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732:'s bet that he had placed on the election of Bingham versus his opponent, Erasmus Sappington. Bingham also purposefully kept the scene outside to represent universal suffrage, one of his beliefs. The openness of the setting shows that politics should happen in the open rather than behind the curtains of the government. The idea of universal suffrage agrees with Bingham's ideas of the will of the people: every white man should have the right to vote because the will of the people should be the supreme law.
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meaning for
Bingham. He believed that people had a right to share their ideas; he also believed that he lost his seat in legislature in 1846 due to the improper following of the people's will. A mill in the background of the painting provided both a local detail and a reference to a Whig candidate who used a mill as a political symbol. The cedar barrels are evocative of a different Whig candidate who used cedar barrels as his political symbol. In his first painting of
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807:, tells the end of the story represented in the series. Within this painting, Bingham hid several political motives and ideas similar to the rest of the Election Series. Completed in 1854, the work covered issues of slavery, temperance, and a representative government, subjects that had gone from a local to a national level. During the early 1850s, the temperance movement grew and more states were abolishing alcohol. A book by Herman Humphrey, titled
698:. Bingham intended for the Election Series to reach a national audience rather than Missourians alone. To spread his idea of free people and free institutions, Bingham exhibited his paintings in Washington and urged the Library Committee of Congress to purchase them so American leaders could view them. When the Library Committee of Congress decided to not purchase his trio, he lent the paintings to the Mercantile Library Association in St. Louis.
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was only relative to
Missouri, so in order to generalize the message of the painting to the nation, Bingham removed the two men tossing a coin in the print version. In the corner of the original painting a newspaper title reads, "The Missouri Republican"; Bingham requested that the man who replicated
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Though many people understood and supported the principles portrayed by
Bingham, some believed that Bingham did not correctly portray his beliefs. A critic complained that the painting made a mockery of American principles by including details such as the drunkard voting in the foreground. The critic
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The following year, Rollins
Bingham hauled his father's "Order No. 11" to Ohio and displayed it while opposing the gubernatorial run of its issuer, Gen. Thomas Ewing, Jr. (who lost the narrow race). Litigation concerning his late brother's estate in Mexico would drag on for years, and upon his wife's
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The GCBCRS is built upon and continues E. Maurice Bloch's authoritative George Caleb
Bingham Catalogue Raisonné of paintings and drawings, begun in the 1940s, which includes Bingham's known paintings up to 1986 (Bloch died in 1989). All 23 paintings authenticated by the GCBCRS Committee were unknown
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held a retrospective exhibition of his work, and others noticed his depictions of ordinary people from the middle of the previous century. However, by 1963, his gravestone had become defaced as that historic area of Kansas City deteriorated. Although activists restored
Bingham's former home in Arrow
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Bingham married twice more, first to Eliza K. Thomas. After several years, she was confined to a mental asylum, where she died in 1876. He next married the widow Martha Lykins, a Kansas City community activist respected for her work among orphans (despite her
Confederate activism years earlier), but
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depicts a variety of people from several different social classes, such as young boys playing a game, two men talking about the election happening around them, and a mass of men walking up the stairs to vote. A banner shows the words, "The Will of the People The
Supreme Law", a credo that had great
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have been recognized by the government as a distinct group with status similar to First
Nations. The painting is haunting for its evocation of an era in American history—note, in particular, the liberty cap worn by the older man. A black fox seated at the front of the boat is secured by a chain.
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sympathizers (and later became the subject of a painting shown herein). Boonville also would be briefly occupied by
Confederate troops on October 11, 1863, and again on October 11, 1864. Meanwhile, Bingham also continued to paint more portraits, which had always been his "bread and butter" work.
252:(in which he would remain active throughout his life). He also considered becoming a lawyer. His elder brother Matthias Bingham would travel to Texas to fight for its independence in 1836, and remain in Mexico until his death in 1861, becoming a large landowner in the process but never marrying.
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in western Missouri to limit support for Confederate partisans. Bingham believed many of the atrocities on the Kansas–Missouri border were in fact committed by pro-Union "Jayhawkers" with Ewing's connivance. The order backfired by exacerbating resentments against occupying troops even by Union
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resolutions" in 1849, although their proponent was also a resident of Saline County. He would also represent Missouri's eighth district at the Whig National Convention in June 1852. Bingham's political interests would be reflected in his vivid paintings of frontier political life.
