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584:. On 26 March 1906, Gapon arrived to meet Rutenberg in a rented cottage outside St. Petersburg, and after a month he was found there hanged. Rutenberg asserted later that Gapon was condemned by a comrades' court. In reality, three SR party combatants overheard their conversation from the next room. After Gapon had repeated his collaboration proposal, Rutenberg called the comrades into the room and left. When he returned, Gapon was dead. Gapon died 10 April [
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450:. The Assembly's objectives were to defend workers' rights and to elevate their moral and religious status. He was the person to lead the industrial workers to the capital of Russia during the year 1905. Only persons of Russian Orthodox faith were eligible to join the ranks. He received support from the police-sponsored trade unions established by Okhrana Chief
422:
410:. In Crimea he met several prominent members of the Tolstoyan movement, all of whom were intensely critical of the Orthodox Church and urged Gapon to leave the priesthood. Gapon rejected this advice, choosing instead to return to course work in St. Petersburg in November 1899, renewed and reinvigorated.
385:
During his first year at the St. Petersburg
Academy, Gapon became involved in missionary work for the church through the Society for Religious and Moral Enlightenment in the Spirit of the Orthodox Church. As part of this activity Gapon helped to conduct religious discussions in industrial shops, mess
329:
statistician, supplementing his income with money earned working as a private tutor. It was in this capacity that he met the daughter of a local merchant in a house in which he was giving private lessons. The family objected to a proposed marriage due to Gapon's limited employment horizons, however,
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emphasis on working with the poor and with its philosophical criticism with the formalistic and hierarchical practices of the official church. This brought him into conflict with certain seminary officials, who threatened to rescind his educational stipend. Gapon met this threat by himself rejecting
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promotion to deacon for just one day before being made priest of the
Poltava cemetery church. Gapon's services were innovative and informal, and his church rapidly grew in size, negatively impacting other more formalistic local churches, whose priests lodged complaints against him. Nevertheless,
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father and mother who hailed from the local peasantry. Gapon's father, Apollon
Fedorovich Gapon, had some formal education and served as an elected village elder and clerk in Bilyky. His mother was illiterate and religiously devout and actively raised her son in the norms and traditions of the
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for the first time. The tightly wound Gapon found the strain of missionary work plus the demands of academic life to be too great and fell into a state of acute depression and he began skipping classes. He withdrew from school on a medical leave of absence and spent almost a year in
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despite his lack of the standard
Seminary certificate. Gapon placed 16th of 67 applicants and was subsequently awarded a scholarship reserved for the top prospects at the school. He would be one of 235 students to regularly attend classes at the school in 1898.
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to become a physician, so as to be of greater service to the ailing poor. His plans were short-circuited, however, when the seminary issued him a less-than-perfect grade for behaviour, thereby effectively barring his path to further university education.
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through one of his instructors, a devoted follower of the
Russian writer. This instructor, I. M. Tregubov, regarded Gapon as one of the top students at the school, serious and intelligent in demeanour and diligent and curious in his studies.
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Gapon and his wife had two children in rapid succession, but his wife fell ill following the 1898 birth of the second child, a boy. She died not long afterward, and Gapon decided to leave
Poltava to make a new life in the capital city of
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Gapon soon revealed to
Rutenberg, about his contacts with the police and tried to recruit him too, reasoning that dual loyalties were helpful to the workers' cause; however, Rutenberg reported this provocation to his party leaders,
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Gapon fell ill from typhus, which incapacitated him for a time, making it impossible to earn a living as a tutor and continue his studies effectively. He decided to abandon plans for a career as a priest, seeking instead to attend
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of
Poltava, apologizing for past behaviour and promising to fulfill expectations of the church in the future. The bishop was moved by the appeal and interceded with the family, winning the couple permission to marry.
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Gapon's status as a student at the St. Petersburg
Theological Academy, one of the elite theological training institutions of the Orthodox Church, placed him in good graces with Bishop Nikolai of
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287:, a seminary that offered Gapon the best prospect for advancing his formal education. In his final year at this school, Gapon was first exposed to the radical philosophical teachings of
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St. Petersburg
Theological Academy, attended by Georgy Gapon, was one of four religious academies of the Russian Orthodox Church. The school was a training facility for theologians.
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Gapon became a religious teacher at the St. Olga children's orphanage in 1900 and became involved in working with factory workers and families impoverished by unemployment.
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9 January] 1905, the day after a general strike burst out in St. Petersburg, Gapon organized a workers' procession to present an emotionally charged written
482:. Gapon was not simply an obedient instrument of the police; cooperating with them, he tried to realize his plan for a positive change of the working class in Russia.
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the Tsar and called upon the workers to take action against the regime, but soon after escaped abroad, where he had close ties with the
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before their disbandment in 1903. The organization professed loyalty to the Russian Empire, beginning its meetings with the
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Gapon continued to enjoy the support of the bishop in his position and was largely satisfied with his station in life.
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Gapon was placed on the fast track to priesthood, occupying a place as a church psalm reader for a year, followed by a
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Gapon was an excellent primary school student and was offered a place at the Lower Ecclesiastical School in
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and as a means of overcoming this obstacle he again sought to become a priest. He made an appeal to Bishop
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From the end of 1904, Gapon started to cooperate with radicals who championed the abolition of
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further aid and seeking to pay for his own education through work as a private tutor.
