the lower

948:). In some cases, the safety car only is applied after a set number of consecutive green-flag laps or time has been run without a safety car (typically 50-100 laps). A cash or points bonus may be paid to the team leading at the time of the period (such as end-of-stage competition cautions in NASCAR's national series). 3316:, heat races may be run as reverse grid races with a points system that gives points for cars passed as well as finishing points. At the end of the heat races, the combined total of passing and finishing points are used to determine the starting grid for the A main, and which drivers are sent to lower events. 4720:

In rallying, the official vehicles (numbered 000, 00, and 0) that run through a special stage at near rallying speeds to check for road conditions, obstructions, and safety risks (such as spectators or animals) prior to the rally cars running through the course, as well as to notify the public of the

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When the front wheel of a motorcycle oscillates rapidly at speed, causing the handlebars to slap against the fuel tank. It is increasingly being used to refer to a vehicle that loses traction at the rear, regains traction and loses it again, causing the rear to weave side to side independently of the

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A finish in which two or more cars are so close that in times past, a photograph of the finishers crossing the finish line would need to be studied to determine the finishing order. While the practice has been mostly superseded by modern electronic timing systems, the location of the transponder in a

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are preferred as the sign is not round, but sometimes square, and often is in a specific design unique to the driver or team. In addition, in NASCAR and IndyCar, the sign is usually only used for the driver to locate their pit box, and is pulled back (not normally being used to signal departure as it

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When a full-course caution occurs right before the end of a race, the race is extended beyond its scheduled distance. Depending on the sanctioning body, there may be either one or multiple attempts at a restart, between one and five laps, before the race is declared officially over. NASCAR's national

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The time that a rally crew is due at the next time control. If the crew arrive on or before their due time, they will incur no time penalty. In practice, because determining a winner depends on being able to sort finishers in order of accrued penalty points (those with the fewest wins), due times are

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to the flat undertrays of the 1980s in various attempts to use aerodynamics to suck the cars closer to the bitumen, minimising the air underneath the car that could slow its progress. Today most such categories feature a stepped undertray with sidepods siting higher in the air than the centre of the

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Term used when a driver in a low preliminary race advanced through multiple races to advance to a much higher feature. Common in midget and sprint car races where a driver advances from the C Main to the A Main that day, or in the final day, advances through three or more levels (H Main, advances to

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The period near and after the conclusion of the racing season during which teams and drivers may begin preparing to make changes for the upcoming season. Potential changes at a team may be new or different drivers, sponsors, engines/chassis, team personnel, and cars. Rumours often run rampant during

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A painted line defining the area where the pit lane rejoins the race track, and prevents cars exiting the pit from driving into race traffic travelling past the pits, or vice versa. Competitors are penalised for crossing the blend line, ensuring that exiting cars have reached sufficient speed before

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A team or driver who qualifies and starts a race but only runs a small number of laps to avoid using up resources (tires, parts, pit crew effort, etc.). The team or driver will intentionally drop out of the race, placing last or near to last, but will still collect the corresponding prize money and

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A pejorative term for a corner or series of corners on a circuit that are thought to be poorly designed, slow, uncompetitive, uninteresting, and usually difficult or near impossible to overtake through, which detract from the overall challenge of the course. In some cases where the entire course is

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A term in drag racing which often refers to atmospheric air pressure decreasing as altitude above sea level increases. All supercharged internal combustion engines produce less power as air pressure drops, as each intake stroke draws in less air per volume than normally. This may require the engine

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A.) The angle at which wheels are set up to tilt in or out, measured in degrees in or out from 90 degrees. Positive camber means the top of the tyre is angled outwards from the car; negative camber means that the top tilts inwards. Negative camber assists cornering performance, as the outside tires

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A term derived when the final lap in a race is completed during a full course yellow while the field is under the control of the safety car. In this instance, the yellow and checkered flags are waved together, and the race is declared finished with the order the same as when the full course yellow

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When the rear tyres (or front tyres in the case of a front wheel drive vehicle) break traction with the racing surface under acceleration, spinning the wheels faster than they move across the surface. On higher traction surfaces like bitumen the tyre will begin to shred and melt from the friction,

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A penalty given to a driver for an on-track infraction that requires them to enter their pit box (or in some cases a special penalty pit box) and come to a complete stop before resuming. No work is allowed to be done on the car during the penalty, even if it is being served in the driver's own pit

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A phenomenon caused by the drying out of the clay surface on short circuit oval tracks. If a minimum percentage of moisture on the track surface is not maintained, the clay will dry out, causing the rubber of the specialized clay circuit tires to prematurely wear the same way as on paved circuits,

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Where cars start a race in the reverse order of qualifying, or perceived race pace, usually with timed gaps between cars starting a race. More common in racing's early days than today, the effect was to produce a race result in which all cars would arrive at the race finish together, regardless of

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A form of motorsport which consists largely of an obstacle course of tight turns, spins and reversing. The winner is the one who completes all prescribed manoeuvrers in the shortest possible time. The course is usually marked out with traffic cones or similar devices, and hitting them with the car

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A system by which the suspension is controlled by a computer to maintain an optimum distance above the racing surface, regardless of forces acting upon the car and changes in the racing surface, thus maximising the aerodynamic assistance that can be gained by running the car closer to the ground.

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Generally refers to a category or series of lesser importance which, in most cases, will race at the same race meeting as a senior category. Cars will be generally characteristically similar to drive but will be smaller, less powerful, and/or slower. Competitors will generally be younger emerging

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A penalty applied by race officials while the race is underway, where a competitor is directed to drive into the pit lane and travel its length at low speed (pit lanes are speed-limited to protect the pit crew and marshals), losing significant time in the process. When the driver is serving their

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A mechanically activated element of the rear wing of modern Formula One cars, which can be used at specific areas on the circuit. The wing element rotates from steeply inclined to relatively flat, thus reducing the amount of drag generated by the rear wing and increasing top speed. DRS also makes

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In dirt racing, when dirt is kicked up and lands near the edges of the track after cars drift through the corners. The dirt builds up after time and can slow a driver down if they slide too deep into it while drifting through the turn. In dirt oval racing, when dirt is kicked towards the wall, it

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whilst observing water conditions, and extract as much speed out of the boat by controlling the hand throttle during a race whilst it hops over tides. The latter prevents the propellers from spinning wildly whilst the boat is airborne, causing the engine to overrev and possibly leading to engine

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A collision in which the front of a car crashes into the side of another car, forming a "T" shape. This is one of the more dangerous types of crash due to the relative vulnerability of side impacts where there is much less deformable structure on the side of a car to protect the driver. Also, to

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When the starting order of a race is reversed, so that the driver in pole position starts last. Occasionally reverse grid is limited to only part of the grid; for example, just the top ten positions may be reversed. Often used to increase the entertainment value of a race, and mainly used when a

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An official appointed by a series organiser who holds ultimate authority over race operations throughout every event of a championship. The race director is the senior official present, and controls the activities of the local clerk of the course and marshals and the other staff appointed by the

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penalty was introduced to motorcycle racing in 2019 and involves a rider taking a detour on a pre-designated route, usually an extended corner. This is intended to increase a rider's lap time as a penalty for an infringement during a race, and is intended as a lighter penalty than a ride-through

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During a safety car period, teams can change tires and refuel within a limited time window (2-5 laps or five minutes) to make adjustments. Depending on the series, teams will either not lose any track position (if it is an interval break) or will not lose their position relative to the cars that

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Race(s) that takes place before or after the main event race. It may also be held during a qualifying day, and is often used to provide a fuller weekend of track activity. It is normally a race from a lower or "ladder" series, is usually shorter in duration, and in some cases might feature some

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A car externally sourced by a racing team, either from another team or from a specialist racing chassis manufacturer. Primarily a Formula One term, where the majority of teams built their own cars; customer cars have since been banned from F1. In some short track late model and modified series,

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When a rally driver retires on any day, except the last, they can continue the next day incurring penalties for the stages they did not drive, including the one they retired on. Currently, in World Rally Championship, a driver will be given the time of the fastest driver of their class, plus a

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A small lip placed at the trailing edge of a race car's wing. Despite its relative size, often only millimetres tall, it can double the downforce achieved by the wing, although at the premium of increasing drag, hence the small size. Named for the man commonly attributed to its proliferation,

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pitted during the caution (for example, if the third-, fourth-, and eighth-place cars pit during the caution, they will be the first-, second-, and third-place cars exiting the pit lane, and will start behind lead-lap cars that did not pit, in the same relative order as before the safety car).

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used in some countries to indicate to a driver that there is a defect with their car that carries a safety risk to them or to another driver. Most usually applied to trailing smoke or loose bodywork. The flag is black with a large orange dot in the centre of the flag, looking vaguely like a

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Any lap which concludes with a visit to the pits, especially a pre-arranged pit stop, either during a race or during practice or qualifying. Often drivers push hard to drive fast on their in-lap (despite perhaps having worn out tires) in order to gain time lost during the pit stop. See also

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When a race is started again after a caution or other condition that stopped the race. In the case of a restart from a caution period on an oval track and most road courses, this is accomplished by the safety car pulling off the track, the green flag/light being displayed, and cars simply

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Fastest race lap recorded at a circuit for a category of race car. The circumstances allowed vary significantly, but practice laps are generally not considered official records. Laps recorded in qualifying may or may not contribute but are sometimes referred together with practice laps as

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oval racing, when a car overtakes another car on the inside of a corner and deliberately oversteers in front of the vehicle being passed in an attempt to slow their momentum. The vehicle being passed often attempts to pass back by steering low coming out of the corner down the following

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In drag racing, when the engine is putting out more horsepower than the drive axle can handle, causing the rear tires to shake violently. This results in a loss of speed and sometimes steering, and occasionally leads to on track accidents. Sometimes referred to in other disciplines as

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A shorter preliminary race which decides the participants of the main race, and sometimes starting order as well. Usually, there are more heats in which only a segment of drivers from the entry list take part. Can also refer to a part of the main race, when it consists of two or more

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A timed special stage in a rally on a purpose-built track, often in a stadium. Usually, two cars will set off at the same time in separate lanes, and at the halfway point of the stage they will swap lanes, usually via a crossover involving a bridge. A similar format is used in the

1792:. Depending on the track and/or racing series, a green track may be favorable or unfavorable. Track crews may use jet blowers to remove marbles and debris from the surface and mimic favorable green track conditions. However, a green track may be unfavorable due to reduced traction. 4207:

The practice of one driver letting another from the same team or manufacturer gain a higher finish at the direction of the team management. Often employed to prevent the risk of an accident resulting in damage to both of a team's cars. The practice was briefly forbidden in

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or other racing series, it is a rule where the driver must qualify the car within 107% of the polesitter's time to be allowed to compete. Variations of this may be used to monitor drivers and warn them to reach the required pace or be parked (disqualified). Similarly, the

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usually positioned on the outside of corners and filled with gravel, intended to slow down and stop cars that have left the track at speed. Generally, there are tyre barriers between a gravel trap and the catch fencing, in order to protect spectators. Sometimes nicknamed

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A system in which engine power is increased for short periods to create a short burst of extra speed. This can be done by increasing the boost pressure in a turbocharged car, increasing the maximum rpm, or using a separate (i.e. hybrid) system to provide power. Also see

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or another sanctioning body or circuit to any driver who drives over a specified distance at a minimum speed of 200 miles per hour (320 km/h), while also breaking a record. Membership can stretch over from the more exclusive 300 to the elite 400. Also known as the

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A driver who did not finish the race. Some sanctioning bodies do not classify a driver in the final results if they did not complete a certain number of laps; for example, in Formula One, a driver must complete 90% of the winner's completed laps to be classified as a