161:, George Caleb Bingham was the second of seven children that Mary Amend (1789–1851) bore with her husband Henry Vest Bingham (1784–1823). Upon their marriage, Mary's father Matthias Amend gave the Binghams ownership of the family mill, 1,180 acres (4.8 km) land, and several
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the following year. He appeared to have won in 1846 by 3 votes, but lost in a recount. In a reprise of the election in 1848, Bingham won the seat by a decisive margin, becoming one of the few artists to serve in elected political office. He actively opposed the pro-slavery
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where he fought against the extension of slavery westward. During that war, although born in Virginia, Bingham was dedicated to the Union cause and became captain of a volunteer company which helped keep the state from joining the Confederacy, and then served four years as
583:—directed and edited by Bingham scholar Fred R. Kline—announced the authentication of ten recently discovered paintings by Bingham. As of June 2015, a total of twenty-three (23) newly discovered paintings by Bingham have been authenticated and are listed with the GCBCRS.
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with the agreement that Matthias could live with the family for the rest of his life. Henry Bingham offered the land and mill as surety for a friend's debt and, when the friend died in 1818, all was lost. In 1819, the Bingham family (including grandfather Amend) moved to
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and William Kloss. At the Bingham Bicentennial, ten newly discovered paintings were announced by the GCBCRS; as of June 2015, the GCBCRS has added 23 paintings to Bingham's body of work. The paintings exhibited, catalogued, and illustrated online include:
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Bingham returned to America after the death of his wife's father in 1859. He continued to travel throughout Missouri seeking commissions, and again became involved in politics. In the 1860 election, Missourians had elected his one-time opponent, Democrat
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By age nineteen, Bingham was painting portraits for $ 20.00 apiece, often completing the works in a single day. He found clients in Howard and Saline counties and nearby areas. Though his painting abilities were still developing, he impressed his
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death, many of Bingham's works would be sold and the proceeds funded the Confederate Veterans Home despite Bingham's Union sympathies, although after her death her charitable work among orphans would continue under the auspices of the
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was then his most famous work.) Leutze was unusual for living in both countries and had an open studio in DĂĽsseldorf, where he welcomed Bingham as a friend and already successful artist. While in Germany, Bingham worked on important
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based in New York (which distributed engravings of his "Jolly Flatboatmen" to 10,000 subscribers in 1847 and would purchase and distribute several more paintings in the next seven years), Bingham ran for election as a Whig to the
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Although the Whig Party was nearly defunct by the time Bingham returned to Missouri, Bingham also returned to politics, and he would later align with the Democratic Party. He continued to stay involved in politics in the
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275:, also on the Missouri River and nearer his home, was the state capital), and was beginning to make a name as a portrait artist. Several prominent local citizens visited his studio for portraits, including the lawyer
452:, and sent the state national guard's artillery pieces down the Mississippi River for Confederate service. Bingham, as a dedicated Union man, raised troops to oppose Jackson and his appointed ally, Major General
384:, Bingham traveled to Europe for an extensive tour with his second wife Eliza and youngest daughter. First they stayed in Paris for several months, where Bingham fulfilled a long-cherished desire and studied the
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Bingham died on July 7, 1879, in Kansas City, Missouri. He was survived by his wife of less than a year, as well as his son by his second wife, (James) Rollins Bingham (1861–1910), who became a lawyer in
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of 1820 which had led to the state's creation), 25-year-old Bingham married 18-year-old Sarah Elizabeth Hutchison (1818–1848), who bore him four children before her death. From 1837 to 1845 they lived in
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George Bingham was initially educated by his mother, and self-taught as an artist. His sole childhood exposure to a working artist was as a nine-year-old boy, when famed American portraitist
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by strong draftsmanship as well as his native ability to capture his subject's likeness, and he was able to support himself by this work by 1833. Soon Bingham was ready to travel to
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at the age of thirty-eight. His investment in a tobacco venture had failed, and debts forced the sale of the home in Franklin. The young sons barely kept their small farm in nearby
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thought the title potentially controversial and renamed it when it was first exhibited. It reflected the reality of fur trappers and traders frequently marrying
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On December 23, 1823, Bingham's father Henry, who had initially opened a tavern in Franklin and in 1821 become the judge of the Howard County Court, died of
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2124:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on George Caleb Bingham (see index)
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had also been elected president and secession talk abounded. Upon taking office, Governor Jackson opened communications with Confederates, including
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governor to replace Jackson. Jackson refused to accept his deposition, instead declaring Missouri a "Free Republic" on August 5 and traveling to
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As an artist, Bingham's reputation languished by the turn of the century, but increased in 1933, long after his death. Fellow Missouri artist
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there. In 1875, the governor appointed Bingham as Adjutant-General of Missouri, so thereafter he was often referred to as "General Bingham".
