Geoffrey (archbishop of York)

857:, who had ravaged Geoffrey's lands in revenge. In November 1200, Geoffrey and John were reconciled at Hugh of Lincoln's funeral, which allowed Geoffrey to regain his confiscated estates, but the archbishop's continued refusal to allow the collection of carucage led to the truce falling apart. In January 1201, John made peace with his half brother, but it did not last, as Geoffrey continued to refuse to allow the tax to be collected. John then renewed the demand for the payment for the office of sheriff due from Richard's reign, which forced Geoffrey to rescind his excommunication and offer another payment in return for peace, which occurred in May 1201. But it was short-lived; disputes over the appointments in the diocese of York broke out, but with the support of Pope Innocent Geoffrey was able to secure the appointment of a few of his own candidates. Geoffrey also quarrelled with some of the monasteries in his diocese, with the usual claims and counterclaims going to the papacy for judgement. Among the religious houses Geoffrey had disagreements with were 915:

although he made enemies of several of the suffragan bishops, clergy and religious houses in his diocese, he also secured the friendship and support of other clergy, including Pope Innocent III and Hugh of Lincoln. Although Walter Map declared that Geoffrey was "full of faults and devoid of character", he remained loyal to his father until Henry's death. A modern-day historian, Thomas Jones, summed up Geoffrey's character with the phrase "quarrelsome and undiplomatic". Another historian, J. C. Holt, stated that Geoffrey was through his career "a perpetual source of danger, quarrelling now with de Puiset, now with the Yorkshire sheriffs, ever ready to attack the judicial and fiscal superiority of the Crown."

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crusade. The king subsequently released Geoffrey from the oath, the initial swearing of which was apparently another of Richard's efforts to keep Geoffrey's possible ambitions towards the English throne in check. But the cathedral chapter at York disputed Geoffrey's appointment, claiming that because the Dean of York, Hubert Walter, and some others of the chapter had not been present, the election was invalid. Walter's election to York was supported by Richard's mother, Eleanor, whom a chronicler claimed hated Geoffrey as the product of one of her husband's affairs. Richard consequently retained his control over the estates of the archbishopric, and did not confirm the election until a council held at

667:, was hampering Geoffrey's attempts to collect revenue for the earlier fine, Richard insisted on immediate full payment. When Geoffrey was unable to pay Richard re-confiscated his lands, increased the amount of the fine, and demanded a promise that Geoffrey would not visit England for three years. The dispute was settled once more when the pope stepped in and ratified Geoffrey's election, thus enabling a reconciliation between the king and the archbishop at Tours in June. Geoffrey's estates were returned to him in July, after paying 800 marks of his fine. 764:'s dislike of Geoffrey, Hubert Walter was given a papal legateship that included Geoffrey's province, something that had not been usual in the preceding years, and which presented Geoffrey with some difficulties in his dealings with the ecclesiastical hierarchy. But Geoffrey was on friendly terms with Prince John; the historian G. V. Scammell has suggested that Geoffrey's consecration allowed John to feel that Geoffrey was no longer a rival for the throne, thus paving the way for good relations between the two half-brothers. 632:. Geoffrey objected to these appointments, and as a result his estates were confiscated by the king until he submitted and became a priest. The historians Ralph Turner and Richard Heiser speculate that Richard's strategy in making these appointments was to keep Geoffrey distracted by problems within his diocese, and thus unable to challenge for the English throne. The two historians also suggest that Richard may have been making an example of Geoffrey, in a demonstration that he could be harsh even with his own relatives. 886: 5362: 785:. Simon was supported by the cathedral chapter, who elected him to the office despite Geoffrey's opposition. An appeal was made to the papacy by Geoffrey while Simon travelled to King Richard in Germany. The king refused to allow the appeal and tried to summon Geoffrey to Germany to resolve the issue. Geoffrey was unable to leave York because of disturbances within the cathedral clergy, and Simon managed to secure papal confirmation as Dean of York. 676: 810:

of Canterbury the following month. King Richard did not reprimand Geoffrey for this act of provocation, and even went so far as to restore some of his confiscated estates. Before Richard left England in May 1194 he appointed Walter as Justiciar; that summer Walter began an investigation into Geoffrey's actions, which led to Geoffrey's estates being confiscated once again. Geoffrey appealed to the king, who was then in

690:, after the papacy agreed to allow the consecration. This permission was secured by the intervention of the king and his mother, Queen Eleanor. Turner and Heiser see the presumed motivation behind Eleanor and Richard's support as part of an effort to secure a counter-weight to the power exercised in England by the Chancellor, William Longchamp, about whom complaints had reached Richard in Sicily. Geoffrey received his 408:. Geoffrey was brought up with his father's legitimate children. There is no evidence that Henry tried to deny Geoffrey's paternity, although Walter Map said that Henry's acknowledgment was done "improperly and with little discretion". Geoffrey had a brother named Peter, who appears to have been his maternal half-brother, as Peter is generally considered unlikely to have been Henry's son. 647:. Geoffrey then went to York, but until his election was ratified by the pope he refused to allow Burchard to take up his office. This stance was supported by most of the York cathedral chapter. Geoffrey then was sent by Richard to escort William the Lion from Scotland to Canterbury. It was at Canterbury that papal assent to Geoffrey's election was secured in December, when 480:, a supporter of the Scottish king. It was after this campaign that Henry said of Geoffrey "My other sons are the real bastards. ... This is the only one who's proved himself legitimate!" After Geoffrey was confirmed as bishop by Pope Alexander in 1175, the bishop-elect made a ceremonial visit to Lincoln on 1 August 1175. He subsequently went to study at 919:

into Richard's disquiet over Geoffrey's possible intentions. Geoffrey was known to be ambitious, which led the historian D. L. Douie to call him a "formidable bastard". The historian Ralph Turner said of Geoffrey that "he sought power and wealth despite the handicap of his birth" and that he had "inherited the bad temper of the other Plantagenets".

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York. But the perceived arrogance of Geoffrey's officials offended the cathedral chapter at York, and this further conflict was not resolved until March 1200. For most of the remainder of 1199 Geoffrey was frequently with the king, and the two appear to have been on good terms, a state of affairs that continued throughout the first half of 1200.

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bishops in ordering Geoffrey's arrest. But the actions of Longchamp's agents were considered excessive and there was soon an outcry against the Chancellor's arrest of Geoffrey, even though Longchamp claimed that his orders had been exceeded by his agents. One cause of the outrage was the obvious parallel with the murder of

569:, Henry's birthplace, in 1189. Geoffrey did not attend the subsequent conference at which Henry submitted to Philip immediately before Henry's death, unwilling to witness his father's humiliation, but he did help nurse him during his final days. Henry made a bedside wish that Geoffrey be made either Archbishop of York or 845:

After John succeeded Richard in 1199, he decided to restore Geoffrey to the archiepiscopal estates, but continued to receive the income until the archbishop returned from Rome. Some of Geoffrey's opponents who were officials in his diocese resigned their offices, and for a short time peace reigned in

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Geoffrey quarrelled with Richard in 1196 in Normandy while the archbishop was attempting to return to England. Richard forbade him from administering York, and Geoffrey returned to Rome until 1198. An attempt at reconciliation with Richard came to nothing, after Geoffrey refused to approve the king's

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of England, which Canterbury claimed and York disputed. Walter's decision to have his episcopal cross carried before him in the diocese of York in March 1194 was symbolic of his claim to primacy over York and all of England. Geoffrey responded by having his own cross carried before him in the diocese

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to Richard, but this was probably just an excuse to eliminate a rival. Another complication was that the English bishops had appealed to the papacy because Geoffrey had not been consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Longchamp could therefore claim to have been acting on behalf of the other

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Although his archiepiscopate was mainly marked by the conflicts in which he engaged, Geoffrey also managed to institute some administrative reforms in his diocese, creating the office of chancellor. He also inspired loyalty from some of his household members, many of whom witnessed his charters, and

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While still embroiled in his conflict with Longchamp, Geoffrey began feuding with Hugh du Puiset, probably over Geoffrey's authority in Puiset's diocese of Durham, one of those subject to York. The dispute dragged on for years, with many appeals to Rome and the king. York had been vacant for several

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and was unable to perform those functions. Nevertheless, he managed to recover some lands of the diocese that had been lost as well as redeeming pawned ecclesiastical items. Although he aided the finances of his diocese with these recoveries, in 1180 he taxed his diocese heavily enough to earn him a