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A strategic choice to pit and service both of a team's vehicles on the same lap, one immediately after the other. The term is most commonly used in Formula One, but applies to any series where teams operate more than one vehicle and have a single pit box and team of

4530:, used to limit the additional horsepower it produces. It consists chiefly of a valve that is opened when sufficient turbocharger pressure is reached, preventing further boost pressure from accumulating and protecting the engine and turbocharger system from damage. 1059:

In drag racing, when a dragster pulls so far forward that they leave the pre-stage area and turn off the pre-stage lights on the Christmas tree, but not far enough to leave the staged area. This may give the driver a few inches of advantage, and is legal in drag

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A car used by a driver if they have damaged their main car. It may or may not have the same setup as the primary car. Now banned in Formula One for cost-cutting reasons, though teams in many other major racing series have a spare car available at the track. At

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A metal plate, most commonly titanium, fixed to the bottom of flat-bottomed racing cars to protect the undertray from damage from the ground. Less common today, as racing cars are usually mandated to have a ground clearance that decreases the risk of bottoming

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A preliminary qualifying session held prior to a regular qualifying session in order to reduce the number of competitors taking part in the regular session, usually for safety reasons. An example of pre-qualifying is in Formula One in the late 1980s and early

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Ceremonial marshalling role at a race meeting. Largely held by celebrities or retired notable drivers, with no actual duties or responsibilities beyond the waving of a flag to commence activity or to announce the traditional "start your engines" prior to some

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the early stages of silly season. In some rare cases, teams may actually implement the planned changes during silly season rather than wait until the start of the new season. Such a move may give them a head start on the upcoming season, or may alleviate "

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A preplanned full-course yellow, mandated by the sanctioning body, where drivers bring their vehicles into the pits. Frequently done to change tires because of excessive tire wear, or to prevent teams from having to hire specialised pit crews (see

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A selection procedure in which the ten or 15 fastest qualifiers compete for grid positions in a single-lap effort without other vehicles on the track. While not specifically referenced, most NASCAR races will use this style of qualifying for all

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of five, for example, the fifth-fastest qualifier starts first and the fastest qualifier starts fifth. The rest of the field starts by their qualifying speed (sixth-fastest starts sixth). The invert is often not announced before qualifying, or a

4973: 718:, a driver who regularly races in the first-tier NASCAR Cup Series, but makes guest or semi-regular appearances racing in the second-tier NASCAR Xfinity Series. The term was named originally for the then-sponsor of the second-tier series, the 4127:) A passenger on a racing motorcycle sidecar who athletically moves from one side of the sidecar to the other, altering a sidecar's weight distribution to assist in cornering speed and in some corners to prevent the sidecar from tipping over. 3016:

An area which cars enter after they have qualified for the race, where they are not allowed to be worked upon by mechanics unless under strict supervision by the stewards. Some motorsports series other than Formula One refer to this as the

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An aerodynamic device attached to the trailing edge of a race car to increase its rear downforce. The difference between a spoiler and a wing is that air passes both over and under the aerodynamic surface of a wing, but only passes over a

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A second racing team either operated by or in partnership with a larger team, but maintaining a separate identity. The team may share vehicles and technology with the main operation, or may develop the careers of upcoming drivers, such as

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In drag racing, a radiator overflow tank. Sometimes, used beer cans are used as puke cans, although these types of modifications are sometimes considered illegal. A standard puke can is usually made of plastic and attached close to the

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A structure of metal bars installed into the interior of a production-based racing car. Originally created as a safety device, in more recent times it has also been used to substantially increase the torsional rigidity of a race car's

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In bracket racing, drivers must estimate or "dial in" the time in which they expect to run, allowing two unmatched cars in weight and power to compete via a handicap system. If one runs a faster time than is dialed in, it is called a

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A mostly European term used by people at the pit wall to tell a driver to perform a pit stop. In NASCAR, it is rarely mentioned outside of earning a penalty for conducting work on the car while not within the bounds of the team's pit

5609: 3567:, in which the driver can change gears manually without having to manually activate the clutch. On open-wheel race cars and sports prototypes, it is usually activated by paddles immediately behind the steering wheel, although 3063:

A board that is held up from the pit wall to the side of the finishing straight when a driver goes past, to confirm their position in the race and the number of laps remaining. Before the introduction of radio communication,

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A style of restart where the race leader starts in the first row by themselves and the other drivers start two-wide. The leader can choose which lane they want for the restart, which can offer a clear advantage over second

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The process by which a new vehicle or part of a vehicle is approved by organizers for usage in racing. It also refers to the majority of the world's road racing sanctioning bodies having a racing class following the FIA's

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In motorcycle, off-road, and powerboat racing, the driver or rider who is first through the first turn at the start of a race, following a standing start. In drag racing, getting a starting line advantage due to a quicker

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An engine that is ready-built and sealed by an independent company. Crate motors are sometimes mandated and sometimes optional. They are commonly used in regional touring series down to local tracks, and in divisions from

2035:. The other driver gets "holeshotted", "welded to the line", or "left at the tree." A "holeshot win" is any win in a heads-up class where a car wins because of better reaction time, despite having a slower elapsed time. 3662:

An aerodynamic device, positioned on either side of an open-wheel racing car or modern sports prototype, to improve airflow between the front and rear wheels, and to usually also feed air to a radiator housed inside

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A type of qualifying most common in oval racing, where drivers are assigned a number from 1 to 100. Subsequent races are lined up with the lowest pill-drawer of the field in the front and the highest at the

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series, the joker lap is usually a bit shorter than a lap on the original track. The joker lap was thought up as a tactical component by Svend Hansen, the father of 14-times FIA European Rallycross champion

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series will have a maximum of three attempts if only the penultimate lap is under caution, while some short track races have unlimited attempts at a span between one and five consecutive green-flag laps. In

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To be ordered to the pits or penalty box, due to a violation of the rules or an unsafe car (loose parts, smoking, leaking fluid, etc.). A black flag is shown to the car that has to stop. Also known as being

3242:. In drag racing, it refers to the time it takes for a driver to leave the starting line after the green light. This time can mean the difference between a win and loss, especially in closely matched races. 1613:

A fuel tank with a flexible inner liner to minimize the potential for punctures in the event of a collision or other mishap resulting in serious damage to the vehicle. Mandatory in most forms of motorsport.

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The angle at which a track inclines towards the outside of a corner (or from the lower to the higher side of a straight). Also referred to as camber (see below), more commonly when modest or negative (i.e.

5417: 889:, and decide upon suspending a session. If a race director is appointed, the clerk is junior and the race director has ultimate authority; if not, they are often the most senior official at a racing event. 3744:

A tyre with no tread pattern, maximising the amount of rubber in contact with the racing surface. A specialist motor racing application, as in wet weather conditions these tyres have little resistance to

2210:(see below). Sometimes an intermediate is a slick tyre with grooves cut into it. It is used for conditions between fully dry and fully wet, most often when the track is wet but it is not actually raining. 2905:

Fastest lap recorded at a circuit of any category of race car. Most often, this does not include qualifying and practice laps, but confusingly, some sources occasionally include laps not recorded during

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In drag racing, a vehicle with a single-piece body on the chassis, which is lifted off or rear-hinged to allow the driver access to the cabin, or a race class for such cars. May also be referred to as a

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The first grid position, placed closest to the starting line (in Formula One), nearest the inside of the first turn, or both. Usually reserved for the competitor who has recorded the fastest lap during

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to the N, M, L, K, J, I, H, G, F, E, D, C, B, and finally A main. A driver who runs through the alphabet soup is a driver who has advanced from the lowest feature of the day and advanced to the A main.

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In drag racing, when a car's engine or lubrication system breaks during a run, leaving a streak of oil and/or other fluids on the track. This is punishable by fines, point penalties, and/or suspension.

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A sign on a stick used in pit stops, which is held in front of the car and raised when the pit stop is completed. Though the same basic device is utilized in NASCAR and IndyCar, generic terms such as

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A verb commonly used in sprint car and midget car racing to describe the action of one car hitting another car with their right-rear tire, an action that often ends in disaster for the car being hit.

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In a practice lap, to rev the engine as far as possible without changing gears, to allow engine management systems to take lambda readings of the fuel to air ratio across a smooth engine speed range.

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causes the rear tires to smoke profusely. This usually happens off the starting line. When this happens during a race, it usually results in a loss, unless the opponent also loses traction as well.

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A dragster (as distinct from a bodied car). The term is derived from the exposed frame rails of early cars, and as such usually refers to early short-wheelbase cars. May also be referred to as a

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or a stalk connected to the steering column. When activated, the gearbox automatically disengages the clutch, changes gears, and re-engages the clutch without any further input from the driver.

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A helicopter turbine engine or small airplane jet engine mounted on a pickup truck or trailer. The exhaust from the engine is used to blow debris or evaporate moisture from the racing surface.

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The placement of a large fan at the rear of the chassis driven either independently or by the engine with the purpose of creating negative air-pressure underneath the car to create additional

6099: 3393:, the car lands on the roll hoop rather than the driver's helmet. It may also serve as a convenient attachment point for cranes removing stopped cars from dangerous positions on the circuit. 446:

Alternative term for motorsport, largely American, although referring specifically to circuit and oval racing for cars, and excluding sports such as motorcycle racing, rallying and drifting.

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Excessive fuel entering ("flooding") one or more cylinders due to abnormal operating conditions. Being liquid, the fuel cannot be compressed, causing damage to the motor and possibly

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To wreck an engine so violently that internal parts of the engine break through the block and/or bolted-on parts (cylinder heads, oil pan, etc.), blowing up the engine. Distinct from

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In drag racing, if both drivers commit a foul, the driver who commits a foul first loses (unless it is two separate fouls, where the loser is the driver who committed the worse foul).

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vehicle is not located near the nose of the vehicle, so stewards often use video replays to detect where the nose (of a car) or wheel (of a motorcycle) crosses the finish line first.

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is a usually derogatory term for an engine tuned to maximise engine power at the cost of low mechanical reliability, or an engine design that is known for failing on a regular basis.

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have a limit on how long a race can be run (usually two hours), which means that a race may be ended after the time limit expires but before the predetermined number of laps is run.

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Tires which have been used to a limited extent, but are not completely worn out. Scuffs may be put on a car during a pit stop to improve handling. At times, brand new tires may be

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A person responsible for signaling track conditions to drivers (through use of flags), extinguishing fires, removing damaged cars from the track, and sometimes providing emergency

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within the post and the main decision-maker at the event of an incident, who relays information to race control. Can be seen standing in the marshal post. Second to chief marshal.

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powertrain systems used in Formula One since 2014, that recovers energy from the brakes and heat and stores it in batteries, which is then used to boost power. It combines both a

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In drag racing, beating an opponent in a heads-up drag race with a visible distance between the two competitors. Outside of drag racing, the distance in time between two drivers.

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An engine that is supercharged (i.e. a blown engine). Alternatively, an engine that has suffered catastrophic failure, is no longer running, or has sustained irreparable damage.

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In drag racing, timing lights which flash in sequence five tenths of a second between each yellow light before turning green. Traditional form, before introduction of pro tree.

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A failure to qualify or pre-qualify for a race, most often because the driver was too slow to make it into a limited number of grid positions, or was slower than the 107% rule.

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A technique used to reduce understeer. This involves the driver decelerating through a corner to shift the weight of the car from the back to the front, increasing front grip.

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A kerb with angled kerbstones that transmit vibration through any car that passes over, allowing drivers to feel the kerb and discouraging competitors from cutting corners.

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When two vehicles from the same team finish first and second in a race. Can be extended to 1–2–3 or 1–2–3–4, etc. depending on a combination of racing series and team size.

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motorcycle racing, if a caution is called in the final third of the race, three additional laps will be added on the ensuing restart in a green-white-checker style finish.

