1082:), the largest freshwater mammals found on the Indian subcontinent. They are considered vulnerable species under CITES Appendix 1 and are classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2004). The river dolphins are legally protected animals in Nepal as endangered mammal and fall under Schedule I of the protected list of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973. Living at the upstream range limit, dolphins in the Karnali River are particularly vulnerable to threats from habitat degradation. Dolphins need deep pools of water. They are often found in places where human activities are most intense and they are sometimes accidentally caught by the local people who live in the lower Karnali basin. The Karnali River supports the last potentially viable population of the Ganges river dolphin in Nepal. These dolphins are at their farthest upstream range and isolated by the Girijapuri Barrage (a low gated dam), located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) downstream of the Nepal–India border ( in Mihinpurwa district Bahraich).
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Ganges a distance of 446 kilometres (277 mi). This survey was done in the years 1943–53 to explore the possibility of improvement and extension of navigation on this river by powered crafts. These surveys revealed that there were only 5 shoals under 90 centimetres (35 in) at low water between Burhaj and
Bahramghat a distance of about 300 kilometres (190 mi). The minimum depth was 75 centimetres (30 in). These depths were available without any river conservancy works. All other conditions of navigable channel such as the width and current of flow etc. were also found to be very favourable. The low water stage in this river is only for a short duration. There is a great urgency to carry out detailed study of the Karnali river to develop modern inland waterway by applying various channel improvement technologies.
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channel meets the
Haidergarh branch at 171 kilometres (106 mi) and Raibareli branch at 187 kilometres (116 mi). The entire canal system is considered the largest in Asia and designed to provide irrigation to a Culturalable Command Area (CCA) of 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) covering 14 districts in 168 blocks with a gross command area of 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi).
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1019:. It is bordered in the south by the Babai River, and to the west by the Girwa River, a tributary of the Karnali. At Chisapani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from the Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. The park is famous for two
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In the past the
Karnali River was considered to be attractive for the development of navigation right from the Indo–Nepal border to the confluence of this river and the Ganges. The lower reach of this river—called the Ghaghra in India—was used in the past for navigation by steamers. Apart from in the
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The feeder channel taking off from the Lower Sarda
Barrage is 258.8 kilometres (160.8 mi) long, feeds the five branches of Dariyabad, Barabani, Haideganj, RaeBareil and Purva, and is designed to carry a discharge of 765 cubic metres per second (27,000 cu ft/s). The Sarda Sahayak feeder
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Other important protected areas and their biological and religious significance are a) Khaptad NP at 2.25 square kilometres (0.87 sq mi), Dhorpatan HR at 13.25 square kilometres (5.12 sq mi), and WR (1976) at
Kanchanpur at 3.05 square kilometres (1.18 sq mi) in the Terai
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The
Karnali Province has the lowest population density in Nepal. There are no large settlements on the banks of the river, which is only crossed near Chisapani by the Mahendra Highway. This region is now connected by karnali highway and now due to various hydro electricity projects this area is being
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In the latter half of the 19th century when the railways came into existence, the significance of waterways as inland trade routes declined, as the railways were faster and safer. With the exception of eastern parts of Bengal where abundance of water in the natural network of channels sustained and
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season and low during the summers. It has been observed that whenever precipitation is high in the catchment areas, there is flood in the downstream part of the Chhoti Gandak River Basin. The region exhibits upland terrace surface, river valley terrace surface, present-day river channel with narrow
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A high dam has been planned for some time just upstream of the dolphins' current (or at least recent) range in the
Karnali River, Nepal. If built, this structure would almost certainly eliminate the small amount of dolphin habitat in Nepal's last river with a potentially viable dolphin population.
