Knowledge

General Order 40

Source πŸ“

48:. The first formal regulations governing broadcasts intended for the general public were adopted effective December 1, 1921. This initially established just two transmitting wavelengths β€” 360 meters (833 kHz) for "entertainment" broadcasts, and 485 meters (619 kHz) for "market news and weather reports". The number of broadcasting stations grew dramatically in 1922, reaching over 500 by the end of the year, and the government began making available additional frequencies. By November 1924 a band of frequencies, from 550 to 1500 kHz, had been established, with higher-powered stations, known as "Class B", assigned to the frequencies from 550 to 1070, while lower-powered "Class A" stations were assigned to 1080 to 1500. 93: 100:
On August 30, 1928, the Commission issued General Order 40, which set new standards for radio broadcasting. A "broadcast band" was defined, consisting of 96 frequencies, spaced every 10 kilohertz, from 550 to 1500 kHz. Six of themβ€”690, 730, 840, 910, 960, and 1030β€”were restricted for use only by
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The reorganization greatly reduced interference caused by the chaos that resulted from the earlier collapse of regulation. There was some controversy that the assignments had created groups of "have" and "have-not" stationsβ€”with the Clear Channel stations receiving a major economic boost, while many
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in Davenport, Iowa. Both stations unsuccessfully fought the shared allocation. Initially the two stations transmitted the same programs using synchronized transmitters, but eventually WHO bought out WOC and consolidated operations as WHO-WOC in Des Moines. Still later WOC was split-off, leaving just
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meant that radio signals traveled much greater distances. Most transmitters at this time were unable to precisely control their output frequencies, thus, signals from two stations operating on the same nominal frequency would combine to make a high-pitched "heterodyne" tone that interfered with the
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Forty-four frequencies, later known as "Regional", were designated to be used concurrently by stations in multiple zones. Forty of these frequencies had power limits of 1,000 watts, while the remaining four, 1460-1490, referred to as "Super Regional", had 5,000-watt limits. In numerous cases up to
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transmitting frequencies into three main categories, which became known as Clear Channel, Regional, and Local. It also included provisions for coordination with Canadian station assignments. The majority of the reassignments resulting from the plan's implementation went into effect on November 11,
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The table below presents a general outline of the allocations made under the order. For "Clear" frequencies, the zone of that frequency's principal station is listed, followed by the principal station's call letters and location, then the frequency that had been previously used by the principal
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Forty of the U.S. frequenciesβ€”eight in each zoneβ€”which came to be known as "Clear Channels", were generally limited nationally to a single station. The maximum power for these stations was to be determined later, and in most cases was set at 50,000 watts. In some cases, secondary stations were
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In 1926, the government's regulatory authority under the 1912 Radio Act was successfully challenged, and, for a chaotic period that lasted until early 1927, radio stations were free to use any frequency and power they chose, while the number of stations increased to 732. The
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remaining stations, often with limited hours due to time-sharing, had constricted futures. Also, although the reorganization accounted for Canada, it did not include other nearby countries, most notably Mexico. Twelve years later this omission was addressed by the
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in Schenectady, New York was also assigned this frequency, but with KGO's power limited to 7,500 watts, until a directional antenna became feasible and KGO's power could be raised to 50,000 watts. KGO is the General Order 40 station on 790/810 kHz, not WGY.
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assigned the same frequency, with provisions to avoid interference with the primary station's coverage by locating the secondary stations long distances from the primary stations, limiting their power, or restricting them to daytime-only operation.
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stations' call signs are the original primary assignments, while call signs shown in parentheses were owned by the same licensee as the principal station. The additional stations on a frequency were: 1) shared allocations, 2)
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Canadian stations, leaving 90 available for US assignment. The country was further divided into five zones, to coordinate the Davis Amendment directive of an equitable assignment of stations.