4489:, because of early motorsport's roots at horse racing tracks, the American term for the place where the winner of a race goes to celebrate victory after winning an event. 4216:

controversy. U.S.-based series (NASCAR, IndyCar, etc.) have rarely used team orders, and the practice is widely frowned upon due to sportsmanship issues and fan backlash.

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A vertical spoiler piece attached across the back of the rear wing that pushes air down, increasing drag and creating a larger slipstream for the car behind. Used in the

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The entire time it generally takes a driver to enter the pit lane, make a full pit stop, and exit the pit area to resume racing at optimum pace. Also referred to as the

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An area at the very end of a drag strip to slow down and stop vehicles that have gone off the track, as a safety measure. It is filled with, as the name implies, sand.

6859: 6186: 5237: 1414:

In drag racing, a slip of paper turned in by the race timer which denotes elapsed time for both drivers, and who won the race; it may also include reaction time and

4395:

In drifting, a Japanese term for tandem passes, where two cars are paired against each other over two passes within a heat, with each driver taking a turn to lead.

2871:

Racing equipment that must be identical for all competitors, usually to cut down on costs or for business purposes by car manufacturers. Known in North America as

2259:

When a driver's reaction time is .007 seconds. A James Bond red is -.007 seconds (a red light foul), resulting in a loss unless the opponent commits a worse foul.

5941: 5425: 1963:

the performance of the race vehicle. Another form of handicapping is success ballast, where more successful cars are assessed a weight penalty for every win, and

4325:: the 'hardness' of the tires relative to others available. Different tire compounds may provide greater durability at a cost to outright speed, and vice versa. 3523:

A qualified official who examines vehicles prior to a race for compliance with the rules of competition, usually in a scrutineering bay adjacent to the pit lane.

3358:

In NASCAR, a driver who generally competes only on road courses as a substitute for a team's primary driver. Such drivers are no longer used by top teams in the

1316:

is a cornering technique where a car takes a high-speed corner held at an angle without major steering inputs, balancing natural understeer with power oversteer.

705:

The act of spinning the driven wheels in place to heat the tires up for better traction. It is also used in stock car racing, typically to celebrate a race win.

420:

denotes the various preliminary races drivers will race through to advance to the feature event. Such is named for the heat race format, from the O main at the

2691:

A tag given to the mid-south of England by the Motorsport Industry Association, where a high concentration of activities within the motorsport industry occur.

6642: 3626:

A technique used, primarily in motorsport, to regain control of a car through a high speed corner. Involves the driver shifting up a gear earlier than usual.

2705:. Named for their size (around 500 cubic inches (8.2 L), the limit in some sanctioning bodies), and for sometimes being constructed in the mountains of 1858:

The optimal path around the track for the lowest lap time. In drag racing, it refers to the center portion of the lane, where cars can gain traction quicker.

2620:. Some racing series use this flag to indicate the car being flagged is no longer being scored, due to ignoring orders to pit because of a rules infraction. 1876:

using the shape of a car's body, notably by shaping the underbody to speed up airflow between it and the ground and effectively turn the entire car into an

5759: 2398: 2078:

A series of practice laps, common on oval tracks, before heat races. Used to help drivers with their cars and improve the track's condition before racing.

786:, welded grid fencing, and/or cables used to slow or stop out-of-control cars and prevent debris from hitting the crowd. They are common on short tracks, 6142: 4665:, except that in motor racing applications, the wing is inverted to create downforce instead of lift, pressing the car onto the road surface to increase 321:

has a 115% rule, mainly for performance on track, though IndyCar and NASCAR often adjust the threshold for tracks with very abrasive surfaces (such as

4600:

In drag racing, struts fixed to the rear of the car which protrude rearward to prevent a car's front from raising too high or flipping over on launch.

4222:

A management position within many series responsible for overall management of the team, including its drivers, production, strategy, and operations.

2930:

Cornering behaviour where the rear wheels do not track behind the front wheels, but instead move out toward the outside of the turn. The opposite of

6289: 3585:

A qualifying race before the main event, where non-qualified cars compete for a predetermined number of spots in the main event. Some races have a

3515:

in which the rider transfer their weight to the bike sideways at the face of the jump for a lower trajectory which decreases time spent in the air.

3498:, or external shield surrounding a bell housing, designed to contain metal fragments in the event of clutch, flywheel, and/or transmission failure. 2172:

A competitor (team or driver) taking part with very little backing from a manufacturer or none at all. They have their own championship within the

2637: 2519:

a piece of bodywork of a racing car which is required by the technical regulations that does not have a function essential to the car's function.

1551:, "packaged" coverage, or highlights of the first portion of the race before broadcasting the final portion of the race live. Derives from green 858: 6372: 3461:

A car that limits the speed of competing cars on a racetrack in the case of an accident or caution periods caused by obstruction/s on the track.

2336:

A device which recovers energy when brakes are applied and stores it until required to add power. In 2008 KERS systems started to appear in the

1175:

when it moves at speed, which can cause aerodynamic difficulties for a car following closely behind, such as reduced downforce. The opposite of

6960: 6798: 6294: 3029:

A driver who pays for their race seat rather than receiving a salary from the team. Generally has a negative connotation. Sometimes known as a

4930: 3389:

A looped bar protruding above and behind the driver's helmet in open-wheel and prototype sports racing cars, placed so that in the event of a

6586: 5520: 4542:

A racing tyre with deep grooves designed to displace standing water, allowing the tyre to obtain grip in conditions where dry weather tyres (

4106: 4053:

A method used to level performance between competitors by adding weight to cars that win races or are successful. Sometimes referred to as a

41: 1014:. Often, curbs are harder and more treacherous to run across than the softer cushions, and can easily flip improperly approaching cars over. 6692: 6107: 4422:

Cornering behaviour where the front wheels do not follow the steered course, but instead push out toward the outside of the turn. Known as

4228:

Thin plastic sheets layered over a driver's visor or windshield for visibility. Drivers (or pit crews) tear one off after it becomes dirty.

3136:

Where a category races multiple times at a meeting, the starting order for the grid is decided by the finishing order of the previous race.

88: 4256:, the boat's second occupant who works alongside the driver, whose role is to steer the boat. The throttleman's position is to adjust the 1185:

A shallow-angle turn or kink on a racing circuit, usually associated with road courses, but also present on oval tracks (an example being

5112: 4364:

An electronic system that regulates power supplied to the driven wheels to prevent wheelspin. It is banned in many forms of motor racing.

60: 5157: 4796: 594:

is deposited for cars to perform burnouts at the start of most drag races. Gasoline (since discontinued for safety reasons), water, and

507:

A slower car, usually in the process of being lapped by the leaders. It is also used to describe teams that consistently perform poorly.

3638:

In drag racing, the 440-yard (400 m) stretch from the finish line to the sand trap, where cars decelerate and exit the drag strip.

3362:

due to competition changes in the 21st century, but are still frequently used by lower-tier Cup teams and teams in other NASCAR series.

995: 1141:

A driver who attended but did not attempt to compete in a race, even though they may have competed in practice sessions or qualifying.

7064: 7059: 5550: 4449:

car, usually mandated by series organisers in an attempt to limit vehicle performance. Also refers to flat surfaces extending behind

881:

The official responsible for all on-track activities, including demonstrations and parades. They oversee track conditions, supervise

6637: 5022: 3709:

In truck and tractor pulling, an implement pulled behind the machine whose friction with the ground must be overcome by the machine.

398:

strategically mounted to the frame near the wheels of a racing car, which project downwards to lift the car off the ground during a

67: 7034: 6556: 2423:

Fuel to air ratio readings, used to determine how much fuel is pushed through the fuel injectors into the cylinders for combustion.

847:

The cone (or painted chevron) at which drivers have to pick if they want to take inside or outside in oval racing during a restart.

6615: 6965: 6816: 4742: 4346:

The part of an engine's power curve at higher engine speeds; in drag racing, the end of the drag strip where the finish line is.

2131:, used at certain tracks where teams are not allowed to work on cars between qualifying and the beginning of the race. See also 6839: 5638: 3993:

In stock car racing, the difference in circumference between the left and right tires, used to improve handling on oval tracks.

3142:

In drag racing, timing lights which flash all three yellow lights simultaneously, and turn green after four tenths of a second.

334: 5814: 4022:

The adjudicator or referee at a race meeting who interprets incidents and decides whether penalties or fines should be issued.

2354:

In drag racing, refers to a turbo kit or a nitrous kit. Using nitrous oxide in professional drag racing categories is illegal.

1948:

A driver crash protection structure used in open-wheel racing series, which consists of a curved bar around the driver's head.

74: 6849: 6761: 6457: 6047: 5860: 5095: 855:

The series of lights in drag racing that signal the approach and start of a race, in addition to showing starting violations.

5687: 5377: 4376:

In drag racing, speed as measured by the speed trap near the finish line, indicative of the maximum speed reached on a pass.

3929: 3920:

to improve airflow around the nose of the car, and sometimes create front downforce to aid in steering. It is prominent on

2916:, but usable there when fresh tyres are not at the best operating temperature and take time to warm up. The opposite of an 2285:

events, each vehicle must run a lap with a detour once during each single race. In events overseen by the FIA, such as the

1254:

effect. Downforce allows a vehicle to travel faster through corners at the cost of a reduced top speed on straights due to

6190: 6164: 5789: 6886: 6829: 4831: 3861:

A closed-off section of road or track, used for timed runs in rallying. A rally is made up of a number of special stages.

991: 727: 699:

A move with origins in stock car racing, where a trailing car intentionally bumps the car in front in an attempt to pass.

56: 6771: 4514:

is the nickname of the trophy that is earned by the winner of an event. The nickname refers to the founder of the NHRA,

1521:

A driver or team usually slower than the majority of the field that only participates if there are open spots. See also

6791: 5902: 5259: 4114: 1985:

A safety item compulsory in many auto racing series. It reduces the likelihood of head and/or neck injuries, such as a

1795: 1599:

A type of racing, generally open-wheeled, where the conditions of technical entry comply with strict rules or formulae.

1509:

Fastest time in which a lap was completed by a driver during a race. Sometimes rewarded with bonus championship points.

687:

below). Grounds for disqualification if opponent does not commit a foul start or cross boundary lines. Also known as a

6736: 5489: 4848: 3713: 6977: 6913: 6714: 5734: 5493: 4889: 2589:

Pieces of rubber from tires that accumulate on the racing surface outside of the racing line, that are slippery like

2286: 2162:

A marshal who is in charge of other marshals on the track, allocating duties to them. Second in rank to observer. In

2116: 1428:

Removed from competition before the race has started, generally due to an infringement during practice or qualifying.

107: 6322: 4643:

technique in which the rider pitches their bike sideways and repositions themselves for the landing whilst airborne.

4497:

A lap, after the conclusion of the race, where the winning racer drives at reduced speed to celebrate their victory.

4370:

In drag racing, the 20-metre (66 ft) timing lights at the top end of the drag strip to measure speed & E.T.

3431:

An area off the track put aside for vehicles to leave the track without causing an accident in case of an emergency.

3249:

series. When appointed, they hold the responsibility of deploying the safety car and starting and stopping sessions.

835:

An artificial corner or set of corners added to the natural course of a track to slow cars or create a passing zone.

6984: 6901: 5576: 5994: 4105:

A large-radius medium- or high-speed corner on a circuit. Examples of sweepers include the Rabbit's Ear corner at

1573:

A lap, usually in qualifying, started by a competitor at optimum speed, as opposed to a lap from a standing start.

986:

on down. Crate motors are implemented to limit costs and ensure that the entire field has the same equipment. The

7138: 6128:

The bellhousing scattershield's invention is credited to Vic King and Pete Wolley for their X/Gas digger in 1959.