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The possibilities for further extension of the steamer services to the north had also been explored in the past. The
Central Water and Power Commission of the Government of India had carried out hydrographical survey of the Karnali River from the Bahramghat to the confluence of this river and the
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Many trade items such as timber, food grains, sugar, indigo, cotton seed, poppy seed and mustard seed were transported by boats. April, May and June were the most suitable months and were a busy trading period. Different kinds of cargo boats were used on the Ganges, the smaller ones were known as
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uses the combined flows from the rivers
Ghaghara and Sarda in the Girija Barrage built across the Ghaghara river below a catchment area of 45,500 square kilometres (17,600 sq mi). This barrage is situated about 9 kilometres (6 mi) downstream of Khatria Ghat Rly station and 16
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foothills of the
Himalayas where most of the streams were simply fast-moving water throughout the greater part of the year and not navigable when flowing rapidly, most of the rivers with steadier currents had boats on them. The Ganges, the Ghaghra, the
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On account of high silt flows during the flood season, Sarda Sahayak supplies (from Karnali) are suspended for 100 days between June and October, when the Lower Sarda Canal (feeder canal) draws water from the Sarda River, which is then flooded.
1133:) via a link canal from Girija Barrage to the Lower Sarda Barrage which is 28 kilometres (17 mi) long and is designed to divert a discharge of 480 cubic metres per second (17,000 cu ft/s) from Gandak to Sarda river.
614:, it splits into two branches, the Geruwa on the left and Kauriala river on the right near Chisapani to rejoin south of the Indian border and form the proper Ghaghara. Other tributaries originating in Nepal are the
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tributaries are Khekhra, Hirna, Jethan, Maun, Duhari, Kanchi and Koilar rivers; Khanua river joins from the left bank. The discharge of Chhoti Gandak is mainly controlled by rain, which is very high during the
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continued to provide a suitable mode of transport of goods and people, the railways had almost entirely replaced the waterways as communication lines throughout the country by the end of the 19th century.
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of about 3,962 metres (12,999 ft) above sea level. The river flows south through one of the most remote and least explored areas of Nepal as the Karnali River. The 202-kilometre (126 mi)
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associated with geotechnical feasibility studies and bridge and road construction for the dam already may have contributed to a decline in the number and range of dolphins or
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528:. With a length of 507 km (315 mi), it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of the Ghaghara up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in
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flood plains, natural levee, and point-bar deposits. All these geomorphic features are depositional in nature and made up of alluvium of different ages.
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Hydrogeochemistry of Ground water and anthopogenic control over dolomatization reaction in alluvial sediments of the Deoria district: Ganga Plain India.
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is the largest and most undisturbed protected area in the Karnali River basin, covering 968 km (374 sq mi) on the southern slopes of the
685:. The basin formed by the river has a total catchment area of 127,950 square kilometres (49,400 sq mi), of which 45 percent is in India.
634:, after a course of 1,080 kilometres (670 mi). Saryu river is stated to be synonymous with the modern Karnali river or as a tributary of it.
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681:, elevation 7,751 metres (25,430 ft), is the highest point of the entire basin. In the north, it lies in the rain shadow of the
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is 1,080 km (670 mi). It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second largest by length after
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704:. The Chhoti Gandak River Basin is located between 26°00' to 27°20' N latitude and 83°30' to 84°15' E longitude.
700:. It travels a distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of
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Environmental repercussions of cane-sugar industries on the Chhoti Gandak river basin, Ganga Plain, India.
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kilometres (10 mi) from the international border to Nepal in Bahraich district. It is linked to the
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is the largest zone with about 5,000 square miles (13,000 km) area. Its administrative center is
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Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Karnali River section in western Nepal.
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Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Sivalik Hills of Nepal. The remnant magnetization of
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2015:
2011:
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Water Quality of the Chhoti Gandak River using Principal Component Analysis, Ganga Plain, India.
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Himalaya and drains the eastern part of the catchment, meeting the Karnali near Kuineghat in
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is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of
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above the Nepal-India border. The Ghaghara is the furthest upstream in the dolphin range.
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Control of Tectonics and Climate on Chhoti Gandak River Basin, East Ganga Plain, India.
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in this group suggests a depositional age of between 16 million and 5.2 million years.
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The Ghaghra River is locally known as "Saryu" or "Sarayu" in the city of Ayodhya.
