Automated teller machine

771: 1398: 1332: 93: 592: 1153: 3526: 1895: 1161: 81: 2265: 2253: 2165: 379:(patent GB1197183 filed on 2 May 1966 with Anthony Davies). The essence of this system was that it enabled the verification of the customer with the debited account without human intervention. This patent is also the earliest instance of a complete "currency dispenser system" in the patent record. This patent was filed on 5 March 1968 in the US (US 3543904) and granted on 1 December 1970. It had a profound influence on the industry as a whole. Not only did future entrants into the cash dispenser market such as 2437: 10439: 1176: 747: 1074: 2348:, involves the installation of a magnetic card reader over the real ATM's card slot and the use of a wireless surveillance camera or a modified digital camera or a false PIN keypad to observe the user's PIN. Card data is then cloned into a duplicate card and the criminal attempts a standard cash withdrawal. The availability of low-cost commodity wireless cameras, keypads, card readers, and card writers has made it a relatively simple form of fraud, with comparatively low risk to the fraudsters. 2050: 1718: 1923: 3538: 2409:

cards along with video footage of the PINs being entered. After getting all the information from the videotapes, he was able to produce clone cards which not only allowed him to withdraw the full daily limit for each account, but also allowed him to sidestep withdrawal limits by using multiple copied cards. In court, it was shown that he could withdraw as much as £10,000 per hour by using this method. Stone was sentenced to five years and six months in prison.

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guard on the premises. Bank lobbies that are not guarded 24 hours a day may also have secure doors that can only be opened from outside by swiping the bank card against a wall-mounted scanner, allowing the bank to identify which card enters the building. Most ATMs will also display on-screen safety warnings and may also be fitted with convex mirrors above the display allowing the user to see what is happening behind them.

3514: 356:. The patent for this device (GB1329964) was filed in September 1969 (and granted in 1973) by John David Edwards, Leonard Perkins, John Henry Donald, Peter Lee Chappell, Sean Benjamin Newcombe, and Malcom David Roe. Both the DACS and MD2 accepted only a single-use token or voucher which was retained by the machine, while the Speytec worked with a card with a magnetic stripe at the back. They used principles including 1786: 10429: 7835: 3298: 977: 489: 311: 1762: 687:. This process replaced manual entry and avoided possible key stroke errors. It allowed users to replace traditional customer verification methods such as signature verification and test questions with a secure PIN system. The success of the "Atalla Box" led to the wide adoption of hardware security modules in ATMs. Its PIN verification process was similar to the later 2393:) and other parts of Europe, but when it is not available in a specific area, ATMs must fall back to using the easy–to–copy magnetic stripe to perform transactions. This fallback behaviour can be exploited. However, the fallback option has been removed on the ATMs of some UK banks, meaning if the chip is not read, the transaction will be declined. 1737:, where criminals have attached fake keypads or card readers to existing machines. These have then been used to record customers' PINs and bank card information in order to gain unauthorised access to their accounts. Various ATM manufacturers have put in place countermeasures to protect the equipment they manufacture from these threats. 4114: 1105:(POTS) lines because they require less time to establish a connection. Less-trafficked machines will usually rely on a dial-up modem on a POTS line rather than using a leased line, since a leased line may be comparatively more expensive to operate compared to a POTS line. That dilemma may be solved as high-speed Internet 1777:

or was exposed in a non-secure fashion, or they are unable to determine the state of the money after a failed transaction. Customers often commented that it is difficult to recover money lost in this way, but this is often complicated by the policies regarding suspicious activities typical of the criminal element.

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ATMs and the supporting electronic financial networks are generally very reliable, with industry benchmarks typically producing 98.25% customer availability for ATMs and up to 99.999% availability for host systems that manage the networks of ATMs. If ATM networks do go out of service, customers could

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Journaling systems; many are electronic (a sealed flash memory device based on in-house standards) or a solid-state device (an actual printer) which accrues all records of activity including access timestamps, number of notes dispensed, etc. This is considered sensitive data and is secured in similar

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invented an automated deposit machine (accepting coins, cash and cheques) although it did not have cash dispensing features. His US patent was first filed on 30 June 1960 and granted on 26 February 1963. The roll-out of this machine, called Bankograph, was delayed by a couple of years, due in part to

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Rules are usually set by the government or ATM operating body that dictate what happens when integrity systems fail. Depending on the jurisdiction, a bank may or may not be liable when an attempt is made to dispense a customer's money from an ATM and the money either gets outside of the ATM's vault,