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124:(March 20, 1811 – July 7, 1879) was an American artist, soldier and politician known in his lifetime as "the Missouri Artist". Initially a
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By the time of his bicentennial in 2011, Bingham was considered one of the greatest American painters of the 19th century. That year the
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from the Missouri State Legislature of Presidents Washington and Jefferson (later destroyed by fire), as well as independent paintings.
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claimed that because Bingham had shown drinking and gambling as part of the election process, he was defaming the political process.
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afloat, in part with the help of their father's brother John, who had moved to the area and donated half the land which became
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832:(a political allegory posing the question of U.S. Constitutional law versus Vigilantism in the Western regions of the U.S.),
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Casper, Scott (1991). "Politics, Art, and the Contradictions of a Market Culture: George Caleb Bingham's 'Stump Speaking'".
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1810 U.S. Federal Census for Rockingham County, Virginia (adjacent to Augusta County) shows Henry Bingham as owning 6 slaves
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Bingham returned with his family to St. Louis permanently in 1845. Despite—or because of—his commercial success through the
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to Bloch. Nearly all Bingham's over 500 recorded paintings (460 are portraits) are unsigned, including famous ones such as
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his painting change the title to "The National Intelligencer" so that the painting would generalize to a larger audience.
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George Caleb Bingham Junior High School, in Kansas City, Missouri (no longer in operation), was named for him.
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was begun in 2005, directed and edited by art historian Fred R. Kline with initial advisory board members
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His first wife, Sarah, and eldest son, Newton, who died when 4 years old. (George Caleb Bingham, ca 1841)
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Toward the end of his life, although quite ill, Bingham was appointed the first Professor of Art at the
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Erasmus D Sappington (1809–1858) married Penelope Breathitt (1823–1904) daughter of Kentucky Governor
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their marriage lasted less than a year before Bingham died (Martha Lykins Bingham died in 1890).
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bought his early AAU work, "Fur Traders Descending the Missouri" described below. In 1934, the
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1822:; National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.); International Exhibitions Foundation (1987).
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Daniel M. Grissom, "George Caleb Bingham" Encyclopedia of Missouri (1901) vol. 1 pp. 274-275
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George Caleb Bingham Middle School (Formerly George Caleb Bingham 7th Grade Center) in the
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Bingham then decided to try formal education in the east, and moved with his young wife to
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Laura Rigal, "Black Work at the Polling Place: the Color Line in'The County Election'."
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The University of Missouri has named the George Caleb Bingham Art Gallery in his honor.
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1602:"Henry Vest Bingham's diary of the journey is held by the Missouri Historical Society"
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The first painting made for the Election Series shows the voting process in Missouri.
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1828:. International Exhibitions Foundation for the National Museum of Women in the Arts.
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2010:
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1895:"George Caleb Bingham | Fur Traders Descending the Missouri | American"
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By 1838, Bingham had established a studio in St. Louis, the state's major city (
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George Caleb Bingham Catalogue Raisonné Supplement Of Paintings & Drawings
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George Caleb Bingham Catalogue Raisonné Supplement Of Paintings & Drawings
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George Caleb Bingham : Missouri's Famed Painter and Forgotten Politician
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years through political appointments. In 1874, he was appointed president of
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George Caleb Bingham Catalogue Raisonné Supplement of Paintings and Drawings
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Groseclose, Barbara (1987). "Painting, Politics, and George Caleb Bingham".
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Paintings from the Permanent Collection of the Utah Museum of Fine Arts
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George Caleb Bingham: Missouri's Famed Painter and Forgotten Politician
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Schwartz, Sanford (June 25, 2015). "The Lure of Life on the Missouri".
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2111:(University of Missouri Press, 2005). xx, 161 pp. heavily illustrated.
840:(Bingham's only known Hudson River painting); and portraits including
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1718:"George Caleb Bingham - Artist of Missouri and the American Frontier"
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544:. George Caleb Bingham was buried at Kansas City's Union Cemetery.