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north of Dundras hill. Another tributary, the 264-kilometre (164 mi) long
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30:"Gogra" redirects here. For the location in Chang Chenmo Valley of Ladakh, see
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developed. Now a 900 MW project is going to be constructed in this river
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Water sharing Conflicts between Countries, and Approaches to resolving them.
524:. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left-bank tributary of the
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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. (DOI 10.1007/s10661-009-1281-2).
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were the most important navigable rivers in the Northwestern provinces and
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1238:. Perspectives on Geographical Marginality. Vol. 1. pp. 89–110.
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drains the western part of the catchment and joins the Karnali River in
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1295:"Karnali River: Longest River of Nepal « Wildlife in West Nepal"
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In India, the administrative districts in the Ghaghra catchment are
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Geophysical Journal International, Volume 142, Issue 3: 812-824.
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that originates in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the
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Map showing the Ghaghara and Gandaki tributaries of the Ganges
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The Karnali rises in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in
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The Karnali River Basin lies between the mountain ranges of
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1331:. Report by West Seti Hydro Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Globalization and Marginalization in Mountain Regions
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states to join the Ganges downstream of the town of
1370:Journal of Earth System Sciences, 119 (1) pp 1-12.
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78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
622:and the little Gandak. It flows southeast through
741:. The zone is divided into the five districts of
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1402:Himalayan Geology, Vol 30 (2) 2009, pp 147-154.
1267:Jain, S.K.; Agarwal, P.K.; Singh, V.P. (2007).
1234:. In Raghubir Chand; Walter Leimgruber (eds.).
1542:
1499:Smith, B.D.; Braulik, G.T.; Sinha, R. (2012).
1398:Singh, D.S., Awasthi, A., Bhardwaj, V. (2009)
1382:Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2009)
1366:Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2010)
1350:Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2010)
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1654:
1074:The Karnali provides the upper range for the
1528:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41756A17627639.en
1354:Environmental Earth Sciences 59:1099-1109.
980:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1661:
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1329:Karnali Basin Cumulative Impact Assessment
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373:2,990 m/s (106,000 cu ft/s)
183:
1629:A very short description of Ghaghra River
1526:
1000:Learn how and when to remove this message
583:, in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an
409:1,369 m/s (48,300 cu ft/s)
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
2102:
1096:
937:
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717:The main tributaries of the Karnali are
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351:127,950 km (49,400 sq mi)
1327:West Seti Hydroelectric Project (2007)
27:Asian river and tributary of the Ganges
14:
3019:
1616:Ghaghara River marked on OpenStreetMap
1270:Hydrology and Water Resources of India
1232:"Himalaya: Highest, Holy and Hijacked"
1174:, while the larger ones were known as
1043:. The Karnali supports the endangered
2636:
2076:
1642:
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1415:Himalayan rivers, lakes and glaciers
1411:
1121:The Sarda Sahayak Irrigation Project
978:adding citations to reliable sources
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575:near the source of the Karnali River
76:adding citations to reliable sources
47:
1634:Karnali Bridge in Far-Western Nepal
1514:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
921:
729:Administrative zones and districts
25:
3073:
1609:
843:Important towns in India include
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1621:Nepal River Conservation Trust:
1563:WASSA Project Reports, Volume 3
1311:Gautam, P., Fujiwara, Y. (2000)
950:
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52:
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1064:Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
599:, rises in the western part of
63:needs additional citations for
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1360:
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1321:
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1062:Other protected areas include
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302: • coordinates
13:
1:
2215:Tama Kosi or Rongshar Tsangpo
1273:. The Netherlands: Springer.
1213:
1144:
1109:
1023:herds, several deer species,
610:Cutting southward across the
260:3,962 m (12,999 ft)
222:Physical characteristics
3032:International rivers of Asia
2602:Inner Terai Valleys of Nepal
2031:Reservoirs and dams in India
560:is also known as Saryu river
493:, and the lower Ghaghara in
256: • elevation
174:Karnali (Ghaghara) river in
7:
2317:Trishuli or Kyirong Tsangpo
2210:Sun Kosi or Matsang Tsangpo
1584:"Sea and Inland Navigation"
1467:"The Karnali Zone of Nepal"
1412:Negi, Sharad Singh (1991).
