789:
expressions), social and personality (for example, aggression, sexuality), psychological well-being, and motor behaviors. Using results from a review of 46 meta-analyses, she found that 78% of gender differences were small or close to zero. A few exceptions were some motor behaviors (such as throwing distance) and some aspects of sexuality (such as attitudes about casual sex), which show the largest gender differences. She concludes her article by stating: "It is time to consider the costs of overinflated claims of gender differences. Arguably, they cause harm in numerous realms, including women’s opportunities in the workplace, couple conflict and communication, and analyses of self-esteem problems among adolescents." Hyde also stated elsewhere that "variations
927:
about the sex or gender of deities and religious figures; and beliefs about the origin and meaning of human gender. External religious issues can be broadly defined as an examination of a given religion from an outsider's perspective, including possible clashes between religious leaders and laity; and the influence of, and differences between, religious perspectives on social issues. For example, various religious perspectives have either endorsed or condemned alternative family structures, homosexual relationships, and abortion. External religious issues can also be examined from the "lens of gender" perspective embraced by some in
802:
that there is a "middle age – middle sex" effect: sex differences in these two types of abilities observed in younger groups might be entangled with age and hormonal changes. The study concluded that a one-dimensional approach to sex differences (common in meta-analytic studies) therefore overlooks a possible interaction of sex differences with age. This hormones-based "middle age-middle sex effect", and also specifics of the few psychological sex differences (verbal and physical) were analysed in terms of the systemic evolutional tendencies driving sex dimorphism.
874:
566:
body as the basis for clinical studies. Similar findings are also reported in the sport medicine literature where males typically account for >60% of the individuals studied. The findings of these studies have often been applied across the sexes and healthcare providers have assumed a uniform approach in treating both male and female patients. More recently, medical research has started to understand the importance of taking the sex into account as the symptoms and responses to medical treatment may be very different between sexes.
989:. A May 3, 2015 article in the Wall Street Journal by Georgette Jasen reported that "when it comes to investing, men sometimes have their way of doing things, and women have different ways." Scholarly research has documented systematic differences in financial decisions such as buying investments versus insurance, donating to ingroups versus outgroups (such as terrorism victims in Iraq versus the United States), spending in stores, and the endowment effect-or asking price for goods people have.
45:
137:
2944:
954:
capital, women's role in family, and community ensures that they have strong networks. There is potential that the concept can help to bring women's unpaid 'community and household labor', vital to survival and development, to the attention of economists. However, research analyzing social capital from a gendered perspective is rare, and the notable exceptions are very critical.
3027:
163:
2166:"en who are involved in disputes with their partners, whether as alleged victims or as alleged offenders or both, are disadvantaged and treated less favorably than women by the law-enforcement system at almost every step." Brown, G. (2004). Gender as a factor in the response of the law-enforcement system to violence against partners. Sexuality and Culture, 8, (3-4), 3–139.
765:, psychologist Richard Lippa found that there were large differences in women's and men's preferences for realistic occupations (for example, mechanic or carpenters) and moderate differences in their preferences for social and artistic occupations. His results also found that women tend to be more people-oriented and men more thing-oriented.
643:(with rare exceptions), each individual is created with zero or one Y-chromosome. The complementary result for the X-chromosome follows, either a double or a single X. Therefore, direct sex differences are usually binary in expression, although the deviations in more complex biological processes produce a variety of exceptions.
926:
Sex differences in religion can be classified as either "internal" or "external". Internal religious issues are studied from the perspective of a given religion, and might include religious beliefs and practices about the roles and rights of men and women in government, education and worship; beliefs
565:
is more common in men. Gender-based medicine, also called "gender medicine", is the field of medicine that studies the biological and physiological differences between the human sexes and how that affects differences in disease. Traditionally, medical research has mostly been conducted using the male
911:
each year concerning workplace topics. When questioned about preferences of a female boss or a male boss, women chose a preference for a male boss 39% of the time, compared to 26% of men displaying preference for a male boss. Only 27% of women would prefer a boss of the same gender. This preference,
821:
Statistics have been consistent in reporting that men commit more criminal acts than women. Self-reported delinquent acts are also higher for men than women across many different actions. Many professionals have offered explanations for this sex difference. Some differing explanations include men's
797:
genders." However, another paper argued that the gender similarities hypothesis was untestable as currently formulated because it does not provide a metric for the psychological importance of relevant dimensions, nor a rule for counting dimensions; a small number of relevant differences may be more
749:
Because social and environmental factors affect brain activity and behavior, where differences are found, it can be difficult for researchers to assess whether or not the differences are innate. Some studies showing that differences are due to socially assigned roles (nurture), while other studies
745:
and have not been constructed to eliminate sex differences also tend to show that sex differences are either non-existent or negligible. 2008 research found that, for grades 2 to 11, there were no significant gender differences in math skills among the general population. Differences in variability
1221:
Kryst, Łukasz, Magdalena Żegleń, Małgorzata Kowal, Agnieszka
Woronkowicz, Parasmani Dasgupta, Rana Saha, Rituparna Das, and Sukanta Das. "Sexual dimorphism of body proportions and composition among 16–19-year-olds from South Asia (India) and Central Europe (Poland)." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 78,
850:
or sociobiological theories). Taking the nature of the crime itself into consideration may also be a factor. Crime can be measured by such data as arrest records, imprisonment rates, and surveys. However, not all crimes are reported or investigated. Moreover, some studies show that men can have an