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Geoffrey caused offence by his attempts to have his episcopal cross carried before him in the diocese of Canterbury, thus implying that his diocese was superior or at least equal to Canterbury in rank. In pursuit of this rivalry between York and Canterbury, Geoffrey was the first archbishop of York

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in late September 1191, at which the bishop was charged with various irregularities. Puiset appealed to Rome and refused to attend the synod, and was excommunicated in December by Geoffrey. An attempt in March 1192 by Queen Eleanor and Hubert Walter to settle the issue came to nothing when Geoffrey

655:, not only confirmed the election, but rejected the various appeals made by the cathedral chapter against Geoffrey. But the king forced Geoffrey to allow the royal appointments, and pay a fine of £2000 before his lands were restored, although Geoffrey was allowed some time to make the full payment. 537:

a year. Although Geoffrey held the office of Chancellor, he appears in only few documents, mainly between 1182 and 1185. After 1185 he does not appear in any contemporary documents until 1187, and it is possible that he spent some time outside his father's domains. Peter of Blois wrote that several

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at York in June 1195. Geoffrey had managed to secure a postponement of his case at Rome until 1 November, but was still unable to attend, which led Pope Celestine to order that Geoffrey's suspension should be performed by Hugh of Lincoln. Hugh protested, and as a result Celestine himself suspended

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Geoffrey's ambitions may have included becoming King of England, which may account for some of the harshness that his two legitimate half-brothers displayed towards him. His military abilities, displayed in the rebellion of 1173–1174, as well his custody of castles near Tours, would have also fed

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Richard probably gave York to Geoffrey in the hope of forcing him to become a full priest, and thus eliminate a potential rival for the throne. Richard also required Geoffrey to swear that he would remain outside England for three years during the time Richard expected to be out of the country on

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relates that Geoffrey quickly took control of the archiepiscopal estates. However the election occurred, Geoffrey's consecration did not take place until much later, and soon after his election, he either resigned or was stripped of his office of Chancellor. A further complication was that the

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Richard named Geoffrey Archbishop of York on 20 July 1189, within days of taking the throne; the formal election took place on 10 August. What happened with the vacant archbishopric of York after Richard took the throne, and why, as well as the exact chronology of events, is complicated by the

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at that time, as he was under the canonical age for holding a bishopric. Geoffrey's youth was one of Alexander's objections to Geoffrey's election, and the pope only confirmed the office under duress. Another potential problem was Geoffrey's illegitimacy, which normally disbarred a person from

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Geoffrey submitted to John in 1206, and his lands were returned to him. But in 1207 Geoffrey led the clergy of England in their refusal to pay royal taxation and was forced into exile. Geoffrey excommunicated anyone who attempted to collect the tax in his archdiocese, but the king confiscated

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Geoffrey long faced opposition from some members of his cathedral chapter led by Henry Marshal, Burchard du Puiset, and Roger of London. They objected to his having given a large part of York's treasury toward Richard's ransom, and to some of his appointments in the church of York. Charges of

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claimed she was a whore named Ykenai, and that he was not actually Henry's son. This is the only contemporary source that gives her name, and as Map was hostile to Geoffrey, the information must be judged carefully. Instead, Ykenai may have been a daughter of a knight. Another possibility for

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insisted on a pledge of obedience from Puiset, who in turn demanded an admission from Geoffrey that the excommunication had been unjust. Further appeals to Rome led to an eventual settlement in October 1192, when the bishop finally acknowledged Geoffrey's authority over Durham.

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nominated him archbishop of York after succeeding to the throne of England, probably to force him to become a priest and thus eliminate a potential rival for the throne. After some dispute, Geoffrey was consecrated archbishop in 1191. He soon became embroiled in a conflict with

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In January 1195 Geoffrey was ordered to appear in Rome to answer various charges, under the threat of suspension from office if he did not appear by 1 June. Further quarrels with his cathedral clergy followed, including an instance of the cathedral chapter throwing

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initially refused to confirm Geoffrey's selection as Bishop of Lincoln in about May 1173, prompting Geoffrey to travel to Rome in October 1174 to secure confirmation of this office. He was confirmed in the office of bishop by July 1175, but he was not

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rebuke from his father. In 1181 Pope Lucius III became concerned that Geoffrey was never going to be ordained or consecrated, and demanded that the bishop-elect's position be regularised, either through consecration as bishop or through resignation.

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In early 1190 Geoffrey ordered a halt to religious ceremonies in the cathedral and excommunicated Henry Marshal and Burchard in retaliation for a dispute during an earlier church service. Richard, who was in Normandy preparing to go on the

337:. Subsequently, a council of magnates ordered Longchamp out of office, and Geoffrey was able to proceed to his archdiocese. The archbishop spent much of his archiepiscopate in various disputes with his half-brothers: first Richard and then 822:

on a dungheap in protest. Geoffrey protested to the king after Richard forbade Geoffrey's projected journey to Rome and in retaliation the king confiscated Geoffrey's estates once more. This left Geoffrey vulnerable when Walter held a

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Geoffrey on 23 December 1195, finally forcing Geoffrey to answer the charges against him. He travelled to Rome in 1196, where his accusers were unable to substantiate their claims and he was restored to office by the pope.

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Peter is called Geoffrey's "half-brother" by the historian Diana Greenway, but she does not state whether or not he was Geoffrey's maternal or paternal half-brother. Peter is not mentioned by Henry's biographer as a son of the

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Geoffrey's estates in retaliation. Geoffrey once again secured the support of Pope Innocent, who ordered John to restore Geoffrey's possessions, but in the meantime the archbishop had fled to France. A medieval chronicler,

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on 28 April 1199 ordered that Geoffrey was to be restored to his lands as soon as he had paid his debts to the king. Innocent further ordered that any royal appointments in York would require papal approval.

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out of church. Geoffrey also faced difficulties with his appointees to the office of Dean of York; his first choice, his half-brother Peter, was opposed by the cathedral chapter. Geoffrey's second choice,

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monastery near Rouen, where he had been living for a few years. His tomb was still extant in 1767, when the inscription on it was recorded by an antiquary. He may have become a monk before his death.

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served as his "seal-keeper"; the need for someone to perform this function adds further evidence to the likelihood that Geoffrey's time as Chancellor was spent on unrelated duties for his father.

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Other speculations on her background have included her being a Welsh hostage at Henry's court or that she was either a servant or a daughter of one of the royal servants, but not of noble blood.

3716: 550:. It is possible that Geoffrey's non-appearance in documents was due to his absence from his father's domains in pursuit of these ambitions. During Geoffrey's term of office as Chancellor 3329: 289:. The identity of his mother is uncertain, but she may have been named Ykenai. Geoffrey held several minor clerical offices before becoming Bishop of Lincoln in 1173, though he was not 1141:. To raise this sum, all of Richard's subjects were taxed at the rate of 25% for both their incomes and their possessions. These payments were required from both laymen and the clergy. 388:

that he was barely 20 when elected bishop in 1173, and by the fact that he was about 40 when consecrated archbishop in 1191. His mother's identity is unclear. The medieval chronicler

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to Geoffrey. The bishop-elect made several gifts to the cathedral at Lincoln, including two bells for the bell tower. While Geoffrey was the bishop-elect at Lincoln, it appears that

384:. Although he is often given the surname "Plantagenet" in modern histories, that name was not in use during his lifetime. The date of his birth is determined by statements of 946:

how to read, as recorded by a 14th-century inscription. After the king's death it passed through several royal owners, regarded as a relic of the saint, before reaching the

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to the endowment of Godstow. Another piece of circumstantial evidence is the name Map gives for Geoffrey's mother. It is possible that Ykenai is derived from Acquigny, and

353:. His last quarrel with John was in 1207, when the archbishop refused to allow the collection of a tax and was driven into exile in France. He died there five years later. 517:

of England in 1181, after Geoffrey indicated he was going to resign the bishopric in February 1181. Although Geoffrey resigned the episcopal office, he continued to hold

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until 1189. In 1173–1174, he led a campaign in northern England to help put down a rebellion by his legitimate half-brothers; this campaign led to the capture of

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In 1173 and early 1174 Geoffrey fought a military campaign in northern England in support of his father's attempts to subdue the Scots, who were supporting the

3736: 3649: 1014:, Richard's younger brother who became king in 1199, lost Normandy, he still retained the other possessions and continued to spend much time on the continent. 6395: 3679: 6345: 3694: 3684: 3669: 3644: 3578: 3628: 3624: 3599: 814:; Richard over-ruled Walter, restored Geoffrey's estates, and pardoned him in return for a payment of 1000 marks and the promise of 1000 more to follow. 526: 3614: 3609: 3315: 854: 3193:

Records, Administration and Aristocratic Society in the Anglo-Norman Realm: Papers Commemorating the 800th Anniversary of King John's Loss of Normandy

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years, and Puiset had grown used to having untrammelled authority in the northern archdiocese. After Geoffrey's consecration, he summoned Puiset to a

694:, the symbol of an archbishop's authority, at his consecration. In September 1191, after the consecration, he attempted to go to York, but was met at 3756: 3751: 3604: 1050: 869:. Most of these conflicts arose from disputed appointments to offices, but the quarrel with Meaux involved claims of tithe exemption by that house. 5475: 3700: 3664: 591:

contradictory nature of the main contemporary accounts. Gerald of Wales states that Geoffrey was reluctant to accept York, but another chronicler,

397:, but most of the evidence for this is circumstantial. It is assumed that Geoffrey was the eldest of Henry's children, legitimate or illegitimate. 1089:

This took the form of a ceremony of resignation, although the formal date of his resignation was not until the second ceremony in England in 1182.

