416:
228:
297:
244:). He reorganized the urban supply system of LĂ©opoldville and laid the foundations for its subsequent urban development. He developed a new vision for the city layout, organized the "indigenous" quarter and designed the port. In 1911 he requested that the port of LĂ©opoldville, which was too close to the rapids, be moved upstream to the plain of Kinshasa. This was done twenty years later. Moulaert criticized the
158:, Belgium, on 19 May 1875. His father was a doctor, and the family as well to do. He studied the classics in school, then entered the Royal Military School in 1892. He became a 2nd lieutenant of the engineers on 22 December 1894, based in Antwerp at the Compagnie special des Pontonniers et des torpilleurs (Special
484:
In the mid-1930s
Moulaert obtained the rank of honorary reserve major general in the Belgian army. From 1937 to 1954 Moulaert was administrator of the Crédit Général du Congo, which in November 1948 became the Compagnie Financière Africaine. He held senior management positions in Société Congolaise
476:
On 5 September 1928 he was a founding director of the
Chantier Naval et Industriel du Congo, and remained a director until 1958. On 1 February 1929 Moulaert was involved in founding the Symaf company, and became chairman of the board. On 29 January 1932 he was one of the founders of Symétain, and on
467:
In 1924 Moulaert returned to
Brussels on a visit, and was appointed secretary general of a commission to examining the colony's transport. In 1926 the Régie industrielle des Mines d’Or de Kilo-Moto was converted to a Congolese limited liability company. Moulaert was made chairman of the board. He
472:
in 1931 said from 35% to 50% of able bodied adult men were forced to leave their homes to work the gold deposits, far above the official limit of 10% set by the
Manpower Commission. This caused public controversy. Moulaert strongly defended "his" company, but criticism continued into the 1940s.
447:
deposits, prospecting and research. Between 1920 and 1924 the company built 828 kilometres (514 mi) of roads, with many metal bridges, and installed 345 kilometres (214 mi) of telegraph and telephone lines. In 1924 a 1,500 horsepower (1,100 kW) hydroelectric power station was
396:
Moulaert visited all the centers of the province and tried to address problems related to administrative organization, development of urban centers and exploitation of natural resources. However, he was frustrated by the central bureaucracy. In 1919 he left the Congo before a meeting of the
265:. From 1911 the king's special fund financed several of Moulaert's projects for river traffic, and in later years Moulaert directly requested the king's support. He created what grew into the beacon service and the hydrographic services. He built up the fleet, equipped the shipyard in
323:
against the
Germans. In December 1914 he asked to be reinstated in the Belgian army so he could fight in Europe, petitioning the king directly, but was refused. In LĂ©opoldville he argued about river and port infrastructure policy with his superior, the acting governor general
468:
continued to head the company until 1947. Moulaert boosted gold production at Kilo-Moto, but his methods were questioned, particularly forced recruitment of Black workers, who totaled 10,012 in 1918 and over 40,000 in 1939. An official report drafted by
Colonel
505:
delivered by their influential representatives André Gilson, also president of the
Association of Belgian Colonial Interests, and by Moulaert. They claimed that Dufour failed to support colonial interests and caused great damage as a result.
439:. These were located in largely hostile territory, with no communications and very primitive operations. Moulaert tackled improvements to roads, transport, medical support, supplies and crops, as well as mining installations, exploitation of
363:
to dismiss
Moulaert, who again asked to serve on the Belgian Front. He left Africa for Europe in March 1917 and took command of the 1st Battalion of the 5th Engineer Regiment of the 5th Army Division. His battalion helped prepare the
235:
In 1905 Moulaert became a colonial civil servant with the rank of interim district commissioner 1st class. He was promoted to district commissioner 1st class in 1908. He became commissioner general in 1910. He was in charge of the
270:
489:(CCCI) and Compagnie des Produits et des Frigorifères du Congo. From 1934 to 1938 he was president of the Association des Intérêts coloniaux belges (Association of Belgian Colonial Interests). In the late 1930s
254:(farm chapels), mistreatment of the Congolese, seizure of land and failure to pay taxes. His reports were used by socialists in Belgium in their campaign against the Catholic Church in the Congo.
