German Shepherd - Knowledge

1118: 1078: 4795: 682: 566: 436:. Fathering many pups, Horand's most prolific was Hektor von Schwaben. Hektor was inbred with another of Horand's offspring and produced Heinz von Starkenburg, Beowulf, and Pilot, who later sired a total of 84 pups, mostly through being inbred with Hektor's other offspring. This inbreeding was deemed necessary in order to fix the traits being sought in the breed. Beowulf's progeny also were inbred and it is from these pups that all German Shepherds draw a genetic link. It is believed the society accomplished its goal mostly due to von Stephanitz's strong, uncompromising leadership and he is therefore credited with being the creator of the German Shepherd Dog. 5416: 1344: 1336: 1235: 77: 1102: 1044:, all of the dogs trained were German Shepherd females. An experiment in temperament testing of a group of Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds showed that the Retrievers scored higher on average in emotional stability, ability to recover promptly from frightening situations, cooperative behaviour and friendliness; while the German Shepherds were superior in aggression and defensive behaviour. These results suggested that Labrador Retrievers were more suited to guide dog work while German Shepherds were more suited to police work. 694: 738: 646: 1327:, lameness, and potentially osteoarthritis of the joint. A North American study analysing more than 1,000,000 hip and 250,000 elbow scans in dogs over the age of two found the German Shepherd Dog to have a rate of hip and elbow dysplasia to be 18.9% and 17.8% respectively. The German Shepherd had the 8th highest rate of hip dysplasia and 6th highest rate of elbow dysplasia. Another North American study found 10.26% of German Shepherd Dogs surveyed at teaching hospitals to have hip dysplasia, compared to 3.52% overall. 866: 1413: 895: 507: 5404: 1090: 670: 1139: 603:. The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range. They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose. The eyes are medium-sized and brown. The ears are large and stand erect, open at the front and parallel, but they often are pulled back during movement. A German Shepherd has a long neck, which is raised when excited and lowered when moving at a fast pace as well as stalking. The tail is bushy and reaches to the 949: 358: 658: 1193: 922: 5428: 804: 397:, an ex-cavalry captain and former student of the Berlin Veterinary College, was an ex-member of the Phylax Society who firmly believed dogs should be bred for working. He admired the intelligence, strength and ability of Germany's native sheepdogs, but could not find any one single breed that satisfied him as the perfect working dog. 1000:. They are known for being easy to train and good for performing tasks and following instructions. They are especially well known for their police work, being used for tracking criminals, patrolling troubled areas and detection and holding of suspects. Additionally, thousands of German Shepherds have been used by the military. These 373: 1051:

are more widely used for this work, although there are still German Shepherds being trained. In 2013, about 15% of the dogs trained by Guide Dogs of America were German Shepherds, while the remainder are Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association in the United

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would affect the breed's popularity and legality. The name Alsatian remained for five decades, until 1977, when successful campaigns by dog enthusiasts pressured the British kennel clubs to allow the breed to be registered again as German Shepherds. The word "Alsatian" once appeared in parentheses as

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German Shepherds are moderately active dogs and are described in breed standards as self assured. The breed is marked by a willingness to learn and an eagerness to have a purpose. They are curious, which makes them excellent guard dogs and suitable for search missions. They can become overprotective

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During the 1890s, attempts were being made to standardise dog breeds. Dogs were being bred to preserve traits that assisted in their job of herding sheep and protecting their flocks from predators. In Germany this was practised within local communities, where shepherds selected and bred dogs. It was

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German Shepherds are still used for herding and tending sheep grazing in meadows next to gardens and crop fields. They are expected to patrol the boundaries to keep sheep from trespassing and damaging the crops. In Germany and other places these skills are tested in utility dog trials also known as

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The White Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States. White-coated German Shepherds were once banned from registration in their native Germany, but in the United States and Canada the coloration gained a following and a breed club was formed specifically for white German

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The Shiloh Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States. It was developed in the 1970s and 1980s to correct behavioural and conformational issues that have been bred into modern German Shepherds, and was bred for its large size, length of back, temperament and soundness of

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acquired a German Shepherd named "Prinz" in 1921, during his years of poverty, but he had been forced to lodge the dog elsewhere. However, she managed to escape and return to him. Hitler, who adored the loyalty and obedience of the dog, thereafter developed a great liking for the breed. Hitler kept

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and 12.7 years for purebreds; a 2022 UK study using veterinary records found a life expectancy of 10.16 years compared to 11.23 overall and 11.82 for crossbreeds; in Italy a 2024 study found a life expectancy of 10 years, the same as the overall but less than the 11 year average for crossbreeds; a

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Popularity increased again after Sieger Pfeffer von Bern became the 1937 and 1938 Grand Victor in American Kennel club dog shows, only to have another decline at the conclusion of World War II, due to anti-German sentiment. Popularity increased gradually until 1993, when they became the third most

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In 1899, von Stephanitz was attending a dog show when he was shown a dog named Hektor Linksrhein. Hektor was the product of few generations of selective breeding and completely fulfilled what von Stephanitz believed a working dog should be. He was pleased with the strength of the dog and

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was formed in 1891 with the intention of creating standardised development plans for native dog breeds in Germany. The society disbanded after only three years due to ongoing internal conflicts regarding the traits in dogs that the society should promote; some members believed dogs should be bred

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Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;

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was produced in 1975, which was loosely based on the actual dog's story, setting the events more than a decade after the real Kántor died. It became one of the staple productions of Hungarian television history, making German Shepherds the most popular dog breed in the country ever since. The

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recognised that the breed had the necessary skills for herding sheep, such as intelligence, speed, strength and keen senses of smell. The results were dogs that were able to do such things, but that differed significantly, both in appearance and ability, from one locality to another.

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varieties. The all-black and sable varieties are acceptable according to most standards; however, the blue and liver are considered to be serious faults and the all-white is grounds for instant disqualification from showing in conformation at All Breed and Specialty Shows.

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While an Australian report from 1999 provides statistics showing that German Shepherds are the breed third most likely to attack a person in some Australian locales, once their popularity is taken into account, the percentages of attacks by German Shepherds drops to 38th.

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are debilitating conditions that are often associated with genetic makeup, malnutrition, and stress-related events. Some breeds like the German Shepherd, are predisposed to a variety of different skeletal disorders, including but not limited to: canine hip dysplasia,

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detection and mine detection dog, among others. They are suited for these lines of work because of their keen sense of smell and their ability to work regardless of distractions. At one time the German Shepherd was the breed chosen almost exclusively to be used as a

498:. The reputation of the German Shepherds as a dangerous breed had grown to such an extent that it was briefly banned to import them in Australia in 1929. Potential legislation was even considered to require that all German shepherds in South Australia be sterilised. 815:'s original ideology that German Shepherds should be bred primarily as working dogs and that breeding should be strictly controlled to eliminate defects quickly. He believed that, above all else, German Shepherds should be bred for intelligence and working ability. 838:

The Kennel Club's position is that "this issue of soundness is not a simple difference of opinion, it is the fundamental issue of the breed's essential conformation and movement." The Kennel Club has decided to retrain judges to penalise dogs with these problems.