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monarchs considered Geoffrey as a possible successor for their kingdoms in Italy or the Holy Land, and that he was actually offered the throne of

3654: 772:, extortion, and neglect of his duties were lodged against Geoffrey, who in return excommunicated the ringleaders more than once, and locked the 5278: 3726: 3659: 731:, the Bishop of Lincoln, excommunicated those who had dragged Geoffrey from sanctuary. Geoffrey was then enthroned at York on 1 November 1191. 4642: 3721: 329:, Richard's regent in England, after being detained at Dover on his return to England following his consecration in France. Geoffrey claimed 1046: 753: 3993: 3518: 1150:

It is in Latin on parchment containing 185 folios with 23 miniatures, now at Leiden in the University Library under catalogue MS. lat. 76A.

3761: 719:, who had been dragged from an altar and martyred. The archbishop was released and took part in a council held at Loddon Bridge, between 5444: 1137:

Richard was held captive in Germany while returning from crusade and was only released after the payment of a ransom, which was 150,000

2484: 2459: 853:, a tax on land, on his property, and his lands were confiscated in retaliation. He then excommunicated the new sheriff of Yorkshire, 5767: 5580: 5142: 2584: 2534: 2509: 533:. Henry also gave him two continental castles, one in Anjou and one in Touraine, along with lands in England and Normandy worth 1000 4635: 2559: 5911: 5747: 3511: 2398:(1999). "Historians Without Hindsight: Coggeshall, Diceto and Howden on the Early Years of John's Reign". In Church, S. D (ed.). 1006:

in France. These lands were central to Henry's power and he spent much time outside England in his continental possessions. King

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When Prince John rebelled in 1193, Geoffrey and Hugh du Puiset put aside their feud to quash the uprising. Geoffrey strengthened

6203: 6110: 573:, and Geoffrey used his father's seal to make appointments to York after Henry's death. Geoffrey then escorted Henry's body to 6009: 5772: 5406: 3200: 2407: 2366: 6385: 6274: 5720: 5421: 5300: 4222: 381: 3307: 6375: 6183: 6173: 5896: 5886: 5732: 5063: 477: 4107: 427:, but there is little evidence that he executed the duties of either office. There are some indications that he studied 6014: 5570: 5337: 5271: 5088: 4426: 4411: 832:

appointments in the diocese of York without some guarantees that they would be approved by the papacy. Ultimately Pope

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Lovatt, Marie (2009). "Archbishop Geoffrey of York: A Problem in Anglo-French Maternity". In Vincent, Nicholas (ed.).

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by September 1171, and probably retained that office until he was confirmed as bishop-elect in 1175. He also held a

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in 1187, Geoffrey was given command of a quarter of the English royal army. He and his father were driven from

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A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, Volume 4: Early Gothic Manuscripts, Part 1 1190–1250

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after Geoffrey's death, and, as religious manuscripts often were, was used to teach the future saint King

781:, the chancellor of York, refused to give up the office when Geoffrey decided to award it to a third man, 6370: 5881: 4815: 4702: 3979: 2271: 1121: 1107:

Gerald of Wales relates a story that Richard changed the text of the agreement from the agreed-upon 2000

530: 3299: 1067: 877:, stated that the English church considered Geoffrey a martyr because of this stand against King John. 636: 376:

Geoffrey was probably born in about 1152, before his father Henry, later Henry II of England, married

6330: 6178: 5742: 5324: 4485: 802: 760:, which provoked an appeal from Prioress Alice of Clementhorpe to the papacy. Probably owing to Pope 461: 456:

by Geoffrey's legitimate half-brothers against their father. The campaign resulted in the capture of

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The King and His Courts: The Role of John and Henry III in the Administration of Justice, 1199–1240

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made for the archbishop, probably in northern England in the 1190s, which passed into the hands of

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Henry II had eight children from his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, including the future kings

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Jones, Thomas M. (Spring 1973). "The Generation Gap of 1173–74: The War between the Two Henrys".

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holding ecclesiastical office, but that was dealt with by the granting of a papal dispensation.

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Wahlgren, Lena (November 1996). "Peter of Blois and the Later Career of Reginald fitzJocelin".

1045:. Geoffrey was also fond of Godstow for his entire life, and while archbishop attempted to add 930:. Honorius was subsequently employed by Hubert Walter and wrote a legal work on canon law. The 927: 874: 510: 476:, to pledge fealty to Henry II. During the campaign, Geoffrey captured several castles held by 370: 922:

Geoffrey was a patron of scholarship, and employed scholars throughout his life, one of whom,

801:. In 1194 Geoffrey went into debt to the crown for the sum of 3000 marks to buy the office of 686:

Geoffrey was consecrated on 18 August 1191, at Tours in France, by Barthelemy de Vendôme, the

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on 16 September. At that council Richard also appointed three men to offices within the

412: 338: 82: 4173: 6340: 5864: 5820: 5791: 5762: 5684: 5645: 5560: 5502: 5463: 5411: 5401: 5389: 5287: 5182: 4790: 4611: 4242: 4197: 4061: 3452: 3442: 3337: 931: 896: 570: 539: 436: 377: 321: 4755: 4725: 8: 6290: 6141: 6091: 6072: 6065: 6029: 5980: 5703: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5657: 5588: 5575: 5482: 5377: 5347: 5329: 5319: 5152: 5132: 5122: 5028: 4905: 4890: 4780: 4765: 4495: 4391: 4381: 4212: 4142: 3925: 3812: 3593: 3568: 3425: 3403: 3386: 3272: 3221: 687: 562: 551: 350: 274: 231: 219: 181: 112: 663:, ordered Geoffrey to the king's presence in Normandy. Although Hugh du Puiset, who was 513:

in England, rather than be ordained as Pope Lucius III had ordered. Henry had named him

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Richardson, H. G. (October 1941). "The Schools of Northampton in the Twelfth Century".

2714: 2625: 2567: 2492: 2467: 2259: 1057:, the son of another reputed child of Rosamund, tried to claim land near Akeny in 1228. 991: 943: 939: 858: 761: 724: 720: 644: 621: 496:, carried out the episcopal duties in the diocese of Lincoln, as Geoffrey had not been 493: 440: 416: 286: 282: 31: 2857:

The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540

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Turner, Ralph V. (Spring 1997). "Richard Lionheart and English Episcopal Elections".

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Bethell, Denis (October 1968). "William of Corbeil and the Canterbury-York Dispute".

2226: 1010:, who succeeded Henry in 1189, also spent most of his time outside England. Although 987: 947: 833: 703: 648: 574: 555: 424: 394: 346: 326: 278: 243: 77: 5522: 5245: 5187: 5073: 4995: 4925: 4810: 4750: 4740: 4697: 4677: 4421: 4330: 4320: 4300: 3930: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3076: 3018: 2883: 2735: 2706: 2617: 2251: 923: 824: 805:

for himself. Later that year Geoffrey began to quarrel with Hubert Walter over the

782: 745: 736: 640: 473: 457: 342: 298: 4795: 4627: 2753: 2339:. Blackwell Classic Histories of England (Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 6193: 5956: 5901: 5593: 5312: 5172: 5117: 5102: 5078: 4900: 4875: 4840: 4830: 4720: 4572: 4431: 4315: 4275: 4217: 3940: 3913: 3832: 3553: 3503: 3392: 3380: 3341: 3246: 3228: 2887: 2417: 2395: 2332: 1125: 1003: 995: 866: 811: 798: 778: 728: 625: 613: 514: 405: 385: 341:, who succeeded to the English throne in 1199. Geoffrey also quarrelled with his 314: 198: 1098:

Burchard is called variously the nephew or the son of Hugh by modern historians.