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stations. The Commission also reallocated frequency assignments to reduce interference and provide better service to smaller communities and underserved rural areas. A constraint was the
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reception of both stations. Secondly, directional antennas would not be developed until the early 1930s, so there was no effective method for limiting signals in a given direction.
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Two technical issues limited the number of stations that could operate without interfering with each other. These issues were especially important at night, when a change in the
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Second Annual Report of the Federal Radio Commission for the Year Ended June 30, 1928, Together With Supplemental Report for the Period From July 1, 1928 to September 30, 1928
65: 293:, or 3) secondary stations which eventually achieved full-time status, but at lower power or using a directional antenna that protected the primary station's coverage. 251:
The remaining six frequenciesβ€”1200, 1210, 1310, 1370, 1420 and 1500β€”later known as "Local", were issued to stations in all five zones, with a power limit of 100 watts.
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in Fort Worth, Texas. Eventually, these stations also shared a second, regional frequency (570), and until 1970 alternated between the two frequencies every 12 hours.
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in Chicago, Illinois. To avoid interference, at night KFAB carried the same network programming as WBBM and the stations closely synchronized their transmissions.
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magazine concluded that, despite some continuing issues, the changes meant that "on the whole, the broadcasting situation has been much improved".
27:, dated August 30, 1928, described the standards for a sweeping reorganization of radio broadcasting in the United States. This order grouped the 3423: 3278: 261: 113:
Due to a lack of Clear Channel frequencies, in several cases two stations were assigned the same frequency and required to share time on them:
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in Chicago, Illinois. This discrepancy was resolved when KYW moved to Philadelphia in 1934, and the Philadelphia station previously on 1020,
1469: 3334: 3382: 3319:"Subcommittee No. 2: Allocation of Frequencies or Wave Lengths to Broadcasting Stations" 3335:"History of the Directional Antenna in the Standard Broadcast Band for Purpose of Protecting Service Area of Distant Stations" 273: 41: 243:
four stations in a given location were assigned the same frequency, requiring them to establish time-sharing agreements.
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on November 11, 1928, and required most U.S. radio stations to move to a new broadcast frequency. A survey conducted by
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and WENR, both in Chicago, Illinois. This continued until 1959 when ABC purchased both stations and WENR was deleted.
3367:"Revised list of broadcasting stations, by frequencies, effective 3 a. m., November 11, 1928, eastern standard time" 3318: 3366: 290: 96:
Five U.S. zones used to help ensure stations were equally allocated as required by the Davis Amendment
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Zone 2 Clear Channel frequency 1020 kHz was initially used by a high-powered station in Zone 4,
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by Mark Durenberger. Six article series reviewing the history of clear-channel AM radio stations.
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Recommendations for Regulation of Radio adopted by the Third National Radio Conference
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in Oakland, California. Because of the separation between the stations, GE's
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Radio transmissions in the United States were originally regulated by the
3357:, August 31, 1928, pages 9-10. The Davis Amendment was repealed in 1936. 80: 3216: 3172: 3083: 2442: 2432: 2406: 2398: 2328: 2310: 2278: 2251: 2234: 2212: 2144: 2134: 1953: 1944: 1929: 1862: 1847: 1797: 1650: 1594: 1282: 1238: 1234: 1215: 1210: 1168: 1138: 1111: 1094: 994: 956: 809: 701: 636: 613: 231: 227: 199: 195: 186: 182: 137: 133: 124: 56:
was passed to regain control of the situation. The Act established a
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station, and any additional stations assigned to that frequency.
28: 230:, moved to regional frequency 920 kHz, sharing time with 60:, which reduced the number of stations, primarily through its 16:
1928 American reorganization of radio broadcasting frequencies
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Zone 5 Clear Channel frequency 790 kHz was assigned to
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General Order 40's implementation took effect at 3 a.m.