6075: 4879: 4028:

Brand new tires put on a race car. Nicknamed "sticker tires" because the manufacturer's labels are still visible.

1465:

A racing team or driver that competes with official sanction and financial support from a manufacturer. See also

911:, a co-driver directs the driver through the course by reading navigational instructions from the road book, and 5763: 4687:

A motor racing team supported by a vehicle manufacturer, usually run in-house at the manufacturer's premises. A

4444:

racing cars. Theory has varied along with aerodynamic developments and regulations, from the sidepod tunnels of

2899:

The first lap to be completed after exiting the pit lane, either during a race or during practice or qualifying.

1193:

is also referred to as a "double dogleg". Some tracks classify the dogleg as a numbered turn while others do not

1004:

Two curled up flags held out in the form of a cross that signal the halfway mark in many American racing series.

7044: 6989: 6355: 4379: 4173: 2631: 2448:

is the fastest race lap ever recorded at any particular circuit, regardless of category of vehicle being raced.

2225: 2173: 2056:

In drag racing, good traction between the tires and the track, resulting in increased acceleration and reduced

1974: 1802: 1439: 559: 45: 4996: 4287:

A competition which involves cars running around the circuit one at a time in pursuit of the fastest lap time.

3871:

maneuver which a driver may perform to turn themselves around in a tight space without using the reverse gear.

3004:

A lap before a motorsport race begins, where the drivers go around the track at a slow speed, also known as a

1353:

A meeting where drivers and officials meet before a race to discuss the upcoming event. Also referred to as a

7143: 7117: 7049: 6784: 4298: 3968: 2662:

drops back a row during a pace lap (leaving the front row empty) to salute a deceased motorsport personality.

976: 928: 5047: 2804:

A driver who was racing at the end of the race, but did not complete the required distance to be classified.

2293:

must be at least two seconds slower; therefore, the alternative route makes the lap longer. In the American

1010:

A dirt oval cushion (see below) that has formed into a harder dirt ledge with a similar shape to a sidewalk

7004: 6999: 6955: 6923: 6866: 3531: 3294:

A driver who fills in for another driver in case of injury, or during a race because of exhaustion or pain.

2783: 2755: 1844:

of a race car by the friction component of the tire, the mass of the machine and the downforce generated.:

5289: 4236:

A device used by sanctioning body officials to check the shape and dimensions of parts of racing vehicles.

81: 7104: 6950: 6432: 6377: 5184: 5142: 3554: 2854: 2299: 6299: 6262: 4293:

Instead of running a predetermined number of laps, a race runs for a predetermined amount of time (i.e.

7054: 6908: 6896: 6854: 3892: 2643: 694: 4582:

A wheel cover designed to distribute airflow to the brakes, assisting with cooling. Saw common use in

4558:

In drag racing, when a car violently shakes as the tires lose and regain traction in quick succession.

3949:

A person, positioned high above the circuit, who communicates what happens on the track to the driver.

1161:(a drag car with a doorless single-piece body) or other bodied dragster. May also be referred to as a 827:

In off-road racing, a non-competitive vehicle that follows a competing vehicle to assist with repairs.

7014: 7009: 6918: 6834: 6382: 5207: 4253: 3162:

A makeshift puke can. Though some form of puke can is mandatory, this type is illegal at some tracks.

2040: 1830:

The starting formation of a race, generally in rows of two for cars and three or four for bikes. The

1101:

Denotes a driver who was entered for a race but did not attend the circuit. Sometimes referred to as

3068:

were also used to instruct drivers to pit for fuel and/or tires, or to comply with rules violations.

402:

to allow for quick tire changes or provide mechanics access to the underside of the car for repairs.

7084: 7079: 7039: 5785: 5580: 4938: 4213: 3856: 3448: 3409:

An active aerodynamic element designed to keep a car on the ground when it is traveling in reverse.

2719:

A humorous term or phrase originally uttered during a broadcast, by and named in honour of veteran

2337: 2085: 1309: 954:

Where series organisers specify that all competitors in the race must use an identical part; as in

545: 5528: 4326: 2984:

An enclosure at a track used by team support personnel and vehicles, and other officials and VIPs.

805:

to capture liquids, like water and oil, that would otherwise drop onto the track. Also known as a

7029: 6881: 6871: 6844: 6504: 6235: 4359: 3782: 3769:, named for the driving position behind the rear wheels (erroneously attributed to launch speed). 3423:

In off-road racing, the act of accelerating quickly in a corner to kick up dirt, dust, and rocks.

3225:

In drag racing, the quickest eight cars in a defined race. Rules can differ per location or race.

3130:

A competitor not directly supported by a sponsor or manufacturer, being privately funded instead.

3090:

Where the team owners and managers sit to observe the race, opposite the garages in the pit lane.

2429:

A non-competitive lap taken before or after the race by a driver in celebration. Also known as a

1749: 1435: 1261: 563: 34: 5465: 3684:

The process of cutting fine grooves into a tire to improve traction and thermal characteristics.

3589:

where the top finishers qualify for the B-main. At those events, the main event is known as the

2102:

it. Most common in drag racing. May also happen if a motor ingests water through the air intake.

373:

Drivers race on the apron at Chicagoland Speedway (the area between the white and yellow lines).

7099: 7069: 7024: 4666: 4408:

Making an earlier pit stop in an attempt to gain time on other competitors. The opposite of an

4199:

term for individual passes where drivers are observed by judges in an attempt for the top spot.

3125: 1986: 1841: 1789: 1605:

When drivers or riders learn the circuit and teams experiment with race settings for the track.

1367:

On a drying circuit, the racing line that becomes dry first as the cars displace water from it.

1190: 322: 5120: 5023:"Stock Eliminator Racers Throw The Kitchen Sink At Epic Heads-Up Final At The U.S. Nationals!" 4267:

In drag racing, to lose the drive belt connecting the engine's crankshaft to the supercharger.

1846: 1041: 6938: 6530: 5263: 3944: 3908: 3766: 2653: 2133: 1303: 1283: 3917: 3285: 1995:

In drag racing, where both drivers leave at the same time; used in all professional classes.

6481: 4552:

When the wheels of two different race cars slightly collide during an overtaking manoeuvre.

3935: 3464: 3040: 1941: 1867: 919:, the co-driver is also permitted to drive the car. The term is also used in long-distance 915:

on special stages which describe the turns and obstacles ahead. Also historically called a

421: 5554: 2414:

drivers, who are climbing an apprenticeship "ladder" towards entry into the senior series.

8: 7074: 6972: 6933: 6928: 6876: 6405: 4968: 4294: 4110: 3485: 3401:

A starting method where moving cars start a race after the starter displays a green flag.

2943: 2773: 2505:

In rallying, a leg is usually each day of the event. A leg can be further broken up into

2485: 1312:

their cars while maintaining vehicle control and a high exit speed. In motor racing, the

876: 369: 360:, the time taken for a vehicle to travel the first 60 feet (18 m) of the drag strip. 6664: 6560: 5668: 4963:"Lewis Hamilton warns that F1 backmarkers could cause 'a disaster' at Monaco Grand Prix" 640:

Flipping of a car or boat, due to excessive air under the chassis or hull, respectively.

7089: 4352:

In drag racing, struts fixed to the driven axle to keep it from twisting, which causes

4312: 4071: 3913: 3868: 3791:

created by the lead car to close the gap between them or overtake. Also referred to as

3568: 3444: 3353: 3110: 2818: 2596: 2314:, when a vehicle moves from its grid slot before the start of a race is signaled. In a 2263: 2194:

A lap which can take place in practice or qualifying, intended simply to gain data and

1693: 1214: 987: 924: 882: 783: 395: 6021: 2527:

The paint and/or decals applied to a vehicle to mark its sponsorship or team identity.

2364:, or for a material applied to the track surface to clean up a fluid leakage or spill. 1608: 1481:, referring to racing teams run directly from the factory of the vehicle manufacturer. 7094: 6945: 6891: 6538: 6351: 5856: 5091: 4885: 4860: 4570: 4231: 4196: 4096: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3756: 3506: 3359: 3313: 3309: 3151: 2461: 2294: 2221: 2217: 2050:

formula. This was done to allow a car to be raced in multiple series with no changes.

2019: 1723: 1446:(MGU-K), and a system recovering heat from the turbocharger, officially known as the 1266:

A technique where multiple vehicles align end to end, reducing the overall effect of

1225:(see below), which have a lightweight single-piece body draped over a racing chassis. 1021:

builds into a short mound that cars will lean on in order to gain speed and momentum.

920: 899:

taken into a corner to block the car behind from overtaking along the preferred line.

759: 413: 409: 5646: 5324: 3959:

A single-car event against the clock. Can be held over a stretch of road similar to

2234:

The portion of the field which becomes ordered by reverse qualifying speed. With an

6994: 5822: 5818: 5793: 3830: 3560: 3440: 3390: 3145: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2457: 2451: 2403: 1831: 1564: 1327:

drive-through penalty, they are not allowed to stop anywhere in the pits. See also

1217:, that still have functional doors for driver access to the vehicle, as opposed to 555: 551: 4905: 438:

An area of asphalt or concrete that separates the racing surface from the infield.

5381: 5374: 4835: 4609: 4474: 3925: 3679: 2671:

Disparaging slang for a competitor noticeably slower than the front-running pace.

1548: 1186: 501:, referring to distance from the 1/8-mile mark to the 1/4-mile mark of the track. 5877: 4661:

An aerodynamic device on many racing cars. The principle is the same as with an

4470: 2758:, one of two sanctioning bodies in drag racing located within the United States. 1682: 6410: 5393: 5162: 4566: 4145: 4010: 4002: 3883: 3730: 3621: 3478: 2876: 2841: 2710: 2310: 2012:- used to describe a dirt-oval trackstate in which the surface is wet and fast. 1637:

When yellow flags are deployed at every flag point around a race circuit and a

1594: 1498: 1460: 1267: 1255: 1172: 1148: 1112: 850: 787: 719: 678: 347: 314: 6100:"Horse Racing Tips & Results - Football Scores & News - Sporting Life" 4828: 4577: 4136: 3673: 2846:

A specific type of racing car whose wheels are not enclosed by bodywork, e.g.

2647: 1337: 869:

Air that has not been affected by turbulence from other cars. The opposite of

427: 7132: 6542: 5967: 5116: 4864: 4797:"IndyCar officials rule no extra boost for Lotus on race day at Indianapolis" 4322: 4078: 3518: 3396: 3347: 3093: 2858: 2724: 2659: 2316: 2032: 1645: 1200: 1085: 625: 595: 432:

The part of a corner where the racing line is nearest the inside of the bend.

390: 5267: 4633:

In drag racing, a severe wheelie where the car is pitched nearly vertically.

3601:

A set of adjustments made to the vehicle in order to optimize its behaviour.

3469:

To gain a competitive advantage by deliberately underperforming at an event.

3011: 754: 6737:"How To Whip It with Kris Keefer - Pro Riding Secret - Dirt Rider Magazine" 6052: 5998: 5642: 5497: 5349: 4604: 4527: 4160: 3960: 3596: 3547:

A section of one complete lap of the circuit, used for timing purposes. In

3495: 3426: 3412: 3350:

on the edge of a track painted in alternating colours, often red and white.

2798:

In drag racing, refers to the use of a nitrous oxide system to boost power.

2697:

A mainly North American term for large-displacement engines, often used in

2623: 2590: 2163: 2091: 1951: 1933: 1819: 1768: 1703: 1689: 1494: 1388: 1251: 1250:

Increased grip created by the aerodynamics of a vehicle via an upside-down

766: 708: 647: 621: 617: 532: 4675:

A suspension control arm with three points, shaped roughly like a chicken

4562: 4329:, there are five available: soft, medium, hard, intermediate, extreme wet. 3158: 620:; in the 1990s, these were generally labelled as "power adders" alongside 6766: 6240: 4594:

When a vehicle's front wheel(s) leave the ground under hard acceleration.