826:, in the United Kingdom, is involved in a dispute with German Shepherd breed clubs about the issue of soundness in the show strain of the breed. Some show strains have been bred with an extremely roached topline (back) that causes poor gait in the hind legs. 622:

and UK Kennel Clubs while it can compete with standard-coated dogs, but is considered a fault, in the American Kennel Club. The FCI accepted the long-haired type in 2010, listing it as the variety b, while the short-haired type is listed as the variety a.

980:) is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in Switzerland. It descends from the American White Shepherds; the first stud dog of what was to become the breed was an American dog born in 1966 and imported to Switzerland. The variety was recognised by the 1204:

accepted registrations in 1919, 54 German Shepherds were registered. By 1926 this number had grown to over 8000. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. Returning soldiers spoke highly of the breed and animal actors

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popularised the breed further. The first German Shepherd Dog registered in the United States was Queen of Switzerland. Her offspring had defects as the result of poor breeding, which caused the breed to decline in popularity during the late 1920s.

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popular breed in the United States. As of 2016, the German Shepherd is the second most popular breed in the US. It is typically among the most frequently registered breeds in other countries. It was the third-most registered breed by the

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is 60–65 cm (24–26 in) for males, and 55–60 cm (22–24 in) for females. German Shepherds can reach sprinting speeds of up to 30 miles per hour. Shepherds are longer than they are tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to

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With the rise of large, industrialised cities in Germany, the predator population began to decline, rendering sheepdogs unnecessary. At the same time, the awareness of sheepdogs as a versatile, intelligent class of canine began to rise.

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of their family and territory, especially if not socialised correctly. They are not inclined to become immediate friends with strangers. German Shepherds are highly intelligent and obedient, as well as protective of their owners.

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with the purpose of creating a larger, more cold-resistant version of the German Shepherd. It lacks the physical deformities bred into western show lines of German Shepherds and has become one of Russia's most popular dog types.

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disorder in the German Shepherd dog for a long time. The condition causes growth retardation. The puppy coat is retained into adulthood and guard hairs fail to fully develop outside of the distal extremities. Eventually full

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Multiple studies have found the life expectancy of the German Shepherd to be lower than that of the overall life expectancy found in the study: a 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.3 years, compared to 12 years for

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2005 study in Sweden based on insurance data found 51% of German Shepherd dogs died by the age of 10, lower than the overall rate of 10 year survival at 35%. A 2015 French study found a life expectancy of 10.08 years.

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solely for working purposes, while others believed dogs should be bred also for appearance. While unsuccessful in their goal, the Phylax Society had inspired people to pursue standardising dog breeds independently.

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Steffen, F.; Hunold, K.; Scharf, G.; Roos, M.; Flückiger, M. (2007). "A follow-up study of neurologic and radiographic findings in working German Shepherd Dogs with and without degenerative lumbosacral stenosis".

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Witsberger, Tige H.; Villamil, J. Armando; Schultz, Loren G.; Hahn, Allen W.; Cook, James L. (15 June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs".

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Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011).

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During the first half of the twentieth century, the breed came to be strongly identified with Imperial and Nazi Germany, because of its association with purity and militarism. German Shepherds were coveted as

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As Max von Stephanitz stated, 'A pleasing appearance is desirable, but it can not put the dog's working ability into question.' Max pounded the issue that the German Shepherd was a working breed first and

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No. 92 (July 1955) Once Superman had a dog, Batman got one too, in 'Ace, the Bat-Hound!' In the story by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff, Batman and Robin found a German Shepherd called Ace.

4290:"A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK" 1370:

have been shown to be carriers of the mutation, explaining the spread and prevalence of the disorder. This condition has been observed in breeds that were crossed with German Shepherd dogs such as the

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duty, and they are used to warn soldiers to the presence of enemies or of booby traps or other hazards. German Shepherds have also been trained by military groups to parachute from aircraft or as

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Bailey, Chad M.; Hinchcliff, Katharine M.; Moore, Zachary; Pu, Lee L.Q. (November 2020). "Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature".

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When the German Shepherd was introduced to the United States it was initially a popular dog. But as the dogs' popularity grew, it became associated as a dangerous breed owned by gangsters and

618:, and therefore the long-haired variety is rarer. Treatment of the long-haired variation differs across standards; it is accepted but does not compete against standard-coated dogs under the 409:(Society for German Shepherd Dogs). Horand was declared to be the first German Shepherd Dog, and was the first dog added to the society's breed register. In just a few decades of the 886:

The King Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States, its breeders hoping to rectify the physical deformities that have been bred into the original breed.

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is the star of an Austrian Police procedural drama program of the same name, which won many awards, where German Shepherd Rex assists the Vienna Kriminalpolizei homicide unit.

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found that from 1971 to 2018, of all pure breed dogs in the United States, the German Shepherd was responsible for the most bites severe enough to require hospital treatment.

1968:(1999 – March 25, 2012), used by the United States Marine Corps in Iraq and later adopted by the family of a soldier who died in a rocket attack while serving as his handler 3158: 1077: 3751: 3640: 1404:

Untreated dogs usually live between 3-5 years. Dogs that undergo treatment can live healthily for several years but are still unlikely to have a normal life expectancy.

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Kingdom trains some German Shepherds, while the comparable organisation in the US only trains Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and crosses between these breeds.

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Horand became the center-point of the breeding programs and was bred with dogs belonging to other society members that displayed desirable traits and with dogs from

4456:"Skeletal morpohology and morphometry of the lumbosacral junction in German shepherd dogs and an evaluation of the possible genetic basis for radiographic findings" 520:, by von Stephanitz, translating to "German Shepherd Dog". At the time, all other herding dogs in Germany were referred to by this name; they thus became known as 1485: 3862: 1101: 1323:(CHD) is the abnormal formation of the hip joint and surrounding tissue causing instability and partial dislocation of the hip joint, resulting in pain, 4214: 3400: 5360: 1282:

gene. A small study in the UK showed 16% of young asymptomatic German Shepherds to be homozygous for the mutation, with a further 38% being carriers.

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was so taken by the animal's intelligence, loyalty, and beauty, that he purchased him immediately. After purchasing the dog he changed his name to

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and black body markings which can range from a classic "saddle" to an overall "blanket". Rarer colour variations include sable, pure-black,

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Many common ailments of the German Shepherd are a result of the inbreeding practised early in the breed's life. One such common ailment is

2530: 1859:(died 2000), 14 January 2003 for service in April 1998 in apprehending a gunman and in crowd control during protection of refugees in the 5194: 2715: 1948: 1459: 415:'s establishment, the breed became one of the world's most popular and numerous, a position it has maintained to this day. By 1923, the 6179: 1339:

Two Karelian Bear Dogs at 10 months of age, left is an unaffected littermate and on the right is a bitch affected by pituitary dwarfism

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McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).

3122: 2025:– April 2009), Canadian police dog that discovered the last survivor of the 11 September 2001 attacks in New York City, United States 1258:

found that 45% of the police working dogs were affected by degenerative spinal stenosis, although a small sample size was used. The

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The German Shepherd is one of the most widely used breeds in a wide variety of scent-work roles. These include search and rescue,

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which is close and dense with a thick undercoat. The coat is accepted in two variants: medium and long. The gene for long hair is

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Eventually, the appendage "wolf dog" was dropped, after numerous campaigns by breeders who were worried that becoming known as a

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at the end of the Second World War. Dogs played a role in Nazi propaganda by portraying Hitler as an animal lover. Preparing for

681: 5778: 5320: 2738: 1661: 4662:"A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs" 3648: 3610: 2770: 2659: 235: 5460: 5203: 5101: 5056: 4945: 4773: 4643: 4272: 4263:

Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).