801:
In 2011, Irina
Trofimova found a significant female advantage in time on the lexical task and on the temperament scale of social-verbal tempo, and a male advantage on the temperament scale of physical endurance which were more pronounced in young age groups and faded in older groups. She suggested
733:
Chromosomal makeup is important in human psychology. Females normally have two X chromosomes while males typically have an X and a Y chromosome. The X chromosome is more active and encodes more information than the Y chromosome, which has been shown to affect behavior. Genetic researchers theorize
1201:
Kleisner, Karel, Petr Tureček, S. Craig
Roberts, Jan Havlíček, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, Robert Mbe Akoko, Juan David Leongómez, Silviu Apostol, Marco AC Varella, and S. Adil Saribay. "How and why patterns of sexual dimorphism in human faces vary across the world." Scientific reports 11, no. 1
968:
Sex differences in suicide have been shown to be significant; there are highly asymmetric rates of suicide and suicide attempts between males and females. The gap, also called the gender paradox of suicidal behavior, can vary significantly between different countries. Statistics demonstrate that
674:
The most obvious differences between males and females include all the features related to reproductive roles, notably the endocrine (hormonal) systems and their physiological and behavioral effects, including gonadal differentiation, internal and external genital and breast differentiation, and
953:
is often seen as the missing link in development; as social networks facilitate access to resources and protect the commons, while cooperation makes markets work more efficiently. Social capital has been thought of as women's capital as whereas there are gendered barriers to accessing economic
768:
Hartung & Widiger (1998) found that many kinds of mental illnesses and behavioral problems show gender differences in prevalence and incidence. "Of the 80 disorders diagnosed in adulthood for which sex ratios are provided, 35 are said to be more common in men than in women (17 of which are
776:
Differences in male and female jealousy can also be observed. While female jealousy is more likely to be inspired by emotional infidelity, male jealousy is most likely to be brought on by sexual infidelity. A clear majority of approximately 62% to 86% of women reported that they would be more
788:
introduced the gender similarities hypothesis, which suggests that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables. The research focused on cognitive variables (for example, reading comprehension, mathematics), communication (for example, talkativeness, facial
615:
Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans. These can be of several types, including direct and indirect, direct being the direct result of differences prescribed by the Y-chromosome (due to the
1211:
Scott, Isabel M., Andrew P. Clark, Steven C. Josephson, Adam H. Boyette, Innes C. Cuthill, Ruby L. Fried, Mhairi A. Gibson et al. "Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel." Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 40 (2014):
903:
positions leading to a lack of data on how they behave in such positions. The two main lines of research contradict one another, the first being that there are significant sex differences in leadership and the second being that gender does not have an effect on leadership.
845:
may provide a way to investigate such a relationship from a gender differences perspective. An observable difference in crime rates between men and women might be due to social and cultural factors, crimes going unreported, or to biological factors (for example,
658:(i.e., normal) distribution which can be broadly described by the mean (peak distribution) and standard deviation (indicator of size of range). Often only the mean or mean difference between sexes is given. This may or may not preclude overlap in distributions.
691:
showed that the females had greater volume in the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, lateral parietal cortex, and insula, whereas males had greater volume in the ventral temporal and occipital regions.
2414:
2035:
Statistics repeatedly show that many more men than women commit crimes. Indeed, as
Richard Collier notes, 'most crimes would remain unimaginable without the presence of men (Collier, 1998; see also Jefferson,
737:
Most IQ tests are constructed so that there are no overall score differences between females and males. Areas where differences have been found include verbal and mathematical ability. IQ tests that measure
2574:
750:
show that differences are due to inherent differences (natural or innate). Studies on this topic explore the possibility of social influences on how both sexes perform in cognitive and behavioral tests.
670:
Sexual dimorphism for specific traits in humans can also vary between population groups, which may be due to a variety of factors such as environmental influences, genetic variation or hormonal effects.
2434:
Laurie, Nina; Andolina, Robert; and
Radcliffe, Sarah (2005) 'Ethnodevelopment: Social Movements, Creating Experts and Professionalising Indigenous Knowledge in Ecuador' Antipode 37(3): 470–496
899:
Research has been undertaken to examine whether or not there are sex differences in leadership. Leadership positions continue to be dominated by men. Women were rarely seen in senior
985:
Sex differences in financial decision making are relevant and significant. Numerous studies have found that women tend to be financially more risk-averse than men and hold safer
2377:
2738:
2411:
1362:
Neisser U, Boodoo G, Bouchard TJ Jr, Boykin AW, Brody N, Ceci SJ, Halpern DF, Loehlin JC, Perloff R, Sternberg RJ, Urbina S (1996). "Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns".
949:
Sex differences in social capital are differences between men and women in their ability to coordinate actions and achieve their aims through trust, norms and networks.
851:
overwhelming bias against reporting themselves to be the victims of a crime (particularly when victimized by a woman), and some studies have argued that men reporting
2621:
838:
posits that sexual selection has led to increased exposure to testosterone in males, causing greater competitive behavior which could lead to criminality.
2976:
2525:
1241:
Savic I, Garcia-Falgueras A, Swaab DF (2010-01-01). "Sexual differentiation of the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation".
3207:
402:
55:
1760:"Sex differences in human jealousy: A coordinated study of forced-choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects"
1454:
Hyde JS, Lindberg, S. M., Linn, M. C., Ellis, A. B., Williams, C. C. (July 2008). "DIVERSITY: Gender
Similarities Characterize Math Performance".
2852:
Kurt D, Inman JJ, Argo JJ (2011). "The influence of friends on consumer spending: The role of agency-communion orientation and self-monitoring".
1392:
Nisbett RE, Aronson J, Blair C, Dickens W, Flynn J, Halpern DF, Turkheimer E (2012). "Intelligence: New findings and theoretical developments".