4515: 4492: 4282: 4209: 4202: 3967:. The term may also refer to relatively short races, to distinguish from 3964: 3746: 3564: 3548: 3252: 2948: 2913: 2880: 2866: 2847: 2720: 2702: 2612: 2341: 1980: 1891: 1883: 1762: 1709: 1504: 896: 498: 449: 441: 357: 309: 6582: 6212: 6187:"Backmarker: Breaking Down the "Bubba Scrub" - Motorcycle USA" 2360:

Informal term with two possible meanings. It is either a nickname for a

1620: 1398:

A sequence of alternating turns on a road course, resembling the letter

6776: 5234:"NASCAR may throw competition caution to address tire concerns at Indy" 4761: 4682: 4417: 4124: 3788: 3739: 3647: 3576: 3456: 3039:

In drag racing, working the throttle to avoid wheelspin or as a way to

3024: 2999: 2912:

Delaying a pit stop to gain time on competitors. Rarely seen in modern

2884: 2674: 2282: 2253: 1895: 1782:

A paved race course that is clean from rubber buildup, oil and grease,

1773: 1726:, typically refers to a driver who is not a professional racing driver. 1697: 1271: 983: 886: 303: 123: 5048:"Check out this detailed guide to the Red Bull Ring by Jehan Daruvala" 3642: 3366: 1748:

To qualify on pole, set the fastest lap, win, and lead every lap of a

1203:-powered car using nitrous or propane injection. Commonly used in the 130: 6290:"Dirt Car Setup Tips Real-World Tips From Practice To The Main Event" 5945: 5942:"Funniest ever Murrayisms: A tribute to the marvellous Murray Walker" 5881: 4774: 4640: 4621: 4521: 4302: 4007:

A starting method where the race vehicles are stationary on the grid.

3802: 3575:

are usually equipped with a more conventional centre console-mounted

3512: 3404: 3384: 3375: 2967: 2925: 2706: 2602: 2195: 2057: 2047: 1873: 1713: 1656: 1649: 1628: 1567:

being the first major 500-mile race with live, flag-to-flag coverage.

1490: 1418:. This is an official document used for timekeeping. Also known as a 1383: 1342: 1245: 1153: 912: 902: 6139:"Motocross: How To Do The "Bubba Scrub", With James "Bubba" Stewart" 4884:. illustrated by Troy Paiva. MotorBooks International. p. 242. 4859:(4). Photos by John B. Carnett. Times Mirror Magazines: 88–92, 101. 1956:

A tight, approximately 180-degree corner that twists back on itself.

1497:

Formula One car, although the concept was actually pioneered by the

1408:

In drag racing, the total time a run has taken from start to finish.

1361:, as in some series, the driver(s) and their crew chief must attend. 23: 4806: 4801: 4715: 4613: 4586:, in IndyCar until banned in 1993, and in F1 between 2006 and 2009. 4257: 3881:

which only involves refueling the car, often less than a full tank.

3878: 3572: 3281: 3084:

Stopping in the pit lane for repairs, refuelling, and/or new tires.

3079: 3071: 2973: 2617: 2025: 1905: 1624: 908: 399: 6213:"General Guidelines on Siping & Grooving Hoosier Sprint Tires" 4462: 4151:

crash into another car in such a fashion; the victim is "T-boned".

3076:

A lane, adjacent to the race track, where the garages are located.

2893:

To gain time or position by braking harder and deeper in a corner.

1493:

for increased cornering speed. Usually refers specifically to the

325:) where lap times can be considerably faster with less worn tires. 5439: 5290:"65th season of the United Racing Company is quickly approaching" 4676: 4662: 4589: 4583: 2979: 2793: 2698: 2666: 2465: 1928: 1877: 1484: 830: 802: 738: 735: 661: 6689:"Motocross Skills: How to Whip a motocross bike - Moto Magazine" 4077:

moonlighting drivers from the main event. It is analogous to an

3963:, or may be held over one or more laps of a circuit, similar to 1308:

Drifting is a form of motorsport in which drivers intentionally

535:

controlling the pre-stage and stage lights at the starting line.

6638:"Wind Cheaters - 11 ways F1 teams increase top speed (UPDATED)" 5735:"Cadillac Project GTP Hypercar Looks Like Batman's Le Mans Car" 5605: 4737: 4735: 3921: 3535:

before a race by practicing in them for a lap or two. See also

3308:

category races several times over the course of a meeting. In

3209:

The process of deciding the starting order of a race. See also

2787: 2782:, referring to the first nationwide NHRA drag race held at the 2743: 2522: 2417: 2198:

for the driver or team, rather than setting a competitive time.

715: 591: 318: 6458:"Melbourne track and DRS tweaks could make cars 'quite loose'" 2577: 2373: 1864:

The process of cutting grooves into a tire to adjust traction.

1736:

When small grains of rubber start coming off a tyre. See also

1591:

The lap cars make before forming up on the grid for the start.

6266: 4246:

Refers to when a vehicle is driven to its absolute potential.

1294: 1204: 4732: 3837:(a loose abbreviation of "training"). Also referred to as a 3154:

that does not noticeably resemble a standard production car.

711:/ claim jumper (2008–14) / signal pirate (2015–) / Cup leech 6508: 6025: 4743:"NASCAR – Gordon questions 'field filler' role after shunt" 4058: 3559:

A specialized motorsport application, created initially by

3192: 2733:

An unknown condition caution in the closing laps of a race.

2481: 2330: 2240: 1374:

often set to be very difficult if not impossible to attain.

1053:

Applying the brakes later than normal when entering a turn.

1011: 6265:. Lake Country Antique Tractor Association. Archived from 5669:"Le Mans car fetches record £843,000 at Weybridge auction" 4937:. NASCAR Media Group, LLC. August 17, 2010. Archived from 2748:

Acronym for National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing.

554:

involving up to 30 cars. The term is largely reserved for

6227: 5688:"New McLaren Solus GT – 5.2-litre V10 track car revealed" 1692:

to describe the new wave of British racing cars (such as

1563:(finish). Instituted largely in the late 1970s, with the 994:

have an optional 396 cu in (6.49 L) crate

6397: 5903:"How did the UK become the centre of global motorsport?" 1977:

to slow cars down and improve passing on superspeedways.

525:

In drag racing, a perfect reaction time of .000 seconds.

6323:"Top Drivers Weigh in on the Ethics of the 'Slide Job'" 4953: 4789: 4770:"Jeff Gordon says NASCAR should rethink minimum speeds" 4061:

bars is most popular in applying the additional weight.

3115:

A victory lap run by a winner in the reverse direction.

681:, a run quicker than the projected "dial-in" time (see 5568: 5158:"On Dirt Roads of Mexico, Racers' Toughness Is Tested" 4426:

in NASCAR and other stock car racing. The opposite of

1834:

traditionally has a unique grid of three cars per row.

1788:, and debris, typically cleansed by means of a recent 1641:(see below) leads the field until a hazard is cleared. 1028:

customer cars are standard, while the opposite is the

885:

and emergency services, control the deployment of the

5878:"Britain's Motorsport Valley – the home of Formula 1" 5551:"Valvoline Raceway - Ultimate Sprintcar Championship" 5440:"Understanding Grip - Driver's Uni Video Tutorial #4" 4608:

The wheelie bar (foreground) and parachute (gray) on

3801:

A term used mostly in drag racing, referring to when

3103:. A competitor who starts a race there is said to be 2344:

followed soon after; its application is limited to a

2166:

events, they are responsible for radio communication.

1399: 1032:, which is the works cars built by a chassis builder. 5815:"Jason Sides Wins Back to Back in an Emotional Week" 4166:

front of the car. This is more often referred to as

3632:

A collision, usually involving side-to-side contact.

2879:' spec engine, or the entire car can be spec, as in 2630:

deemed poorly designed, it can be referred to as a "

598:

are also used; most organisations only permit water.