1244:10.1007/978-3-319-32649-8_7
1191:
1176:
395: • location
343:1,080 km (670 mi)
282: • location
240: • location
10:
3078:
3027:Rivers of Karnali Province
1854:Inland lakes, deltas, etc.
1053:South Asian river dolphins
405: • average
369: • average
36:
29:
3037:Tributaries of the Ganges
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1088:environmental degradation
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1131:Lakhimpur Kheri district
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657:Ghaghra river in Sitapur
648:
453: • right
37:Not to be confused with
3062:Braided rivers in India
3042:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh
1203:List of rivers of India
1198:List of rivers of Nepal
548:Source of Karnali River
516:in Nepal and joins the
432: • left
208:Tibet Autonomous Region
1570:21 August 2007 at the
1102:
1076:Gangetic river dolphin
943:
942:Karnali River in Nepal
935:
658:
576:
561:
549:
2970:Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur
1588:www.indianscience.org
1521:: e.T41756A17627639.
1471:www.ancientworlds.net
1158:, the Sharda and the
1100:
941:
929:
656:
567:
555:
547:
324:25.75306°N 84.66639°E
2928:Lower Sharda Barrage
2165:Bhote Koshi or Boqu
2042:Rivers of Bangladesh
1559:Parajuli, U. (2003)
1503:Platanista gangetica
1080:Platanista gangetica
1013:Bardia National Park
974:improve this section
506:trans-boundary river
477:, also known as the
234:Mapchachungo Glacier
72:improve this article
2694:Ghaghara or Karnali
2302:Narayani or Gandaki
2008:Lakes of Bangladesh
1671:Indian subcontinent
1669:Hydrography of the
1488:Free-flowing rivers
1477:on 1 December 2008.
1301:on 20 January 2008.
1230:Pathak, S. (2016).
1127:Lower Sarda Barrage
512:, cuts through the
418:Basin features
320: /
39:Ghaggar-Hakra River
3052:Rivers in Buddhism
2607:Kali Gandaki Gorge
2190:Kosi or Sapta Kosi
1338:2011-07-24 at the
1103:
1070:Endangered species
1051:, a few remaining
944:
936:
899:and Mihinpurwa in
659:
620:Kali (or Mahakali)
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562:
556:Ghaghara River in
550:
329:25.75306; 84.66639
3014:
3013:
2896:Dams and barrages
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2844:
2630:
2629:
2396:
2395:
2373:Sarda or Mahakali
2348:Karnali or Ghagra
2148:Sapta Koshi basin
2070:
2069:
1931:Kerala backwaters
1623:The Karnali River
1280:978-1-4020-5179-1
1253:978-3-319-32648-1
1208:Battle of Ghaghra
1010:
1009:
1002:
930:Karnali River in
889:Saint Kabir Nagar
520:at Brahmaghat in
471:
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140:
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16:(Redirected from
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2388:West Rapti River
2277:East Rapti River
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2097:
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1972:Gulf of Khambhat
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1473:. Archived from
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1297:. Archived from
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1101:Gangetic dolphin
1086:Disturbance and
1045:mugger crocodile
1005:
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814:Sant Kabir Nagar
735:Karnali Province
569:Lake Manasarovar
497:is known as the
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56:
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21:
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3047:Rivers of Tibet
3017:
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3010:
2996:Sarasvati River
2974:
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2932:
2891:
2867:Chittaura Jheel
2857:Barua Sagar Tal
2841:
2770:
2704:
2670:
2661:
2631:
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2585:
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2512:
2416:
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2255:
2224:
2155:Arun or Bum-chu
2143:
2122:Mahananda basin
2110:
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1996:
1940:
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922:Protected areas
818:Lakhimpur Kheri
731:
691:
651:
542:
510:Tibetan Plateau
452:
447:, Chhoti Gandak
431:
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2979:Related topics
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1977:Gulf of Mannar
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1033:Himalayan tahr
1021:Asian elephant
1008:
1007:
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885:Siddharthnagar
834:Siwan district
770:Ambedkar Nagar
733:In Nepal, the
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475:Ghaghara River
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2775:South flowing
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2709:North flowing
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2668:Uttar Pradesh
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2581:Koshi Barrage