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One of Bingham's most famous paintings, this work is owned by the
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Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
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by some historians of American art, it was originally entitled,
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visited Franklin looking for business, having recently sketched
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near the state's center as well as the eastern terminus of the
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392:, likely his chief reason for going abroad. They went on to
1591:, ed. Michael Edward Shapiro (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990).
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Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap
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Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap
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in Saline County, where their house has been designated a
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The Paintings of George Caleb Bingham: A Catalog Raissoné
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In 1856, two years after the tumultuous creation of the
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of former Native American territory (thus violating the
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Board of Police Commissioners, and appointed the first
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in New York. Painted around 1845 in the style called
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In September 1861, Governor Gamble appointed Bingham
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At age sixteen, the young Bingham was apprenticed to
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Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896
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exhibition. Bingham then spent nearly five years in
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1691:George Caleb Bingham: Frontier Painter of Missouri
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1788:The Painting And Politics of George Caleb Bingham
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1956:Common-place: the Journal of Early American Life
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860:(Bingham's largest portrait at 80 inches high),
801:The last painting of Bingham's Election Series,
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2122:Art and the empire city: New York, 1825–1861
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1587:Nagel, Paul C., "The Man and His Times," in
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1877:"Bingham Junior High School Dedication"
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886:Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
630:Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
619:Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
606:Independence Public School District
598:Independence Public School District
572:(which ultimately was designated a
13:
2993:19th-century American male artists
2933:Artists from Kansas City, Missouri
2101:
1928:
1286:, oil on canvas mounted on board,
205:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
14:
3009:
2998:19th-century Missouri politicians
2978:19th-century American legislators
2115:
1825:American women artists, 1830–1930
858:Civil War Lt. Col. Levi Pritchard
747:
498:
369:Missouri House of Representatives
264:to ply his trade, but contracted
2968:American municipal police chiefs
2881:
2048:
1944:. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc.
1417:Washington Crossing the Delaware
1077:
1062:
1055:Washington Crossing the Delaware
1047:
1032:
1017:
1002:
981:
966:
951:
936:
921:
906:
411:Washington Crossing the Delaware
2948:Artists from Columbia, Missouri
2029:
1994:
1979:
1964:
1948:
1912:
1887:
1869:
1851:
1842:
1793:
1742:
1696:
836:(Bingham's first river genre),
2938:University of Missouri faculty
2918:19th-century American painters
1899:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1859:"George Caleb Bingham Gallery"
1790:(Yale University Press, 1991).
1594:
1561:
1520:
890:The Emigration of Daniel Boone
739:The reference to Marmaduke in
612:
1:
2988:DĂĽsseldorf school of painting
2928:Luminism (American art style)
2241:DĂĽsseldorf School of painting
2153:Works by George Caleb Bingham
1483:
992:
634:
398:DĂĽsseldorf school of painting
2943:State treasurers of Missouri
1920:The New York Review of Books
1544:University of Missouri Press
1171:, 1843–1844, oil on canvas,
7:
1471:
846:Lewis Allen Dicken Crenshaw
686:comprises three paintings:
469:State Treasurer of Missouri
203:1846. Painting held by the
16:American artist (1811–1879)
10:
3014:
2963:American portrait painters
1883:. 17 May 1960. p. 19.
1722:www.georgecalebbingham.org
1558:(Marquis Who's Who, 1967).
1478:George Caleb Bingham House
1372:, 1854–55, oil on canvas,
1356:, 1853–54, oil on canvas,
1302:, c. 1850, oil on canvas,
1139:, 1838–39, oil on canvas,
1107:, 1834–35, oil on canvas,
899:
842:Colin Dunlop & His Dog
772:Within Bingham's painting
645:Metropolitan Museum of Art
574:National Historic Landmark
570:George Caleb Bingham House
561:Metropolitan Museum of Art
550:Little Sisters of the Poor
337:National Historic Landmark
296:National Academy of Design
2879:
2633:
2572:
2494:Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow
2247:
2198:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2078:Cite uses generic title (
1990:. University of Missouri.
1940:Shapiro, Michael (1993).