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in the town, but he was seized by agents of Longchamp and briefly imprisoned in

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Hallam, Elizabeth M. (1975). "Henry II, Richard I and the order of Grandmont".

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instead. He was the only one of Henry II's sons present at the king's death.

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Roger, Bishop of Worcester 1164–1179: An English Bishop of the Age of Becket

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Bartholomew of Exeter: Bishop and Canonist, A Study in the Twelfth Century

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for burial. He was the only one of Henry II's sons present at his death.

435:, and that he taught in Paris during the early 1170s. He also acted as a 432: 166: 5361: 4056: 2956:. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae. London: Institute of Historical Research. 2954:

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2491:. Vol. 3: Lincoln. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from 2466:. Vol. 3: Lincoln. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from 727:; Longchamp was excommunicated and deposed from the chancellorship, and 5256: 5058: 4155: 4051: 3960: 3817: 3787: 3030: 2718: 2656: 2354: 525:, which was normally contrary to canon law. These offices included the 445: 420: 389: 306: 290: 3088: 2895: 2439:

Given-Wilson, Chris; Curteis, Alice (1995). "Geoffrey 'Plantagenet'".

1041:

In 1191 Geoffrey was irate at the destruction of Rosamund's shrine at

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The Reign of Richard Lionheart: Ruler of the Angevin Empire 1189–1199

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Following the declaration of war on Henry by Prince Richard and King

428: 401: 330: 3022: 2710: 509:

Geoffrey formally resigned the see of Lincoln on 6 January 1182, at

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Shepherd, Walter Lee (September 1964). "The Bastards of Henry II".

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fulfilled the same assistant role for the archdeaconry at Rouen.

529:

from 1182, the Archdeaconry of Rouen from 1183, and probably the

489: 788: 488:, a medieval poet and diplomat who dedicated a later work on St 361: 4775: 4046: 4026: 2782:

A Dictionary of Medieval Terms: For the Use of History Students

819: 769: 711: 1111:

to £2000, thus increasing the amount Geoffrey owed by a third.

698:

by agents of Longchamp, and even though he took refuge in the

2851: 797:'s defences and went to the aid of Puiset, who was besieging 695: 481: 148: 1066:

Geoffrey should not be confused with Henry's legitimate son

1053:

was likely held by members of the Clifford family. Further,

849:

In October 1200 Geoffrey refused to allow the collection of

2376:

Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).

1744:

Turner "Richard Lionheart and English Episcopal Elections"

423:, an income from land owned by a cathedral chapter, in the 2734:(October 2007 revised ed.). Oxford University Press. 2361:. Translated by Jean Birrell. Edinburgh University Press. 273: – 12 December 1212) was an illegitimate son of King 5299: 2093:

Hallam "Henry II, Richard I and the order of Grandmont"

3176:

Archbishop Geoffrey Plantagenet and the chapter of York

748:

of England", in opposition to the Canterbury title of "

380:, and was likely named after his paternal grandfather, 2763:

A Constitutional and Legal History of Medieval England

624:, a relative of Hugh du Puiset, became treasurer; and 309:

had ordered that Geoffrey either resign Lincoln or be

3150:

Hubert Walter: Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England

2796: 670: 2938: 2607: 4657: 903:Geoffrey died while still in exile at Grandmont in 3533: 3195:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 91–124. 2661:The Northerners: A Study in the Reign of King John 2582: 2557: 2532: 2507: 2482: 2457: 3147: 2871: 2677: 2663:(Revised ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 2636: 639:on 23 September 1189, in a ceremony performed by 6322: 5476:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary 3133:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 3111:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 3006: 2987: 2970: 2779: 2760: 2694: 2416: 2402:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 1–26. 2394: 2270: 2225:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 710:. Longchamp claimed that Geoffrey had not sworn 635:Geoffrey's ordination as a priest took place at 6356:13th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops 6351:12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops 2951: 2921: 2905:The Papacy 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation 2902: 2312: 1654: 1652: 3064: 2331: 2239: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 5272: 4643: 3987: 3519: 3323: 3190: 3125: 3103: 3046:Turner, Ralph V.; Heiser, Richard R. (2000). 2926:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2907:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2832: 2820:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2815: 2725: 2292: 2217: 2050: 2048: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1638: 1636: 1607: 789:Quarrels with John, Hubert Walter and Richard 6396:Illegitimate children of Henry II of England 1691: 1649: 1517: 1272: 1270: 1243: 1241: 6346:12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops 3050:. The Medieval World. Harlow, UK: Longman. 2655: 2353: 2196: 2194: 2032: 2006: 1876: 1751: 1620: 1491: 1478: 1465: 1454: 1452: 1423: 1403: 1175: 6254: 5279: 5265: 4650: 4636: 3994: 3980: 3526: 3512: 3330: 3316: 2045: 2038:Gillingham "Historians without Hindsight" 1954: 1941: 1800: 1798: 1733: 1722: 1720: 1678: 1665: 1633: 1283: 596:cathedral chapter had earlier elected the 5943: 5851: 5768:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 5738:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester 5581:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester 5540: 3173: 2165: 2087: 1267: 1238: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 5790: 5644: 5501: 5462: 5286: 2975:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2424:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2191: 2178: 2152: 2139: 1928: 1889: 1863: 1837: 1782: 1704: 1569: 1530: 1504: 1449: 1254: 1225: 1188: 1070:, who was born in 1158 and died in 1186. 907:on 12 December 1212. He was buried at a 884: 674: 360: 6090: 5979: 5912:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester 5748:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant 5702: 5445:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury 5376: 2732:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2126: 2113: 2100: 2061: 2019: 1967: 1915: 1902: 1824: 1811: 1795: 1717: 1603:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1556: 1543: 1399:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1162: 1128:and did not end until the 14th century. 682:, where Geoffrey was briefly imprisoned 6323: 6204:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle 6111:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 6052: 4001: 2441:The Royal Bastards of Medieval England 2359:Richard the Lionheart: Knight and King 2074: 1993: 1980: 1850: 1769: 1582: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1201: 1023:Her name is sometimes spelled Hikenai. 6253: 6223: 6127: 6089: 6051: 6010:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence 5978: 5942: 5850: 5789: 5773:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent 5701: 5643: 5539: 5500: 5461: 5407:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony 5375: 5298: 5260: 4631: 3975: 3507: 3311: 3152:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2765:(Second ed.). New York: Norton. 585: 6275:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales 5892:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 5721:Margaret of France, Queen of England 5422:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile 5301:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou 2589:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 2564:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 2539:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 2514:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 2489:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 2464:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1686:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1660:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1613:Richardson "Schools of Northampton" 1595: 1551:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1525:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1499:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 1220:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300 752:". He also attempted to subordinate 6200:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet 6184:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford 6174:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 5897:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 5887:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence 5733:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar 2859:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 2641:(Second ed.). London: Arnold. 1296: 880: 13: 6015:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 5571:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland 5360: 5338:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey 3166: 2682:. London: Adam and Charles Black. 2300:. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. 1523:Greenway "Archdeacons of Lincoln" 1120:The rivalry, usually known as the 671:Consecration and more difficulties 14: 6417: 5998:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England 3706:Christopher Cardinal de Maronibus 3690:Francis Cardinal Renzio de Alifia 2837:. London: Harvey Miller Limited. 2337:England and its Rulers: 1066–1307 2243:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 1949:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 1458:Quoted in Jones "Generation Gap" 5816:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall 5427:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily 2924:Hugh du Puiset: Bishop of Durham 2443:. New York: Barnes & Noble. 2027:Constitutional and Legal History 1728:Constitutional and Legal History 1429:Shepherd "Bastards of Henry II" 313:; he chose to resign and became 6287:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke 5163:Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt 2990:King John: England's Evil King? 2317:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. 1497:Greenway "Archdeacons of York" 1436: 1144: 1131: 1114: 1101: 1092: 1083: 1073: 1060: 1035: 1026: 1017: 986:Henry also held the duchies of 980: 484:, where he probably befriended 16:12th century Archbishop of York 5907:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke 3535:Archdeacons of the East Riding 2797:Mitchell, Sydney Knox (1971). 2400:King John: New Interpretations 2378:Handbook of British Chronology 1764:Handbook of British Chronology 1658:Greenway "Treasurers of York" 1644:Handbook of British Chronology 1628:Handbook of British Chronology 1549:Greenway "Bishops of Lincoln" 1249:Handbook of British Chronology 959: 1: 6128: 6036:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde 5566:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall 5440:Geoffrey (archbishop of York) 5417:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany 5397:William IX, Count of Poitiers 3068:The English Historical Review 2875:The English Historical Review 2639:Religion in the Medieval West 2210: 1947:Bethell "William of Corbeil" 1673:Religion in the Medieval West 840: 700:priory of St. Martin in Dover 580: 504: 356: 6224: 6020:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 2801:. Hamden, CT: Archon Books. 2799:Taxation in Medieval England 2754:UK public library membership 2622:10.1016/0304-4181(75)90022-6 2145:Quoted in Turner and Heiser 2082:Taxation in Medieval England 1684:Greenway "Prebends of York" 1601:Quoted in Lovatt "Geoffrey" 1156: 948:University Library at Leiden 7: 6386:Lord chancellors of England 3695:Bartholomew Cardinal Oleari 2610:Journal of Medieval History 2583:Greenway, Diana E. (1999). 2558:Greenway, Diana E. (1999). 2533:Greenway, Diana E. (1999). 2508:Greenway, Diana E. (1999). 2483:Greenway, Diana E. (1977). 2458:Greenway, Diana E. (1977). 2095:Journal of Medieval History 531:Archdeaconry of East Riding 160: 10: 6422: 6376:High sheriffs of Yorkshire 5358: 3148:Young, Charles R. (1968). 2941:The Genealogists' Magazine 2888:10.1093/ehr/LVI.CCXXIV.595 2678:Joliffe, J. E. A. (1955). 2637:Hamilton, Bernard (2003). 2147:Reign of Richard Lionheart 2134:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1871:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1845:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1819:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1806:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1697:Wahlgren "Peter of Blois" 1181:Wahlgren "Peter of Blois" 1170:Reign of Richard Lionheart 1124:, began shortly after the 1068:Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany 934:is a lavishly illuminated 468:and also helped to compel 349:, and other clergy in his 6303: 6262: 6249: 6232: 6219: 6179:Anne of York, Lady Howard 6136: 6123: 6098: 6085: 6060: 6047: 5987: 5974: 5951: 5938: 5859: 5846: 5798: 5785: 5743:Alphonso, Earl of Chester 5710: 5697: 5652: 5639: 5548: 5535: 5509: 5496: 5470: 5457: 5384: 5371: 5325:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes 5307: 5294: 5019: 4711: 4666: 4509: 4344: 4256: 4182: 4080: 4072:see removed to Dorchester 4009: 3881: 3780: 3637: 3541: 3468: 3441: 3402: 3357: 3296: 3287: 3279: 3269: 3260: 3252: 3245: 3235: 3226: 3218: 3213: 2988:Turner, Ralph V. (2005). 2971:Turner, Ralph V. (1968). 2780:McGurk, J. J. N. (1970). 2761:Lyon, Bryce Dale (1980). 