668:, and in the north by the elevation above the sea. The average annual temperature is highest in the southwest along the coast, and lowest in the northeast among the highlands. Thus at Mobile the annual mean is 67 °F (19 °C), the mean for the summer 81 °F (27 °C), and for the winter 52 °F (11 °C); and at Valley Head, in De Kalb county, the annual mean is 59 °F (15 °C), the mean for the summer 75 °F (24 °C), and for the winter 41 °F (5 °C). At Montgomery, in the central region, the average annual temperature is 66 °F (19 °C), with a winter average of 49 °F (9 °C), and a summer average of 81 °F (27 °C). The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 °F (2 °C), and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing-point. At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below zero (-18 °C), as was the case in the remarkable cold wave of the 12th-13 February 1899, when an absolute minimum of −17 °F (−27 °C) was registered at
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198:, is a country of gentle rolling lowlands varying in elevation from 500 to 800 feet (150 to 240 m). To the northeast of these highlands and lowlands is a rugged section with steep mountain-sides, deep narrow coves and valleys, and flat mountain-tops. Its elevations range from 400 to 1,800 feet (120 to 550 m). In the remainder of this region, the southern portion, the most prominent feature is
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260:. This is crossed by foothills and rolling prairies in the central part of the state, where it has a mean elevation of about 600 feet (180 m), becomes lower and more level toward the southwest, and in the extreme south is flat and but slightly elevated above the sea. The Cumberland Plateau region is drained to the west-northwest by the
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Wetumpka is the home of "Alabama's greatest natural disaster." A 1,000-foot (300 m)-wide meteorite hit the area about 80 million years ago. The hills just east of downtown showcase the eroded remains of the five-mile (8.0 km) wide impact crater that was blasted into the bedrock, with the
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The valleys in the north and northeast are usually deep and narrow, but in the
Coastal Plain they are broad and in most cases rise in three successive terraces above the stream. The harbour of Mobile was formed by the drowning of the lower part of the valley of the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers as a
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The amount of precipitation is greatest along the coast (62 inches/1,574 mm) and evenly distributed through the rest of the state (about 52 inches/1,320 mm). During each winter there is usually one fall of snow in the south and two in the north; but the snow quickly disappears,
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belt with parallel hard rock ridges left standing by erosion to form mountains. Although the general direction of the mountains, ridges, and valleys is northeast and southwest, irregularity is one of the most prominent characteristics. In the northeast are several flat-topped mountains, of which
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or astrobleme ("star-wound") for the concentric rings of fractures and zones of shattered rock can be found beneath the surface. In 2002, Christian
Koeberl with the Institute of Geochemistry University of Vienna published evidence and established the site as an internationally recognized impact
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which includes some 13,000 square miles (34,000 km) and seventeen counties. It receives its name from its soil (weathered from the weak underlying limestone), which is black in colour, almost destitute of sand and loam, and rich in limestone and marl formations, especially adapted to the
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area—a region of resistant rocks—whose soils, also derived from weathering in silu, are of varied fertility, the best coming from the granites, sandstones and limestones, the poorest from the gneisses, schists and slates. North of the mineral region is the
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embracing the
Tennessee Valley and the counties beyond, whose richest soils are the red clays and dark loams of the river valley; north of which are less fertile soils, produced by siliceous and sandstone formations.
194:, there are about 1,000 square miles (2,600 km) of level highlands from 700 to 800 feet (210 to 240 m) above sea level. South of these highlands, occupying a narrow strip on each side of the
202:, extending about 80 miles (129 km) from east to west between two valleys, and rising precipitously on the north side 500 feet (150 m) above them or 1,000 feet (300 m) above the sea.
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Alabama includes several types of public use lands. These include four national forests and one national preserve within state borders that provide over 25% of the state's public recreation land.
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As regards its soil, Alabama may be divided into four regions. Extending from the Gulf northward for about 150 miles (240 km) is the outer belt of the
Coastal Plain, also called the
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Extending entirely across the state of
Alabama for about 20 miles (32 km) northern boundary, and in the middle stretching 60 miles (97 km) farther north, is the
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are quite common in the state, especially in the southern part, and major hurricanes occasionally strike the coast which can be very destructive.
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is a continuation of
Raccoon. South of these the mountains are marked by steep northwest sides, sharp crests and gently sloping southeast sides.
