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150:. Germplasm resources are a way to conserve the pre-existing biological diversity and to possibly regenerate habitats. By storing this genetic information there is data about what species are present including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi and what a complete ecosystem in specific areas look like.
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As genetic information moves largely online there is a transition in germplasm information from a physical location (seed banks, cryopreserving) to online platforms containing genetic sequences. In addition there are issues in the collection germplasm information and where they are shared.
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In the United States, germplasm resources are regulated by the
National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), created by the U.S. congress in 1990. In addition the web server The Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) provides information about germplasms as they pertain to agriculture
61:. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection. Germplasm collection is important for the maintenance of biological diversity, food security, and conservation efforts.
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Historically some germplasm information had been collected in developing countries and then shared to researchers who then sell the donor country the original germplasm that they altered. There is a lack of compensation to the donor countries and this is an issue.
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About 10,000 years ago is when humans began to domesticate plant species for the purpose of food, seeds, and vegetation. Since then, agriculture has been a staple for human civilizations and plant breeding has allowed more
118:. Cryopreservation is the process of storing germplasm at very low temperatures, such as liquid nitrogen. This process ensures that cells do not degrade and keeps the germplasm intact. In addition, resources can be stored
100:, which is DNA sequence information, or live cells/tissues that can be preserved. However, only about 5% of current germplasm resources are living samples. For live cells/tissues, germplasm resources can be stored
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which holds > 450,000 accessions with 10,000 species of the 85 most commonly grown crops. Many accessions held are international species, and NPGS distributes germplasm resources internationally.
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and bringing about new varieties. In addition, researchers are looking at crop wild relatives (CWRs) that could expand gene pools of crop species and provide more ability to select target traits.
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event that is caused by human activities and industrialization. Many plants and animals have gone extinct due to losing their habitat, their habitat being degraded with contaminants, and
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In the United States, germplasm resources are regulated by the
National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP), created by the U.S. congress in 1990. In addition the web server The
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Effective
Germplasm work includes the collection, storage, analysis, documentation, and exchange of genetic information. This information can be stored as
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and a more diverse gene pool. Germplasm resources allow for more genetic assets to be used and integrated for agricultural systems for
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Merritt, David J.; Hay, Fiona R.; Swarts, Nigel D.; Sommerville, Karen D.; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Herendeen, Editor: Patrick S. (2014).
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such as seeds, tissues, and DNA sequences that are maintained for the purpose of
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221:. AMS (Bioversity's Regional Office for the Americas), IPGRI. Archived from
382:"USDA ERS - Plant Genetic Resources: New Rules for International Exchange"
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International Treaty on Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
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437:"Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm"
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Plant
Genetic Resources: New Rules for International Exchange
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A Guide to
Effective Management of Germplasm Collections
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Global resources and productivity: questions and answers
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DAD-IS: Domestic Animal
Diversity Information System
160:Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture
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122:such as the natural area the species was found.
266:Engels, J.M.M. and L. Visser, editors. (2003).
527:Bioversity International: Germplasm Collection
355:Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
532:Bioversity International: Germplasm Databases
32:Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria
218:Issues on gene flow and germplasm management
170:Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
82:U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS)
542:Bioversity International: Germplasm Health
272:. CABI, IFPRI, IPGRI, SGRP. Archived from
299:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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516:Germplasm Resources Information Network
441:International Journal of Plant Sciences
206:Day-Rubenstein, K and Heisey, P. 2003.
142:Furthermore, we are currently facing a
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75:Germplasm Resources Information Network
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80:Specifically for plants, there is the
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384:. 2016-10-18. Archived from
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257:Economic Research Service.
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310:Primer Germplasm Resources
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522:Bioversity International
412:"Germplasm Conservation"
175:Forest genetic resources
19:Not to be confused with
185:Plant genetic resources
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30:Germplasm bank of the
562:Developmental biology
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567:Conservation biology
165:Conservation biology
126:Conservation efforts
144:biodiversity crisis
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65:production.
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190:Seed saving
556:Categories
421:2023-03-12
392:2023-03-22
365:2023-02-08
361:, USDA NAL
338:2023-02-08
316:References
308:SeedQuest
229:2007-12-12
201:References
195:Germ plasm
108:seed banks
98:accessions
69:Regulation
59:gene banks
55:seed banks
41:refers to
21:germ plasm
461:1058-5893
282:cite book
238:cite book
39:Germplasm
513:USDA-ARS
477:53319038
154:See also
120:in situ
103:ex situ
518:(GRIN)
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305:174 p.
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473:S2CID
465:JSTOR
359:(PDF)
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