1734:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1426:Jolly Flatboatmen in Port
1369:The Verdict of the People
1040:Jolly Flatboatmen in Port
815:Bingham Bicentennial 2011
804:The Verdict of the People
795:The Verdict of the People
785:The Verdict of the People
696:The Verdict of the People
109:
101:
85:
66:
44:
28:
21:
2585:Kunstakademie DĂĽsseldorf
2192:Missouri State Treasurer
2089:) CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1750:"Missouri Legislators B"
1420:, 1856–71, oil on canvas
1315:, oil on canvas, 1851–52
1232:, 1846–47, oil on canvas
1095:
1012:, oil on canvas, 1851–52
535:Death, legacy and honors
201:Boatmen on the Missouri,
159:Augusta County, Virginia
153:Early life and education
59:Augusta County, Virginia
2504:Johann Wilhelm Schirmer
2185:Alfred William Morrison
2147:Corcoran Gallery of Art
1460:Portrait of Vinnie Ream
1275:National Gallery of Art
1189:Corcoran Gallery of Art
408:in the United States. (
191:Warren County, Missouri
2958:Painters from Missouri
2953:Painters from Virginia
2923:American male painters
2627:Treasurers of Missouri
2449:Karl Friedrich Lessing
2299:William Holbrook Beard
2055:georgecalebbingham.org
1848:georgecalebbingham.org
1689:Christ-Janer, Albert,
1503:"George Caleb Bingham"
1431:Saint Louis Art Museum
1406:Saint Louis Art Museum
1390:Saint Louis Art Museum
1374:Saint Louis Art Museum
1358:Saint Louis Art Museum
1326:Saint Louis Art Museum
1288:Saint Louis Art Museum
1259:Saint Louis Art Museum
1243:Saint Louis Art Museum
1238:Raftsmen Playing Cards
1218:Saint Louis Art Museum
1202:Saint Louis Art Museum
1173:Saint Louis Art Museum
1157:Saint Louis Art Museum
1141:Saint Louis Art Museum
1125:Saint Louis Art Museum
1120:General Richard Gentry
1109:Saint Louis Art Museum
914:Raftsmen Playing Cards
854:Frederick Moss Prewitt
798:
762:
716:
640:
602:Independence, Missouri
542:Independence, Missouri
521:University of Missouri
436:
435:of 1863 (painted 1868)
359:
319:
229:Jesse Green in nearby
207:
2389:Johann Wilhelm Cordes
2359:Joseph Niklaus BĂĽtler
1445:, 1868, oil on canvas
1401:The Belated Wayfarers
1337:Canvassing for a Vote
1299:Shooting for the Beef
1213:Landscape with Cattle
1025:Canvassing for a Vote
989:Shooting for the Beef
793:
757:
730:ex-governor Marmaduke
711:
627:
586:Honors also include:
442:Claiborne Fox Jackson
430:
404:, the most prominent
354:
317:
199:
78:Kansas City, Missouri
2539:Zdzisław Suchodolski
2474:Victorine Nordenswan
2334:George Caleb Bingham
1986:Nagel, Paul (2005).
1973:American Art Journal
1942:George Caleb Bingham
1881:The Kansas City Star
1589:George Caleb Bingham
1342:Nelson-Atkins Museum
850:Fanny Smith Crenshaw
713:The County Election,
565:St. Louis Art Museum
135:Missouri's Treasurer
122:George Caleb Bingham
23:George Caleb Bingham
2580:Hudson River School
2519:Karl Ferdinand Sohn
2404:David Edward Cronin
1702:Missouri Cyclopedia
1645:Missouri cyclopedia
1618:on December 1, 2018
1321:The County Election
1270:Mississippi Boatman
959:Mississippi Boatman
894:The County Election
741:The County Election
726:The County Election
721:The County Election
703:The County Election
688:The County Election
677:The Election Series
608:Board Of Education.
347:Career in St. Louis
328:Missouri Compromise
310:Marriage and family
2424:Ferdinand Fagerlin
2394:Ludwig des Coudres
2369:Wilhelm Camphausen
2324:Ludolph Berkemeier
2279:Peter Nicolai Arbo
2177:Political offices
2167:2018-05-19 at the
2149:, Washington, D.C.
1805:2009-04-16 at the
1451:View of Pikes Peak
1277:, Washington, D.C.
1191:, Washington, D.C.