3799: 3735: 3624: 3593: 2606: 2400: 2375: 2350: 1720: 1703:(1939–1953), 28 January 1949 for war service in North Africa and England and post-war assistance in an escape from communist 1641:(1941 – 29 April 1945), Hitler's pet on which he tested the cyanide capsules he later consumed to commit suicide, killing her 573: 406: 252: 2188: 6063: 1676: 779: 3670: 3194: 2556: 17: 5325: 5273: 4397:"Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German shepherd dogs" 2864: 2743: 1108: 762: 1527:(January 1, 1895 – after 1899), considered the first German Shepherd and the genetic basis for modern German Shepherds 545:

of the era. The breed was officially renamed by the UK Kennel Club to "Alsatian Wolf Dog", after the French region of

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Ellie and Jones (Shepherd mixes), 22 August 2013 for saving their owner who collapsed and lost consciousness due to

3946: 1846: 4874:"Kántor: a leghíresebb magyar rendőrkutya története (Kántor: the history of the most famous Hungarian police dog)" 1071:" in Mexico. He is regarded to be the dog who has captured the most drugs in Mexican police and military history. 42: 2417: 1895:

Anya, 6 July 2010 for service as a British police dog in defending an officer from a knife attack in January 2008

1544:(September 1918 – 10 August 1932), Rin Tin Tin Jr., and Rin Tin Tin III, featured in Hollywood films of 1922–1947 904: 2970: 693: 565: 5034: 4891: 3873: 3236: 3228: 3030: 2954: 2689: 2446: 1490: 645: 4918: 3548: 3408: 2273: 542: 5374: 4029:

Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022).

1382:. Pituitary dwarfism in other dog breeds (excluding those with German Shepherd ancestry) is extremely rare. 3253: 1798: 1755: 4634:

Feldman, Edward C.; Nelson, Richard W.; Reusch, Claudia; Scott-Moncrieff, J. Catharine (8 December 2014).

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Shepherds, calling their variety the White Shepherd. The variety is recognised as a separate breed by the

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While the dog should be approachable and friendly, he does not make immediate friendships with strangers.

1860: 1826: 1790: 1741: 774: 1729:, 12 January 1945 for rescuing people trapped under destroyed buildings in civil defence service in the 1089: 541:, it was believed that the inclusion of the word "German" would harm the breed's popularity, due to the 5771: 5529: 5524: 5394: 1814: 1652: 1343: 1335: 729:, as they are able to quickly learn various tasks and interpret instructions better than other breeds. 717:

ranked the breed in second place. Coupled with their strength, this trait makes the breed desirable as

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Ondreka, N.; Amort, K.H.; Stock, K.F.; Tellhelm, B.; Klumpp, S.W.; Kramer, M.; Schmidt, M.J. (2013).

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The Intelligence of Dogs: A Guide to the Thoughts, Emotions, and Inner Lives of our Canine Companions

1920: 1794: 1767:, 2 March 1945 for locating air-raid casualties in thick smoke in a burning building in civil service 38: 5278: 1744:, April 1945 for locating casualties in thick smoke in burning buildings in civil service in England 1234: 6153: 5559: 5544: 4820: 3700: 2062: 1919:

Gage (died 13 July 2010), 22 August 2013 (posthumously) for service as a police dog in a suburb of

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occurs. The degree of growth retardation and other clinical symptoms varies between affected dogs.

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Investigations into the genealogy in 1978 found the mutation evolved in 1940 or earlier. Multiple

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in the 1950s and early 1960s, later portrayed in fictionalized versions for novels and television

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in the 1950s and early 1960s. After his death his story was fictionalised by two crime novels by

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Hand, M.; Thatcher, C.; Remillard, R.; Roudebush, P. (2000). "Small animal clinical nutrition".

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A common breed club's goal for German Shepherd body conformity, criticised by the UK Kennel Club

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Most commonly, German Shepherds are either tan/black or red/black. Most colour varieties have

6189: 5923: 5803: 5764: 1899: 1759: 1672: 1668: 1398: 1310: 1001: 831: 726: 657: 247: 4516:"Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds" 669: 6068: 6053: 6038: 5908: 5873: 5868: 5446: 4673: 4527: 4408: 4042: 3977: 3847: 3616: 3353: 3298: 1320: 1255: 1219: 1161: 1040:. When formal guide dog training began in Switzerland in the 1920s under the leadership of 76: 3133: 3001:"German Shepherd Dog and Puppy Training Tips from the German Shepherd Dog Club of America" 2839: 1953: 1464: 1449:, initially in 1955, through 1964. From 1964 onwards, his appearances have been sporadic. 8: 6184: 6078: 5843: 5823: 5813: 5664: 5615: 4757: 1553: 1524: 1446: 1355: 1157: 1024: 1012:. They were used in World War II as messenger dogs, rescue dogs and personal guard dogs. 755: 421:

claimed 50,000 dues-paying members in more than 500 branches in Germany alone.

402: 365: 264: 4677: 4531: 4412: 4046: 4006: 3981: 3965: 3478: 3375: 6018: 5993: 5729: 5643: 5299: 5243: 4873: 4765: 4704: 4661: 4558: 4515: 4431: 4396: 4332: 4319: 4245: 4190: 4155: 4071: 4030: 3104: 2496: 2479: 2463: 2031:(died 2000s), used by Mexican military and police forces for detection of illegal drugs 1923:, defending an officer in an attack by a man with a rifle (in which the dog was killed) 1571: 1565: 1375: 1367: 931: 812: 792: 619: 394: 361: 307: 2894: 1884:

Ajax, 11 June 2013 for service in the civil guard that saved lives by detection of an

6123: 6113: 6093: 6008: 5973: 5943: 5858: 5808: 5306: 5250: 5218: 5199: 5178: 5171: 5154: 5135: 5116: 5097: 5077: 5052: 5030: 5009: 4769: 4709: 4691: 4639: 4607: 4599: 4563: 4545: 4477: 4436: 4324: 4268: 4237: 4195: 4177: 4136: 4128: 4076: 4058: 4011: 3993: 3928: 3795: 3791: 3731: 3620: 3589: 3232: 3108: 3096: 3063: 2950: 2812: 2602: 2598: 2536: 2494:"The police dog situation: Ban on police dogs in Queens urged by magistrate Conway". 2442: 2396: 2371: 2346: 2296: 2145: 2124: 1850: 1581: 1442: 1371: 1297:. It is estimated that 1% of the UK population of German Shepherds has this disease. 1037: 476: 330: 5714: 5330: 4846: 4336: 4249: 4113: 4096: 3222: 2940: 2748: 1148:

deal primarily with the United Kingdom and the United States and do not represent a

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Dogwise: The Natural way to Train your Dog (1992), John Fisher Souvenir Press Ltd.

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An adult Karelian Bear Dog bitch with pituitary dwarfism displaying severe alopecia

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part of the formal breed name of the American Kennel Club and was removed in 2010.

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stated in 2005 that Blondi's death had affected the people in the bunker more than

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The East-European Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the former

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German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs. The breed standard height at the

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Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).