553:; and sex-related diseases, which are diseases that are more usual to one sex, or which manifest differently in each sex. For example, certain
1715:
Hartung CM, Widiger, TA (May 1998). "Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV".
1231:
Eveleth, Phyllis B. "Differences between ethnic groups in sex dimorphism of adult height." Annals of human biology 2, no. 1 (1975): 35-39.
2806:
116:
2385:
88:
3126:
2887:
Dommer SL, Swaminathan V (2013). "Explaining the endowment effect through ownership: The role of identity, gender, and self-threat".
465:
314:
2336:
675:
differentiation of muscle mass, height, and hair distribution. There are also differences in the structure of specific areas of the
3164:
2969:
2833:
359:
95:
1540:
Hedges LV, Nowell, Amy (1995). "Sex
Differences in Mental Test Scores, Variability, and Numbers of High-Scoring Individuals".
3159:
354:
3234:
3174:
2089:
Rowe D, Vazsonyi A, Flannery D (1995). "Sex
Differences in Crime: Do Means and Within-Sex Variation Have Similar Causes?".
912:
among both sexes, for male leadership in the workplace has continued unabated for sixty years according to Gallup surveys.
668:, but an individual female could be taller than an individual male. The extents of these differences vary across societies.
429:
369:
243:
102:
3016:
1899:
835:
610:
194:
33:
3255:
3077:
3052:
2962:
2948:
2926:
2350:
Andersen JA, Hansson PH (2011). "At the end of the road? On differences between women and men in leadership behavior".
2063:
2021:
1699:
1672:
1644:
1271:
1154:
Gustafsson A, Lindenfors P (2004). "Human size evolution: no allometric relationship between male and female stature".
1136:
777:
bothered by emotional infidelity and 47% to 60% of men reported that they would be more bothered by sexual infidelity.
258:
233:
17:
84:
3229:
2278:
1303:
944:
706:
Research on biological sex differences in human psychology investigates cognitive and behavioral differences between
424:
74:
3169:
3111:
3072:
2999:
1003:
687:
in humans) has been repeatedly found to be considerably larger in males than in females. A brain study done by the
364:
307:
253:
177:
3136:
3099:
3047:
2176:
Felson RB, Pare P (2005). "The reporting of domestic violence and sexual assault by nonstrangers to the police".
998:
785:
331:
302:
279:
228:
1842:
3089:
2055:
570:
562:
270:
3219:
3146:
3103:
3082:
3067:
1263:
894:
701:
458:
414:
341:
283:
263:
248:
3202:
3116:
3039:
3011:
3004:
868:
505:
397:
292:
219:
189:
182:
2497:
MacLean K (2010-06-25). "Capitalizing on Women's Social
Capital? Women-Targeted Microfinance in Bolivia".
881:
Sometimes and in some places, there are sex differences in educational achievement. This may be caused by
3057:
3035:
1759:
1427:
Colom R, Juan-Espinosa M, Abad F, García Ĺ (2000). "Negligible Sex Differences in General Intelligence".
921:
773:), 31 are said to be more common in women than men, and 14 are said to be equally common in both sexes."
536:
238:
215:
2556:
3260:
3131:
963:
680:
319:
204:
109:
2919:
Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong – and the New Research That's Rewriting the Story
1328:
Tanoyouye E (June 28, 1996). "Heredity Theory Says Intelligence in Males is 'Like Mother, Like Son'".
754:
about differences between men and women have been shown to affect a person's behavior (this is called
3141:
3121:
3062:
1963:
Trofimova I (2015). "Do psychological sex differences reflect evolutionary bi-sexual partitioning?".
852:
587:
558:
336:
297:
63:
2190:
1810:
1691:
1685:
620:), and indirect being characteristics influenced indirectly (e.g., hormonally) by the Y-chromosome.
3197:
816:
746:
of IQ scores have been observed in studies, with more men falling at the extremes of the spectrum.
739:
573:, which are infections that have a significant probability of transmission through sexual contact.
451:
392:
70:
2470:
Molyneux M (2002-12-16). "Gender and the Silences of Social Capital: Lessons from Latin America".
482:
439:
59:
2212:
Felson, R. B. (2008). "The legal consequences of intimate partner violence for men and women".
2185:
1805:
1242:
855:
find disadvantageous biases in law enforcement. Burton et al. (1998) found that low levels of
2226:
Burton V, Cullen F, Evans D, Alarid LF, Dunaway RG (1998). "Gender, Self-Control, and Crime".
2049:
2007:
1847:
1984:
199:
1549:
8:
3224:
2294:
1634:
1584:
986:
873:
419:
1935:
1553:
2869:
2715:
2682:
2663:
2651:
2613:
2597:
2548:
2243:
2149:
2106:
1980:
1740:
1612:
1522:
1497:
Machin, S., Pekkarinen, T. (2008). "Global Sex Differences in Test Score Variability".
1479:
1255:
1117:
1031:
781:
554:
324:
2762:
2323:"Employment: Female share of seats on boards of the largest publicly listed companies"
1775:
1440:
718:, which take a variety of forms. Tests focus on possible differences in areas such as
3214:
2922:
2873:
2720:
2702:
2655:
2605:
2552:
2510:
2274:
2247:
2199:
2141:
2110:
2059:
2017:
1988:
1916:
1879:
1823:
1732:
1695:
1668:
1640:
1604:
1565:
1514:
1471:
1409:
1285:
1277:
1267:
1171:
1109:
1101:
885:
in law or culture, or may reflect natural differences in the interests of the sexes.