3912:, an aerodynamic device placed on the nose of some 3787:When a car following close behind another uses the 1213:A drag racing term used to group vehicles, usually 48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6020:Reid, Caroline; Sylt, Christian (5 January 2011). 5577:"Speedway is 'inverting' to multiply fun for fans" 4961: 3979:High-powered racing cars generally raced on short 3726:giving the track surface a noticeably black shade. 2456:A phrase used by the general public to describe a 1543:Television or radio coverage that consists of the 6549: 5712:"Toyota reveals new Le Mans car as Peugeot quits" 4877: 4311:Road car-derived vehicles with a roof, mainly in 931:), where multiple drivers share the same vehicle. 7130: 6608:"Race Engine Technology: Formula One Technology" 6048:"'My Polish Victory lap,' in honour of Kulwicki" 3650:Formula 1 car with the right sidepod highlighted 3257:The fastest, most optimal path around a circuit. 2176:, where there is a strong manufacturer presence. 1911:usually acquiries a time penalty. Also known as 4881:Ultimate Hot Rod Dictionary: A-Bombs to Zoomies 4186: 6505:"Tear-offs add new layer to windshield safety" 6179: 5989: 5987: 5853:The Official ITV Sport Formula One Annual 2008 5760:"MotoGP reveals details of 'Long Lap Penalty'" 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5088:The Official ITV Sport Formula One Annual 2008 4436:Flat or stepped flat surface on the bottom of 4386: 4180: 2464:or its predecessors and successors (including 6792: 6537:. Vol. 172, no. 7. pp. 50–53. 5927:According to IHRA Executive VP Ted Jones, in 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5482: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 1700:) challenging his team with a smaller budget. 1547:race start-to-finish rather than highlights, 127:, along with explanations of their meanings. 6681: 2484:), regardless of whether it is competing at 6707: 6236:"Slicing For Speed - Circle Track Magazine" 6073: 5984: 5704: 5624: 5260:"The ASA Late Model Series Road to Success" 4829:http://www.bonneville200mph.org/bylaws.html 3717:Late model stock cars on a slick dirt track 3551:, each circuit is split into three sectors. 2976:, notes that describe the course in detail. 6799: 6785: 6157: 5837: 5205: 5064: 4846: 4691:is a driver who drives for the works team. 4113:, and the 200R corner and Dunlop Curve at 4088:five-minute-penalty for each missed stage. 6729: 6482:"Q&A with Spyker's Christijan Albers" 6233: 5685: 4034:A part of the race between two pit stops. 1088:resisting exhaust flow through the turbo. 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 6806: 6474: 6019: 5875: 5110: 4849:"Bonneville Salt Flats: Quest for Speed" 4603: 4561: 4469: 4461: 4135: 3882: 3729: 3712: 3641: 3439: 3365: 3157: 2942: 2875:, specific parts can be spec, as in the 2853: 2576: 2397: 2372: 2262: 1927: 1845: 1644: 1382: 1336: 1293: 1040: 753: 368: 6635: 6528: 5850: 5518: 5206:Blackstock, Elizabeth (8 August 2020). 5085: 4997:"Every 1990s F1 backmarker team ranked" 944: 734:references current second-tier sponsor 726:was a reference to second-tier sponsor 333:A lifetime "membership" awarded by the 7131: 6403: 6370: 6287: 5784: 5732: 5463: 5418:"Formula One Dances Out of the Groove" 5208:"NASCAR's Choose Cone Rule, Explained" 5045: 4109:, the area between Turns 10 and 11 at 6780: 6502: 6455: 6433:"Big Willow – Willow Springs Raceway" 6345: 6320: 6131: 6045: 5821:driver. June 27, 2006. Archived from 5757: 5231: 5155: 4994: 4037:stop-go penalty / stop and go penalty 1712:running on gasoline, from before the 1270:due to exploiting the lead vehicle's 6691:. motomagazine.co.uk. Archived from 6348:The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring 6189:. motorcycle-usa.com. Archived from 5997:. Pete's Racing Site. Archived from 5855:. Granada Ventures. pp. 54–55. 5574: 5310:Emmons, Don, "R&C Modelrama" in 5020: 4959: 4767: 3816:the G, F, and further, for example). 2204:A tire with lighter grooving than a 1292:cars less susceptible to dirty air. 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 6234:Huneycutt, Jeff (October 1, 2007). 6076:"Winton announces track renovation" 5876:Barretto, Lawrence (26 June 2013). 5608:. February 27, 2010. Archived from 5266:. February 14, 2009. Archived from 3887:Splitter (in white) on a NASCAR car 2646:used in a race car (inherited from 2267:Jet dryer mounted on a pickup truck 1981:HANS (head and neck support) device 992:NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series 279: 13: 6961:Australian and New Zealand punting 6373:"Racing Suspension - Tire Stagger" 6350:. Macquarie Library. p. 453. 5156:Sigal, Peter (November 23, 2006). 5090:. Granada Ventures. pp. 6–7. 4453:in sedan and GT based racing cars. 1623:or in a "fuel" class (most often, 1171:The disrupted air left in a car's 1127:/ did not pre-qualify (DNQ / DNPQ) 863:Fastest recorded lap at a circuit. 650:containing nitrous. Also called a 14: 7155: 6767:World Rally Championship glossary 6755: 6046:Tracy, Brian (17 February 2008). 5525:OneDirt - The Dirt Track Magazine 5519:Shelton, Ben (21 December 2017). 5494:International Hot Rod Association 5422:Bridgestonemotorsport on F1 tires 4356:(see below) and loss of traction. 4157:Alternative term for a spare car. 3582:semi-feature / B-main / qualifier 3301:accelerating back to race speeds. 2287:FIA World Rallycross Championship 2117:International Hot Rod Association 6662: 5762:. motorsport.com. Archived from 5686:Gallagher, Stuart (2022-08-19). 5111:Crossman, Matt (April 1, 2007). 3447:safety car leads the field in a 2790:, called simply "the Nationals". 2333:(kinetic energy recovery system) 1619:In drag racing, any car running 1442:(KERS), known officially as the 122:glossary of terminology used in 22: 6817:Sports terms named after people 6656: 6629: 6600: 6575: 6522: 6496: 6449: 6425: 6364: 6339: 6314: 6281: 6255: 6205: 6122: 6092: 6067: 6039: 6013: 5960: 5934: 5921: 5895: 5869: 5807: 5778: 5751: 5726: 5679: 5661: 5594: 5543: 5521:"Lowe Lands CVR House Car Ride" 5512: 5457: 5432: 5410: 5386: 5368: 5342: 5317: 5304: 5282: 5252: 5225: 5199: 5177: 5149: 5135: 5104: 5039: 5014: 4995:Straw, Edd (25 December 2021). 4988: 4976:from the original on 2022-01-12 4749:. Crash Media Group. March 2004 3928:, as well as second-generation 3874:splash and dash / splash and go 3833:, it is traditionally called a 3607:The first test of a new vehicle 1515:The competing cars in an event. 745:used as a sponsor-neutral term. 274: 133: 33:needs additional citations for 6371:Gibson, John (February 2009). 6165:"Tuesday Tip: The Bubba Scrub" 6074:O'Brien, Connor (2020-01-28). 6022:"The return of the pay driver" 5143:"Go Kart Catch Cans and Tanks" 4923: 4898: 4871: 4840: 4821: 3322:An early term for a co-driver. 2817:The highest ranking trackside 2302:, to increase the competition. 2243:roll happens after qualifying. 2226:Grand Annual Sprintcar Classic 2174:World Touring Car Championship 1803:British Superbike Championship 1444:motor generator unit – kinetic 1440:kinetic energy recovery system 590:In drag racing, an area where 57:"Glossary of motorsport terms" 1: 6503:Siska, Ellen (3 April 2008). 6404:Zeller, Bob (February 2009). 6321:Allen, Richard (2017-04-12). 6288:Bolles, Bob (April 1, 2004). 5758:Klein, Jamie (1 March 2019). 5236:. Scene Daily. Archived from 5232:Gluck, Jeff (July 27, 2008). 5113:"The art of the bump and run" 4725: 2513:consist of repeated sections. 2216:In Australia and New Zealand 1776:" for its visual resemblance. 1359:driver and crew chief meeting 6437:www.willowspringsraceway.com 5733:Miller, Caleb (2022-06-09). 5575:Wolf, Jeff (July 16, 1999). 5464:Hatton, Gemma (2020-01-02). 5424:. 2008-10-24. Archived from 4768:Ryan, Nate (July 14, 2014). 4569:performing a wheelie in his 2784:Great Bend Municipal Airport 2778:Most NHRA events are called 2756:National Hot Rod Association 2159:incident officer (IO or I/O) 2115:An acronym referring to the 1431:ERS (energy recovery system) 416:, and on many short tracks, 346:for records taking place at 132: 7: 6966:North American horse racing 6669:www.formula1-dictionary.net 6636:Collins, Sam (2013-09-06). 6141:. maxim.com. Archived from 5398:www.formula1-dictionary.net 5187:. Project for Public Spaces 5021:Wolf, Andrew (2019-09-04). 4910:www.formula1-dictionary.net 4187: 2581:A marshal waving a red flag 2018:the last practice before a 1850:Crew members grooving tires 1688:A disparaging term used by 1477:A more specific version of 1448:motor generator unit – heat 758:Catch fence at an American 10: 7160: 6717:. motocross.transworld.net 6529:Skorupa, Joe (July 1995). 6167:. motocross.transworld.net 5325:"The Return of the Enzo's" 4931:"Glossary of Racing Terms" 4878:Jeff Breitenstein (2004). 4301:, although series such as 2644:internal combustion engine 1989:, in the event of a crash. 1796:green-white-checker finish 1341:Drivers' meeting before a 7113: 6850:Australian rules football 6825: 6812: 6456:Straw, Edd (2022-04-07). 6378:Stock Car Racing magazine 4960:Cary, Tom (10 May 2010). 4847:Dan McCosh (April 1993). 4539:wet (or wet-weather) tyre 4387: 4254:offshore powerboat racing 4181: 2084:A chassis manufacturer's 1745:grand chelem / grand slam 892:closing/shutting the door 801:A receptacle placed in a 790:, and permanent circuits. 657:bottoming / bottoming out 6559:. NASCAR. Archived from 5581:Las Vegas Review-Journal 4214:2002 Austrian Grand Prix 4212:as a consequence of the 3897:Also referred to as the 3449:NASCAR Nationwide Series 2402:A unique livery used by 2338:World Rally Championship 2086:research and development 1415: 812:caution / caution period 550:A large pileup during a 7065:Skiing and snowboarding 7060:Skiing and snowboarding 6583:"F1 technical glossary" 5851:Clayton, David (2007). 5790:"F1 Drivers Knock Indy" 5086:Clayton, David (2007). 4526:A device attached to a 4477:celebrating victory lap 2460:racing car, commonly a 1894:driver and constructor 660:When the bottom of the 7139:Motorsport terminology 7035:Professional wrestling 5496:(IHRA). Archived from 4651: 4627:producing white smoke. 4617: 4573: 4478: 4467: 4410: 4275: 4141: 4047:The start-finish line. 3888: 3849: 3779:A pass using drafting. 3767:Front-engined dragster 3735: 3734:Formula One slick tyre 3718: 3699: 3651: 3615: 3555:semi-automatic gearbox 3537: 3511:; a jump technique in 3452: 3371: 3336: 3211: 3179: 3163: 2992: 2960: 2951: 2917: 2862: 2829: 2766: 2681: 2582: 2565: 2496: 2442:qualifying lap records 2406: 2395: 2268: 2206: 2184: 2152: 2139: 2127: 2097: 2068: 1987:basilar skull fracture 1937: 1851: 1812: 1783: 1738: 1652: 1581: 1523: 1467: 1391: 1346: 1329: 1299: 1276: 1205:southern United States 1046: 817: 762: 682: 606: 515: 487: 475: 456: 383: 374: 323:Atlanta Motor Speedway 317:uses a 105% rule, and 289: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 6612:www.motorsportads.com 6557:"NASCAR Glossary T-Z" 5329:atlasf1.autosport.com 5292:. The Racers Resource 5264:ASA Late Model Series 5185:"Traffic Calming 101" 4607: 4565: 4473: 4465: 4297:). This is common in 4139: 3886: 3733: 3716: 3645: 3443: 3369: 3161: 2946: 2857: 2654:missing man formation 2580: 2555:drive-through penalty 2401: 2376: 2266: 2134:Impound race (NASCAR) 1931: 1872:A method of creating 1849: 1716:class was introduced. 1648: 1538:flag-to-flag coverage 1425:excluded (EXC / EXCL) 1386: 1340: 1321:drive-through penalty 1297: 1284:Drag Reduction System 1151:, as distinct from a 1080:density altitude (DA) 1044: 757: 372: 7144:Glossaries of sports 6840:Association football 6807:Glossaries of sports 6762:Formula One glossary 6346:Davis, Pedr (1986). 6104:www.sportinglife.com 5639:"Racing Terminology" 5531:on 16 September 2020 5490:"Drag Racing Basics" 5123:on 30 September 2007 5046:Patwardhan, Deepti. 4709: 4695: 4501: 4457: 4399: 4131: 4064:superpole / shootout 4016:championship points. 3930:Class 1 Touring Cars 3435: 3229: 3200: 2938: 2808: 2737: 2572: 2368: 2324: 2247: 2213:International season 2106: 2053:hook-up / hooking up 1967:in sportscar racing. 1932:Hairpin turn on the 1923: 1840:The total cornering 1670: 1454: 1378: 1098:did not attend (DNA) 1036: 749: 728:Nationwide Insurance 646:In drag racing, the 531:In drag racing, the 464: 422:Chili Bowl Nationals 364: 42:improve this article 6643:Racecar Engineering 6563:on 18 February 2010 6406:"The Quitting Game" 5714:. carmagazine.co.uk 5470:Racecar Engineering 5270:on 24 February 2009 5240:on 23 February 2012 4969:The Daily Telegraph 4295:24 Hours of Le Mans 4111:Albert Park Circuit 3486:Scuderia AlphaTauri 3304:reverse grid racing 3280:Originally used by 3276:reactive suspension 2902:outright lap record 2861:, a one-make series 2801:not classified (NC) 2542:is in Formula One). 2446:outright lap record 1405:E.T. (elapsed time) 1298:A drift competition 936:competition caution 895:An early defensive 877:clerk of the course 584:rejoining the race. 396:Pneumatic cylinders 120:The following is a 6327:Inside Dirt Racing 5995:"Motorsport Terms" 5909:. 20 December 2017 5675:. 1 December 2011. 5380:2009-07-24 at the 4834:2021-09-18 at the 4618: 4574: 4546:) would aquaplane. 4479: 4468: 4313:touring car racing 4142: 4057:, as the usage of 3889: 3803:a loss of traction 3736: 3719: 3652: 3504:Also known as the 3453: 3445:Chevrolet Corvette 3372: 3354:road course ringer 3164: 3111:Polish victory lap 2952: 2863: 2583: 2407: 2396: 2269: 1938: 1898:. Also known as a 1852: 1814:popping the blower 1653: 1634:full-course yellow 1625:Top Fuel Dragsters 1392: 1347: 1300: 1199:In drag racing, a 1047: 996:small-block engine 988:ARCA Racing Series 967:controlled caution 945:controlled caution 925:touring car racing 818:full-course yellow 784:chain-link fencing 763: 664:touches the track. 