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2498:Salpa Pokhari
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2458:Gupha Pokhari
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2438:Bishazari Tal
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2326:Karnali basin
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2267:Budhi Gandaki
2265:
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2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
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2239:
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2229:Bagmati basin
2227:
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1993:
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1983:
1982:Laccadive Sea
1980:
1978:
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1967:Gulf of Kutch
1965:
1963:
1962:Bay of Bengal
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1886:Skeleton Lake
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1678:Inland rivers
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1601:Wafed - Nepal
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1018:
1017:Sivalik Hills
1014:
1004:
1001:
993:
983:
979:
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969:
968:
964:
959:This section
957:
953:
948:
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928:
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902:
901:Uttar Pradesh
898:
894:
893:Rajesultanpur
891:, Kamhariya,
890:
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866:
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698:Uttar Pradesh
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694:Chhoti Gandak
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679:Dhaulagiri II
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672:
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664:
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646:
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633:
629:
625:
624:Uttar Pradesh
621:
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612:Sivalik Hills
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593:Doti District
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479:Karnali River
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429:
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89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
32:Gogra, Ladakh
19:
2944:Ganges Canal
2913:Parichha Dam
2908:Matatila Dam
2887:Phulhar Lake
2622:Chatra Gorge
2617:Barun Valley
2483:Rani Pokhari
2468:Kubinde Daha
2463:Khaptad Lake
2411:Nepal portal
2347:
2312:Seti Gandaki
2297:Myagdi Khola
2282:Kali Gandaki
1952:Indian Ocean
1936:Pulicat Lake
1906:Saiful Muluk
1891:Chilika Lake
1881:Pookode Lake
1866:Ganges Delta
1861:Ganges Basin
1622:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1565:download pdf
1560:
1555:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1518:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1483:
1475:the original
1470:
1461:
1429:. Retrieved
1414:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1383:
1378:
1372:download pdf
1367:
1362:
1351:
1346:
1333:download pdf
1328:
1323:
1317:download pdf
1312:
1307:
1299:the original
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1235:
1186:
1182:
1171:
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1118:
1104:
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972:Please help
960:
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732:
716:
693:
692:
660:
636:
609:
578:
518:Sharda River
499:Sarayu River
498:
486:
478:
474:
472:
149:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
2991:Charmanwati
2918:Rajghat Dam
2882:Raja Ka Tal
2682:Main rivers
2664:Hydrography
2612:Western Cwm
2544:Lhotse Shar
2428:Begnas Lake
2383:Thuli Bheri
2343:Budhi Ganga
2292:Marshyangdi
2139:Ratua Khola
2104:Hydrography
1992:Palk Strait
1957:Arabian Sea
1916:Nizam Sagar
1901:Borith Lake
1871:Indus Delta
1705:Brahmaputra
1534:13 November
1449:|work=
689:Tributaries
675:Uttarakhand
466:Budhi Ganga
460:, Dahawar,
423:Tributaries
327: /
3021:Categories
2949:Agra Canal
2923:Rihand Dam
2877:Moti Jheel
2837:West Rapti
2524:Ambulapcha
2453:Gosaikunda
2433:Bharat Tal
2180:Imja Khola
2001:Categories
1926:Malampuzha
1911:Gosaikunda
1896:Lake Powai
1700:Bhagirathi
1214:References
1145:Navigation
1110:Irrigation
869:Barhalganj
706:Right bank
671:Nanda Devi
663:Dhaulagiri
643:sandstones
639:siltstones
616:West Rapti
601:Dhaulagiri
589:Seti River
348:Basin size
315:84°39′59″E
312:25°45′11″N
98:newspapers
87:"Ghaghara"
2986:Aciravati
2862:Belasagar
2741:Karmanasa
2597:Gorakshep
2508:Imja Tsho
2478:Phoksundo
2251:Lakhandei
2241:Bisnumati
2200:Sangkhuwa
2185:Indravati
2170:Dudh Kosi
2062:Sri Lanka
2035:Sri Lanka
2024:Sri Lanka
1815:Sarasvati
1785:Mahananda
1507:gangetica
1451:ignored (
1441:cite book
1418:. Indus.