2256:10.1017/S0022046900056864 1699:English Historical Review 1615:English Historical Review 1484:Given-Wilson and Curteis 1471:Given-Wilson and Curteis 1416:Given-Wilson and Curteis 1183:English Historical Review 257: 253: 249: 237: 225: 215: 204: 197: 193: 189: 177: 173: 143: 131: 123: 118: 101: 93: 88: 73: 63: 53: 45: 37: 30: 23: 4606:, Bishop of Ely (acting) 4519:(later Pretyman Tomline) 3081:10.1093/ehr/cxi.444.1202 2952:Spear, David S. (2006). 2922:Scammell, G. V. (1956). 2903:Robinson, I. S. (1990). 2855:; Wallis, Keith (1968). 2460:"Archdeacons of Lincoln" 2313:Cheney, Mary G. (1980). 965:He was sometimes called 953: 593:Benedict of Peterborough 494:Adam, Bishop of St Asaph 320:Geoffrey's half-brother 5872:Edward the Black Prince 3956:Peter Harrison (Acting) 2728:"Geoffrey (1151?–1212)" 2106:Jones "Generation Gap" 1218:Greenway "Archbishops" 1122:Canterbury–York dispute 932:Leiden St Louis Psalter 897:Leiden St Louis Psalter 6366:Archdeacons of Lincoln 6256:Richard III of England 5365: 5094:Episcopacy abolished ( 5006:Christopher Bainbridge 4846:Roger de Pont L'Évêque 4538:Christopher Wordsworth 4437:Episcopacy abolished ( 3283:Roger de Pont L'Évêque 3247:Catholic Church titles 2992:. Stroud, UK: Tempus. 2833:Morgan, Nigel (1982). 2816:Morey, Adrian (1937). 2740:10.1093/ref:odnb/10535 2726:Lovatt, Marie (2004). 1431:Genealogists' Magazine 1291:England and its Rulers 1278:England and its Rulers 1262:England and its Rulers 928:Archdeacon of Richmond 900: 875:Geoffrey of Coldingham 750:Primate of all England 683: 548:Patriarch of Jerusalem 373: 371:illuminated manuscript 369:, from a 13th-century 58:Roger de Pont L'Évêque 5945:Richard II of England 5853:Edward III of England 5811:Edward III of England 5758:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan 5554:Isabella of Angoulême 5542:John, King of England 5515:Berengaria of Navarre 5432:John, King of England 5364: 3660:Aymer Cardinal Robert 3620:Robert of Scarborough 2535:"Archdeacons of York" 2278:. New York: Penguin. 2202:Survey of Manuscripts 1564:Bartholomew of Exeter 1444:Richard the Lionheart 926:, Geoffrey appointed 888: 678: 413:Archdeacon of Lincoln 393:Geoffrey's mother is 364: 311:consecrated as bishop 83:Archdeacon of Lincoln 6381:House of Plantagenet 5865:Philippa of Hainault 5821:Eleanor of Woodstock 5792:Edward II of England 5763:Edward II of England 5685:Katherine of England 5646:Henry III of England 5561:Henry III of England 5503:Richard I of England 5464:Henry the Young King 5412:Richard I of England 5402:Henry the Young King 5390:Eleanor of Aquitaine 5288:House of Plantagenet 5183:William Connor Magee 5128:Sir William Dawes Bt 4851:Geoffrey Plantagenet 4243:Richard of Gravesend 4208:Geoffrey Plantagenet 3650:William de Ayremynne 3453:William de Longchamp 2585:"Treasurers of York" 2545:on 27 September 2007 2485:"Bishops of Lincoln" 1962:Struggle for Mastery 994:and the counties of 967:Geoffrey Plantagenet 803:Sheriff of Yorkshire 571:Bishop of Winchester 437:papal judge-delegate 378:Eleanor of Aquitaine 147:Notre Dame du Parc, 6391:Henry II of England 6361:Archbishops of York 6291:Richard of Eastwell 6237:no consort or issue 6142:Elizabeth Woodville 6092:Henry VI of England 6073:Henry VI of England 6066:Catherine of Valois 6030:Philippa of England 5981:Henry IV of England 5704:Edward I of England 5675:Beatrice of England 5670:Margaret of England 5665:Edward I of England 5658:Eleanor of Provence 5616:Bartholomew FitzRoy 5589:Joan, Lady of Wales 5576:Isabella of England 5483:William Plantagenet 5378:Henry II of England 5348:Mary of Shaftesbury 5330:William FitzEmpress 5320:Henry II of England 5153:Robert Hay Drummond 5133:Lancelot Blackburne 4906:Thomas of Corbridge 4891:William de Wickwane 4841:William FitzHerbert 4831:William FitzHerbert 4660:Archbishops of York 4618:Stephen Conway 4392:Nicholas Bullingham 4213:Walter de Coutances 3813:Marmaduke Blakiston 3710:William de Waltham 3680:John de Hermesthorp 3569:Ralph de Warneville 3426:Ralph de Warneville 3387:William FitzGilbert 3273:Walter de Coutances 3222:Ralph de Warneville 2160:King and His Courts 1553:: Volume 3: Lincoln 1527:: Volume 3: Lincoln 1047:Clementhorpe Priory 754:Clementhorpe Priory 702:, was dragged from 688:Archbishop of Tours 563:Philip II of France 552:Walter de Coutances 439:at that time. Pope 275:Henry II of England 232:Ralph de Warneville 182:Henry II of England 113:Archbishop of Tours 6371:Bishops of Lincoln 6283:John of Gloucester 6054:Henry V of England 6025:Blanche of England 6005:Henry V of England 5962:Isabella of Valois 5804:Isabella of France 5716:Eleanor of Castile 5366: 4911:William Greenfield 4598:Christopher Lowson 4238:Henry of Lexington 4233:Robert Grosseteste 4189:Remigius de Fécamp 4174:Remigius de Fécamp 4003:Bishops of Lincoln 3899:Charles Mackarness 3868:Robert Wilberforce 3685:William de Waltham 3670:William de Walcote 3645:Bertrand de Fargis 3579:Burchard de Puiset 3564:John of Canterbury 3375:Philip de Harcourt 3290:Archbishop of York 3214:Political offices 3174:Douie, D. (1960). 3075:(444): 1202–1215. 2560:"Prebends of York" 2132:Turner and Heiser 1895:Powell and Wallis 1869:Turner and Heiser 1843:Turner and Heiser 1817:Turner and Heiser 1804:Turner and Heiser 1577:Roger of Worcester 1397:Lovatt "Geoffrey" 1168:Turner and Heiser 944:Louis IX of France 940:Blanche of Castile 901: 859:Guisborough Priory 744:to style himself " 706:and imprisoned in 684: 645:Bishop of Whithorn 622:Burchard du Puiset 586:First difficulties 417:diocese of Lincoln 374: 287:archbishop of York 32:Archbishop of York 6316: 6315: 6299: 6298: 6245: 6244: 6215: 6214: 6208:Grace Plantagenet 6189:Catherine of York 6149:Elizabeth of York 6119: 6118: 6104:Margaret of Anjou 6081: 6080: 6043: 6042: 5970: 5969: 5934: 5933: 5920:John de Southeray 5877:Isabella de Coucy 5842: 5841: 5826:Joan of the Tower 5781: 5780: 5753:Mary of Woodstock 5693: 5692: 5680:Edmund Crouchback 5635: 5634: 5531: 5530: 5492: 5491: 5485:(died in infancy) 5453: 5452: 5356: 5355: 5254: 5253: 5241:(acting diocesan) 4946:Richard le Scrope 4931:Alexander Neville 4625: 4624: 4407:William Chaderton 4203:Robert de Chesney 3969: 3968: 3951:David Butterfield 3808:Richard Remington 3625:John de Crowcombe 3600:Walter de Wisbech 3501: 3500: 3306: 3305: 3297:Succeeded by 3270:Succeeded by 3263:Bishop of Lincoln 3256:Robert de Chesney 3239:William Longchamp 3236:Succeeded by 3202:978-1-84383-485-4 2752:(subscription or 2409:978-0-85115-947-8 2368:978-0-7486-2047-0 1055:William Longespée 899:made for Geoffrey 649:Giovanni d'Anagni 604:, as archbishop. 575:Fontevrault Abbey 556:William Longchamp 527:Treasurer of York 466:Battle of Alnwick 425:diocese of London 395:Rosamund Clifford 382:Geoffrey of Anjou 347:cathedral chapter 343:suffragan bishops 327:William Longchamp 261: 260: 244:William Longchamp 185:Ykenai (possibly) 97:23 September 1189 78:Bishop of Lincoln 6413: 6331:Lord chancellors 6251: 6250: 6221: 6220: 6169:Margaret of York 6125: 6124: 6087: 6086: 6049: 6048: 5976: 5975: 5940: 5939: 5848: 5847: 5787: 5786: 5699: 5698: 5641: 5640: 5601:Geoffrey FitzRoy 5537: 5536: 5523:Philip of Cognac 5498: 5497: 5459: 5458: 5373: 5372: 5296: 5295: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5258: 5257: 5246:Stephen Cottrell 5188:William Maclagan 5074:George Montaigne 5020:Post-Reformation 4996:Thomas Rotherham 4926:John of Thoresby 4811:Thomas of Bayeux 4698:John of Beverley 4652: 4645: 4638: 4629: 4628: 4486:Richard Reynolds 4446:Robert Sanderson 4422:George Montaigne 4331:Thomas Rotherham 4321:Marmaduke Lumley 4301:Philip Repyngdon 4223:William de Blois 3996: 3989: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3931:Donald Snelgrove 3922:, Bishop of Hull 3916:, Bishop of Hull 3863:Francis Wrangham 3858:Darley Waddilove 3853:Thomas Constable 3798:Martin Parkinson 3615:Simon of Evesham 3610:Walter de Woburn 3528: 3521: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3342:Lord Chancellors 3332: 3325: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3280:Preceded by 3253:Preceded by 3219:Preceded by 3211: 3210: 3206: 3187: 3161: 3144: 3122: 3100: 3061: 3042: 3003: 2984: 2967: 2948: 2935: 2918: 2899: 2882:(224): 595–605. 2868: 2853:Powell, J. Enoch 2848: 2829: 2812: 2793: 2776: 2757: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2722: 2691: 2680:Angevin Kingship 2674: 2652: 2633: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2570:on 9 August 2011 2554: 2552: 2550: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2454: 2435: 2418:Gillingham, John 2413: 2396:Gillingham, John 2391: 2372: 2350: 2328: 2309: 2289: 2272:Carpenter, David 2267: 2236: 2205: 2198: 2189: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2163: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2124: 2117: 2111: 2104: 2098: 2091: 2085: 2078: 2072: 2065: 2059: 2056:Angevin Kingship 2052: 2043: 2036: 2030: 2023: 2017: 2010: 2004: 1997: 1991: 1984: 1978: 1971: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1926: 1919: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1874: 1867: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1802: 1793: 1786: 1780: 1773: 1767: 1760: 1749: 1742: 1731: 1724: 1715: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1689: 1688:: Volume 6: York 1682: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1662:: Volume 6: York 1656: 1647: 1640: 1631: 1624: 1618: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1580: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1547: 1541: 1534: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1514:p. 78 footnote 1 1508: 1502: 1501:: Volume 6: York 1495: 1489: 1482: 1476: 1469: 1463: 1456: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1427: 1421: 1414: 1401: 1395: 1294: 1287: 1281: 1274: 1265: 1258: 1252: 1245: 1236: 1229: 1223: 1222:: Volume 6: York 1216: 1199: 1192: 1186: 1179: 1173: 1166: 1151: 1148: 1142: 1135: 1129: 1118: 1112: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1064: 1058: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1015: 984: 978: 963: 924:Honorius of Kent 889:Scenes from the 881:Death and legacy 855:James of Poterne 825:legatine council 783:Philip of Poitou 737:provincial synod 474:Bishop of Durham 458:William the Lion 305:. By 1182, Pope 272: 240: 228: 209: 135:12 December 1212 119:Personal details 49:12 December 1212 21: 20: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6312: 6295: 6258: 6241: 6228: 6211: 6194:Bridget of York 6132: 6115: 6094: 6077: 6056: 6039: 5983: 5966: 