831:
755:
655:
621:
516:
409:
2667:
2617:
2270:
2153:
1862:
Zuriff GE (2015). "The gender similarities hypothesis is untestable as formulated".
1616:
1526:
1483:
1344:
1121:
2896:
2861:
2710:
2694:
2647:
2589:
2540:
2506:
2479:
2359:
2266:
2235:
2195:
2133:
2098:
2051:
Understanding Statistics for the Social Sciences, Criminal Justice, and Criminology
2013:
1972:
1943:
1908:
1871:
1815:
1771:
1744:
1724:
1660:
1596:
1557:
1506:
1463:
1436:
1401:
1371:
1259:
1251:
1163:
1093:
908:
842:
524:
512:
2322:
3179:
2422:
2418:
1976:
1912:
1167:
1097:
1079:"Where are all the female participants in Sports and Exercise Medicine research?"
932:
374:
2239:
2102:
1728:
600:
Different levels of prevention, reporting, diagnosis or treatment in each gender
2786:
Bajtelsmit VL, Bernasek A (1996). "Why Do Women Invest Differently Than Men?".
1897:
Trofimova I (2012). "A study of the dynamics of sex differences in adulthood".
1819:
1078:
950:
827:
647:
434:
2544:
2363:
2261:
Pearson J, Riegle-Crumb C (2009). "Gender, Education and". In Ritzer G (ed.).
1636:
Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference
1375:
3249:
2706:
2145:
2137:
1948:
1630:
1281:
1105:
640:
2954:
2483:
2124:
Ellis L (2005). "A Theory Explaining Biological Correlates of Criminality".
1585:"An Evaluation of Evidence for Innate Sex Differences in Linguistic Ability"
1561:
1510:
1467:
1140:
2724:
1992:
1920:
1883:
1827:
1518:
1475:
1413:
1289:
1175:
1113:
856:
847:
823:
500:
refers to an individual's sex as determined by their internal and external
490:
486:
2865:
2659:
2609:
1736:
1608:
1569:
1453:
1192:
ed. Muriel Lederman and Ingrid Bartsch. New York, Routledge, 2001. 306–322
1023:
3151:
676:
594:
346:
2698:
2077:
it is well supported in research that more men than women commit crimes.
1665:
Gender differences in mathematics: an integrative psychological approach
1244:
Sex Differences in the Human Brain, their Underpinnings and Implications
826:
tendency toward risk and violent behavior, sex differences in activity,
734:
that the X chromosome may contain a gene influencing social behaviours.
519:. A subset of such differences is hypothesized to be the product of the
2601:
2337:"Ranked and mapped: Women in public sector leadership around the world"
2308:
1600:
1134:
900:
770:
751:
723:
651:
580:
73:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2005:
1875:
1405:
715:
629:
541:
Sex differences in medicine include sex-specific diseases, which are
520:
501:
495:
2593:
2900:
928:
625:
617:
646:
Indirect sex differences are general differences as quantified by
2807:"Gender Differences in Risk Aversion: A Developing Nation's Case"
877:
A world map showing countries by gender education disparity, 2010
727:
665:
636:
542:
2680:
1796:
Hyde JS (September 2005). "The Gender Similarities Hypothesis".
557:
may occur predominantly in one sex, for unknown reasons. 90% of
2943:
2526:"Social Capital, Microfinance, and the Politics of Development"
974:
882:
684:
2458:
Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training
1250:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 186. pp. 41–62.
711:
661:
2047:
1757:
1426:
1345:"Hey guys, for your next party, try borrowing women's genes"
1135:
Cuozzo, Karen, Bratman, Steven (reviewer) (September 2005).
2309:"Facts & Stats | Institute for Women's Leadership"
1361:
970:
798:
significant than a massive number of trivial similarities.
654:
analysis. Most differing characteristics will conform to a
632:
differences between males and females of the same species.
1936:"Are men evolutionarily wired to love the "Easy" buttons?"
1391:
1240:
2681:
Tsirigotis K, Gruszczynski W, Tsirigotis M (2011-08-01).
2638:
Canetto, Silvia (1998). "The Gender Paradox in Suicide".
1758:
Pietrzak R, Laird J, Stevens D, Thompson N (March 2002).
707:
688:
550:
3026:
1496:
162:
2683:"Gender differentiation in methods of suicide attempts"
2445:
Making Democracy Work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
2225:
1076:
719:
1067:. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association
1021:
2739:"Suicides in the UK - Office for National Statistics"
2088:
1153:
1065:
Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences
2804:
2523:
2260:
2832:
2785:
2006:Eamonn Carrabine, Paul Iganski, Maggy Lee (2004).
1714:
1077:Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM (2014-01-01).
2886:
2352:Leadership & Organization Development Journal
1539:
1264:20.500.11755/c2c649ef-4f57-472e-94fc-2e686c53c57b
485:generally occurs by the presence or absence of a
3247:
2400:The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion
2378:"Women Prefer Male Bosses Even More Than Men Do"
1182:
2830:
2637:
2398:Juschka, Darlene. "Gender." In ed. J. Hinnels.
2349:
1690:(2. ed.). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum. pp.
1044:
714:. This research employs experimental tests of
69:Please review the contents of the article and
2984:
2970:
2851:
1751:
973:die much more often by means of suicide than
841:Despite the difficulty of interpreting them,
459:
32:For sex differences in human physiology, see
2916:
2788:Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning
2402:. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2010:245–258.
2295:"Female Business Leaders: Global Statistics"
2228:Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
2091:Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
597:expected of that sex in a particular society
1137:"Women, Men, and Medicine: We're Not Equal"
576:Sex-related illnesses have various causes:
2977:
2963:
2175:
1355:
481:have been studied in a variety of fields.