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Following his graduation from the Lower Ecclesiastical School, Gapon was admitted to
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523:. Gapon and Rutenberg were welcomed in Europe both by prominent Russian émigrées
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The Road to Bloody Sunday: Father Gapon and the St. Petersburg Massacre of 1905
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who wanted to make fundamental reforms but was constantly thwarted by the
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halls, and lodging houses, bringing him into close contact with the urban
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priest of Ukrainian descent and a popular working-class leader before the
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605:(An autobiography by Gapon written just after the Bloody Sunday tragedy)
1071:. Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 336ff.
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466:, Gapon preached that the Tsar was a benevolent leader appointed by
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Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers of St. Petersburg
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The St. Petersburg workmen's petition to the Tsar, 22 January 1905
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462:" At the same time, the Assembly had radical demands. Before the
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The Emperor's Sword: Japan vs Russia in the Battle of Tsushima
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Lane, A. Thomas, ed. (1995). "Gapon, Georgii Apollonovich".
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Georgy Apollonovich Gapon was born 17 February [
1154:. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Company. p. 736.
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and concluding them with the imperial national anthem "
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1094:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 1891-1924
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5 February] 1870, in the village of Bilyky,
243:. Father Gapon is mainly remembered as the leader of
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402:, who permitted Gapon to live in a monastery near
395:in an attempt to regain his psychological health.
323:At the age of 23 Gapon took a job in Poltava as a
1069:Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders
373:. Bishop Ilarion made a strong recommendation to
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245:peaceful crowds of protesters on Bloody Sunday
227:5 February] 1870 –10 April [
1113:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.
432:Gapon, with the financial support of Colonel
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948:"Gapon, Georgi Apollonovich (1870–1906)"
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992:. Spartacus Educational. Archived from
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1165:. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co
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917:. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 168–169.
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1027:from the original on 26 October 2017
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500:The demonstration ended tragically (
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958:from the original on 16 August 2021
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551:and in London at 33 Dunstan House,
16:Russian Orthodox priest (1870–1906)
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1111:Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography
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1152:The New Student's Reference Work
1054:. New York: Funk & Wagnall.
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515:Following Bloody Sunday, Gapon
231:28 March] 1906) was a
1186:Works by or about Georgy Gapon
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1:
954:. Marxists Internet Archive.
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521:Socialist Revolutionary Party
504:). Gapon's life was saved by
271:. He was the oldest son of a
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241:Socialist Revolutionary Party
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21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1436:Clergy from Saint Petersburg
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627:Гео́ргий Аполло́нович Гапо́н
267:, Ukraine, then part of the
58:Гео́ргий Аполло́нович Гапо́н
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1086:Sablinsky, Walter (1976).
19:In this name that follows
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547:. He found sanctuary in
492:On 22 January [
375:Konstantin Pobedonostsev
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1050:Busch, Noel F. (1969).
952:Encyclopedia of Marxism
913:Figes, Orlando (1996).
464:1905 Russian Revolution
406:without having to take
278:Russian Orthodox Church
237:1905 Russian Revolution
223:(17 February [
195:Russian Orthodox Church
1371:Extrajudicial killings
1159:Gapon, George (1906).
438:Imperial Japanese Army
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356:Move to St. Petersburg
1206:"Gapon, George"
1147:"Gapon, George"
1142:McMurry, Frank Morton
1109:Yedlin, Tova (1999).
498:petition to the Tsar.
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249:Imperial Russian Army
1361:Christian anarchists
1197:The Story of My Life
1162:The Story of My Life
603:The Story of My Life
1021:novaonline.nvcc.edu
996:on 13 February 2007
265:Poltava Governorate
125:Cause of death
92:Poltava Governorate
1396:Russian anarchists
1376:Okhrana informants
1138:Beach, Chandler B.
1015:Evans, Charles T.
555:, with anarchists
545:Georges Clemenceau
460:God Save the Tsar!
430:
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168:Apollon Fedorovych
142:political activist
1411:Russian pacifists
1356:Anarcho-pacifists
1101:978-0-691-10204-7
1078:978-0-313-29899-8
832:, pp. 41–42.
808:, pp. 40–41.
773:, pp. 39–40.
729:, pp. 37–38.
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51:Georgy Gapon
47:The Reverend
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29:Apollonovich
28:
1341:1906 deaths
1336:1870 births
1000:21 February
977:Yedlin 1999
541:Jean Jaurès
510:Maxim Gorky
425:Gapon near
388:proletariat
335: [
300: [
289:Leo Tolstoy
158: 1898
133:Occupations
33:family name
1421:Tolstoyans
1330:Categories
1169:12 January
962:12 January
902:Busch 1969
637:References
578:Yevno Azef
427:Narva Gate
404:Sebastopol
255:Early life
83:1870-02-17
25:patronymic
1239:Biography
654:Lane 1995
642:Footnotes
348:pro forma
308:Tolstoyan
205:Signature
1025:Archived
956:Archived
931:35657827
539:leaders
177:Religion
90:Bilyky,
1225:Portals
1218:. 1914.
1188:at the
946:(ed.).
623:Russian
553:Stepney
447:Okhrana
436:of the
400:Taurida
332:Ilarion
326:zemstvo
285:Poltava
273:Cossack
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1031:2 June
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549:Geneva
480:Moscow
472:boyars
393:Crimea
191:Church
165:Parent
150:Spouse
139:Cleric
23:, the
1298:Texts
1281:Media
1060:12442
610:Notes
592:Works
571:Death
339:]
304:]
37:Gapon
1315:Data
1171:2019
1115:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1056:OCLC
1033:2014
1002:2007
964:2019
927:OCLC
919:ISBN
586:O.S.
559:and
543:and
535:and
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478:and
476:Kiev
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103:Died
73:Born
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