142:
from 1917 to 1919. Later he became a businessman, head of several large enterprises in the Congo, and director of others. He drew criticism for his forced recruitment of
Congolese workers in the
237:
278:
208:, designed to protect the lower Congo, and completed the work on this structure. During leave in 1905 he drew up plans for additional works related to the fort. During this first
177:, secretary general of the Interior Department of the Free State. He was seconded to the Military Cartographic Institute, used by the Belgian state to make soldiers available to
31:
509:
Moulaert was a founding member of the Royal
Colonial Institute (later the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences), and became president of the institute in 1943. He died in
845:
486:
825:
830:
250:
415:
169:
Moulaert became a member of Antwerp's "Club africain", where he met colonials who had returned to the country. He decided to enter the service of the
42:
485:
de Gaz (Sogaz), Usine de textiles Texaf (Utexléo), Filatures et Tissages de Fibres au Congo (Tissaco), Société Commerciale Des Textiles (Socotex),
397:
Government Council, since he did not think provincial governors could achieve anything there. Moulaert was succeeded as deputy governor general by
311:(1914-1918). As commander of the Upper Congo Navy he organized and directed, from LĂ©opoldville, the Belgian military expedition with the steamer
575:
432:
477:
25 November 1937 became president of Symétain. He remained on the boards of Symaf and Symétain until his death. In 1935 Moulaert visited
449:
307:
In May 1914 Moulaert requested a second ten-year term in the colony, which was granted on 1 August 1914, a few days before the start of
269:
and organized the lumber stations. He advocated coordination between different types of transport. This led to the establishment of
478:
840:
274:
760:
835:
815:
428:
181:'s private colony. Three of his brothers also spent time in the Congo, including Julien Moulaert and Maurice Moulaert.
727:
257:
In addition to his civil service duties, from 1907 to 1915 Moulaert was in charge of the Upper Congo navy. He met
562:
Le problème de la main-d'œuvre au Congo Belge. Rapport de la Commission de la main-d'œuvre indigène 1930-1931.
453:
385:
135:
134:(19 May 1875 – 17 September 1958) was a Belgian colonial administrator. He was deputy governor general of
734:, vol. VI, Bruxelles: Académie royale des sciences d'Outre-mer, pp. col.758–762, archived from
452:
and the grinding plant was electrified. Due to poor transport across the Congo region, particularly the
481:, where mining was just starting, and drew up plans for offices, houses, a hospital and workers camps.
359:, commander of the British forces on the lake, and with his own seniors. Henry even asked the Minister
348:
288:
In 1913 Moulaert married Louise Beckers (born 1883), daughter of an engineer. They had three children.
564:, Rapporteur : Monsieur le Colonel Bertrand, Conseiller colonial, Bruxelles, Lesigne, p. 261
820:
424:
369:
216:
and in 1903 took part in the mission to delimit the border between the Congo Free State and the
356:
750:
777:
494:
392:, where he had served in the past. He embarked for the Congo in November 1917. On arrival in
178:
810:
805:
502:
388:. The governor general and the minister of the colonies had refused to appoint him to head
8:
258:
213:
352:
332:
205:
174:
756:
569:
320:
170:
490:
469:
398:
336:
245:
65:
331:
To the east of the colony the Belgians and British were fighting the Germans in
325:
266:
241:
227:
393:
196:
159:
389:
799:
262:
139:
261:
in 1909, when the prince was making a long tour of what had just become the
735:
360:
344:
316:
217:
209:
163:
436:
308:
384:
front Moulaert was appointed deputy governor general of the province of
498:
457:
355:. Moulaert again became involved in controversy when he fell out with
410:
365:
143:
709:
510:
440:
296:
221:
194:
Moulaert left for the Congo in January 1902 as a lieutenant of the
110:
30:
674:
444:
155:
93:
464:
to transport cotton, coffee and other products of the region.