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ATMs may be on- and off-premises. On-premises ATMs are typically more advanced, multi-function machines that complement a bank branch's capabilities, and are thus more expensive. Off-premises machines are deployed by financial institutions where there is a simple need for cash, so they are generally

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is a type of ATM that provides audible instructions so that people who cannot read a screen can independently use the machine, therefore effectively eliminating the need for assistance from an external, potentially malevolent source. All audible information is delivered privately through a standard

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In China and elsewhere, many efforts to promote security have been made. On-premises ATMs are often located inside the bank's lobby, which may be accessible 24 hours a day. These lobbies have extensive security camera coverage, a courtesy telephone for consulting with the bank staff, and a security

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The number of tellers in the United States increased from approximately 300,000 in 1970 to approximately 600,000 in 2010. A contributing factor may have been the introduction of automated teller machines. ATMs allow a branch to operate with fewer tellers, making it more economical for banks to open

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New ADA voice and text-to-speech guidelines imposed in 2010, but required by March 2012 have forced many ATM owners to either upgrade non-compliant machines or dispose them if they are not upgradable, and purchase new compliant equipment. This has created an avenue for hackers and thieves to obtain

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To aid in reliability, some ATMs print each transaction to a roll-paper journal that is stored inside the ATM, which allows its users and the related financial institutions to settle things based on the records in the journal in case there is a dispute. In some cases, transactions are posted to an

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computer systems that allow it to perform transactions. Banking customers also have come to expect high reliability in their ATMs, which provides incentives to ATM providers to minimise machine and network failures. Financial consequences of incorrect machine operation also provide high degrees of

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is used to describe one method criminals utilize to steal money from an ATM. The thieves gain physical access through a small hole drilled in the machine. They disconnect the existing hard drive and connect an external drive using an industrial endoscope. They then depress an internal button that

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in the late 2010s, ATM numbers and usage started to decline. This happened first in developed countries at a time when ATM number were still increasing in Asia and Africa. As of 2021, there had been a global decline in the number of ATMs in use, with the average dropping to 39 per 100,000 adults

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To simplify the analysis of ATM usage around the world, financial institutions generally divide the world into seven regions, based on the penetration rates, usage statistics, and features deployed. Four regions (USA, Canada, Europe, and Japan) have high numbers of ATMs per million people. Despite

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In 1996, Andrew Stone, a computer security consultant from Hampshire in the UK, was convicted of stealing more than £1 million by pointing high-definition video cameras at ATMs from a considerable distance and recording the card numbers, expiry dates, etc. from the embossed detail on the ATM

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ATM behaviour can change during what is called "stand-in" time, where the bank's cash dispensing network is unable to access databases that contain account information (possibly for database maintenance). In order to give customers access to cash, customers may be allowed to withdraw cash up to a

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Videoconferencing teller machines are currently referred to as Interactive Teller Machines. Benton Smith writes in the Idaho Business Review, "The software that allows interactive teller machines to function was created by a Salt Lake City-based company called uGenius, a producer of video banking

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In order to allow a more diverse range of devices to attach to their networks, some interbank networks have passed rules expanding the definition of an ATM to be a terminal that either has the vault within its footprint or utilises the vault or cash drawer within the merchant establishment, which

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withdrawals and balance checking, as well as transferring credit to and from mobile phones. ATMs can also be used to withdraw cash in a foreign country. If the currency being withdrawn from the ATM is different from that in which the bank account is denominated, the money will be converted at the

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can be detected by the implementation of magnetic card reader heads and firmware that can read a signature embedded in all magnetic stripes during the card production process. This signature, known as a "MagnePrint" or "BluPrint", can be used in conjunction with common two-factor authentication

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With the onset of Windows operating systems and XFS on ATMs, the software applications have the ability to become more intelligent. This has created a new breed of ATM applications commonly referred to as programmable applications. These types of applications allows for an entirely new host of

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of older generations of hardware on newer platforms with incremental extensions made over time to address new capabilities, although companies like NCR continuously improve these protocols issuing newer versions (e.g. NCR's AANDC v3.x.y, where x.y are subversions). Most major ATM manufacturers

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recognised Docutel and Wetzel as the inventors of the networked ATM. To show confidence in Docutel, Chemical installed the first four production machines in a marketing test that proved they worked reliably, customers would use them and even pay a fee for usage. Based on this, banks around the

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reported an incident in Virginia Beach in September 2006 where a hacker, who had probably obtained a factory-default administrator password for a filling station's white-label ATM, caused the unit to assume it was loaded with US$ 5 bills instead of $ 20s, enabling himself—and many subsequent

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In India, whenever a transaction fails with an ATM due to network or technical issues and if the amount does not get dispensed in spite of the account being debited then the banks are supposed to return the debited amount to the customer within seven working days from the day of receipt of a

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deployed a DACS in 1968 under the 'Scotcash' brand. Customers were given personal code numbers to activate the machines, similar to the modern PIN. They were also supplied with £10 vouchers. These were fed into the machine, and the corresponding amount debited from the customer's account.