466:
452:
2714:
2189:
1999:
1962:
1947:
1933:
1896:
1809:
1653:
1327:
1147:
2562:on 8 October 2011 – via Zunia.org.
2469:
2463:
2009:Criminology: A Sociological Introduction
1342:
980:
872:
569:Neither concept should be confused with
2631:
2496:
2490:
2048:Jeffery T. Walker, Sean Maddan (2013).
1022:Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D.
859:are associated with criminal activity.
489:in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the
14:
3248:
2517:
2437:
2428:
2041:
1861:
1840:
1834:
1387:
1385:
2958:
2834:"Male Investors vs. Female Investors"
2640:Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
2450:
2123:
1683:
1582:
27:Difference between males and females
2572:
2566:
2082:
1795:
1667:, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
1629:
1623:
1589:Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
907:Women and men have been surveyed by
793:genders are greater than variations
730:, and brain structure and function.
38:
2263:Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
1900:International Journal of Psychology
1382:
1308:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
836:evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory
611:Sex differences in human physiology
511:Sex differences generally refer to
34:Sex differences in human physiology
24:
2910:
2652:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1998.tb00622.x
2384:. October 16, 2014. Archived from
2214:Children and Youth Services Review
1304:"Sex differences in brain anatomy"
1256:10.1016/B978-0-444-53630-3.00004-X
1139:. EBSCO Publishing. Archived from
25:
3272:
2936:
1086:European Journal of Sport Science
945:Sex differences in social capital
938:
593:Social causes that relate to the
3025:
2942:
2805:Adhikari BK, O'Leary VE (2011).
2763:"U.S. Suicide Statistics (2005)"
2511:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01649.x
2200:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00156.x
1004:Sexual differentiation in humans
161:
135:
43:
2880:
2845:
2831:Georgette Jasen (May 3, 2015).
2824:
2798:
2779:
2755:
2731:
2674:
2405:
2392:
2370:
2343:
2329:
2315:
2301:
2287:
2271:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosg016
2254:
2219:
2206:
2169:
2160:
2126:European Journal of Criminology
2117:
2056:Jones & Bartlett Publishers
1956:
1927:
1890:
1855:
1789:
1708:
1677:
1576:
1533:
1490:
1447:
1420:
1336:
1321:
1296:
1234:
1225:
1215:
999:Neuroscience of sex differences
786:University of Wisconsin-Madison
679:. For example, on average, the
571:sexually transmitted infections
3160:Age disparity in relationships
2460:London and New York: Routledge
2412:'Unborn Child Protection Bill'
2178:Journal of Marriage and Family
1965:American Journal of Psychology
1205:
1195:
1128:
1070:
1057:
1015:
563:primary sclerosing cholangitis
355:age disparity in relationships
71:add the appropriate references
13:
1:
2854:Journal of Marketing Research
2447:. Princeton University Press.
1776:10.1016/s1090-5138(01)00078-2
1441:10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00035-5
1190:The Gender and Science Reader
1009:
895:Sex differences in leadership
888:
702:Sex differences in psychology
695:
664:are, on average, taller than
604:
506:secondary sex characteristics
2889:Journal of Consumer Research
2524:Katharine N. Rankin (2002).
1985:10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.4.0485
1977:10.5406/amerjpsyc.128.4.0485
1913:10.1080/00207594.2012.756981
1764:Evolution and Human Behavior
1168:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.07.004
1098:10.1080/17461391.2014.911354
869:Sex differences in education
862:
834:. In particular, Lee Ellis'
590:that are specific to one sex
7:
2814:Journal of Personal Finance
2240:10.1177/0022427898035002001
2103:10.1177/0022427895032001004
1729:10.1037/0033-2909.123.3.260
1687:Gender, nature, and nurture
992:
922:Sex differences in religion
915:
805:
763:Gender, Nature, and Nurture
537:Sex differences in medicine
530:
85:"Sex differences in humans"
56:reliable medical references
10:
3277:
1841:Tugend A (December 2014).
1820:10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581
1619:– via Springer Link.
1156:Journal of Human Evolution
964:Sex differences in suicide
961:
957:
942:
919:
892:
866:
814:
699:
608:
534:
31:
3256:Sex differences in humans
3190:
3098:
3034:
3023:
2992:
2986:Sex differences in humans
2573:Udry JR (November 1994).
2545:10.1080/13545700210125167
2364:10.1108/01437731111146550
1864:The American Psychologist
1376:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
853:intimate partner violence
561:cases are women, whereas
559:primary biliary cirrhosis
479:Sex differences in humans
155:Sex differences in humans
62:or relies too heavily on
2138:10.1177/1477370805054098
1949:10.1038/npre.2011.5562.1
817:Sex differences in crime
810:
2839:The Wall Street Journal
2687:Medical Science Monitor
2484:10.1111/1467-7660.00246
2456:Moser, Caroline (1993)
2443:Putnam, Robert. (1993)
1562:10.1126/science.7604277
1511:10.1126/science.1162573
1468:10.1126/science.1160364
769:substance related or a
635:Through the process of
3127:Emotional intelligence
3000:Sexual differentiation
2575:"The Nature of Gender"
2499:Development and Change
2472:Development and Change
2421:, State Parliament of
1717:Psychological Bulletin
1583:Hirst G (March 1982).
878:
315:Emotional intelligence
178:Sexual differentiation
2917:Angela Saini (2018).