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The fauna and flora of
Alabama are similar to those of the Gulf states in general and have no distinctive characteristics. However, the
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occur throughout the year - they are most common in the summer, but most severe in the spring and fall, when destructive winds and
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whose soil is sandy and poor, but responds well to fertilization. North of this is the inner lowland of the
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and sometimes, during an entire winter, the ground is not covered with snow. Heavy snowfall can occur, such as during the
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and its tributaries; all other parts of the state are drained to the southwest. In the
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line of little more than 1,800 feet (550 m) and gradually decreasing in height toward the southwest, where
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region, broken into broad tablelands by the dissection of rivers. In the northern part of this plateau, west of
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result of the sinking of the land here, such sinking having occurred on other parts of the Gulf coast.
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also crosses the
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constitute the largest proportion of the state's forest growth. There is also an abundance of
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system has a high incidence of endemism among freshwater mollusks and biodiversity is high.
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99 animals, fish, and birds, and 18 plant species. The endangered animals include the
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1066:"The Wetumpka Astrobleme" by John C. Hall, Alabama Heritage, Fall 1996, Number 42.
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280:(formed by the Coosa and Tallapoosa) in the western central, and in the east the
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occur occasionally in the spring and summer, but are seldom destructive. Heavy
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209:(locally known as Coosa Valley) region, which is the southern extremity of the
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1017:(Report). Vol. 1. Alabama Office of State Climatologist. Archived from
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672:. The highest temperature ever recorded was 109 °F (43 °C) in
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The heat of summer is tempered in the south by the winds from the
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is a considerable stream which joins the Tombigbee from the east.
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While in the past the state enjoyed a variety of mammals such as
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Adjoining the Cumberland Plateau region on the southeast is the
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Christy, John R.; Clymer, Bob; Gentry, Phillip (October 2010).
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occasionally occur. The prevailing winds are from the news.
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are common. Along the Gulf Coast there are seasonal runs of
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are the most prominent, having a maximum elevation near the
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production of cotton; hence the region is also called the
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is the principal river; and in the Piedmont Plateau, the
164:: Mississippi, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. It also
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have been introduced to the state and now also common.
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Encyclopedia of Alabama: Black Belt Region in Alabama
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Threatened & Endangered Species System: Alabama
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1991:
696:are rare, and are confined chiefly to the coast.
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1057:Wetumpka Public Library, accessed Aug. 21, 2007.
233:Southeast of the Appalachian Valley region, the
423:remains abundant. Still fairly common are the
1095:Interactive Map of Park & Recreation Sites
1090:Summary of Alabama Park & Recreation Sites
256:The remainder of the state is occupied by the
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356:in the southwest. Other native trees include
245:counties, together with the northern part of
1100:Encyclopedia of Alabama: Cultural Geography
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913:Watercress Darter National Wildlife Refuge
903:Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge
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108:Learn how and when to remove this message
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960:(6 ed.), Thomson Gale, p. 2,
595:, yellow-shafted flicker, wild turkey,
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878:Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge
797:Little River Canyon National Preserve
376:. In Alabama there are more than 150
1220:National Register of Historic Places
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958:Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States
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46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
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908:Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge
873:Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge
827:William B. Bankhead National Forest
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1080:State of Alabama Geological Survey
893:Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge
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1085:USGS - Tapestry of Time - Alabama
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898:Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge
861:Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
792:Alabama Wildlife Management Areas
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988:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
918:Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge
888:Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge
883:Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge
124:Physiographic regions in Alabama
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272:. In the Coastal Plain are the
33:needs additional citations for
1993:Geography of the United States
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956:Gall, Timothy L., ed. (2004),
937:Geography of the United States
802:Russell Cave National Monument
615:, Alabama red-bellied turtle,
551:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
388:. Among cultivated plants are
1:
1403:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
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682:New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm
1580:Anniston–Oxford–Jacksonville
787:Alabama Public Fishing Lakes
324:In Alabama, vast forests of
132:Political Regions of Alabama
7:
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10:
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844:Dugger Mountain Wilderness
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567:Alabama red-bellied turtle
514:. Freshwater fish such as
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166:borders the Gulf of Mexico
146:Southeastern United States
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856:National Recreation Trail
817:Talladega National Forest
686:1993 Storm of the Century
609:eastern tiger swallowtail
352:growths in the north and
2294:Northern Mariana Islands
1048:"Wetumpka Impact Crater"
868:National Wildlife Refuge
822:Tuskegee National Forest
496:black-and-white warblers
474:Alabama's birds include
812:Conecuh National Forest
492:yellow-shafted flickers
348:trees. In other areas,
292:and Tensas rivers. The
1575:Florence–Muscle Shoals
1012:Alabama Climate Report
750:Wetumpka Meteor Crater
133:
125:
57:"Geography of Alabama"
1555:Daphne–Fairhope–Foley
1024:on September 10, 2015
498:. Game birds include
469:nine-banded armadillo
409:North American cougar
211:Appalachian Mountains
131:
123:
2378:Geography of Alabama
617:Red Hills salamander
354:southern white cedar
138:geography of Alabama
42:improve this article
2304:U.S. Virgin Islands
1368:Birmingham District
782:Alabama State Parks
589:American black bear
559:Alabama beach mouse
294:Black Warrior River
282:Chattahoochee River
1952:Alabama portal
1393:Gulf Coastal Plain
1383:Cumberland Plateau
1053:2007-09-28 at the
649:Climate of Alabama
621:oak-leaf hydrangea
461:long-tailed weasel
207:Appalachian Valley
184:Cumberland Plateau
178:Geology of Alabama
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1530:Birmingham–Hoover
1300:African Americans
849:Sipsey Wilderness
839:Cheaha Wilderness
761:area labeled the
659:humid subtropical
613:monarch butterfly
421:white-tailed deer
276:in the west, the
172:Physical features
160:and borders four
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2268:Washington, D.C.
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441:Virginia opossum
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270:Tallapoosa River
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717:Black Prairie,
666:Gulf of Mexico
657:of Alabama is
647:Main article:
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635:are Alabama's
500:bobwhite quail
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192:Jackson county
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2352:Palmyra Atoll
2350:
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2332:Jarvis Island
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2147:New Hampshire
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2107:Massachusetts
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1388:Eastern Shore
1386:
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1379:
1376:
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1369:
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1363:South Alabama
1361:
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1353:North Alabama
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1028:September 10,
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967:0-7876-7338-2
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695:
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638:
637:state symbols
634:
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626:
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614:
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606:
605:longleaf pine
602:
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593:racking horse
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291:
287:
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279:
278:Alabama River
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:Coastal Plain
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
228:Sand Mountain
225:
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201:
197:
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169:
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150:North America
147:
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112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
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76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2342:Midway Atoll
2322:Baker Island
2299:Puerto Rico
2207:South Dakota
2197:Rhode Island
2192:Pennsylvania
2172:North Dakota
2006:
1943:
1327:Homelessness
1295:Demographics
1192:
1153:
1062:
1026:. Retrieved
1019:the original
1005:
995:, retrieved
990:
983:
957:
951:
778:land regions
773:
770:Public lands
759:
743:Cereal Belt,
742:
737:
736:region, the
725:
724:Between the
722:Cotton Belt.
721:
716:
713:Timber Belt,
712:
710:
678:
663:
652:
619:, camellia,
587:
548:
473:
401:plains bison
398:
386:rhododendron
380:, including
323:
319:Mobile River
316:
308:
305:
302:
298:
257:
255:
232:
218:Raccoon and
204:
199:
181:
158:30th in size
140:describes a
137:
135:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
2357:Wake Island
2276:Territories
2122:Mississippi
2037:Connecticut
1332:LGBT rights
1188:Delegations
726:Cotton Belt
670:Valley Head
603:, southern
508:wild turkey
480:bald eagles
419:, only the
405:eastern elk
266:Coosa River
162:U.S. states
2237:Washington
2157:New Mexico
2152:New Jersey
2027:California
1923:Washington
1913:Tuscaloosa
1908:Tallapoosa
1853:Montgomery
1793:Lauderdale
1550:Tuscaloosa
1545:Montgomery
1535:Huntsville
1487:Tuscaloosa
1477:Montgomery
1472:Birmingham
1467:Huntsville
1429:Amphibians
1373:Black Belt
1232:newspapers
1227:Mass media
1203:Government
1155:Montgomery
997:2008-07-27
943:References
706:Hurricanes
690:Hailstorms
633:blackberry
583:wood stork
579:bald eagle
555:endangered
486:and other
457:gray foxes
286:Mobile Bay
247:Tallapoosa
176:See also:
98:April 2007
68:newspapers
2247:Wisconsin
2212:Tennessee
2117:Minnesota
2092:Louisiana
1903:Talladega
1888:St. Clair
1808:Limestone
1783:Jefferson
1698:Covington
1413:Wiregrass
1378:Canebrake
1317:Elections
1312:Education
1208:governors
1193:Geography
1158:(capital)
702:tornadoes
674:Talladega
553:lists as
362:hackberry
215:limestone
2372:Category
2232:Virginia
2182:Oklahoma
2162:New York
2137:Nebraska
2127:Missouri
2112:Michigan
2102:Maryland
2087:Kentucky
2067:Illinois
2042:Delaware
2032:Colorado
2022:Arkansas
1878:Randolph
1838:Marshall
1798:Lawrence
1748:Franklin
1733:Escambia
1703:Crenshaw
1673:Cleburne
1648:Cherokee
1643:Chambers
1595:Counties
1444:Reptiles
1398:Piedmont
1337:Politics
1322:Gun laws
1280:Abortion
1178:Aviation
1051:Archived
976:53464095
926:See also
766:crater.