1070:View of Pikes Peak
799:
778:Meredith Marmaduke
763:
717:
661:American Art Union
641:
557:Thomas Hart Benton
525:Columbia, Missouri
462:Richmond, Virginia
437:
423:American Civil War
406:historical painter
364:American Art Union
360:
356:Jolly Flatboatmen,
320:
281:Columbia, Missouri
208:
168:Franklin, Missouri
157:Born on a farm in
130:American Civil War
2890:
2889:
2593:
2592:
2524:Eduard SteinbrĂĽck
2379:Gustaf Cederström
2264:Andreas Achenbach
2208:
2207:
2199:Succeeded by
2162:Paintings Gallery
1835:978-0-940979-01-7
1667:digital.shsmo.org
1429:, oil on canvas,
1404:, oil on canvas,
1388:, oil on canvas,
1340:, oil on canvas,
1324:, oil on canvas,
1273:, oil on canvas,
1241:, oil on canvas,
1216:, oil on canvas,
1200:, oil on canvas,
1197:Jolly Flatboatmen
1187:, oil on canvas,
1136:Judge Henry Lewis
1123:, oil on canvas,
304:John Quincy Adams
119:
118:
3005:
2885:
2884:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2469:Bengt Nordenberg
2459:Albert de Meuron
2364:Alexandre Calame
2294:Hans von Bartels
2274:Hermann AnschĂĽtz
2269:Oswald Achenbach
2234:
2227:
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2182:Preceded by
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2173:
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1916:
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1907:
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1891:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1863:art.missouri.edu
1855:
1849:
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1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1611:. Archived from
1606:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1538:EM Bloch (1986)
1536:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1505:. Archived from
1499:
1467:), oil on canvas
1152:Mrs. Henry Lewis
1081:
1066:
1051:
1036:
1021:
1006:
997:
994:
985:
970:
955:
940:
925:
910:
870:Thomas B. Hudson
834:Baiting the Hook
639:
636:
488:Jackson Counties
431:General Ewing's
382:Kansas Territory
300:Washington, D.C.
277:James S. Rollins
73:
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33:
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3008:
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2629:
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2594:
2589:
2568:
2559:Fritz von Wille
2554:Clara von Wille
2544:Adolph Tidemand
2534:Bernhard Studer
2509:Adolf Schrödter
2499:Caspar Scheuren
2454:Ascan Lutteroth
2374:August Cappelen
2349:Friedrich Boser
2339:Georg Bleibtreu
2289:Anders Askevold
2252:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2204:
2195:
2187:
2169:Wayback Machine
2142:Cottage Scenery
2118:
2107:Nagel, Paul C.
2104:
2102:Further reading
2099:
2098:
2084:
2077:
2068:
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2060:
2058:
2051:"usurped title"
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1491:
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1474:
1454:, oil on canvas
1385:Old Field Horse
1346:Kansas City, MO
1306:, New York City
1304:Brooklyn Museum
1184:Cottage Scenery
1098:
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1082:
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862:Charles Chilton
817:
788:
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706:
684:Election Series
680:
665:Native American
653:French Trader,
637:
622:
615:
537:
514:chief of police
501:
458:Hamilton Gamble
450:Jefferson Davis
446:Abraham Lincoln
425:
349:
324:Platte Purchase
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183:Chester Harding
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2529:Hermine Stilke
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2471:
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2464:Heinrich MĂĽcke
2461:
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2439:Lars Hertervig
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2384:Fanny Churberg
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2259:Victoria Ă…berg
2255:
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2116:External links
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2113:
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2100:
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2096:
2049:Slot, Bola88.
2041:
2037:John Breathitt
2028:
2015:10.1086/424119
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774:Stump Speaking
767:Stump Speaking
759:Stump Speaking
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749:Stump Speaking
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692:Stump Speaking
679:
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536:
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500:
499:Postwar career
497:
454:Sterling Price
424:
421:
402:Emanuel Leutze
358:(painted 1846)
348:
345:
311:
308:
273:Jefferson City
250:Baptist Church
176:Santa Fe Trail
172:Missouri River
154:
151:
145:exemplify the
143:Missouri River
117:
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103:
102:Known for
99:
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74:(aged 68)
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55:March 20, 1811
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2489:Raphael Ritz
2419:Eugen DĂĽcker
2354:Anton BĂĽtler
2333:
2329:Edward Beyer
2319:Edward Bergh
2309:Jakob Becker
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2059:. Retrieved
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2009:(3): 27–47.
2006:
2003:American Art
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1958:9.1 (2008).