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Openings on the customer side of ATMs are often covered by mechanical shutters to prevent tampering with the mechanisms when they are not in use. Alarm sensors are placed inside ATMs and their servicing areas to alert their operators when doors have been opened by unauthorised personnel.

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Consultants of ATM operators assert that the issue of customer security should have more focus by the banking industry; it has been suggested that efforts are now more concentrated on the preventive measure of deterrent legislation than on the problem of ongoing forced withdrawals.

581: 3405:(TAU) is distinct in that it is designed to be operated solely by trained personnel and not by the general public, does integrate directly into interbank networks, and usually is controlled by a computer that is not directly integrated into the overall construction of the unit. 523:. The first ATMs were designed to dispense a fixed amount of cash when a user inserted a specially coded card. A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again." Chemical's ATM, initially known as a Docuteller was designed by 2045:

Increasingly, banks are seeking to use the ATM as a sales device to deliver pre approved loans and targeted advertising using products such as ITM (the Intelligent Teller Machine) from Aptra Relate from NCR. ATMs can also act as an advertising channel for other companies.*

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ATM vaults are supplied by manufacturers in several grades. Factors influencing vault grade selection include cost, weight, regulatory requirements, ATM type, operator risk avoidance practices and internal volume requirements. Industry standard vault configurations include

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and his company Docutel. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines. Additionally, executives were concerned that customers would resist having machines handling their money. In 1995, the

1004:, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their accounts or in the countries where their accounts are held (enabling cash withdrawals in local currency). Some examples of interbank networks include 1860:

As of 2013, the only claim available about the extent of ATM-connected homicides is that they range from 500 to 1,000 per year in the US, covering only cases where the victim had an ATM card and the card was used by the killer after the known time of death.

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The first switching system to enable shared automated teller machines between banks went into production operation on 3 February 1979, in Denver, Colorado, in an effort by Colorado National Bank of Denver and Kranzley and Company of Cherry Hill, New Jersey.

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certain amount that may be less than their usual daily withdrawal limit, but may still exceed the amount of available money in their accounts, which could result in fraud if the customers intentionally withdraw more money than they had in their accounts.

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gangs expert in the attacks moved elsewhere. Such theft has also occurred in Belgium, France, Denmark, Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom. When anti-gas explosion prevention devices and reinforced ATMs were installed, criminals began using

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and fill the vault with a combustible gas or to place an explosive inside, attached, or near the machine. This gas or explosive is ignited and the vault is opened or distorted by the force of the resulting explosion and the criminals can break in.

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This type of fraud has spread globally. Although somewhat replaced in terms of volume by skimming incidents, a re-emergence of card trapping has been noticed in regions such as Europe, where EMV chip and PIN cards have increased in circulation.

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to refer to ATMs of all UK banks. All were online and issued a variable amount which was immediately deducted from the account. A small number of 2984s were supplied to a U.S. bank. A couple of well known historical models of ATMs include the

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A common method is to simply rob the staff filling the machine with money. To avoid this, the schedule for filling them is kept secret, varying and random. The money is often kept in cassettes, which will dye the money if incorrectly opened.

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By 1974, Docutel had acquired 70 percent of the U.S. market; but as a result of the early 1970s worldwide recession and its reliance on a single product line, Docutel lost its independence and was forced to merge with the U.S. subsidiary of

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technologies. Cheaper mass-produced equipment has been developed and is being installed in machines globally that detect the presence of foreign objects on the front of ATMs, current tests have shown 99% detection success for all types of

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In 1962 Adrian Ashfield invented the idea of a card system to securely identify a user and control and monitor the dispensing of goods or services. This was granted UK Patent 959,713 in June 1964 and assigned to Kins Developments Limited.