375: 7126: 7125: 6887:Canadian football 6830:American football 6695:on 18 August 2015 6535:Popular Mechanics 6385:on 15 August 2013 5948:. 10 October 2013 5862:978-1-906211-02-8 5825:on 19 August 2010 5350:"The British Era" 5097:978-1-906211-02-8 4391:, 'chase-attack') 4097:Race of Champions 3798:smoking the tires 3722:slick (clay oval) 3360:NASCAR Cup Series 3314:sprint car racing 3238:Abbreviation for 3152:sports racing car 2688:Motorsport Valley 2462:Le Mans Prototype 2295:Global Rallycross 2222:sprint car racing 2125:General term for 2020:NASCAR Cup Series 1975:CART FedEx series 1724:sports car racing 1355:drivers' briefing 414:sprint car racing 330:200 MPH Club 118: 117: 110: 92: 7151: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6772:Moto GP glossary 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6614:. 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Archived from 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5390: 5384: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5354:f1-grandprix.com 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5321: 5315: 5312:Rod & Custom 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5119:. Archived from 5108: 5102: 5101: 5083: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4965: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4941:on June 14, 2016 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4844: 4838: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4739: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4360:traction control 4299:endurance racing 4243: 4242: 4192: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4081:in other sports. 3956: 3955: 3926:Cars of Tomorrow 3825: 3824: 3812: 3811: 3776: 3775: 3659: 3658: 3561:Scuderia Ferrari 3150:A purpose-built 3133:progressive grid 2458:sports prototype 2404:Rebellion Racing 2392: 2387: Ideal line 2386: 2381: Early apex 2380: 2207:wet weather tire 2191:installation lap 1965:balance of power 1832:Indianapolis 500 1733: 1732: 1719:gentleman driver 1621:specialized fuel 1565:1979 Daytona 500 1540: 1539: 1350:drivers' meeting 1323: 1322: 1314:four-wheel drift 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1137: 1136: 1126: 1125: 969: 968: 938: 937: 929:endurance racing 844: 843: 797: 796: 782:A fence made of 779: 778: 556:restrictor plate 135: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7129: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7109: 6914:Contract bridge 6821: 6808: 6805: 6758: 6753: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6739:. dirtrider.com 6735: 6734: 6730: 6720: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6673: 6671: 6665:"Wheel Shrouds" 6661: 6657: 6648: 6646: 6634: 6630: 6621: 6619: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6466: 6464: 6454: 6450: 6441: 6439: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6344: 6340: 6331: 6329: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6286: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6193:on 11 July 2015 6185: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6146: 6145:on 27 June 2015 6137: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6084: 6082: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5993: 5992: 5985: 5976: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5931:, 1/1991, p.16. 5926: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5849: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5817:. Jason Sides, 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5756: 5752: 5743: 5741: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5696: 5694: 5684: 5680: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5637: 5636: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5612:on 14 July 2011 5600: 5599: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5573: 5569: 5560: 5558: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5474: 5472: 5462: 5458: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5402: 5400: 5392: 5391: 5387: 5382:Wayback Machine 5373: 5369: 5359: 5357: 5356:. 24 April 2010 5348: 5347: 5343: 5333: 5331: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5273: 5271: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5154: 5150: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5084: 5065: 5056: 5054: 5044: 5040: 5031: 5029: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4853:Popular Science 4845: 4841: 4836:Wayback Machine 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4741: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4712: 4698: 4610:Kenny Bernstein 4533:weight shifting 4504: 4487:winner's circle 4475:Brad Keselowski 4460: 4402: 4384: 4240: 4239: 4195:In drifting, a 4178: 4134: 4050:success ballast 3969:endurance races 3953: 3952: 3850:one-make racing 3822: 3821: 3809: 3808: 3773: 3772: 3656: 3655: 3438: 3319:riding mechanic 3260:rail / rail job 3232: 3203: 2941: 2883:series such as 2867:one-make racing 2811: 2740: 2730:mystery caution 2575: 2497:success ballast 2394: 2393: Late apex 2390: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2327: 2250: 2109: 1992:heads-up racing 1970:Handford device 1926: 1730: 1729: 1673: 1537: 1536: 1457: 1381: 1330:stop-go penalty 1320: 1319: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1187:Phoenix Raceway 1134: 1133: 1124:did not qualify 1123: 1122: 1039: 966: 965: 935: 934: 841: 840: 794: 793: 788:street circuits 776: 775: 752: 730:(2008–14), and 467: 367: 292: 287: 286: 285: 284: 136: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 7157: 7147: 7146: 7141: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7055:Shooting sport 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6985:Figure skating 6982: 6981: 6980: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6902:computer chess 6899: 6897:chess problems 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6860:derived idioms 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6757: 6756:External links 6754: 6751: 6750: 6728: 6706: 6680: 6655: 6628: 6599: 6574: 6548: 6521: 6495: 6484:. formula1.com 6473: 6448: 6424: 6411:Car and Driver 6396: 6363: 6356: 6338: 6313: 6302:on 28 May 2014 6280: 6254: 6226: 6215:. Hoosier Tire 6204: 6178: 6156: 6130: 6121: 6110:on 5 June 2011 6091: 6066: 6038: 6012: 5983: 5968:"NHRA History" 5959: 5933: 5920: 5894: 5868: 5861: 5836: 5806: 5788:(2001-09-28). 5777: 5750: 5739:Car and Driver 5725: 5703: 5678: 5660: 5623: 5593: 5567: 5542: 5511: 5500:on 8 June 2012 5481: 5456: 5431: 5428:on 2008-11-13. 5409: 5385: 5367: 5341: 5316: 5314:, 9/00, p.147. 5303: 5281: 5251: 5224: 5198: 5176: 5163:New York Times 5148: 5134: 5103: 5096: 5063: 5038: 5013: 4987: 4952: 4922: 4897: 4890: 4870: 4839: 4820: 4809:. May 21, 2012 4788: 4760: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701:yellow checker 4697: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4670: 4659: 4656: 4647: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4587: 4580: 4567:Maynard Yingst 4560: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4454: 4434: 4431: 4420: 4415: 4406: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4333: 4330: 4327:In Formula One 4319: 4316: 4309: 4306: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4237: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4219:team principal 4217: 4205: 4200: 4193: 4171: 4163: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4125:sidecar racing 4121: 4118: 4115:Suzuka Circuit 4107:Willow Springs 4103: 4100: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4011:start and park 4008: 4005: 4003:standing start 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3977: 3972: 3957: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3895: 3890: 3875: 3872: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3854: 3845: 3842: 3826: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3796: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3774:slingshot pass 3770: 3764: 3761: 3755:Especially in 3753: 3750: 3742: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3622:short shifting 3619: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3594: 3583: 3580: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3542: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3516: 3502: 3499: 3492: 3489: 3481: 3479:satellite team 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3341: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3217: 3216: 3212:pre-qualifying 3207: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3184: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3156: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3118:pre-qualifying 3116: 3113: 3108: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3074: 3069: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3037: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2965: 2956: 2947:A pit stop in 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2877:IndyCar Series 2869: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2842:open-wheel car 2839: 2836: 2833: 2825: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2791: 2776: 2771: 2762: 2759: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2717: 2714: 2711:North Carolina 2695: 2694:mountain motor 2692: 2689: 2686: 2677: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2658:The driver in 2656: 2651: 2640: 2635: 2627: 2621: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2587: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2561: 2558: 2546: 2543: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2517: 2516:legality panel 2514: 2503: 2500: 2492: 2489: 2454: 2449: 2437: 2434: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2334: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2311:standing start 2306: 2303: 2300:Kenneth Hansen 2279: 2276: 2273: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2232: 2229: 2214: 2211: 2202: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2180: 2177: 2170: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2147: 2144: 2123: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2054: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2013: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1946: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1908: 1903: 1887: 1881: 1870: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1838: 1835: 1828: 1825: 1809: 1806: 1798: 1793: 1780: 1777: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1746: 1743: 1734: 1727: 1720: 1717: 1706: 1701: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1659: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1595:formula racing 1592: 1589: 1586: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1541: 1534: 1531: 1530:first or worse 1528: 1524:start and park 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1502: 1487: 1482: 1479:factory-backed 1475: 1472: 1463: 1461:factory-backed 1456: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1396: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1351: 1335: 1334: 1324: 1317: 1306: 1301: 1289: 1281: 1264: 1259: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1226: 1211: 1208: 1197: 1194: 1183: 1180: 1169: 1166: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1131: 1128: 1120: 1116: 1113:did not finish 1110: 1103:did not arrive 1099: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1078: 1075:pit-stop delta 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063:Delaware start 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1045:Delaware start 1038: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1001:crossed sticks 999: 979: 974: 970: 963: 960:control engine 952: 949: 939: 932: 927:(particularly 905: 900: 893: 890: 879: 874: 867: 864: 861: 856: 853: 851:Christmas tree 848: 845: 837: 836: 833: 828: 825: 822: 813: 810: 799: 791: 780: 773: 769: 751: 748: 747: 746: 720:Anheuser-Busch 712: 706: 703: 700: 697: 692: 679:bracket racing 675: 672: 668: 665: 658: 655: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 614: 611: 602: 599: 588: 585: 581: 578: 570: 567: 552:stock car race 548: 543: 542:"off-camber"). 