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509:, intended to commercially exploit the Kinemacolor process. Urban’s future wife, Ada Jones, purchased the Kinemacolor patent from Smith. This enabled Urban to sell Kinemacolor licenses all around the world. Smith felt he was cheated into selling his invention too cheaply, and Urban believed that Smith was selling secrets to rival inventors. However, Smith remained an employee of the Natural Color Kinematograph Company and testified on its behalf during the 1914 lawsuit by rival inventor
277:. Smith also began to present these dioramic lectures at the Brighton Aquarium, where he had first performed with Douglas Blackburn in 1882. Smith's skilful manipulation of the lantern, cutting between lenses (from slide to slide) to show changes in time, perspective and location necessary for story telling, would allow him to develop many of the skills he would later put to use as a pioneering film maker developing the grammar of film editing.
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Smith was granted a patent for the new process, which abandoned the three-colour approach of Edward Turner in favour of a two-colour (red-green) The process was first demonstrated on 1 May 1908, followed by further demonstrations in 1908 and public demonstration from early 1909 as far afield as Paris
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222:. Hall concluded that Smith (using his stage abilities) faked the results that Gurney trusted in his research papers, and this may have led to Gurney's mysterious death from a narcotic overdose in June 1888. Following Gurney's death, his successors,
273:, which he cultivated into a popular pleasure garden, where from 1894 he started staging public exhibitions of hot air ballooning, parachute jumps, a monkey house, a fortune teller, a hermit living in a cave and magic lantern shows of a series of
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In 1899 Smith, with the financial assistance of Urban, constructed a glass house film studio at St. Ann's Well
Gardens, ushering in a highly creative period for him as a film maker. That year he shot the single scene
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174:, London in 1864. His father Charles Smith was a ticket-writer and artist. He moved with his family to Brighton, where his mother ran a boarding house on Grand Parade, following the death of his father.
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from 1883 to 1888. In 1887, Gurney carried out a number of "hypnotic experiments" in
Brighton, with Smith as his "hypnotiser", which in their day made Gurney an impressive figure to the British public.
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to the end of his twice-daily programme of projected entertainment at the
Brighton Aquarium, as an outlet for his burgeoning film production. Many of Smith's early films, including
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system of his own. Both he and his neighbour
Williamson would go on to become pioneering film makers in their own right creating numerous historic minute-long films.
206:(SPR) accepted Smith's claims that the act was genuine and after becoming a member of the society he was appointed private secretary to the Honorary Secretary
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commissioned by
Charles Urban of the Warwick Trading Company after rival company Mutoscope and Biograph acquired the rights to film the actual event. In 1903
373:(all 1898), include special effects created using a process of double-exposure patented by Smith. Many of Smith's films were acquired for distribution by
513:, which challenged Smith's Kinemacolor patent. Smith's patent for the Kinemacolor process was revoked in 1915, after which it faded out of public view.
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898:
Gray, Frank (2009), "The Kiss in the Tunnel (1899), G.A. Smith and the Rise of the Edited Film in
England", in Grieveson, Lee; Kramer, Peter (eds.),
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In 1902 Smith collaborated with old friend
Georges Méliès at the Star Films studio in Montreil, Paris, on a pre-enactment of the
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439:(all 1900). Film historian Frank Gray describes this experimental period, from 1897 to 1900, as Smith's laboratory years.
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It was in
Brighton in the early 1880s that Smith first came to public attention touring the city's performance halls as a
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Improvements in, and relating to, Kinematograph
Apparatus for the Production of Coloured Pictures - British patent 26,607
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First Colour Moving
Pictures Discovered: The First Colour Moving Pictures Made by Lee and Turner (Restored film video)
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genre and demonstrate the possibilities of creative editing. The following year he experimented with reversing in
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taking the rights to Smith's films with him, at what marked the end of his most active period as a film-maker.
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for developing and printing and developed into a successful commercial film processor as well as patenting a
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Blackburn publicly admitted fraud in 1908 and again in 1911, although Smith consistently denied it.
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and the two began a long business relationship with a joint show of Smith and Méliès' films at the
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In 1904, A. H. Tee took over the lease on St Ann's Well Gardens, and Smith moved to a new home in
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In the late 1940s he was rediscovered by the British film community, being made a Fellow of the
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Charles Urban: Pioneering the Non-Fiction Film in Britain and America, 1897-1925
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History of Brighton that includes the claim that Smith invented the closeup
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The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914
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In 1892, after leaving the SPR, he acquired the lease of the
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121:(4 January 1864 – 17 May 1959) was an English stage
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in 1903, into the first successful colour film process,
415:(1900), developed dream-time and the dissolve effect in
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and, perhaps his most accomplished work from this time,
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Since then it has been heavily studied and critiqued by
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A Yank in Britain: The Lost Memoirs of Charles Urban
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from the estate of financier and philanthropist Sir
145:. He is best known for his controversial work with
421:(1900) and pioneered the use of the close-up with
838:, 5 September 1911, cited in Hall (1964), p. 123.
822:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
529:has a permanent display on Smith and Williamson.
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525:in 1955. Smith died in Brighton on 17 May 1959.