3869: 3092: 2196: 2105: 2050: 1878: 1842: 1831: 1785:– 2006), 5 March 2002 on behalf of all search and rescue dogs that served at the 1680: 1648: 1559: 1550:(7 September 1921 – after October 1928), featured in Hollywood films of 1923–1927 1547: 1247: 1223: 1201: 1028: 965: 957: 823: 811:

The modern German Shepherd breed is criticised by experts for straying away from

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Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014).

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as a separate breed in 2003, and it is now recognised by a number of national

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Awards in the original 1943–1949 series for service in the Second World War

1612:, sometimes identified as Rando, police dog later featured in the 1989 film 5933: 5883: 5798: 5756: 5689: 5554: 5491: 5403: 4713: 4611: 4567: 4481: 4440: 4328: 4309: 4241: 4199: 4140: 4080: 4015: 3932: 3577:

Independent Vision: Dorothy Harrison Eustis and the Story of the Seeing Eye

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that protected a security guard and the public by fighting with an escaped

1939: 1864: 1775: 1730: 1691: 1687: 1324: 1068: 874: 468: 447: 372: 280: 4731: 3819: 2345:. Foreword by Klaus P. Fischer. New York, NY & London, UK: Continuum. 1427:

became one of the earliest canine film stars, and was followed in 1922 by

1250:

which may cause the dog to experience pain later on in life and may cause

577: 6103: 5787: 5669: 5610: 5574: 5420: 5044: 4215:"Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds" 2978: 2274:"Breeding racism: The imperial battlefields of the 'German' shepherd dog" 2009: 2005: 2000: 1971: 1822: 1803: 1764: 1751: 1735: 1700: 1644: 1609: 1541: 1538:(1 October 1917 – 24 June 1929), featured in Hollywood films of 1921–1927 1535: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1210: 1206: 997: 985: 843: 495: 472: 318: 303: 4123: 3950: 1928:

Other military, police, search-and-rescue, and institutional guard dogs

1750:, 27 March 1945 for rescuing a drowning soldier in November 1944 in the 1624:

Rex, protagonist of the Austrian-Italian comedy-drama television series

6108: 5724: 5719: 5699: 5564: 3752:"Armas de Versace, rubíes y diamantes: el lujo de los narcos mexicanos" 1931: 1905: 1709: 1614: 1274:

The German Shepherd Dog is one of the breeds more commonly affected by

784: 718: 611: 334: 191: 4658: 4154:

Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005).

3516:"How to choose the perfect dog to fit your lifestyle, family and home" 1423:

German Shepherds have been featured in a wide range of media. In 1921

948: 6023: 5853: 5833: 5674: 5605: 4213:

Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015).

3863:"Top Twenty Breeds in Registration Order for the Years 2015 and 2016" 2163:

Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds

2108:(in German). Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Accessed July 2020. 1992: 1965: 1935: 1909: 1656: 1575: 1505: 1251: 1033: 1020: 722: 534: 480: 429: 425: 357: 299: 3447: 3038: 1262:

found that 19.1% of German Shepherd are affected by hip dysplasia.

483:'s suicide. German Shepherds were also used widely as guard dogs at 6088: 6083: 5988: 5709: 5704: 5679: 5365: 4973:"Finn receives PDSA Gold Medal at PDSA's first ever music festival" 4514:

Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017).

3966:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death" 3531: 3529: 1562:, grandson of Strongheart, featured in Hollywood films of 1934–1938 1509: 1360: 1294: 1192: 921: 788: 569: 471:

to test a cyanide capsule on Blondi, and the dog died as a result.

4633: 5625: 5597: 5470: 3261: 2028: 1979: 1975: 1959: 1889: 1470: 1267: 1060: 585: 122: 5245:

Training the Alsatian, the Obedient Companion or Working Partner

3526: 325:. It has since been used in many other types of work, including 6003: 5878: 5549: 5511: 3435: 2576:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2022. 2477:"German shepherds owned by bootleggers: Kill dog in dry raid". 2343:

Animals in the Third Reich: Pets, scapegoats, and the holocaust

2012:, suggested as a candidate replacement for Rin Tin Tin in films 1987: 1943: 1638: 1585: 1438: 1386: 1064: 546: 452: 349:

had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.

5215:

The German Shepherd Dog: Its History, Development and Genetics

4494: 3719: 3423: 803: 533:

The direct translation of the name was adopted for use in the

475:, a nurse who worked at the emergency casualty station in the 5478: 5272:

German Shepherd Dog Council of Australia in conjunction with

4580: 4153: 4097:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy" 2015: 1508:

mount of Kántor's body is on display at the Police Museum in

1390: 322: 3963: 2917: 6033: 4373: 4093: 1825:

for explosives and insurgent detection until injured by an

1818: 1394: 1354:, also known as pituitary dwarfism has been known to be an 1279: 5198:. Revised by Schwabacher, Joseph. Hoflin Publishing Ltd. 4453: 3949:. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. 2009. Archived from 2512:"Ban on Police Dogs in Queens Urged by Magistrate Conway" 1888:

bomb near a guard barracks site on the Spanish island of

846:

and hip dysplasia, other common problems with the breed.

4028: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 1853:

in 1949–1952 (the only surviving dog of a four-dog team)

1841:), 6 February 2007 for anti-insurgency service with the 1285:

German Shepherds have a higher-than-normal incidence of

713:. In a list of breeds most likely to bark as watchdogs, 4212: 3909: 3498: 3496: 3285: 3283: 3078: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2120:

Neonatologie beim Hund: Von der Geburt bis zum Absetzen

1393:

genes are responsible for the defect a mutation in the

5094:

Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds

4584:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

3913:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

3725: 1813:– 20 January 2018), 5 April 2016 for service with the 1568:, featured in Hollywood films and serials of 1938–1946 1515: 1056:

Herdengebrauchshund (HGH) herding utility dog trials.

201:

Tan with black saddle, sable, solid black or bi-colour

5392: 5169:

Strickland, Winifred Gibson; Moses, James A. (1998).

4513: 2307: 1556:(born 1924), featured in Hollywood films of 1924–1928 5265:"Extended Breed Standard of The German Shepherd Dog" 4738: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4287: 4041:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. 3891: 3493: 3459: 3393: 3368: 3280: 2718:. United Schutzhund Clubs of America. Archived from 2574:

FCI breeds nomenclature: Deutscher Schäferhund (166)

2461:"Being the fashionable dog: Not mad, only natural", 2203: 1719:– October 1955), 29 March 1947 for service with the 1499:. A five-part thriller series for television titled 996:

German Shepherds are a popular selection for use as

306:

of medium to large size. The breed was developed by

3976:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. 2319: 1063:, was dissected and his body put on display at the 5298: 5242: 5170: 5072:. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications. pp. 3376:"GSD Breed Council – Haemophilia 'A' Testing" 3346:"German Shepherd Dogs – Judges Training Programme" 2771:"Breed Standard for the White German Shepherd Dog" 2615: 709:German Shepherds were bred specifically for their 4638:. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders. pp. 44–49. 4618: 4526:(2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918. 3726:Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010). 3254:"GSD vs. WGSD – It's not a black or white issue!" 3159:"Council Reports of Dog Attacks in NSW 2011/2012" 2635:"German Shepherd – The Ultimate Service Dog" 2250: 1974:(1994–2006), earthquake search and rescue dog of 1600:Won Ton Ton, protagonist of the 1976 comedy film 787:, over 1,180–1,460 newtons (265–328 lbf), a 6166: 2418:"Hitler's nurse breaks 60 years of silence" 5468: 5168: 3535: 2775:White German Shepherd Dog Club of America, Inc. 1469:was a famous and very successful police dog in 903:hips. It has been recognised since 1990 by the 5356:—The original registrar of the German Shepherd 5191: 5096:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd. 4262: 3220: 3166:New South Wales Department of Local Government 3130:New South Wales Department of Local Government 2923: 2627: 2144:, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley. 1995:(died December 1972), served in battle in the 1591:Joe, protagonist in the NBC television series 1222:in 2020, and seventh-most registered breed by 5772: 5454: 5008:. Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. 3647:. Guide Dogs of America. 2013. Archived from 2441:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 123. 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 1655:(born 17 January 2018), pets of US President 1146:The examples and perspective in this section 829:The issue was raised in the BBC documentary, 5786: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3673:. Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. 2013 3612:The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health 3291:"German Shepherd Dogs – The Soundness Issue" 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 1630:of 1994–2015, and remakes in other countries 1289:, a common inherited bleeding disorder, and 842:The Kennel Club also recommends testing for 521: 515: 441: 416: 410: 5195:The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture 4756: 3788:Your Happy Healthy Pet: German Shepherd Dog 2817:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2794:"15 Of The Fastest Dog Breeds In The World" 2660:"Change of Name – German Shepherd Dog" 2595:Your Happy Healthy Pet: German Shepherd Dog 2563:. History of Agriculture. 20 November 2017. 1690:recipients (for military and civil defence 1397:gene is responsible for the condition. The 937: 23: 5779: 5765: 5461: 5447: 4355:Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 3407:. Breed Information Centre. Archived from 3321:"KC confirms position on German Shepherds" 2172: 2008:, performing and unofficial police dog in 1238:Portrait of a ten year old German Shepherd 1164:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 75: 24: 4762:DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle 4703: 4685: 4557: 4539: 4471: 4430: 4420: 4394: 4318: 4308: 4189: 4171: 4122: 4112: 4070: 4005: 3770: 3573: 3258:White German Shepherd Dog Club of America 2825: 2579: 2518:. 7 January 1925 – via NYTimes.com. 2271: 1419:, one of the earliest canine stars (1921) 1180:Learn how and when to remove this message 854: 5110: 5003: 4379: 3502: 1603:Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood 1411: 1342: 1334: 1233: 1191: 947: 920: 893: 864: 802: 749: 736: 564: 505: 371: 356: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 5148: 5091: 4760:; Dolan, Hannah, eds. (2010). "1950s". 3453: 3441: 3429: 3195:"Dog Bites: Information and Statistics" 3031:"Breed Standard — German Shepherd" 2733: 2731: 2729: 2528: 2415: 2390: 2313: 1521:The dog on which the breed was founded 1401:offers a genetic test for this defect. 1278:, which is caused by a mutation in the 991: 14: 6167: 5212: 5022: 4871: 4744: 3897: 3840: 3818:. American Kennel Club. Archived from 3785: 3072: 2592: 2436: 2365: 2325: 6059:Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche) 5760: 5442: 5354:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde e.V. 5043: 4728:"List of films with German Shepherds" 4390: 4388: 3843:"The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2020" 3645:An International Guiding Eyes Program 3465: 2935: 2929: 2865:"Rasse-Lexikon Deutscher Schäferhund" 2791: 2708: 2395:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 952. 2370:. Viking-Penguin Books. p. 357. 2336: 2334: 2123:(in German). Hannover: Schlütersche. 2099:Deutscher Schäferhund (Langstockhaar) 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2061: 1892:in 2009 under dangerous circumstances 1721:13th (Lancashire) Parachute Battalion 1407: 1330: 1293:(EPI), a degenerative disease of the 982:Fédération Cynologique Internationale 455:, who was among several dogs in the ' 451:several more of the breed, including 347:Fédération Cynologique Internationale 260:Fédération Cynologique Internationale 6064:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai 5296: 5240: 5129: 5065: 4978:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 4951:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 4924:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 4897:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 4265:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing 3608: 3471: 2905:from the original on 6 November 2016 2840:"German Shepherd Dog Breed Standard" 2726: 2621: 2437:Jacobs, Benjamin (18 January 2001). 2267: 2265: 2256: 2244: 1677:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1671:while he was in office, which bit a 1664:, police dog later kept as a pet of 1132: 1083:German night-watchman with dog, 1950 405:and von Stephanitz founded the 3221:Brazil-Adelman, Mary Belle (2000). 2869:Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen 2690:"Can the German Shepherd Be Saved?" 2567: 2340: 2111: 1881:recipients (for non-military dogs) 1772:After revival of the medal in 2000 1647:(11 November 2008 – 19 June 2021), 1516:Notable individual German Shepherds 56: 5326:Australian National Kennel Council 5274:Australian National Kennel Council 5233: 4447: 4385: 3352:. 16 February 2010. Archived from 3251: 3081:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2744:Australian National Kennel Council 2716:"USA German Shepherd Dog Standard" 2439:The Dentist of Auschwitz: A memoir 2331: 2303:– via AnimalsAndSociety.org. 2195:. 30 December 2007. Archived from 2155: 2085: 889: 791:, 1,050 newtons (235 lbf), a 763:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 510:Sable bitch (left) and dog (right) 57: 6201: 6180:Dog breeds originating in Germany 5819:Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog 5347: 5329:. 20 August 2013 . Archived from 5132:Training Your German Shepherd Dog 5115:. San Diego: Simon and Schuster. 3816:"AKC Dog Registration Statistics" 3693:"Guide Dog Breeding and Whelping" 3481:. American Rare Breed Association 3297:. 8 February 2010. Archived from 2666:. 19 October 2010. Archived from 2529:Kaleski, Robert (29 March 2011). 2262: 2134: 1291:exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 1260:Orthopedic Foundation for Animals 910: 384:To combat these differences, the 364:, the founder of the breed (with 5426: 5414: 5402: 5277:. 