2866:10.1509/jmkr.48.4.741
1798:American Psychologist
1394:American Psychologist
1364:American Psychologist
1054:. NY: Academic Press.
981:Financial risk-taking
876:
722:, spatial reasoning,
2951:at Wikimedia Commons
2388:on October 16, 2014.
1934:Trofimova I (2011).
1063:Geary, D. C. (2009)
1050:Mealey, L. (2000).
303:Emotional expression
2699:10.12659/MSM.881887
1554:1995Sci...269...41H
1505:(5906): 1331–1332.
1349:Wall Street Journal
1343:Langreth R (1997).
1330:Wall Street Journal
935:and its offshoots.
761:In his book titled
588:reproductive system
555:autoimmune diseases
205:Scientific measures
149:Part of a series on
2533:Feminist Economics
2417:2016-03-03 at the
2339:. 26 January 2018.
1851:(Winter 2014): 50.
1843:"Engendering Sons"
1659:Ann M. Gallagher,
1601:10.1007/BF01068214
1032:Sinauer Associates
883:sex discrimination
879:
782:Janet Shibley Hyde
624:is a term for the
517:sexually dimorphic
504:and expression of
325:Gender empathy gap
18:Gender differences
3261:Sexual dimorphism
3243:
3242:
3215:Gender inequality
2949:Biology of gender
2947:Media related to
1940:Nature Precedings
1684:Lippa RA (2005).
1462:(5888): 494–495.
1143:on July 10, 2006.
832:gender inequality
756:stereotype threat
622:Sexual dimorphism
583:genetic illnesses
549:in people of one
483:Sex determination
476:
475:
410:Gender inequality
144:
143:
120:
16:(Redirected from
3268:
3058:Mental disorders
3029:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2946:
2932:
2921:. Beacon Press.
2905:
2904:
2895:(5): 1034–1050.
2884:
2878:
2877:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2693:(8): PH65–PH70.
2678:
2672:
2671:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2620:. Archived from
2579:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2555:. Archived from
2530:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2467:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2409:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2223:
2217:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2014:Psychology Press
2003:
1997:
1996:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1876:10.1037/a0039679
1859:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1681:
1675:
1661:James C. Kaufman
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:. W. W. Norton.
1627:
1621:
1620:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1406:10.1037/a0026699
1389:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1030:(2nd ed.).
1019:
843:crime statistics
669:
525:sexual selection
468:
461:
454:
440:equality paradox
435:Sociolinguistics
239:Mental disorders
165:
146:
145:
139:
138:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3186:
3094:
3078:Substance abuse
3053:Life expectancy
3030:
3021:
2988:
2983:
2939:
2929:
2913:
2911:Further reading
2908:
2885:
2881:
2850:
2846:
2829:
2825:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2679:
2675:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2594:10.2307/2061790
2577:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2495:
2491:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2423:New South Wales
2419:Wayback Machine
2410:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2259:
2255:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2191:10.1.1.160.1175
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2122:
2118:
2087:
2083:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2046:
2042:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2004:
2000:
1961:
1957:
1932:
1928:
1895:
1891:
1860:
1856:
1839:
1835:
1811:10.1.1.374.1723
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1756:
1752:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1682:
1678:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1628:
1624:
1581:
1577:
1548:(5220): 41–45.
1538:
1534:
1495:
1491:
1452:
1448:
1425:
1421:
1390:
1383:
1360:
1356:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1274:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1152:
1148:
1133:
1129:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1052:Sex differences
1049:
1045:
1036:
1034:
1020:
1016:
1012:
995:
983:
966:
960:
947:
941:
933:critical theory
924:
918:
897:
891:
871:
865:
819:
813:
808:
704:
698:
659:
613:
607:
539:
533:
472:
259:substance abuse
234:Life expectancy
140:
136:
131:
125:
122:
79:
68:
64:primary sources
48:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3274:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3235:Social support
3232:
3230:Social capital
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2938:
2937:External links
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:978-0807010037
2927:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:10.1086/666737
2879:
2860:(4): 741–754.
2844:
2823:
2797:
2778:
2754:
2743:www.ons.gov.uk
2730:
2673:
2630:
2627:on 2013-04-03.
2588:(4): 561–573.
2565:
2516:
2505:(3): 495–515.
2489:
2478:(2): 167–188.
2462:
2449:
2436:
2427:
2404:
2391:
2369:
2358:(5): 428–441.
2342:
2328:
2314:
2300:
2286:
2279:
2253:
2234:(2): 123–147.
2218:
2216:, 30, 639–646.
2205:
2184:(3): 597–610.
2168:
2159:
2132:(3): 287–315.
2116:
2081:
2065:978-1449634032
2064:
2058:. p. 99.
2040:
2023:978-0415281676
2022:
2016:. p. 88.
1998:
1971:(4): 485–514.
1955:
1926:
1907:(6): 1–7, 47.
1889:
1870:(7): 663–664.
1854:
1833:
1804:(6): 581–592.
1788:
1750:
1723:(3): 260–278.
1707:
1701:978-0805853445
1700:
1676:
1673:978-0521826051
1652:
1646:978-0393068382
1645:
1622:
1575:
1532:
1489:
1446:
1419:
1400:(2): 130–159.
1381:
1354:
1335:
1320:
1295:
1273:978-0444536303
1272:
1233:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1188:Birke, Lydia.
1181:
1162:(4): 253–266.
1146:
1127:
1092:(8): 847–851.
1069:
1056:
1043:
1024:"What is Sex?"