3339:IRE Transactions on Broadcast Transmission Systems 3410: 267: 3279:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement 262:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement 87: 264:(NARBA), which took effect March 29, 1941. 960:, New York, New York (Newark, New Jersey) 803:, New York, New York (Newark, New Jersey) 3219:, Cincinnati, Ohio (Covington, Kentucky) 91: 3429:United States communications regulation 3328: 237: 3411: 1066:, San Francisco, California (Oakland) 3424:History of radio in the United States 246: 13: 3325:, October 6-10, 1924, pages 16-17. 14: 3440: 3403:"Behind the Clear Channel Matter" 3396: 3383:"Reallocations Improve Reception" 1800:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2) 104: 2147:, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (4) 1993:, San Francisco, California (5) 1686:, Springfield, Massachusetts / 3376: 3360: 3344: 3312: 3296: 2445:, Bridgeport, Connecticut (1) 2332:, Wheeling, West Virginia (2) 1827:, Vancouver, British Columbia 1731:, Los Angeles, California (5) 871:, Vancouver, British Columbia 812:, Los Angeles, California (5) 719:, Raleigh, North Carolina (3) 1: 3389:, December 1928, pages 46-47. 3289: 2401:, Minneapolis, Minnesota (4) 2359:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1865:, East Lansing, Michigan (2) 1148:WPCH, New York, New York (1) 268:November 11, 1928 assignments 149:in Shreveport, Louisiana and 64:, in addition to eliminating 35: 2111:, Atlantic City, New Jersey 2027:, Charlotte, North Carolina 1218:, Boston, Massachusetts (1) 1075:, Schenectady, New York (1) 904:, Clay Center, Nebraska (4) 714:, Saint Joseph, Missouri (4) 705:, San Francisco, California 7: 3309:, January 3, 1922, page 10. 3303:"Amendments to Regulations" 3272: 2103:, Stockton, California (5) 1860:, Hot Springs, Arkansas (3) 1654:, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1321:, Kansas City, Missouri (4) 969:, Saint Louis, Missouri (4) 202:in Wheeling, West Virginia. 198:in Fort Wayne, Indiana and 185:in Baltimore, Maryland and 88:General Order 40 provisions 10: 3445: 3175:, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 2409:, Albuquerque, New Mexico 1900:, Los Angeles, California 1472:, Trail, British Columbia 1213:, Gainesville, Florida (3) 747:, Arlington, Virginia (2) 616:, Seattle, Washington (5) 569:, Los Angeles, California 254: 153:in New Orleans, Louisiana. 3205: 3190: 3185: 3182: 3160: 3145: 3140: 3137: 3116: 3101: 3096: 3093: 3072: 3057: 3052: 3049: 2397: 2383: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2319: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2242: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2099: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2076: 1938: 1924: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1727: 1713: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1355: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1326:, Tacoma, Washington (5) 1274: 1269:, New Orleans, Louisiana 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1142:, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1102: 1090: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1003: 989: 984: 981: 978: 974:, Tacoma, Washington (5) 319: 316: 313: 306: 303: 298: 189:in Hartford, Connecticut. 