535:
Problèmes coloniaux d'hier et d'aujourd'hui. (Pages oubliées)
339:. In April 1916 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the
343:. He created a slipway and small port near the mouth of the
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
461:
381:
686:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
335:. In January 1916 Moulaert was given command of a unit on
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
347:. This was the haven for the small flotilla that won the
533:
Moulaert (G.) (1939), "38 années d'activité coloniale",
497:, was the target of concerted and virulent attacks from
633:
708:
680:
590:
431:, gave Moulaert responsibility for the state mines at
752:
Pierre Ryckmans 1891-1959: Coloniser dans l'honneur
375:
487:Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l’Industrie
271:Sociéte Nationale des Transports Fluviaux au Congo
537:, Bruxelles: Charles Dessart Éditeur, p. 649
154:Georges Brunon Joseph Marie Moulaert was born in
797:
189:
528:, Bruxelles: L’Édition universelle, p. 239
380:On 20 August 1917, while he was serving on the
184:
846:Mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
404:
200:. That year he was promoted to captain of the
560:Moulaert (G.) (1931), "Province orientale.",
559:
550:
541:
532:
523:
782:Biographical Dictionary of Overseas Belgians
748:
725:
692:
668:
351:, and was the nucleus of the future city of
826:Governors of provinces of the Belgian Congo
775:
627:
231:Workers at the Port of LĂ©opoldville c. 1905
173:, and was accepted after an interview with
574:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
291:
149:
29:
555:, Bruxelles: Charles Dessart, p. 296
546:, Bruxelles: Charles Dessart, p. 243
456:, the company developed a route from the
728:"Moulaert (Georges-Brunon-Joseph-Marie)"
414:
295:
226:
831:Governors of Équateur (former province)
749:Vanderlinden, Jacques (15 April 1994),
275:Union Nationale des Transports Fluviaux
798:
281:(OTRACO) in 1935. He was promoted to
526:La campagne du Tanganika (1916-1917)
315:which joined with the French in the
132:Georges Brunon Joseph Marie Moulaert
23:Georges Brunon Joseph Marie Moulaert
303:on Lake Tanganyika, 19 January 1916
238:Stanley Pool / Moyen Congo District
43:Deputy governor general of Équateur
13:
776:Vanthemsche, Guy (29 April 2013),
553:Vingt années à Kilo Moto 1920-1940
14:
857:
376:Governor of Équateur (1917–1919)
285:(Commander, Engineers) in 1909.
516:
419:Two miners in Kilo-Moto c. 1941
279:Office des Transports Coloniaux
841:Officers of the Force Publique
16:Belgian colonial administrator
1:
544:Souvenirs d'Afrique 1902-1919
190:Peacetime service (1901–1914)
55:2 August 1917 – 1919
732:Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer
710:"Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces"
185:Colonial service (1901–1919)
7:
454:Matadi-LĂ©opoldville Railway
405:Business career (1920–1958)
10:
862:
836:Congo Free State officials
816:Businesspeople from Bruges
778:"MOULAERT (George Brunon)"
701:
681:Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces
408:
349:Battle for Lake Tanganyika
328:, and earned a reprimand.
212:he also experimented with
726:Vanderlinden, R. (1968),
370:action of 22 October 1917
204:. He was assigned to the
125:
117:
100:
80:
75:
71:
59:
48:
41:
37:
28:
21:
584:
429:Minister of the Colonies
292:World War I (1914–1918)
150:Early years (1875–1901)
755:, De Boeck Supérieur,
551:Moulaert (G.) (1950),
542:Moulaert (G.) (1948),
524:Moulaert (G.) (1934),
513:on 17 September 1958.
420:
357:Geoffrey Spicer-Simson
304:
232:
121:Colonial administrator
495:Stanleyville Province
418:
299:
283:Commandement du GĂ©nie
230:
503:Kilo-Moto Gold Mines
224:(Bas Congo) region.