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1001:
994:
991:
982:
979:
962:Main article:
959:
956:
951:Social capital
943:Main article:
940:
939:Social capital
937:
920:Main article:
917:
914:
893:Main article:
890:
887:
867:Main article:
864:
861:
828:social support
815:Main article:
812:
809:
807:
804:
700:Main article:
697:
694:
648:empirical data
609:Main article:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
591:
584:
535:Main article:
532:
529:
474:
473:
471:
470:
463:
456:
448:
445:
444:
443:
442:
437:
432:
430:Social support
427:
425:Social capital
422:
417:
412:
407:
406:
405:
395:
387:
386:
382:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
328:
327:
317:
312:
311:
310:
300:
295:
287:
286:
276:
275:
274:
273:
268:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
236:
231:
223:
222:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
207:
197:
192:
187:
186:
185:
172:
171:
167:
166:
158:
157:
151:
150:
142:
141:
134:
132:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3273:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Schizophrenia
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2820:(2): 122–147.
2819:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2282:
2280:9781405124331
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:(2): 95–113.
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1370:(2): 77–101.
1369:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1228:
1222:no. 3 (2021).
1218:
1208:
1202:(2021): 5978.
1198:
1191:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
990:
988:
978:
976:
972:
965:
955:
952:
946:
936:
934:
930:
923:
913:
910:
905:
902:
896:
886:
884:
875:
870:
860:
858:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
803:
799:
796:
792:
787:
783:
778:
774:
772:
766:
764:
759:
757:
753:
747:
744:
743:
735:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
672:
667:
663:
660:For example,
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
641:fertilization
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
612:
599:
596:
592:
589:
586:Parts of the
585:
582:
579:
578:
577:
574:
572:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
538:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
450:
449:
447:
446:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
404:
401:
400:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
388:
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:
316:
313:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:
285:
281:
278:
277:
272:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
254:schizophrenia
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
224:
221:
217:
214:
213:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
169:
168:
164:
160:
159:
156:
153:
152:
148:
147:
133:
129:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
76:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
52:This article
50:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
3137:Intelligence
3100:Neuroscience
3048:Autoimmunity
2985:
2918:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2838:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2800:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2770:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2733:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2622:the original
2585:
2581:
2568:
2557:the original
2536:
2532:
2519:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2430:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:the original
2381:
2372:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2331:
2317:
2303:
2289:
2262:
2256:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2076:
2069:. Retrieved
2050:
2043:
2034:
2027:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1939:
1929:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1846:
1836:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1770:(2): 83–94.
1767:
1763:
1753:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1686:
1679:
1664:
1655:
1635:
1625:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1432:
1429:Intelligence
1428:
1422:
1397:
1393:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1310:. 2020-07-27
1307:
1298:
1243:
1236:
1227:
1217:
1212:14388-14393.
1207:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1141:the original
1130:
1089:
1085:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1035:. Retrieved
1028:Neuroscience
1027:
1017:
984:
967:
948:
925:
906:
898:
880:
857:self control
848:testosterone
840:
824:evolutionary
820:
800:
794:
790:
779:
775:
767:
762:
760:
748:
741:
736:
732:
705:
673:
645:
634:
614:
575:
568:
546:
540:
521:evolutionary
510:
494:
491:human genome
487:Y chromosome
478:
477:
332:Intelligence
280:Neuroscience
229:Autoimmunity
154:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
60:verification
53:
29:
3208:in the U.S.
3152:Neurosexism
3090:Stroke care
3012:In research
2767:Suicide.org
2646:(1): 1–23.
2539:(1): 1–24.
752:Stereotypes
652:statistical
595:gender role
545:that occur
523:process of
403:in the U.S.
347:Neurosexism
271:Stroke care
190:In research
54:needs more
3250:Categories
3220:Leadership
3165:Attraction
3156:Sexuality
3147:Narcissism
3112:Aggression
3104:Psychology
3068:Depression
3017:Physiology
2772:2019-09-10
2748:2021-08-05
2582:Demography
2097:: 84–100.
1848:California
1314:2023-03-27
1037:2019-05-09
1010:References
987:portfolios
901:leadership
889:Leadership
771:paraphilia
724:aggression
696:Psychology
656:bell-curve
630:phenotypic
605:Physiology
581:Sex-linked
496:Phenotypic
415:Leadership
360:attraction
351:Sexuality
342:Narcissism
308:Aggression
284:psychology
249:depression
200:Dimorphism
195:Physiology
96:newspapers
3203:Education
3191:Sociology
3117:Cognition
3005:Disorders
2874:143542642
2707:1234-1010
2553:153660513
2382:Bloomberg
2248:145328304
2186:CiteSeerX
2146:1477-3708
2111:145215732
2071:August 7,
2029:August 7,
1806:CiteSeerX
1435:: 57–68.
1282:1875-7855
1106:1536-7290
863:Education
784:from the
780:In 2005,
716:cognition
626:genotypic
515:that are
502:genitalia
398:Education
385:Sociology
293:Cognition
183:disorders
126:June 2014
3225:Religion
3180:Jealousy
3036:Medicine
2725:21804473
2668:12699944
2618:38476067
2415:Archived
2154:53587552
1993:26721176
1921:23442018
1884:26436318
1828:16173891
1781:21 March
1633:(2010).
1617:15913796
1527:38847707
1519:19039123
1484:28135226
1476:18653867
1414:22233090
1290:21094885
1176:15454336
1122:22394634
1114:24766579
993:See also
929:feminism
916:Religion
806:Behavior
618:SRY gene
543:diseases
531:Medicine
420:Religion
375:jealousy
216:Medicine
3175:Fantasy
3132:Empathy
3083:Suicide
2993:Biology
2794:: 1–10.