539: 536: 529: 526: 523: 520: 511: 508: 505: 502: 495: 492: 488:satellite team 483: 480: 471: 466: 463: 462: 461: 452: 447: 444: 439: 436: 433: 430: 425: 406: 403: 393: 388: 379: 366: 363: 362: 361: 354: 351: 348:El Mirage Lake 344:Dirty Two Club 331: 327: 326: 315:IndyCar Series 308:Often used in 306: 300: 299: 296: 291: 288: 283: 282: 280:External links 277: 269: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 137: 131: 129: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7156: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6978:Italian terms 6976: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6824: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6802: 6797: 6795: 6790: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6738: 6732: 6716: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6632: 6618:on 2016-06-17 6617: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6525: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6483: 6477: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6384: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6230: 6214: 6208: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6166: 6160: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6042: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5930: 5924: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5864: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5713: 5707: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5557:on 2020-03-01 5556: 5552: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5471: 5467: 5460: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5399: 5395: 5389: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5313: 5307: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5213: 5209: 5202: 5186: 5180: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5122: 5118: 5117:Sporting News 5114: 5107: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4964: 4956: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4893: 4891:0-7603-1823-9 4887: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4731: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4690: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4549:wheel banging 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510:In the NHRA, 4509: 4506: 4505: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4464: 4452: 4447: 4446:ground effect 4443: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4394: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4349:traction bars 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4323:racing slicks 4320: 4318:tire compound 4317: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4093: 4091:super special 4090: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4025:sticker tires 4024: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3996:standard tree 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3918:grand tourers 3915: 3911: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3899:front spoiler 3896: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3857:special stage 3855: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3784: 3783:slipstreaming 3781: 3778: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3760:straightaway. 3758: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3700:traction bars 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676:" situations. 3675: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3637: 3635:shutdown area 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3538:sticker tires 3534: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3491:scattershield 3490: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3397:rolling start 3395: 3392: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3291:relief driver 3290: 3287: 3284:and later by 3283: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3245:race director 3244: 3241: 3240:reaction time 3237: 3234: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3094:pole position 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3006:formation lap 3003: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2945: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2859:Formula Mazda 2856: 2849: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2725:Murray Walker 2723:broadcaster, 2722: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2660:pole position 2657: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553:penalty (see 2551: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2426:lap of honour 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2410:ladder series 2409: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2319: 2318: 2317:rolling start 2313: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2033:reaction time 2029: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1868:ground effect 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1755:grand marshal 1754: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1602:free practice 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1588:formation lap 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582:rolling start 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1495:Brabham BT46B 1492: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1387:The esses at 1385: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277:slipstreaming 1273: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1147:A non-bodied 1146: 1143: 1140: 1135:did not start 1132: 1129: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 975: 971: 964: 961: 957: 953: 950: 947: 946: 940: 933: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 904: 901: 898: 894: 891: 888: 884: 880: 878: 875: 872: 868: 865: 862: 860: 859:course record 857: 854: 852: 849: 846: 839: 838: 834: 832: 829: 826: 824:chase vehicle 823: 821: 819: 814: 811: 808: 807:recovery tank 804: 800: 792: 789: 785: 781: 774: 770: 768: 765: 764: 761: 756: 744: 740: 737: 733: 732:signal pirate 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 696: 693: 690: 686: 685: 680: 676: 673: 669: 666: 663: 659: 656: 653: 649: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 623: 622:turbochargers 619: 615: 612: 610: 608: 603: 600: 597: 593: 589: 586: 582: 579: 576: 571: 569:black-flagged 568: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 547: 544: 540: 537: 534: 530: 527: 524: 522:bag of donuts 521: 519: 517: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 496: 493: 491: 489: 484: 481: 479: 477: 472: 469: 468: 460: 458: 453: 451: 448: 445: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 429: 426: 423: 419: 418:alphabet soup 415: 411: 407: 405:alphabet soup 404: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 385: 380: 377: 376: 371: 359: 355: 352: 349: 345: 341: 336: 332: 329: 328: 324: 320: 316: 311: 307: 305: 302: 301: 297: 294: 293: 281: 278: 276: 273: 272: 271: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 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Retrieved 4746: 4721:rally event. 4689:works driver 4688: 4650: 4597:wheelie bars 4578:wheel shroud 4543: 4528:turbocharger 4511: 4486: 4482:victory lane 4466:Victory lane 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4423: 4409: 4380: 4353: 4337: 4274: 4264:throw a belt 4174: 4168:fish-tailing 4167: 4161:tank-slapper 4072:support race 4054: 3961:hillclimbing 3914:touring cars 3906: 3902: 3898: 3848: 3838: 3834: 3831:Indianapolis 3792: 3698: 3694:slapper bars 3668:silly season 3614: 3590: 3586: 3536: 3530: 3505: 3496:bell housing 3427:run-off area 3413:rumble strip 3343:ripple strip 3337:wheel shroud 3335: 3331:rim blanking 3264: 3239: 3220:quick 8 (Q8) 3219: 3218: 3210: 3191: 3186:push to pass 3178: 3104: 3100: 3065: 3046:photo finish 3030: 3018: 3005: 2991: 2987:paint scheme 2959: 2931: 2918: 2872: 2828: 2779: 2765: 2754:Acronym for 2680: 2632:Mickey Mouse 2624:Mickey Mouse 2564: 2554: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2510: 2506: 2495: 2445: 2441: 2433:(see below). 2430: 2361: 2357:kitty litter 2346:push to pass 2345: 2315: 2309: 2290: 2235: 2205: 2201:intermediate 2183: 2151: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2122:impound rule 2098: 2092:hydrolocking 2067: 2041:homologation 2009: 2008:Opposite of 1964: 1942: 1934:Mont Ventoux 1916: 1912: 1899: 1820:hand grenade 1818: 1813: 1784: 1774:kitty litter 1769:run-off area 1737: 1690:Enzo Ferrari 1663: 1638: 1627:or Top Fuel 1580: 1576:flying start 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549:tape delayed 1544: 1522: 1518:field-filler 1499:Chaparral 2J 1478: 1474:factory team 1466: 1447: 1443: 1434:Part of the 1419: 1416:60-foot time 1389:Road Atlanta 1358: 1354: 1328: 1313: 1286: 1275: 1236:double stack 1230:double-stack 1222: 1218: 1210:door-slammer 1196:doped / dope 1176: 1165:(see below). 1162: 1158: 1152: 1106: 1105:or simply a 1102: 1086:backpressure 1074: 1056:deep staging 1050:deep braking 1029: 1024:customer car 959: 956:control tire 955: 943: 916: 870: 816: 806: 742: 731: 724:Claim jumper 723: 709:Buschwhacker 695:bump and run 688: 683: 651: 648:gas cylinder 618:supercharger 605: 574: 533:electric eye 514: 486: 476:semi-feature 474: 455: 417: 384:wheel shroud 382: 353:60-foot time 343: 339: 270: 121: 119: 104: 98:October 2011 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 7050:Rugby union 6872:Board games 6587:F1technical 6241:Motor Trend 5616:26 February 5504:23 February 5466:"Tyre grip" 4915:14 December 4652:Gurney flap 4516:Wally Parks 4493:victory lap 4440:and sports 4283:time attack 4249:throttleman 4210:Formula One 4203:team orders 4084:super rally 4055:lead trophy 3983:or asphalt 3965:time attack 3747:aquaplaning 3565:Formula One 3549:Formula One 3253:racing line 3105:on the pole 2949:Formula One 2914:Formula One 2881:spec racing 2848:Formula One 2721:Formula One 2703:drag racers 2648:hot rodding 2613:racing flag 2611:A specific 2591:toy marbles 2491:lead trophy 2452:Le Mans car 2431:victory lap 2362:gravel trap 2342:Formula One 2228:in January. 2169:independent 1913:autotesting 1892:Formula One 1884:Gurney flap 1790:rain shower 1779:green track 1763:gravel trap 1685:/ garagista 1505:fastest lap 1274:. See also 984:late models 977:crate motor 897:racing line 842:choose cone 798:/ catch can 777:catch fence 546:The Big One 499:drag racing 450:autotesting 442:auto racing 358:drag racing 310:Formula One 7133:Categories 7100:Water polo 7095:Volleyball 7025:Pickleball 7020:Motorsport 7005:Ice hockey 7000:Gymnastics 6956:Equestrian 6924:Cue sports 6867:Basketball 6715:"Whip 101" 6674:2016-06-12 6649:2016-06-12 6622:2016-06-12 6592:22 January 6567:6 December 6488:24 October 6467:2022-08-25 6442:2022-08-25 6357:0949757357 6332:2022-08-27 6263:"The Sled" 6085:2022-08-27 6059:2 December 6031:2 December 6005:18 January 5977:2022-08-25 5952:2 December 5913:2 December 5887:2 December 5799:20 January 5786:Hinton, Ed 5744:2022-08-25 5718:24 October 5697:2022-08-25 5586:17 January 5561:2019-10-10 5475:2021-09-03 5450:2021-09-03 5403:2021-09-03 5191:18 January 5169:18 January 5127:18 January 5057:2022-08-25 5032:2022-08-25 4972:. London. 4935:NASCAR.com 4726:References 4683:works team 4646:wickerbill 4630:wheelstand 4571:sprint car 4438:open wheel 4418:understeer 4373:trap speed 4338:axle tramp 4332:tire shake 4290:timed race 4276:understeer 4241:ten-tenths 3975:sprint car 3839:backup car 3789:slipstream 3740:slick tyre 3687:skid plate 3648:Sauber C24 3577:gear stick 3573:rally cars 3532:scuffed in 3519:scrutineer 3457:safety car 3325:right-rear 3206:qualifying 3180:understeer 3101:qualifying 3066:pit boards 3031:ride buyer 3025:pay driver 3012:parc fermé 3000:parade lap 2961:safety car 2932:understeer 2885:Spec Miata 2675:motorkhana 2539:sign board 2436:lap record 2305:jump start 2283:rallycross 2254:James Bond 2185:scrutineer 2153:delta time 2140:parc fermé 2128:parc fermé 2069:flying lap 2015:happy hour 1917:motorkhana 1900:wickerbill 1896:Dan Gurney 1750:Grand Prix 1639:safety car 1629:Funny Cars 1570:flying lap 1559:checkered 1468:works team 1272:slipstream 1242:mechanics. 1219:funny cars 1070:delta time 921:sports car 887:safety car 795:catch tank 760:dirt track 722:brewery. 587:bleach box 580:blend line 558:racing at 510:backup car 504:backmarker 410:midget car 378:aero cover 295:1–2 finish 275:References 124:motorsport 68:newspapers 7105:Wing Chun 6951:Disc golf 6845:Athletics 6543:0032-4558 6514:5 January 6417:5 October 6080:Supercars 5946:Eurosport 5929:Car Craft 5907:Autosport 5882:BBC Sport 4906:"Corners" 4865:0161-7370 4775:USA Today 4747:Crash.net 4641:motocross 4622:wheelspin 4555:wheel hop 4522:wastegate 4512:The Wally 4507:The Wally 4451:splitters 4442:prototype 4433:undertray 4428:oversteer 4354:wheel hop 4303:Formula 1 4225:tear-offs 4079:undercard 3864:spin turn 3823:spare car 3763:slingshot 3752:slide job 3674:lame duck 3616:superpole 3604:shakedown 3513:motocross 3472:sand trap 3405:roof flap 3385:roll hoop 3376:roll cage 3370:Roll cage 3171:radiator. 3146:prototype 3126:privateer 3060:pit board 3053:pill draw 3036:pedalling 2968:pacenotes 2926:oversteer 2890:out-brake 2780:nationals 2774:nationals 2767:co-driver 2761:navigator 2716:Murrayism 2707:Tennessee 2603:first aid 2566:oversteer 2535:pit board 2291:joker lap 2278:joker lap 2272:jet dryer 2196:telemetry 2179:inspector 2164:hillclimb 2099:grenading 2081:house car 2058:wheelspin 2048:Group GT3 1936:in France 1874:downforce 1714:pro stock 1708:A bodied 1683:garagiste 1657:funny car 1650:Funny car 1609:fuel cell 1491:downforce 1411:E.T. slip 1343:motocross 1310:oversteer 1246:downforce 1191:quad-oval 1177:clean air 1168:dirty air 1154:funny car 1119:finisher. 1095:breakout. 1030:house car 917:navigator 913:pacenotes 903:co-driver 871:dirty air 866:clean air 743:Cup leech 596:TrackBite 564:Talladega 516:spare car 494:back half 391:air jacks 304:107% rule 7118:Category 6909:Climbing 6855:Baseball 6462:The Race 6114:18 March 5829:16 March 5673:BBC News 5444:Driver61 5378:Archived 5360:18 March 5334:18 March 5274:11 March 5212:Jalopnik 5052:Red Bull 5027:Dragzine 5001:The Race 4974:Archived 4832:Archived 4813:18 March 4807:Autoweek 4781:18 March 4753:18 March 4716:zero car 4677:wishbone 4672:wishbone 4667:traction 4616:dragster 4614:Top Fuel 4405:undercut 4258:trim tab 4232:template 4197:Japanese 4188:solo run 3941:spoiler. 3909:diffuser 3893:splitter 3879:pit stop 3869:doughnut 3810:soup run 3793:drafting 3610:shootout 3391:rollover 3286:Williams 3270:ramp run 3167:puke can 3139:pro tree 3087:pit wall 3080:pit stop 3072:pit lane 2974:rallying 2955:pace car 2919:undercut 2824:official 2814:observer 2699:hot rods 2682:gymkhana 2618:meatball 2608:meatball 2550:long lap 2545:long lap 2530:lollipop 2507:sections 2075:hot laps 2026:holeshot 1959:handicap 1906:gymkhana 1886:/ Gurney 1861:grooving 1842:envelope 1731:graining 1710:drag car 1555:(start) 1450:(MGU-H). 1420:timeslip 1370:due time 1364:dry line 1304:drifting 1262:drafting 1223:floppers 1149:dragster 909:rallying 883:marshals 674:breakout 637:blowover 457:gymkhana 400:pit stop 134:Contents 7075:Surfing 7015:Kho kho 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