990:July 2019
961:does not
877:Gorakhpur
857:Barabanki
845:Akabarpur
810:Gorakhpur
786:Barabanki
683:Himalayas
585:elevation
514:Himalayas
503:perennial
386:Discharge
360:Discharge
287:Revelganj
128:June 2013
3057:Ghaghara
2817:Ramganga
2696:(Sarayu)
2558:Icefalls
2549:Ngozumpa
2517:Glaciers
2353:Kalapani
2272:Daraundi
2058:Pakistan
2020:Pakistan
1987:Palk Bay
1876:Dal Lake
1790:Mahaweli
1780:Mahanadi
1740:Ghaghara
1725:Godavari
1568:Archived
1388:Abstract
1356:Abstract
1336:Archived
1192:See also
1055:and the
853:Bahraich
798:Bahraich
782:Azamgarh
195:Location
155:Ghaghara
2958:Bridges
2872:Keetham
2812:Kukrail
2721:Chambal
2503:Tilicho
2363:Panjang
2236:Bagmati
1945:Coastal
1820:Sankosh
1800:Narmada
1770:Krishna
1730:Gandaki
1720:Damodar
1710:Chambal
1685:Bagmati
1049:gharial
982:removed
967:sources
934:, Nepal
909:Sonepur
881:Sitapur
849:Ayodhya
826:Sitapur
774:Ayodhya
755:Kalikot
711:monsoon
632:Chhapra
605:Surkhet
558:Ayodhya
501:, is a
200:Country
158:Karnali
112:scholar
43:Ghaghra
2937:Canals
2832:Varuna
2827:Sharda
2802:Hindon
2751:Rihand
2736:Kanhar
2726:Dhasan
2700:Yamuna
2689:Ganges
2675:Rivers
2565:Khumbu
2539:Khumbu
2368:Rohini
2246:Kamala
2134:Kankai
2115:Rivers
2046:Bhutan
1845:Yamuna
1835:Sutlej
1825:Sharda
1795:Meghna
1760:Kaveri
1750:Jhelum
1735:Ganges
1715:Chenab
1431:29 May
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1177:Katris
1172:always
1154:, the
1152:Yamuna
1047:, the
1029:nilgai
907:, and
865:Deoria
802:Deoria
794:Ballia
618:, the
540:Course
534:Yamuna
526:Ganges
441:Kuwana
426:
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340:Length
275:Ganges
231:Source
160:Sarayu
114:
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2850:Lakes
2822:Rohni
2797:Gomti
2792:Gaula
2787:Babai
2756:Sindh
2731:Jamni
2716:Betwa
2529:Hunku
2473:Phewa
2448:Gokyo
2421:Lakes
2338:Bheri
2333:Babai
2220:Tamor
2205:Siswa
2195:Sabha
2175:Hongu
2160:Barun
2129:Mechi
2108:Nepal
2054:Nepal
2050:India
2016:Nepal
2012:India
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1805:Padma
1745:Indus
1695:Betwa
1505:ssp.
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1115:India
1106:Sal.
1041:goral
1037:serow
932:Humla
913:Bihar
905:Siwan
897:Tanda
873:Gonda
861:Basti
838:Bihar
806:Gonda
790:Basti
778:Gonda
751:Jumla
747:Humla
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739:Jumla
723:Bheri
702:Bihar
667:Nepal
649:Basin
628:Bihar
597:Bheri
581:Tibet
573:Tibet
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1690:Beas
1536:2021
1519:2012
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