2716:3539603
2660:9560163
2610:7890091
2602:2061790
2425:, 2006.
1745:3963101
1737:9602559
1609:7143277
1570:7604277
1550:Bibcode
1542:Science
1499:Science
1456:Science
975:females
958:Suicide
795:between
728:emotion
666:females
637:meiosis
370:fantasy
320:Empathy
264:suicide
170:Biology
110:scholar
75:removed
3170:Desire
3142:Memory
3122:Coping
3063:Autism
3040:Health
2925:
2872:
2723:
2713:
2705:
2666:
2658:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2551:
2277:
2246:
2188:
2152:
2144:
2109:
2062:
2036:2002).
2020:
1991:
1983:
1919:
1882:
1826:
1808:
1743:
1735:
1698:
1671:
1643:
1631:Fine C
1615:
1607:
1568:
1525:
1517:
1482:
1474:
1412:
1288:
1280:
1270:
1174:
1120:
1112:
1104:
909:Gallup
830:, and
791:within
740:fluid
513:traits
365:desire
337:Memory
298:Coping
244:autism
220:health
112:
105:
98:
91:
83:
3198:Crime
2870:S2CID
2810:(PDF)
2664:S2CID
2625:(PDF)
2614:S2CID
2598:JSTOR
2578:(PDF)
2560:(PDF)
2549:S2CID
2529:(PDF)
2244:S2CID
2150:S2CID
2107:S2CID
1981:JSTOR
1741:S2CID
1692:12–44
1613:S2CID
1523:S2CID
1480:S2CID
1332:: B1.
1248:(PDF)
1118:S2CID
1082:(PDF)
971:males
811:Crime
712:women
685:INAH3
677:brain
662:males
393:Crime
117:JSTOR
103:books
3102:and
3038:and
2923:ISBN
2721:PMID
2703:ISSN
2656:PMID
2606:PMID
2275:ISBN
2142:ISSN
2073:2016
2060:ISBN
2031:2016
2018:ISBN
1989:PMID
1917:PMID
1880:PMID
1824:PMID
1783:2013
1733:PMID
1696:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1605:PMID
1566:PMID
1515:PMID
1472:PMID
1410:PMID
1286:PMID
1278:ISSN
1268:ISBN
1172:PMID
1110:PMID
1102:ISSN
977:do.
710:and
650:and
639:and
628:and
547:only
282:and
218:and
89:news
58:for
2897:doi
2862:doi
2711:PMC
2695:doi
2648:doi
2590:doi
2541:doi
2507:doi
2480:doi
2360:doi
2267:doi
2236:doi
2196:doi
2134:doi
2099:doi
1973:doi
1969:128
1944:doi
1909:doi
1872:doi
1816:doi
1772:doi
1725:doi
1721:123
1597:doi
1558:doi
1546:269
1507:doi
1503:322
1464:doi
1460:321
1437:doi
1402:doi
1372:doi
1260:hdl
1252:doi
1164:doi
1094:doi
931:or
758:).
708:men
689:NIH
681:SDN
551:sex
498:sex
3252::
2893:39
2891:.
2868:.
2858:48
2856:.
2837:.
2818:10
2816:.
2812:.
2790:.
2765:.
2741:.
2719:.
2709:.
2701:.
2691:17
2689:.
2685:.
2662:.
2654:.
2644:28
2642:.
2612:.
2604:.
2596:.
2586:31
2584:.
2580:.
2547:.
2535:.
2531:.
2503:41
2501:.
2476:33
2474:.
2380:.
2356:32
2354:.
2273:.
2265:.
2242:.
2232:35
2230:.
2194:.
2182:67
2180:.
2148:.
2140:.
2128:.
2105:.
2095:32
2093:.
2075:.
2054:.
2033:.
2012:.
1987:.
1979:.
1967:.
1942:.
1938:.
1915:.
1905:47
1903:.
1878:.
1868:70
1866:.
1845:.
1822:.
1814:.
1802:60
1800:.
1768:23
1766:.
1762:.
1739:.
1731:.
1719:.
1694:.
1663:,
1611:.
1603:.
1593:11
1591:.
1587:.
1564:.
1556:.
1544:.
1521:.
1513:.
1501:.
1478:.
1470:.
1458:.
1433:28
1431:.
1408:.
1398:67
1396:.
1384:^
1368:51
1366:.
1347:.
1306:.
1284:.
1276:.
1266:.
1258:.
1170:.
1160:47
1158:.
1116:.
1108:.
1100:.
1090:14
1088:.
1084:.
1026:.
726:,
720:IQ
527:.
508:.
493:.
77:.
2978:e
2971:t
2964:v
2931:.
2903:.
2899::
2876:.
2864::
2841:.
2792:7
2775:.
2751:.
2727:.
2697::
2670:.
2650::
2592::
2543::
2537:8
2513:.
2509::
2486:.
2482::
2366:.
2362::
2325:.
2311:.
2297:.
2283:.
2269::
2250:.
2238::
2202:.
2198::
2156:.
2136::
2130:2
2113:.
2101::
1995:.
1975::
1952:.
1946::
1923:.
1911::
1886:.
1874::
1830:.
1818::
1785:.
1774::
1747:.
1727::
1704:.
1649:.
1599::
1572:.
1560::
1552::
1529:.
1509::
1486:.
1466::
1443:.
1439::
1416:.
1404::
1378:.
1374::
1351:.
1317:.
1292:.
1262::
1254::
1178:.
1166::
1124:.
1096::
1040:.
742:g
683:(
467:e
460:t
453:v
128:)
124:(
114:·
107:·
100:·
93:·
67:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