26 March 2012 . Archived from 4965: 4938: 4911: 4297:Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 3224:The German Shepherd Dog Handbook 2777:, September 1997, archived from 2044: 1847:Malayan National Liberation Army 1532:In film, television and fiction 1300: 1137: 1116: 1100: 1088: 1076: 881: 692: 680: 668: 656: 644: 418:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde 412:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde 407:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde 4996: 4884: 4872:László, Enikő (8 August 2020). 4865: 4839: 4813: 4796:"Ace the Bat-Hound appearances" 4788: 4750: 4720: 4652: 4636:Canine and Feline Endocrinology 4574: 4507: 4488: 4343: 4281: 4256: 4206: 4147: 4114:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155 4087: 4022: 3957: 3939: 3903: 3855: 3834: 3808: 3744: 3685: 3663: 3633: 3602: 3567: 3549:"It's a dog's life in the Army" 3541: 3508: 3338: 3313: 3245: 3214: 3187: 3151: 3115: 3056: 3023: 2993: 2963: 2887: 2857: 2785: 2763: 2747:. 23 March 1991. Archived from 2682: 2652: 2549: 2522: 2504: 2487: 2470: 2455: 2430: 2409: 2384: 2359: 1226:in the United Kingdom in 2016. 905:American Rare Breed Association 798: 704: 610:German Shepherds have a double 312:traditional German herding dogs 4101:Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2792:Staff, HK9 (31 January 2021). 2272:Skabelund, Aaron (June 2008). 2117:Axel Wehrend (editor) (2014). 1107:Rescue dog at the site of the 1004:(MWD) are usually trained for 956:The White Swiss Shepherd Dog ( 818: 732: 560: 294:, also known in Britain as an 13: 1: 4160:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 3841:Reisen, Jan (16 March 2021). 3641:"Breeds and Matching Process" 3536:Strickland & Moses (1998) 3456:, pp. 14, 140 & 222. 2532:Australian Barkers and Biters 2073: 2019: 1835: 1817:of 2006–2012 in two tours in 1807: 1779: 1713: 1651:(born 1 September 2021), and 1574:, fictional superhero in the 1059:One Mexican German Shepherd, 970:Weisser Schweizer Schäferhund 537:; however, at the end of the 182:22–32 kg (49–71 lb) 170:30–40 kg (66–88 lb) 157:55–60 cm (22–24 in) 145:60–65 cm (24–26 in) 5192:von Stephanitz, Max (1994). 4687:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940 4541:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918 4422:10.1371/journal.pone.0096618 4395:Fels, L.; Distl, O. (2014). 3401:"German Shepherd Dog Health" 3123:"Reported Dog Attack Survey" 3093:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007253 2416:Harding, Luke (2 May 2005). 2078: 2063:[ˈdɔʏtʃɐˈʃɛːfɐˌhʊnt] 1799:New York City, United States 1756:Battle of Walcheren Causeway 1352:Congenital hyposomatotropism 1123:Military dog during training 1109:collapsed World Trade Center 760:A 2020 literature review in 741:A human infant with two dogs 574:Museum of Veterinary Anatomy 317:It was originally bred as a 59:German breed of shepherd dog 7: 6029:Miniature American Shepherd 5213:Willis, Malcolm B. (1976). 5134:. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's. 5051:. New York: DK Publishing. 5049:The Encyclopedia of the Dog 3229:Barron's Educational Series 2975:White Paws: German Shepherd 2871:(in German). Archived from 2142:The Complete Dog Breed Book 1861:Royal Army Veterinary Corps 1254:. A study conducted by the 1160:, discuss the issue on the 849: 775:National Geographic Channel 634:, liver, silver, blue, and 341:. It is commonly kept as a 10: 6206: 5530:German Shorthaired Pointer 5525:German Roughhaired Pointer 5029:. Houghton Mifflin Books. 5006:Companion Animal Nutrition 4473:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.015 4234:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008 4055:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6 3990:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w 3947:"Hip Dysplasia Statistics" 3574:Ascarelli, Miriam (2010). 2140:Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 ). 1815:United States Marine Corps 1635:Pets of political figures 1128: 941: 914: 858: 753: 467:, Hitler ordered Dr. 352: 5914:Carea Castellano Manchego 5794: 5738: 5657: 5624: 5596: 5573: 5540:German Wirehaired Pointer 5520:German Longhaired Pointer 5510: 5477: 5173:The German Shepherd Today 5149:Stevens, Katrina (2002). 5111:Pickeral, Tamsin (2014). 5066:Kern, Francis G. (1990). 5004:Ackerman, Nicola (2008). 4851:Police Museum of Budapest 4596:10.2460/javma.232.12.1818 3925:10.2460/javma.231.10.1529 2557:"Alsatian Dogs Bill 1934" 2545:– via Google Books. 2368:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 2054: 1921:Christchurch, New Zealand 1795:11 September 2001 attacks 1588:in DC Comics 1955–present 1431:. Both have stars on the 1306:Musculoskeletal disorders 1229: 1095:Swedish police dogs, 2007 1047:Currently, Labradors and 699:Long-haired black-and-tan 651:Saddle black-and-tan coat 501: 417: 411: 274: 263: 258: 251: 246: 239: 234: 229: 225: 216: 213: 208: 205: 200: 197: 190: 187: 175: 162: 150: 137: 132: 128: 118: 86: 74: 69: 6154:White Swiss Shepherd Dog 5788:Herding and droving dogs 5297:Hart, Ernest H. (1985). 5026:Planet Dog: A Doglopedia 4946:"PDSA Gold Medal – Dogs" 4173:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121 3701:Guide Dogs for the Blind 3444:, pp. 14 & 140. 2798:Highland Canine Training 2293:10.1163/156853008X357676 2037: 1793:in the aftermath of the 1679:in 1933 while living at 1606:, a spoof of Rin Tin Tin 1452:A German Shepherd named 1385:Unlike humans where the 952:White Swiss Shepherd Dog 944:White Swiss Shepherd Dog 938:White Swiss Shepherd Dog 523:Altdeutsche Schäferhunde 485:Nazi concentration camps 110:Altdeutsche Schäferhunde 39:latest accepted revision 6074:Polish Lowland Sheepdog 6044:New Zealand Heading Dog 5889:Cane Lupino del Gigante 5588:Old German herding dogs 5502:Westphalian Dachsbracke 5487:Bavarian Mountain Hound 5305:. New Jersey: T. F. H. 5301:The German Shepherd Dog 5151:The German Shepherd Dog 5092:Hancock, David (2014). 5023:Choron, Sandra (2005). 4107:. Elsevier BV: 106155. 3730:. Alpine Publications. 3609:Case, Linda P. (2013). 3586:Purdue University Press 3582:West Lafayette, Indiana 3432:, pp. 14 & 28. 3035:New Zealand Kennel Club 2899:Vonziü German Shepherds 2366:Beevor, Antony (2002). 2066:("German Shepherd Dog") 1997:United States Air Force 1787:World Trade Center site 1758:, an engagement of the 1666:United States president 1584:, fictional partner of 1380:Czechoslovakian Wolfdog 1276:degenerative myelopathy 978:Pastore Svizzero Bianco 528:old German herding dogs 345:, and according to the 6099:Sardinian Shepherd Dog 5153:. Willow Creek Press. 4460:The Veterinary Journal 4310:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10 4222:The Veterinary Journal 3703:. 2011. Archived from 3553:The New Zealand Herald 3168:. 2013. Archived from 3132:. 1999. Archived from 2189:"History of the breed" 1914:Hertfordshire, England 1869:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1497:Kántor in the Big City 1433:Hollywood Walk of Fame 1420: 1348: 1340: 1287:Von Willebrand disease 1239: 1197: 977: 969: 961: 953: 926: 899: 870: 869:East-European Shepherd 861:East-European Shepherd 855:East-European Shepherd 808: 742: 727:search and rescue dogs 581: 522: 516: 511: 442: 377: 376:Illustration from 1909 369: 5924:Catahoula Leopard Dog 5904:Cão da Serra de Aires 5804:Australian Cattle Dog 5361:"German Shepherd Dog" 5177:. Howell Book House. 4497:Mark Morris Institute 3617:John Wiley & Sons 3380:Gsdbreedcouncil.co.uk 2924:von Stephanitz (1994) 2739:"FCI Standard No 166" 2391:Kershaw, Ian (2008). 