5957:Anne of Bohemia 5947: 5930: 5902:Mary of Waltham 5882:Joan of England 5855: 5838: 5794: 5777: 5706: 5689: 5648: 5631: 5628:William de Forz 5594:Richard FitzRoy 5544: 5527: 5505: 5488: 5466: 5449: 5380: 5367: 5352: 5313:Empress Matilda 5303: 5290: 5285: 5255: 5250: 5178:William Thomson 5173:Charles Longley 5168:Thomas Musgrave 5158:William Markham 5118:Thomas Lamplugh 5103:Accepted Frewen 5079:Samuel Harsnett 5021: 5015: 4971:Richard Fleming 4901:Henry of Newark 4876:William Langton 4713: 4712:Pre-Reformation 4707: 4662: 4656: 4626: 4621: 4573:Maurice Harland 4517:George Pretyman 4505: 4432:Thomas Winniffe 4402:William Wickham 4362:William Atwater 4340: 4316:William Alnwick 4306:Richard Fleming 4276:Henry Burghersh 4252: 4178: 4076: 4005: 4000: 3970: 3965: 3941:Hugh Buckingham 3936:Michael Vickers 3914:Bernard Heywood 3877: 3833:William Brearey 3776: 3757:Henry Carnebull 3752:William Poteman 3633: 3605:Walter de Taney 3554:William of York 3537: 3532: 3502: 3497: 3472: 3464: 3445: 3437: 3406: 3398: 3393:Robert of Ghent 3381:Robert of Ghent 3361: 3353: 3336: 3302: 3293: 3285: 3275: 3266: 3258: 3241: 3232: 3229:Lord Chancellor 3224: 3209: 3203: 3169: 3167:Further reading 3164: 3141: 3119: 3058: 3023:10.2307/4051592 3000: 2964: 2915: 2845: 2809: 2773: 2751: 2744: 2742: 2711:10.2307/4048355 2671: 2649: 2598: 2596: 2573: 2571: 2548: 2546: 2523: 2521: 2498: 2496: 2473: 2471: 2451: 2432: 2410: 2388: 2369: 2347: 2325: 2286: 2233: 2213: 2208: 2199: 2192: 2183: 2179: 2170: 2166: 2157: 2153: 2144: 2140: 2131: 2127: 2118: 2114: 2105: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2075: 2066: 2062: 2053: 2046: 2037: 2033: 2024: 2020: 2011: 2007: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1981: 1972: 1968: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1942: 1933: 1929: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1894: 1890: 1881: 1877: 1868: 1864: 1855: 1851: 1842: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1796: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1725: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1696: 1692: 1683: 1679: 1670: 1666: 1657: 1650: 1641: 1634: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1544: 1535: 1531: 1522: 1518: 1509: 1505: 1496: 1492: 1483: 1479: 1470: 1466: 1457: 1450: 1441: 1437: 1428: 1424: 1415: 1404: 1396: 1297: 1288: 1284: 1275: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1239: 1230: 1226: 1217: 1202: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1132: 1126:Norman Conquest 1119: 1115: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1074: 1065: 1061: 1051:Acquigny Castle 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 985: 981: 971:fitzPlantagenet 964: 960: 956: 883: 867:Fountains Abbey 843: 799:Tickhill Castle 791: 779:Simon of Apulia 729:Hugh of Lincoln 673: 626:Roger of London 614:diocese of York 588: 583: 507: 431:at a school in 406:John of England 386:Gerald of Wales 359: 270: 238: 226: 210: 205: 199:Lord Chancellor 184: 169: 162: 136: 106: 81: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6419: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6285: 6281:Illegitimate: 6278: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6159:Cecily of York 6156: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6121: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6083: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5936: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5924:Jane Northland 5922: 5918:Illegitimate: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5844: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5832:Illegitimate: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625:Philip FitzRoy 5623: 5622:Isabel FitzRoy 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5610:Osbert Gifford 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5598:Oliver FitzRoy 5596: 5591: 5587:Illegitimate: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5521:Illegitimate: 5518: 5517: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5438:Illegitimate: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5369: 5368: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5336:Illegitimate: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5292: 5291: 5284: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5208:Michael Ramsey 5205: 5200: 5198:William Temple 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5143:Matthew Hutton 5140: 5138:Thomas Herring 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5108:Richard Sterne 5105: 5100: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5069:Tobias Matthew 5066: 5064:Matthew Hutton 5061: 5056: 5051: 5049:Edmund Grindal 5046: 5041: 5039:Nicholas Heath 5036: 5034:Robert Holgate 5031: 5025: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4991:Lawrence Booth 4988: 4986:George Neville 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4951:Thomas Langley 4948: 4943: 4938: 4936:Thomas Arundel 4933: 4928: 4923: 4921:William Zouche 4918: 4916:William Melton 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4896:John le Romeyn 4893: 4888: 4886:Walter Giffard 4883: 4878: 4873: 4871:Godfrey Ludham 4868: 4866:Sewal de Bovil 4863: 4861:Walter de Gray 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4608: 4604:Stephen Conway 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4578:Kenneth Riches 4575: 4570: 4565: 4563:Aylmer Skelton 4560: 4555: 4553:William Swayne 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4501:Thomas Thurlow 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4471:James Gardiner 4468: 4466:Thomas Tenison 4463: 4458: 4456:William Fuller 4453: 4448: 4443: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4412:William Barlow 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4372:Henry Holbeach 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4326:John Chadworth 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4296:Henry Beaufort 4293: 4291:John Bokyngham 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4218:Hugh of Avalon 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4164:Ulfus Normanus 4161: 4153: 4148: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3976: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3946:Peter Harrison 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3904:Unknown/vacant 3901: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3838:Heneage Dering 3835: 3830: 3825: 3823:Clement Breton 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3793:William Rokeby 3790: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3732:Robert Clifton 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3703: 3701:William Feryby 3698: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3675:Walter Skirlaw 3672: 3667: 3665:John de Cestre 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3559:Hugh de Puiset 3556: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3489: 3486:Walter de Gray 3483: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3420:Geoffrey Ridel 3417: 3410: 3408: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3354: 3346:House of Blois 3335: 3334: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3295: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3234: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3207: 3201: 3188: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3145: 3139: 3123: 3117: 3101: 3062: 3056: 3043: 3004: 2998: 2985: 2968: 2962: 2949: 2947:(11): 361–368. 2936: 2919: 2913: 2900: 2869: 2849: 2843: 2830: 2813: 2807: 2794: 2777: 2771: 2758: 2723: 2705:(1): 335–348. 2692: 2675: 2669: 2653: 2647: 2634: 2616:(2): 165–186. 2605: 2595:on 7 June 2007 2580: 2555: 2530: 2520:on 7 June 2007 2505: 2495:on 7 June 2007 2480: 2470:on 7 June 2007 2455: 2449: 2436: 2430: 2414: 2408: 2392: 2386: 2373: 2367: 2351: 2345: 2333:Clanchy, M. T. 2329: 2323: 2310: 2290: 2284: 2268: 2250:(2): 145–159. 2237: 2231: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2190: 2177: 2164: 2151: 2138: 2125: 2112: 2099: 2086: 2073: 2060: 2044: 2031: 2018: 2005: 2001:Hugh du Puiset 1992: 1979: 1966: 1953: 1940: 1927: 1923:Hugh du Puiset 1914: 1910:Hugh du Puiset 1901: 1897:House of Lords 1888: 1875: 1862: 1849: 1836: 1832:Hugh du Puiset 1823: 1810: 1794: 1781: 1768: 1762:Fryde, et al. 1750: 1732: 1716: 1703: 1690: 1677: 1664: 1648: 1642:Fryde, et al. 1632: 1626:Fryde, et al. 1619: 1606: 1594: 1590:Hugh du Puiset 1581: 1568: 1555: 1542: 1529: 1516: 1503: 1490: 1486:Royal Bastards 1477: 1473:Royal Bastards 1464: 1448: 1435: 1422: 1418:Royal Bastards 1402: 1295: 1282: 1266: 1253: 1247:Fryde, et al. 1237: 1224: 1200: 1187: 1174: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1143: 1130: 1113: 1100: 1091: 1082: 1072: 1059: 1034: 1025: 1016: 979: 957: 955: 952: 892:Life of Christ 882: 879: 842: 839: 790: 787: 672: 669: 587: 584: 582: 579: 506: 503: 486:Peter of Blois 470:Hugh du Puiset 365:Henry II with 358: 355: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 241: 235: 234: 229: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 202: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 179: 175: 174: 171: 170: 165: 163: 157: 156: 153:Seine-Maritime 145: 141: 140: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 116: 115: 105:18 August 1191 103: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 86: 85: 75: 71: 70: 68:Walter de Gray 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 39: 35: 34: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6418: 6407: 6406:Sons of kings 6404: 6402: 6401:Anglo-Normans 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6319: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6218: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6122: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6046: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5993:Mary de Bohun 5990: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5613:Eudes FitzRoy 5612: 5609: 5607:Henry FitzRoy 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5343:Emma of Anjou 5341: 5339: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5239:Paul Ferguson 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5218:Stuart Blanch 5216: 5214: 5213:Donald Coggan 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203:Cyril Garbett 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5092: 5090: 5089:John Williams 5087: 5085: 5084:Richard Neile 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5011:Thomas