123:in Lincoln, Nebraska and 3337:by Raymond M. Wilmotte, 3284:Federal Radio Commission 3086:, Saint Paul, Minnesota 2210:, New York, New York (1) 2064:, Saint Louis, Missouri 2040:, Chicago, Illinois (4) 2003:, Tuscola, Illinois (4) 1933:, Hartford, Connecticut 1876:, Kenmore, New York (1) 1791:, Chicago, Illinois (4) 1630:, Chicago, Illinois (4) 1285:, Shreveport, Louisiana 171:in Des Moines, Iowa and 58:Federal Radio Commission 21:Federal Radio Commission 3111:, Nashville, Tennessee 2205:, Chicago, Illinois (4) 2196:, Salt Lake City, Utah 1947:, Portland, Oregon (5) 1942:, Norfolk, Nebraska (3) 1172:, Louisville, Kentucky 607:, Nashville, Tennessee 44:, as authorized by the 3355:Radio Service Bulletin 3351:"General Order No. 40" 3307:Radio Service Bulletin 3130:, Spokane, Washington 2368:, Muscatine, Iowa (4) 2314:, Fort Wayne, Indiana 2282:, Rochester, New York 2237:, Birmingham, Alabama 1957:, Baltimore, Maryland 1909:, Milford, Kansas (4) 1621:, Seattle, Washington 649:, Omaha, Nebraska (4) 320:Other stations sharing 97: 42:Department of Commerce 3200:, Syracuse, New York 2436:, San Antonio, Texas 2138:, Richmond, Virginia 2094:, New York, New York 1998:, Carthage, Illinois/ 1312:, New York, New York 640:, New York, New York 583:, Columbus, Ohio (2) 317:Principal station(s) 136:in Dallas, Texas and 95: 3240:, Chicago, Illinois 3155:, Buffalo, New York 2493:5 Canadian stations 2215:, Buffalo, New York 2172:4 Canadian stations 1767:2 Canadian stations 1597:, Edmonton, Alberta 1520:5 Canadian stations 1467:, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1394:7 Canadian stations 1366:, Chicago, Illinois 1350:, Chicago, Illinois 1115:, Fort Worth, Texas 1042:3 Canadian stations 1014:, Lincoln, Nebraska 998:, Chicago, Illinois 928:, Detroit, Michigan 836:, Chicago, Illinois 673:, Chicago, Illinois 545:3 Canadian stations 474:3 Canadian stations 426:8 Canadian stations 238:Regional frequencies 3353:(August 30, 1928), 3067:, Washington, D.C. 2392:, Portland, Oregon 1819:, Montreal, Quebec 1589:, Toronto, Ontario 1459:, Montreal, Quebec 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323: 318: 315: 312: 305: 302: 269: 266: 256: 253: 248: 245: 239: 236: 204: 203: 190: 177: 163: 154: 141: 128: 106: 105:Clear channels 103: 89: 86: 37: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3441: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3419:Broadcast law 3417: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1724: 1722:, Des Moines 1721: 1720: 1716: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 977: 973: 968: 965: 962: 959: 958: 954: 951: 946: 943: 940: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 926: 922: 919: 914: 911: 908: 907: 903: 900: 897: 894: 893: 889: 886: 881: 878: 875: 874: 870: 867: 865: 862: 859: 856: 854: 851: 848: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 