2059:German pronunciation: 2055:Deutscher Schäferhund 1760:Battle of the Scheldt 1673:United States senator 1669:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1578:universe 1952–present 1415: 1399:University of Utrecht 1346: 1338: 1311:Cauda equina syndrome 1237: 1196:A nine-week-old puppy 1195: 1002:military working dogs 951: 924: 897: 868: 832:Pedigree Dogs Exposed 806: 754:Further information: 750:Aggression and biting 740: 568: 543:anti-German sentiment 517:Deutscher Schäferhund 509: 375: 360: 327:disability assistance 248:The Royal Kennel Club 230:Kennel club standards 105:Deutscher Schäferhund 6069:Pembroke Welsh Corgi 6054:Old English Sheepdog 6039:Nenets Herding Laika 5909:Cardigan Welsh Corgi 5874:Bouvier des Flandres 5869:Bouvier des Ardennes 5469:Dogs originating in 4734:on 16 February 2015. 3848:American Kennel Club 3786:Palika, Liz (2008). 2844:American Kennel Club 2593:Palika, Liz (2008). 2193:German Shepherds.com 2104:26 June 2020 at the 1321:Canine hip dysplasia 1256:University of Zurich 1220:American Kennel Club 1158:improve this section 1025:explosives detection 992:Use as a working dog 780:Dangerous Encounters 663:Black mask and sable 514:The breed was named 6079:Portuguese Sheepdog 5844:Bergamasco Shepherd 5824:Basque Shepherd Dog 5814:Australian Shepherd 5665:American Eskimo Dog 5616:Miniature Schnauzer 5560:Small Münsterländer 5545:Large Münsterländer 5333:on 15 February 2014 5284:on 21 February 2014 5241:Cree, John (1977). 4892:"PDSA Dickin Medal" 4678:2011PLoSO...627940V 4532:2017PLoSO..1272918O 4413:2014PLoSO...996618F 4382:, pp. 135–139. 4047:2022NatSR..12.6415T 3982:2024NatSR..14..531M 3879:on 10 December 2019 3209:National Geographic 2751:on 15 February 2014 2393:Hitler: A biography 2341:Sax, Boria (2000). 2281:Society and Animals 1916:, on 5 October 2016 1525:Horand von Grafrath 1486:Kántor Investigates 1356:autosomal recessive 962:Berger Blanc Suisse 756:Dog bite prevention 549:bordering Germany. 443:germanische Urhunde 403:Horand von Grafrath 366:Horand von Grafrath 95:German Shepherd Dog 29:Page version status 18:German Shepherd dog 6019:Magellan sheep dog 5994:Icelandic Sheepdog 5730:Standard Schnauzer 5644:Miniature Pinscher 5380:on 23 January 2018 5130:Rice, Dan (1999). 4766:Dorling Kindersley 4035:Scientific Reports 3970:Scientific Reports 3411:on 7 November 2017 3356:on 19 October 2011 3264:on 10 January 2014 2670:on 27 October 2010 2535:. Read Books Ltd. 2516:The New York Times 2497:The New York Times 2480:The New York Times 2464:The New York Times 1572:Rex the Wonder Dog 1566:Ace the Wonder Dog 1447:Batman comic books 1421: 1408:In popular culture 1376:Saarloos Wolfhound 1349: 1341: 1331:Pituitary dwarfism 1240: 1198: 954: 932:United Kennel Club 927: 900: 871: 813:Max von Stephanitz 809: 793:Labrador Retriever 743: 582: 512: 395:Max von Stephanitz 378: 370: 362:Max von Stephanitz 308:Max von Stephanitz 35: 6162: 6161: 6124:Spanish Water Dog 6114:Shetland Sheepdog 6094:Pyrenean Sheepdog 6009:Lancashire Heeler 5974:Garafian Shepherd 5969:Galician Palleiro 5944:Croatian Sheepdog 5859:Bohemian Shepherd 5809:Australian Kelpie 5754: 5753: 5217:. K and R Books. 5205:978-99932-80-05-7 5103:978-1-84797-808-0 5058:978-0-7566-6004-8 4919:"PDSA Gold Medal" 4827:. 17 October 2017 4775:978-0-7566-6742-9 4645:978-1-4557-4456-5 4590:(12): 1818–1824. 4274:978-1-910-44339-2 3919:(10): 1529–1533. 3801:978-0-470-19231-3 3737:978-1-57779-106-5 3626:978-1-118-70120-1 3595:978-1-55753-563-4 3197:. 26 January 2008 2981:on 29 August 2008 2971:"About the Breed" 2875:on 25 August 2009 2696:. 28 October 2011 2608:978-0-470-19231-3 2402:978-0-393-06757-6 2377:978-0-670-03041-5 2352:978-0-8264-1289-8 2247:, pp. 11–21. 1851:Malayan Emergency 1688:PDSA Dickin Medal 1582:Ace the Bat-Hound 1443:Ace the Bat-Hound 1372:Karelian Bear dog 1190: 1189: 1182: 1049:Golden Retrievers 1038:visually impaired 1017:cadaver searching 1010:anti-tank weapons 773:According to the 477:Reich Chancellery 331:search-and-rescue 288: 287: 270: 269: 221: 220: 101:Alsatian Wolf Dog 47:24 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 6197: 6175:German shepherds 6134:Swedish Vallhund 6129:Swedish Lapphund 6049:Norwegian Buhund 6014:Lapponian Herder 5964:Finnish Lapphund 5959:Faroese Sheepdog 5954:English Shepherd 5929:Catalan Sheepdog 5839:Belgian Shepherd 5781: 5774: 5767: 5758: 5757: 5463: 5456: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5431: 5430: 5429: 5419: 5418: 5407: 5406: 5398: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5373:. Archived from 5342: 5340: 5338: 5316: 5304: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5283: 5269: 5260: 5248: 5228: 5209: 5188: 5176: 5164: 5145: 5126: 5107: 5087: 5069:German Shepherds 5062: 5040: 5019: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4730:. Archived from 4724: 4718: 4717: 4707: 4689: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4631: 4616: 4615: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4543: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4475: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4434: 4424: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4361:on 24 March 2014 4357:. Archived from 4347: 4341: 4340: 4322: 4312: 4294: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4193: 4175: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4126: 4116: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4074: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4009: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3953:on 10 June 2009. 3943: 3937: 3936: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3878: 3872:. Archived from 3867: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3783: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3758:. 8 January 2010 3748: 3742: 3741: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3707:on 14 April 2014 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3539: 3538:, p. 17–28. 3533: 3524: 3523: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3479:"Group 1 Breeds" 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3260:. Archived from 3249: 3243: 3242: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3175:on 19 March 2018 3174: 3163: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3138: 3127: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3087:(5): 1166–1176. 3076: 3070: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3037:. Archived from 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3007:. Archived from 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2977:. Archived from 2967: 2961: 2960: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2836: 2823: 2822: 2816: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2735: 2724: 2723: 2722:on 10 June 2008. 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2590: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2338: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2278: 2269: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2201: 2200: 2185: 2170: 2159: 2153: 2138: 2132: 2115: 2109: 2096: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2024: 2021: 1958:, police dog in 1957: 1902:in November 2010 1840: 1837: 1812: 1809: 1784: 1781: 1718: 1715: 1712:, a.k.a. Brian ( 1494: 1483: 1468: 1445:appeared in the 1185: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1141: 1140: 1133: 1120: 1104: 1092: 1080: 777:television show 696: 684: 672: 660: 648: 602: 601: 597: 594: 525: 519: 461:Battle of Berlin 445: 420: 419: 414: 413: 283: 277: 227: 226: 217:10 years or more 206:Litter size 130: 129: 89: 79: 67: 66: 21: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6158: 6139:Tibetan Terrier 5984:German Shepherd 5979:Gaucho sheepdog 5939:Collie (Smooth) 5790: 5785: 5755: 5750: 5734: 5695:Giant Schnauzer 5685:German Pinscher 5653: 5620: 5592: 5583:German Shepherd 5569: 5506: 5473: 5467: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5359: 5350: 5345: 5336: 5334: 5319: 5313: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5236: 5234:Further reading 5231: 5225: 5206: 5185: 5161: 5142: 5123: 5104: 5084: 5059: 5037: 5016: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4880:(in Hungarian). 