738:Old Land
728:and the
684:and the
563:gray bat
540:red drum
449:squirrel
394:camellia
390:wisteria
370:palmetto
251:Chambers
239:Randolph
2252:Wyoming
2227:Vermont
2132:Montana
2072:Indiana
2052:Georgia
2047:Florida
2017:Arizona
2007:Alabama
1933:Winston
1883:Russell
1868:Pickens
1828:Marengo
1823:Madison
1813:Lowndes
1778:Jackson
1773:Houston
1743:Fayette
1708:Cullman
1688:Conecuh
1683:Colbert
1658:Choctaw
1653:Chilton
1638:Calhoun
1628:Bullock
1613:Barbour
1608:Baldwin
1603:Autauga
1585:Gadsden
1560:Decatur
1512:Madison
1507:Decatur
1439:Mammals
1434:Gardens
1346:Regions
1307:Economy
1290:Culture
1273:Society
1259:Symbols
1215:History
1198:Geology
1183:Climate
1145:Alabama
932:Alabama
734:mineral
732:is the
655:climate
536:pompano
437:raccoon
433:muskrat
350:hemlock
342:populus
334:hickory
330:cypress
288:by the
224:Georgia
220:Lookout
154:Alabama
144:in the
82:scholar
2187:Oregon
2142:Nevada
2082:Kansas
2057:Hawaii
2012:Alaska
2000:States
1928:Wilcox
1918:Walker
1898:Sumter
1893:Shelby
1858:Morgan
1848:Monroe
1843:Mobile
1833:Marion
1758:Greene
1753:Geneva
1738:Etowah
1728:Elmore
1723:DeKalb
1718:Dallas
1678:Coffee
1663:Clarke
1633:Butler
1623:Blount
1570:Dothan
1540:Mobile
1522:Metros
1502:Dothan
1497:Auburn
1492:Hoover
1482:Mobile
1254:Sports
1249:People
1165:Topics
974:
964:
631:, and
581:, and
544:bonito
542:, and
532:tarpon
528:sucker
526:, and
510:, and
494:, and
484:osprey
476:golden
459:, and
445:rabbit
425:bobcat
415:, and
378:shrubs
364:, and
344:, and
290:Mobile
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2217:Texas
2097:Maine
2062:Idaho
1863:Perry
1818:Macon
1788:Lamar
1768:Henry
1693:Coosa
1449:Trees
1285:Crime
1237:radio
1173:Index
1141:State
1022:(PDF)
1015:(PDF)
629:pecan
625:peach
516:bream
512:goose
488:hawks
465:Coypu
366:holly
186:, or
142:state
89:JSTOR
75:books
2289:Guam
2222:Utah
2177:Ohio
2077:Iowa
1873:Pike
1763:Hale
1713:Dale
1668:Clay
1618:Bibb
1030:2024
972:OCLC
962:ISBN
694:fogs
653:The
573:and
549:The
524:bass
520:shad
504:duck
478:and
467:and
455:and
417:deer
413:bear
392:and
384:and
374:palm
372:and
326:pine
249:and
243:Clay
241:and
136:The
61:news
1803:Lee
1143:of
571:fin
453:red
358:ash
338:oak
156:is
148:in
44:by
2374::
1242:TV
1038:^
970:,
688:.
661:.
639:.
627:,
623:,
611:,
607:,
599:,
591:,
585:.
577:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
546:.
538:,
534:,
522:,
518:,
506:,
502:,
490:,
482:,
463:.
451:,
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
396:.
360:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
168:.
1985:e
1978:t
1971:v
1133:e
1126:t
1119:v
1032:.
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