834: 830: 827: 822: 819: 816: 815: 811: 808: 805: 802: 801: 797: 794: 789: 786: 783: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 769: 765: 762: 757: 754: 751: 750: 746: 741: 738: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 723: 722: 718: 713: 710: 707: 704: 703: 699: 696: 691: 688: 685: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 671: 667: 664: 659: 656: 653: 652: 648: 645: 642: 639: 638: 634: 631: 626: 623: 620: 619: 615: 612: 609: 606: 605: 601: 598: 593: 590: 587: 586: 582: 577: 574: 571: 568: 567: 563: 560: 555: 552: 549: 548: 542: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 523: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 500: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 477: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 452: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 429: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 404: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 381: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 358: 354: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 335: 329: 326: 325: 297: 294: 292: 287: 281: 279: 275: 265: 263: 252: 244: 235: 233: 229: 225: 220: 217: 213: 209: 201: 197: 194: 191: 188: 184: 181: 178: 174: 170: 167: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 148: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 126: 122: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 102: 94: 85: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 49: 47: 43: 33: 30: 29:AM radio band 26: 22: 3386: 3378: 3370: 3362: 3354: 3346: 3338: 3330: 3322: 3314: 3306: 3298: 3222: 3206: 3161: 3117: 3073: 2431: 2387: 2354: 2327: 2320: 2309: 2288: 2277: 2250: 2243: 2191: 2133: 2108: 2070: 2059: 2022: 1979: 1952: 1928: 1895: 1846: 1786: 1717: 1696: 1681: 1660: 1649: 1616: 1356: 1345: 1307: 1275: 1264: 1199: 1178: 1167: 1137: 1110: 1103: 1061: 1004: 993: 955: 934: 923: 890: 842: 831: 798: 777: 766: 700: 679: 668: 635: 602: 564: 327:Calls, City 285: 282: 277: 274:Eastern time 271: 258: 250: 241: 221: 205: 192: 179: 165: 156: 143: 130: 117: 112: 108: 99: 78: 50: 39: 24: 18: 3248:1500  3183:1490  3138:1480  3094:1470  3050:1460  3027:1450  3004:1440  2981:1430  2958:1420  2935:1410  2912:1400  2889:1390  2866:1380  2843:1370  2820:1360  2797:1350  2774:1340  2751:1330  2728:1320  2705:1310  2682:1300  2659:1290  2636:1280  2613:1270  2590:1260  2567:1250  2544:1240  2521:1230  2498:1220  2473:1210  2450:1200  2439:1070  2417:1190  2395:1080  2373:1180  2362:1150  2340:1170  2317:1310  2295:1160  2285:1070  2263:1150  2220:1140  2177:1130  2152:1120  2141:1180  2119:1110  2114:1100  2077:1100  2067:1000  2045:1090  2030:1160  2008:1080  1981:WTAM/(WEAR) 1965:1070  1960:1050  1914:1060  1881:1050  1870:1470  1832:1040  1805:1030  1772:1020  1747:1010  1703:1000  1369:1040  1364:WENR/(WBCN) 1309:WABC/(WBOQ) 1272:1220  995:WBBM/(WJBT) 66:"temporary" 3413:Categories 3290:References 2412:760  2335:580  2258:860  2240:880  2199:990  2097:810  1987:750  1936:560  1903:890  1854:650  1794:570  1788:KYW/(KFKX) 