Wolsey 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5001:Thomas Savage 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:William Booth 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Philip Morgan 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Robert Hallam 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4941:Robert Waldby 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4856:Simon Langton 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4796:Ælfric Puttoc 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4523:George Pelham 4521: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4481:Edmund Gibson 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4461:Thomas Barlow 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4451:Benjamin Lany 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4427:John Williams 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4417:Richard Neile 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397:Thomas Cooper 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4387:Thomas Watson 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4367:John Longland 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4357:Thomas Wolsey 4355: 4353: 4352:William Smyth 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4264:John Dalderby 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257:Late Medieval 4255: 4249: 4248:Oliver Sutton 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4228:Hugh of Wells 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4183:High Medieval 4181: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3909:Malet Lambert 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3889:Richard Blunt 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3848:Robert Oliver 3846: 3844: 3843:Jaques Sterne 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3772:Thomas Magnus 3770: 3768: 3767:Richard Mayew 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3742:Edmund Audley 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3655:Denis Haverel 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638:Late Medieval 3636: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542:High Medieval 3540: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3493: 3492:Richard Marsh 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480:Hubert Walter 3478: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3414:Thomas Becket 3412: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3369:Roger le Poer 3367: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3301: 3300:Simon Langton 3292: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3204: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3171: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3140:0-520-03643-3 3136: 3132: 3128: 3127:Warren, W. L. 3124: 3120: 3118:0-520-03494-5 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105:Warren, W. L. 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3057:0-582-25660-7 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3005: 3001: 2999:0-7524-3385-7 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2965: 2963:1-871348-95-1 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2914:0-521-31922-6 2910: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2844:0-19-921026-8 2840: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2808:0-208-00956-6 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2772:0-393-95132-4 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2670:0-19-820309-8 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2648:0-340-80839-X 2644: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510:"Archbishops" 2506: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2450:1-56619-962-X 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2431:0-300-07912-5 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2387:0-521-56350-X 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2346:1-4051-0650-6 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2324:0-19-821879-6 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:Hubert Walter 2295: 2294:Cheney, C. R. 2291: 2287: 2285:0-14-014824-8 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2232:0-520-07175-1 2228: 2224: 2223:Thomas Becket 2220: 2219:Barlow, Frank 2216: 2215: 2203: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2186:Hubert Walter 2181: 2174: 2173:Hubert Walter 2168: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2135: 2129: 2122: 2116: 2109: 2103: 2096: 2090: 2083: 2077: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2041: 2035: 2028: 2022: 2015: 2009: 2002: 1996: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1975:Hubert Walter 1970: 1963: 1957: 1950: 1944: 1937: 1936:Hubert Walter 1931: 1924: 1918: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1885: 1879: 1872: 1866: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1833: 1827: 1820: 1814: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1778: 1772: 1765: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1729: 1723: 1721: 1713: 1707: 1700: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1674: 1668: 1661: 1655: 1653: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1629: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1565: 1559: 1552: 1546: 1539: 1533: 1526: 1520: 1513: 1507: 1500: 1494: 1487: 1481: 1474: 1468: 1461: 1455: 1453: 1445: 1439: 1432: 1426: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1292: 1286: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1263: 1257: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1197: 1196:Thomas Becket 1191: 1184: 1178: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1147: 1140: 1134: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1110: 1104: 1095: 1086: 1076: 1069: 1063: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:Godstow Abbey 1038: 1029: 1020: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 983: 976: 972: 968: 962: 958: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 916: 912: 910: 906: 898: 894: 893: 887: 878: 876: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 838: 835: 829: 826: 821: 815: 813: 808: 804: 800: 796: 786: 784: 780: 775: 771: 765: 763: 762:Celestine III 759: 758:Godstow Abbey 755: 751: 747: 741: 738: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717:Thomas Becket 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 681: 677: 668: 666: 662: 661:Third Crusade 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 631: 628:the abbot of 627: 623: 619: 618:Henry Marshal 615: 611: 605: 603: 602:Hubert Walter 599: 594: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 502: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478:Roger Mowbray 475: 471: 467: 463: 462:King of Scots 459: 455: 450: 447: 442: 441:Alexander III 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 411:Geoffrey was 409: 407: 403: 398: 396: 391: 387: 383: 379: 372: 368: 367:Thomas Becket 363: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 303:King of Scots 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 269: 265: 256: 252: 248: 245: 242: 236: 233: 230: 224: 221: 218: 214: 208: 203: 200: 196: 192: 188: 183: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 114: 110: 104: 100: 96: 92: 87: 84: 79: 76: 74:Other post(s) 72: 69: 66: 62: 59: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 33: 29: 22: 19: 6336:1150s births 6318: 6268:Anne Neville 6236: 6154:Mary of York 5619:Maud FitzRoy 5604:John FitzRoy 5439: 5237: 5233:John Sentamu 5223:John Habgood 5148:John Gilbert 5096:Commonwealth 5093: 5054:Edwin Sandys 5044:Thomas Young 4850: 4836:Henry Murdac 4658:Bishops and 4610: 4602: 4583:Simon Phipps 4558:Nugent Hicks 4548:Edward Hicks 4533:John Jackson 4476:William Wake 4439:Commonwealth 4436: 4345:Early modern 4336:John Russell 4311:William Grey 4286:John Gynwell 4268: 4207: 4193:Robert Bloet 4158: 4145: 4117: 4071: 3955: 3920:Henry Vodden 3903: 3894:James Palmes 3873:Charles Long 3828:Robert Hitch 3781:Early modern 3727:Richard Tone 3711: 3629:de Craucombe 3592: 3573: 3431: 3288: 3261: 3227: 3192: 3175: 3149: 3130: 3108: 3072: 3066: 3047: 3014: 3008: 2989: 2972: 2953: 2944: 2940: 2923: 2904: 2879: 2873: 2856: 2834: 2817: 2798: 2781: 2762: 2743:. 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C. 2355:Flori, Jean 2175:pp. 164–165 2121:Northerners 2084:pp. 177–178 2029:pp. 305–306 2012:Gillingham 1951:pp. 156–157 1925:pp. 178–181 1882:Gillingham 1873:pp. 126–128 1730:pp. 233–236 1420:pp. 103–104 1293:pp. 178–180 1280:pp. 118–119 863:Meaux Abbey 630:Selby Abbey 511:Marlborough 498:consecrated 433:Northampton 277:who became 271: 1152 227:Preceded by 167:Plantagenet 109:Bartholomew 54:Predecessor 41:August 1189 6325:Categories 5228:David Hope 5193:Cosmo Lang 5123:John Sharp 5059:John Piers 5029:Edward Lee 4766:Wulfstan I 4736:Eanbald II 4703:Wilfrid II 4496:John Green 4382:John White 4281:Thomas Bek 4081:Dorchester 4052:Wernbeorht 3961:Andy Broom 3926:Frank Ford 3818:John Cosin 3788:John Dakyn 3344:under the 3294:1181–1212 3267:1173–1183 3233:1181–1189 2574:10 October 2211:References 2058:pp.114–115 1960:Carpenter 1538:Dictionary 1264:pp. 99–101 841:Under John 620:the dean; 616:: he made 581:Archbishop 515:Chancellor 505:Chancellor 390:Walter Map 357:Early life 315:chancellor 307:Lucius III 127:about 1152 94:Ordination 46:Term ended 6130:Edward IV 4976:John Kemp 4821:Thomas II 4756:Æthelbald 4731:Eanbald I 4726:Æthelbert 4588:Bob Hardy 4528:John Kaye 4198:Alexander 4108:Æthelwold 4088:Harlardus 4042:Eadbeorht 4037:Torhthelm 4010:Leicester 3762:John Hole 3583:du Puiset 3443:Richard I 3131:King John 3097:163333460 3039:159498542 2826:154144997 2756:required) 2630:153489145 2422:Richard I 2264:162617876 2204:pp. 61–62 2136:pp. 77–78 2080:Mitchell 2069:King John 2040:King John 2014:Richard I 1999:Scammell 1986:Robinson 1977:pp. 88–89 1938:pp. 52–53 1921:Scammell 1908:Scammell 1899:pp. 98–99 1884:Richard I 1858:King John 1830:Scammell 1808:pp. 89–90 1792:pp. 35–36 1790:King John 1777:King John 1712:Personnel 1671:Hamilton 1592:pp. 38–39 1588:Scammell 1157:Citations 1008:Richard I 992:Aquitaine 950:in 1741. 795:Doncaster 704:sanctuary 665:Justiciar 637:Southwell 544:Heraclius 540:Jerusalem 523:plurality 519:benefices 464:, at the 454:rebellion 429:canon law 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Geoffrey (archbishop of York)

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