1955:
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1941:
1925:(11): 51–52.
1922:
1919:
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1902:. Retrieved
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1757:. Retrieved
1753:
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1666:
1620:. Retrieved
1613:the original
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1507:the original
1459:
1450:
1442:Order No. 11
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669:MĂ©tis people
652:
642:
628:
618:
585:
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578:
568:Rock as the
554:
546:
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502:
490:and part of
476:Order No. 11
466:
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433:Order No. 11
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409:
379:
361:
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341:
321:
288:Philadelphia
285:
270:
254:
224:
209:
200:
187:Daniel Boone
180:
156:
121:
120:
72:(1879-07-07)
70:July 7, 1879
2908:1879 deaths
2903:1811 births
2868:Fitzpatrick
2763:C. Stephens
2723:L. Stephens
2564:Kilian Zoll
2414:Ernst Deger
2314:Gunnar Berg
2284:Louis Asher
1465:Vinnie Ream
1254:The Student
1087:Vinnie Ream
996: 1850
830:Horse Thief
638: 1845
613:Major works
510:Kansas City
417:commissions
386:Old Masters
139:Kansas City
2897:Categories
2828:Spainhower
2753:Middelkamp
2249:Associated
2196:1862–1865
1800:"About Us"
1663:"Page 426"
1513:2018-11-30
1484:References
825:Paul Nagel
682:Bingham's
655:Half-breed
394:DĂĽsseldorf
333:Arrow Rock
220:Arrow Rock
90:Autodidact
51:1811-03-20
2813:Carpenter
2683:Dallmeyer
2658:McClellan
2648:Earickson
2434:Hans Gude
2409:Hans Dahl
2023:153805974
1609:shsmo.org
1057:, 1856–71
931:, 1846–47
761:, 1853–54
506:Civil War
262:St. Louis
242:ministers
239:Methodist
231:Boonville
170:, on the
86:Education
2853:Steelman
2833:Carnahan
2823:Robinson
2758:Thompson
2733:Williams
2708:Chappell
2668:Morrison
2251:painters
2165:Archived
2145:, 1845,
2071:cite web
1803:Archived
1730:cite web
1472:See also
649:luminism
147:Luminist
114:Luminism
110:Movement
105:Painting
2863:Schmitt
2858:Zweifel
2743:Cowgill
2738:Gmelich
2713:Seibert
2673:Bingham
2643:Simonds
2573:Related
2155:at the
2061:Mar 13,
1904:Mar 13,
1759:21 June
1672:Mar 13,
1622:Mar 13,
1457:1876 –
1448:1872 –
1439:1868 –
1423:1857 –
1414:1856 –
1398:1856 –
1382:1856 –
1366:1854 –
1350:1853 –
1334:1852 –
1318:1852 –
1309:1851 –
1296:1850 –
1280:1850 –
1267:1850 –
1251:1848 –
1235:1847 –
1226:1846 –
1210:1846 –
1194:1846 –
1181:1845 –
1165:1843 –
1149:1838 –
1133:1838 –
1117:1837 –
1101:1834 –
900:Gallery
797:1854–55
473:Ewing's
388:at the
374:Jackson
266:measles
258:patrons
212:malaria
149:style.
2848:Farmer
2843:Holden
2838:Bailey
2818:Morris
2808:Morris
2798:Morris
2718:Noland
2698:Mercer
2693:Salmon
2678:Bishop
2663:Glover
2653:Walker
2638:Didier
2021:
1960:online
1832:
1754:mo.gov
1090:, 1876
1072:, 1872
1042:, 1857
1027:, 1852
976:, 1850
961:, 1850
946:, 1850
916:, 1847
892:, and
694:, and
659:. The
163:slaves
80:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
2873:Malek
2803:Bates
2768:Brunk
2728:Pitts
2703:Gates
2019:S2CID
1616:(PDF)
1605:(PDF)
1096:Works
504:post-
484:Bates
2793:Nacy
2788:Winn
2783:Bell
2778:Winn
2773:Nacy
2748:Deal
2688:Hays
2091:link
2087:link
2080:help
2063:2023
1906:2023
1830:ISBN
1761:2015
1736:link
1674:2023
1624:2023
876:and
819:The
715:1852
486:and
480:Cass
126:Whig
67:Died
45:Born
2011:doi
657:Son
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279:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