402:View From an Engine Front - Train Leaving Tunnel
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395:(1899) which was then seamlessly edited into
284:in March 1896 and spurred on by the films of
280:Smith had attended the Lumière programme in
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355:(both 1897) the later of which, along with
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240:Experiments in Thought Transference
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18:George Albert Smith (film pioneer)
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1025:The Strange Case of Edmund Gurney
824:, volume 6 (1889-90), pp. 128–70.
220:The Strange Case of Edmund Gurney
1115:Old Man Drinking a Glass of Beer
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553:Old Man Drinking a Glass of Beer
332:Old Man Drinking a Glass of Beer
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343:whose influence can be seen in
1300:20th-century British inventors
962:. University of Exeter Press.
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319:On 29 March 1897, Smith added
204:Society for Psychical Research
151:Society for Psychical Research
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1335:British horror film directors
784:Who's Who in Victorian Cinema
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460:Charles Urban Trading Company
242:, for the society's journal.
27:British filmmaker (1864–1959)
1179:Grandma Threading her Needle
625:Grandma Threading her Needle
405:(1899) to enliven the staid
181:. In 1882 he teamed up with
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1163:As Seen Through a Telescope
609:As Seen Through a Telescope
430:As Seen Through a Telescope
48:George Albert Smith in 1902
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854:Cambridge University Press
632:A Quick Shave and Brush-up
505:In 1909 Urban founded the
135:Royal Astronomical Society
1320:Photographers from Sussex
1310:British parapsychologists
1251:Tartans of Scottish Clans
1203:The House That Jack Built
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876:Hall (1964), pp. 120–123.
848:Oppenheim, Janet (1988).
751:"Smith, G.A. (1864-1959)"
703:Tartans of Scottish Clans
655:The House That Jack Built
412:The House That Jack Built
249:At St. Ann's Well Gardens
141:by French film historian
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1195:The Old Maid's Valentine
1131:The Miller and the Sweep
900:The Silent Cinema Reader
885:Hall (1964), pp. 169–72.
647:The Old Maid's Valentine
577:The Miller and the Sweep
444:Coronation of Edward VII
326:The Miller and the Sweep
236:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick
133:lecturer, Fellow of the
1325:British cinema pioneers
1171:Grandma's Reading Glass
983:McKernan, Luke (1999).
958:McKernan, Luke (2018).
812:Hall (1964), pp. 92–94.
617:Grandma's Reading Glass
569:Hanging Out the Clothes
456:Warwick Trading Company
424:Grandma's Reading Glass
379:Warwick Trading Company
1330:British film directors
1267:A Visit to the Seaside
1155:The Kiss in the Tunnel
938:Smith (25 July 1907).
725:A Visit to the Seaside
601:The Kiss in the Tunnel
547:Making Sausages (1897)
392:The Kiss in the Tunnel
263:St. Ann's Well Gardens
258:
1227:The Death of Poor Joe
1219:The Inexhaustible Cab
1139:Photographing a Ghost
780:"George Albert Smith"
679:The Death of Poor Joe
671:The Inexhaustible Cab
585:Photographing a Ghost
511:William Friese-Greene
500:Royal Society of Arts
488:Edward Raymond Turner
364:Photographing a Ghost
358:The Corsican Brothers
292:acquired a prototype
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1007:Hall (1964), p. 173.
928:Hall (1964), p. 172.
533:Selected filmography
523:British Film Academy
517:Later life and death
448:Alexandra of Denmark
321:animated photographs
296:from local engineer
166:Birth and early life
102:Film maker, inventor
1095:George Albert Smith
1048:George Albert Smith
1027:. Gerald Duckworth.
803:Hall (1964), p. 92.
466:At Laboratory Lodge
271:Isaac Lyon Goldsmid
119:George Albert Smith
36:George Albert Smith
1315:British hypnotists
1235:Mary Jane's Mishap
1211:Let Me Dream Again
1107:The Haunted Castle
1093:Films directed by
987:. Projection Box.
906:(published 2004),
687:Mary Jane's Mishap
663:Let Me Dream Again
540:The Haunted Castle
484:Lee-Turner Process
418:Let Me Dream Again
352:The Haunted Castle
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170:Smith was born in
1340:English inventors
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755:BFI Screenonlinee
187:Brighton Aquarium
185:in an act at the
183:Douglas Blackburn
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383:Alhambra Theatre
290:James Williamson
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275:dissolving views
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81:(1959-05-17)
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1295:1959 deaths
1290:1864 births
1147:Santa Claus
593:Santa Claus
527:Hove Museum
492:Kinemacolor
370:Santa Claus
286:Robert Paul
172:Cripplegate
155:Kinemacolor
79:17 May 1959
1284:Categories
1123:The X-Rays
1023:. (1964).
733:References
710:Two Clowns
561:The X-Rays
346:The X-Rays
189:involving
60:1864-01-04
1350:Telepaths
904:Routledge
478:, dubbed
472:Southwick
454:left the
314:projector
161:Biography
123:hypnotist
93:, England
70:, England
789:24 April
760:24 April
377:for the
87:Brighton
149:at the
127:psychic
1270:(1908)
1262:(1908)
1254:(1906)
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476:Sussex
310:camera
107:Spouse
91:Sussex
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791:2011
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446:and
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