1742:800  1725:560  1693:910  1667:990  1657:960  1635:980  1624:970  1602:970  1571:960  1548:950  1525:940  1500:930  1477:920  1445:910  1422:900  1399:890  1374:880  1353:870  1331:870  1315:970  1293:860  1288:760  1250:850  1223:840  1207:920  1185:830  1175:930  1153:820  1145:740  1123:810  1118:600  1100:550  1080:800  1069:790  1047:790  1022:780  1017:940  1001:770  979:770  963:660  941:760  931:680  909:750  898:630  876:740  849:730  839:720  833:WGN/(WLIB) 817:720  806:710  784:710  774:700  752:700  724:690  708:710  686:680  676:670  654:670  643:610  621:660  610:890  588:650  572:640  550:640  525:630  502:620  479:610  454:600  431:590  406:580  383:570  360:560  337:550  81:ionosphere 70:"portable" 36:Background 3188:Regional 3143:Regional 3109:WLAC/WTNT 3099:Regional 3055:Regional 3030:Regional 3007:Regional 2984:Regional 2938:Regional 2915:Regional 2892:Regional 2869:Regional 2823:Regional 2800:Regional 2777:Regional 2754:Regional 2731:Regional 2685:Regional 2662:Regional 2639:Regional 2616:Regional 2593:Regional 2570:Regional 2547:Regional 2524:Regional 2501:Regional 2399:WDGY/WHDI 2155:Regional 1750:Regional 1690:, Boston 1551:Regional 1528:Regional 1503:Regional 1480:Regional 1457:CFCF/CHYC 1425:Regional 1402:Regional 1377:Regional 1025:Regional 528:Regional 505:Regional 482:Regional 457:Regional 434:Regional 409:Regional 386:Regional 363:Regional 340:Regional 304:Used for 291:daytimers 23:'s (FRC) 3273:See also 311:(watts) 210:'s (GE) 3164:  1813:Canada 1579:Canada 1453:Canada 1231:Canada 857:Canada 732:Canada 255:Effects 3251:Local 2961:Local 2846:Local 2708:Local 2476:Local 2453:Local 2420:Clear 2376:Clear 2343:Clear 2298:Clear 2266:Clear 2223:Clear 2180:Clear 2122:Clear 2080:Clear 2048:Clear 2011:Clear 1968:Clear 1917:Clear 1884:Clear 1835:Clear 1808:Clear 1775:Clear 1706:Clear 1670:Clear 1638:Clear 1605:Clear 1574:Clear 1448:Clear 1334:Clear 1296:Clear 1253:Clear 1226:Clear 1188:Clear 1156:Clear 1126:Clear 1083:Clear 1050:Clear 982:Clear 944:Clear 912:Clear 879:Clear 852:Clear 820:Clear 787:Clear 755:Clear 727:Clear 689:Clear 657:Clear 624:Clear 591:Clear 553:Clear 332:freq. 301:(kHz) 286:Bolded 32:1928. 3243:var. 3203:1160 3186:Super 3178:1100 3158:1380 3141:Super 3133:1150 3114:1330 3097:Super 3089:1360 3070:1480 3053:Super 330:Prev. 314:Zone 309:Power 299:Freq. 3238:WJAZ 3234:WORD 3232:WHT/ 3223:none 3217:WCKY 3207:none 3198:WFBL 3173:KFJF 3162:none 3153:WKBW 3118:none 3084:KSTP 3074:none 3065:WJSV 2443:WICC 2433:WOAI 2366:KTNT 2356:WCAU 2329:WWVA 2321:none 2311:WOWO 2289:none 2279:WHAM 2252:KVOO 2244:none 2235:WAPI 2213:WMAK 2203:WJJD 2145:KSOO 2135:WRVA 2101:KGDM 2092:WLWL 2071:none 2061:KMOX 2038:WCBD 2034:WMBI 1996:WCAZ 1991:KJBS 1954:WBAL 1945:KWJJ 1940:WJAG 1930:WTIC 1907:KFKB 1874:WKEN 1863:WKAR 1858:KTHS 1848:KRLD 1825:CNRV 1817:CFCF 1798:WRAX 1729:KFVD 1697:none 1688:WBZA 1661:none 1651:KDKA 1628:WCFL 1595:CFRN 1587:CKGW 1583:CFRB 1470:CJAT 1357:none 1283:KWKH 1276:none 1239:CNRT 1235:CFCA 1216:WHDH 1211:WRUF 1179:none 1169:WHAS 1139:WCCO 1112:WBAP 1104:none 