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82:. MUAC measurement, if conducted by well-trained staff, can give a quick assessment of new arrivals at a camp. It is based on the observation that this measurement does not change much in children between six months and five years old, so comparison to a "normal" measurement is useful. Based on analysis of field results, MUAC < 125mm corresponds to GAM and MUAC < 110mm with or without oedema corresponds to SAM.
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for the same measurement in the reference population. SAM is defined as a weight to height ratio less than -3 standard deviations on the Z-score for the reference population. In practice, since the distribution of weight to height ratios is much the same in all populations, the two definitions are
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To evaluate levels of GAM, workers in an emergency measure the weight and height of children between 6 and 59 months. They then use the results as a proxy for the health of the population as a whole. The weight to height index is compared to the same index for a reference population that has no
94:(IPC), a famine is declared if three conditions exist. First, at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages with limited ability to cope. Second, GAM prevalence exceeds 30%. Third, crude death rates exceed two persons per 10,000 per day. In 2011, the conditions in some parts of the
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has set a target that less than 10% of children under five should suffer from Global Acute
Malnutrition in complex humanitarian emergencies. In 2005, this objective was not met in 7% of targeted sites. GAM rates exceeded 10% in eleven camps in
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26:) is a measurement of the nutritional status of a population that is often used in protracted refugee situations. Along with the Crude Mortality Rate, it is one of the basic indicators for assessing the severity of a humanitarian crisis.
143:(16%). The report questioned why GAM rates were so high despite all efforts to bring them down, and why camps in Africa had rates consistently over 15% while camps in Asia were usually below 12% GAM.
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If 10% or more of children are classified as suffering from GAM, there is generally considered to be a serious emergency, and with over 15% the emergency is considered critical. According to the
353:
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shortage of nutrition. All children with weight less than 80% of the median weight of children with the same height in the reference population, and/or suffering from
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An alternative definition is that a child suffers from GAM if their weight to height ratio is less than the value at -2 standard deviations on the
378:
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published in
January 2006 found unacceptable GAM levels in UNHCR/WFP supported protracted refugee situations including Chad (up to 18%),
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describes
Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) as GAM in the 79% - 70% range, and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) as GAM below 70%.
397:"Complex Emergency Database (CE-DAT) - the international repository of health indicators, including GAM, from crisis settings"
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equivalent. Weight for height is chosen rather than weight for age since the latter may indicate long-term
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120:
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The World Health
Organization also defines other measures of malnutrition including
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Countries showing percentage of population suffering from undernourishment, 2006
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312:"Acute Malnutrition in Protracted Refugee Situations: A Global Strategy"
372:"Global Acute Malnutrition Prevalence (Z-score NCHS reference) – DRC"
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347:"WEST AFRICA - Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Prevalence"
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16:Measurement of a population's nutritional status
286:"FY 2005 Performance and Accountability Report"
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92:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
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310:Mary Corbett, Allison Oman (January 2006).
168:"Glossary: Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM)"
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288:. U.S. State Department. November 2005.
261:"Ten FAQ for famine in southern Somalia"
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236:Travel medicine and migrant health
200:"Acute Malnutrition Summary Sheet"
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131:(18.9%), Ethiopia (up to 19.6%),
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403:from the original on 2020-08-15
384:from the original on 2012-09-26
359:from the original on 2012-09-26
324:from the original on 2012-10-19
292:from the original on 2019-09-28
212:from the original on 2011-09-27
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278:
253:
1:
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47:, are classified as GAM. The
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239:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
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72:mid-upper arm circumference
10:
446:
352:. ReliefWeb. 28 May 2009.
172:Complex Emergency Database
377:. ReliefWeb. April 2011.
49:World Health Organization
20:Global Acute Malnutrition
399:. CRED. September 2012.
263:. UNICEF. Archived from
121:Central African Republic
98:met all three criteria.
233:Cameron Lockie (2000).
119:, and one camp in the
102:Objectives and results
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205:. Save the Children.
108:U.S. State Department
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123:. A study by the
63:rather than acute
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115:, seven camps in
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430:Humanitarian aid
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135:(up to 20.6%),
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96:Horn of Africa
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267:on 2011-09-26
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425:Malnutrition
405:. Retrieved
386:. Retrieved
361:. Retrieved
326:. Retrieved
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294:. Retrieved
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269:. Retrieved
265:the original
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214:. Retrieved
180:. Retrieved
176:the original
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137:Sierra Leone
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65:malnutrition
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141:South Sudan
80:kwashiorkor
419:Categories
407:2012-09-14
388:2011-08-08
363:2011-08-08
328:2011-08-08
296:2011-08-08
271:2011-08-08
216:2011-08-08
182:2011-08-08
147:References
139:(16%) and
30:Definition
401:Archived
379:Archived
354:Archived
319:Archived
290:Archived
207:Archived
117:Ethiopia
76:marasmus
74:(MUAC),
61:stunting
129:Eritrea
56:Z-score
243:
45:oedema
382:(PDF)
375:(PDF)
357:(PDF)
350:(PDF)
322:(PDF)
315:(PDF)
210:(PDF)
203:(PDF)
133:Kenya
125:UNHCR
241:ISBN
113:Chad
106:The
78:and
24:GAM
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22:(
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