423:At the end of 1919
214:wireless telegraphy
784:(in French), ARSOM
493:, commissioner of
421:
333:German East Africa
319:operations in the
305:
277:(Unatra) and then
233:
206:Fort de Shinkakasa
175:Charles Liebrechts
762:978-2-8041-1881-5
693:Vanderlinden 1994
669:Vanderlinden 1968
136:Équateur Province
129:
128:
104:17 September 1958
853:
821:Belgian generals
791:
790:
789:
772:
771:
769:
745:
744:
743:
722:
721:
720:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
631:
628:Vanthemsche 2013
625:
579:
573:
565:
556:
547:
538:
529:
366:Houthulst Forest
321:Kamerun campaign
251:fermes-chapelles
171:Congo Free State
107:
90:
88:
76:Personal details
62:
53:
33:
19:
18:
861:
860:
856:
855:
854:
852:
851:
850:
796:
795:
794:
787:
785:
767:
765:
763:
741:
739:
718:
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704:
699:
691:
687:
679:
675:
667:
634:
626:
591:
587:
582:
567:
566:
519:
491:Rodolphe Dufour
470:Alexis Bertrand
448:inaugurated at
413:
407:
399:Alphonse Engels
378:
337:Lake Tanganyika
294:
246:Catholic Church
192:
187:
179:King Leopold II
152:
109:
105:
92:
86:
84:
66:Alphonse Engels
60:
54:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
859:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
793:
792:
773:
761:
746:
723:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:
695:, p. 361.
685:
673:
632:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:
557:
548:
539:
530:
520:
518:
515:
406:
403:
394:Coquilhatville
377:
374:
368:attack in the
341:Force publique
293:
290:
202:Force Publique
197:Force Publique
191:
188:
186:
183:
151:
148:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
108:(aged 83)
102:
98:
97:
82:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
858:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
783:
779:
774:
764:
758:
754:
753:
747:
738:on 2019-09-07
737:
733:
729:
724:
715:
711:
707:
706:
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531:
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471:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
417:
412:
402:
401:(1880–1962).
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
373:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
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322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
298:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Belgian Congo
260:
259:Prince Albert
255:
253:
252:
247:
243:
239:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:
182:
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176:
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167:
165:
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157:
147:
145:
141:
140:Belgian Congo
137:
133:
124:
120:
116:
112:
103:
99:
95:
83:
79:
74:
70:
67:
64:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
786:, retrieved
781:
766:, retrieved
751:
740:, retrieved
736:the original
731:
717:, retrieved
713:
688:
676:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
517:Publications
508:
483:
475:
466:
425:Louis Franck
422:
379:
361:Jules Renkin
345:Lukuga River
340:
330:
326:Eugène Henry
312:
306:
301:Baron Dhanis
300:
287:
282:
267:LĂ©opoldville
256:
249:
242:LĂ©opoldville
234:
218:French Congo
210:tour of duty
201:
195:
193:
168:
164:torpedo boat
153:
146:gold mines.
131:
130:
106:(1958-09-17)
61:Succeeded by
50:
811:1958 deaths
806:1875 births
390:Congo-KasaĂŻ
353:Albertville
309:World War I
273:(Sonatra),
91:19 May 1875
800:Categories
788:2020-08-12
742:2020-08-12
719:2020-08-05
714:Rulers.org
499:La Belgika
458:Uele River
409:See also:
313:Luxembourg
166:company).
118:Occupation
87:1875-05-19
768:12 August
450:Soleniana
411:Kilo-Moto
144:Kilo-Moto
113:, Belgium
96:, Belgium
51:In office
570:citation
511:Brussels
501:and the
441:alluvium
386:Équateur
222:Manianga
220:in the
111:Brussels
702:Sources
460:to the
445:eluvium
160:pontoon
138:in the
759:
479:Kalima
427:, the
317:Sangha
156:Bruges
94:Bruges
585:Notes
770:2020
757:ISBN
576:link
462:Nile
443:and
437:Moto
435:and
433:Kilo
382:Yser
162:and
101:Died
81:Born
248:'s
802::
780:,
730:,
712:,
635:^
592:^
572:}}
568:{{
372:.
683:.
671:.
630:.
578:)
240:(
89:)
85:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