1095:WFAA 1012:KFAB 1005:none 935:none 902:KMMJ 869:CKWX 861:CKAC 843:none 810:KMPC 778:none 740:CJCJ 717:WPTF 712:KFEQ 680:none 670:WMAQ 647:WAAW 637:WEAF 614:KPCB 581:WAIU 307:Max. 232:WPEN 228:WRAX 200:WWVA 196:WOWO 193:1160 187:WTIC 183:WBAL 180:1060 176:WHO. 166:1000 147:KWKH 138:WBAP 134:WFAA 125:WBBM 121:KFAB 68:and 19:The 3128:KGA 2424:TBD 2407:KOB 2389:KEX 2380:TBD 2347:TBD 2302:TBD 2270:TBD 2227:TBD 2208:WOV 2193:KSL 2184:TBD 2126:TBD 2109:WPG 2084:TBD 2052:TBD 2024:WBT 2015:TBD 2001:WDZ 1972:TBD 1921:TBD 1897:KNX 1888:TBD 1839:TBD 1779:TBD 1737:WOC 1719:WHO 1710:TBD 1683:WBZ 1674:TBD 1642:TBD 1618:KJR 1609:TBD 1465:CKY 1347:WLS 1338:TBD 1324:KMO 1319:WHB 1300:TBD 1266:WWL 1257:TBD 1201:KOA 1192:TBD 1160:TBD 1130:TBD 1087:TBD 1073:WGY 1063:KGO 1054:TBD 986:TBD 972:KVI 967:WEW 957:WJZ 948:TBD 925:WJR 916:TBD 892:WSB 883:TBD 824:TBD 800:WOR 791:TBD 768:WLW 759:TBD 745:NAA 702:KPO 693:TBD 661:TBD 628:TBD 604:WSM 595:TBD 576:WOI 566:KFI 557:TBD 224:KYW 216:WGY 212:KGO 173:WOC 169:WHO 160:WLS 157:870 151:WWL 144:850 131:820 118:770 3415:: 3385:, 3369:, 3321:, 3305:, 3263:β€” 3260:β€” 3257:β€” 3229:4 3213:2 3194:1 3169:3 3149:1 3124:5 3105:3 3080:4 3061:2 3042:β€” 3039:β€” 3036:β€” 3019:β€” 3016:β€” 3013:β€” 2996:β€” 2993:β€” 2990:β€” 2973:β€” 2970:β€” 2967:β€” 2950:β€” 2947:β€” 2944:β€” 2927:β€” 2924:β€” 2921:β€” 2904:β€” 2901:β€” 2898:β€” 2881:β€” 2878:β€” 2875:β€” 2858:β€” 2855:β€” 2852:β€” 2835:β€” 2832:β€” 2829:β€” 2812:β€” 2809:β€” 2806:β€” 2789:β€” 2786:β€” 2783:β€” 2766:β€” 2763:β€” 2760:β€” 2743:β€” 2740:β€” 2737:β€” 2720:β€” 2717:β€” 2714:β€” 2697:β€” 2694:β€” 2691:β€” 2674:β€” 2671:β€” 2668:β€” 2651:β€” 2648:β€” 2645:β€” 2628:β€” 2625:β€” 2622:β€” 2605:β€” 2602:β€” 2599:β€” 2582:β€” 2579:β€” 2576:β€” 2559:β€” 2556:β€” 2553:β€” 2536:β€” 2533:β€” 2530:β€” 2513:β€” 2510:β€” 2507:β€” 2488:β€” 2485:β€” 2482:β€” 2465:β€” 2462:β€” 2459:β€” 2428:3 2384:5 2351:2 2306:4 2274:1 2231:3 2188:5 2167:β€” 2164:β€” 2161:β€” 2130:2 2088:1 2056:4 2036:/ 2019:3 1976:2 1925:1 1892:5 1843:3 1783:2 1762:β€” 1759:β€” 1756:β€” 1714:4 1678:1 1646:2 1613:5 1563:β€” 1560:β€” 1557:β€” 1540:β€” 1537:β€” 1534:β€” 1515:β€” 1512:β€” 1509:β€” 1492:β€” 1489:β€” 1486:β€” 1437:β€” 1434:β€” 1431:β€” 1414:β€” 1411:β€” 1408:β€” 1389:β€” 1386:β€” 1383:β€” 1342:4 1304:1 1261:3 1196:5 1164:2 1134:4 1091:3 1058:5 1037:β€” 1034:β€” 1031:β€” 990:4 952:1 920:2 887:3 828:4 795:1 763:2 697:5 665:4 632:1 599:3 561:5 540:β€” 537:β€” 534:β€” 517:β€” 514:β€” 511:β€” 494:β€” 491:β€” 488:β€” 469:β€” 466:β€” 463:β€” 446:β€” 443:β€” 440:β€” 421:β€” 418:β€” 415:β€” 398:β€” 395:β€” 392:β€” 375:β€” 372:β€” 369:β€” 352:β€” 349:β€” 346:β€” 234:. 3236:/ 1585:/ 1237:/

Index

Federal Radio Commission
AM radio band
Department of Commerce
Radio Act of 1912
Radio Act of 1927
Federal Radio Commission
General Order 32
"temporary"
"portable"
Davis Amendment
ionosphere

KFAB
WBBM
WFAA
WBAP
KWKH
WWL
WLS
WHO
WOC
WBAL
WTIC
WOWO
WWVA
General Electric
KGO
WGY
KYW
WRAX

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

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