4870: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4804: 4802: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4776: 4755: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4632: 4619: 4579: 4575: 4512: 4508: 4493: 4489: 4452: 4448: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4261: 4257: 4217: 4211: 4207: 4152: 4148: 4092: 4088: 4027: 4023: 3962: 3958: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3870:The Kennel Club 3865: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3784: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3756:Eleconomista.es 3750: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3527: 3522:. 8 March 2020. 3514: 3513: 3509: 3503:Pickeral (2014) 3501: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3405:The Kennel Club 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3350:The Kennel Club 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3295:The Kennel Club 3289: 3288: 3281: 3267: 3265: 3252:Harder, Aimee. 3250: 3246: 3239: 3219: 3215: 3200: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3077: 3073: 3061: 3057: 3044: 3042: 3041:on 20 July 2008 3029: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3011:on 3 March 2018 2999: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2949:. p. 134. 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2838: 2837: 2826: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2800: 2790: 2786: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2737: 2736: 2727: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2664:The Kennel Club 2658: 2657: 2653: 2643: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2591: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2527: 2523: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2435: 2431: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2389: 2385: 2378: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2339: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2308: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2204: 2199:on 1 June 2008. 2187: 2186: 2173: 2160: 2156: 2139: 2135: 2116: 2112: 2106:Wayback Machine 2097: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2070: 2058: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2022: 1984:1999 earthquake 1951: 1879:PDSA Gold Medal 1843:Royal Air Force 1838: 1810: 1782: 1716: 1681:the White House 1548:Thunder the Dog 1518: 1488: 1477: 1462: 1410: 1333: 1303: 1248:elbow dysplasia 1232: 1224:The Kennel Club 1186: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1155: 1142: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1112: 1105: 1096: 1093: 1084: 1081: 994: 946: 940: 919: 913: 898:Shiloh Shepherd 892: 890:Shiloh Shepherd 884: 863: 857: 852: 824:The Kennel Club 821: 801: 758: 752: 735: 707: 700: 697: 688: 685: 676: 673: 664: 661: 652: 649: 599: 595: 592: 590: 563: 554:wolf-dog hybrid 539:First World War 504: 355: 292:German Shepherd 279: 275: 183: 171: 158: 146: 114: 87: 82: 70:German Shepherd 65: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6203: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6149:White Shepherd 6146: 6144:Welsh Sheepdog 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5949:Dutch Shepherd 5946: 5941: 5936: 5934:Collie (Rough) 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5899:Cane Toccatore 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5829:Bearded Collie 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5784: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:Kromfohrländer 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5639:Biewer Terrier 5636: 5630: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5535:German Spaniel 5532: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5466: 5465: 5458: 5451: 5443: 5436: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5391: 5390: 5357: 5349: 5348:External links 5346: 5344: 5343: 5317: 5311: 5294: 5261: 5255: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5210: 5204: 5189: 5183: 5166: 5159: 5146: 5140: 5127: 5121: 5113:Dogs unleashed 5108: 5102: 5089: 5082: 5063: 5057: 5041: 5035: 5020: 5014: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4964: 4937: 4910: 4883: 4864: 4853:(in Hungarian) 4838: 4821:"TV dog stars" 4812: 4787: 4774: 4768:. p. 77. 4749: 4737: 4719: 4672:(11): e27940. 4651: 4644: 4617: 4573: 4506: 4487: 4446: 4384: 4372: 4342: 4280: 4273: 4255: 4205: 4166:(3): 121–136. 4146: 4086: 4021: 3956: 3938: 3902: 3890: 3854: 3833: 3822:on 11 May 2012 3807: 3800: 3794:. p. 25. 3769: 3743: 3736: 3728:Stockdog Savvy 3718: 3684: 3662: 3651:on 8 July 2010 3632: 3625: 3601: 3594: 3566: 3555:. 22 July 2008 3540: 3525: 3507: 3492: 3470: 3468:, p. 387. 3458: 3454:Hancock (2014) 3446: 3442:Hancock (2014) 3434: 3430:Hancock (2014) 3422: 3392: 3367: 3337: 3312: 3279: 3244: 3237: 3213: 3186: 3150: 3139:on 21 May 2009 3114: 3071: 3055: 3022: 2992: 2962: 2955: 2937:Coren, Stanley 2928: 2916: 2886: 2856: 2824: 2784: 2762: 2725: 2707: 2681: 2651: 2639:German Culture 2626: 2614: 2607: 2601:. p. 22. 2578: 2566: 2548: 2541: 2521: 2503: 2500:. 7 July 1924. 2486: 2469: 2454: 2447: 2429: 2408: 2401: 2383: 2376: 2358: 2351: 2330: 2318: 2314:Stevens (2002) 2306: 2261: 2249: 2202: 2171: 2167:FCI Newsletter 2154: 2133: 2110: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2013: 2003: 1990: 1969: 1963: 1946: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1903: 1900:diabetic shock 1896: 1893: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1854: 1829: 1801: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1724: 1707: 1705:Czechoslovakia 1685: 1684: 1683: 1659: 1642: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1622: 1607: 1598: 1589: 1579: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1517: 1514: 1409: 1406: 1332: 1329: 1315:osteoarthritis 1302: 1299: 1231: 1228: 1188: 1187: 1152:of the subject 1150:worldwide view 1145: 1143: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1115: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1075: 1042:Dorothy Eustis 993: 990: 942:Main article: 939: 936: 925:White Shepherd 917:White Shepherd 915:Main article: 912: 911:White Shepherd 909: 891: 888: 883: 880: 859:Main article: 856: 853: 851: 848: 820: 817: 800: 797: 751: 748: 734: 731: 706: 703: 702: 701: 698: 691: 689: 686: 679: 677: 674: 667: 665: 662: 655: 653: 650: 643: 562: 559: 503: 500: 386:Phylax Society 354: 351: 321:, for herding 310:using various 298:, is a German 286: 285: 272: 271: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 238: 232: 231: 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 214:Life span 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 181: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156: 154: 151: 148: 147: 144: 142: 139: 135: 134: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 102: 99: 96: 92: 90: 84: 83: 80: 72: 71: 63: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6202: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5999:King Shepherd 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5894:Cane di Oropa 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864:Border Collie 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5849:Berger Picard 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5747: 5746:Bullenbeisser 5744: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5634:Affenpinscher 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5497:Hanover Hound 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5459: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5376: 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