578: 1846:, but none has succeeded yet. In January 2009, Senate Bill 1355 was proposed in the Illinois Senate that revisits the issue of the reverse emergency PIN system. The bill is again supported by the police and opposed by the banking lobby. 3393:

may have many components in common with an ATM, but it lacks the ability to dispense physical cash and consequently requires no vault. Instead, the customer requests a withdrawal transaction from the machine, which prints a receipt or

1622:. Since the late 1990s, criminal groups operating in Japan improved ram-raiding by stealing and using a truck loaded with heavy construction machinery to effectively demolish or uproot an entire ATM and any housing to steal its cash. 416: 1417:

With the migration to commodity Personal Computer hardware, standard commercial "off-the-shelf" operating systems and programming environments can be used inside of ATMs. Typical platforms previously used in ATM development include

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bills (1 to 5 max). Each user had to introduce a security personal key using a combination of the ten numeric buttons. In March of the same year an ad with the instructions to use the Bancomat was published in the same newspaper.

555:; the application had been filed in October 1971. However, the U.S. patent record cites at least three previous applications from Docutel, all relevant to the development of the ATM and where Wetzel does not figure, namely 1323:

Business owners often lease ATMs from service providers. However, based on the economies of scale, the price of equipment has dropped to the point where many business owners are simply paying for ATMs using a credit card.

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For a low-tech form of fraud, the easiest is to simply steal a customer's card along with its PIN. A later variant of this approach is to trap the card inside of the ATM's card reader with a device often referred to as a

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Early ATM security focused on making the terminals invulnerable to physical attack; they were effectively safes with dispenser mechanisms. A number of attacks resulted, with thieves attempting to steal entire machines by

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The concept and various methods of copying the contents of an ATM card's magnetic stripe onto a duplicate card to access other people's financial information were well known in the hacking communities by late 1990.

2330:. When the customer gets frustrated by not getting the card back and walks away from the machine, the criminal is able to remove the card and withdraw cash from the customer's account, using the card and its PIN. 2222:

banknotes from an ATM. While bank personnel are generally trained better at spotting and removing counterfeit cash, the resulting ATM money supplies used by banks provide no guarantee for proper banknotes, as the

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system (called Chubb MD2) by a month. The online version of the Swedish machine is listed to have been operational on 6 May 1968, while claiming to be the first online ATM in the world, ahead of similar claims by

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has confirmed that there are regularly incidents of false banknotes having been dispensed through ATMs. Some ATMs may be stocked and wholly owned by outside companies, which can further complicate this problem.

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There is a computer industry security view that general public desktop operating systems have greater risks as operating systems for cash dispensing machines than other types of operating systems like (secure)

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A Japanese device called the "Computer Loan Machine" supplied cash as a three-month loan at 5% p.a. after inserting a credit card. The device was operational in 1966. However, little is known about the device.

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more branches, necessitating more tellers to staff those additional branches. Further automation and online banking, however, may reverse this increase resulting in a trend toward fewer bank teller positions.

6503: 3821: 1594:, as it relates to ATMs, has several dimensions. ATMs also provide a practical demonstration of a number of security systems and concepts operating together and how various security concerns are addressed. 418: 6743: 2172:

This said, not all errors are to the detriment of customers; there have been cases of machines giving out money without debiting the account, or giving out higher value notes as a result of incorrect

679:, one for the customer and one for the teller. It allowed the customer to type in a secret code, which is transformed by the device, using a microprocessor, into another code for the teller. During a 3924: 2278:

As with any device containing objects of value, ATMs and the systems they depend on to function are the targets of fraud. Fraud against ATMs and people's attempts to use them takes several forms.

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With the move to a more standardised software base, financial institutions have been increasingly interested in the ability to pick and choose the application programs that drive their equipment.

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in 1969. This was the first ATM installed in Australia. The machine only dispensed $ 25 at a time and the bank card itself would be mailed to the user after the bank had processed the withdrawal.

5552: 1530:" mantra, often different ATM hardware vendors have different interpretations of the XFS standard. The result of these differences in interpretation means that ATM applications typically use a 5947: 1140:

In addition to methods employed for transaction security and secrecy, all communications traffic between the ATM and the Transaction Processor may also be encrypted using methods such as

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technology can be used by ATM providers to help ensure the authenticity of the cash before it is stocked in the machine; those with cash recycling capabilities include this capability.

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and have adopted the hardware architecture of a personal computer, such as USB connections for peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications, and use personal computer operating systems.

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To protect against hackers, ATMs have a built-in firewall. Once the firewall has detected malicious attempts to break into the machine remotely, the firewall locks down the machine.

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Several attacks in the UK (at least one of which was successful) have involved digging a concealed tunnel under the ATM and cutting through the reinforced base to remove the money.

128:, such as cash withdrawals, deposits, funds transfers, balance inquiries or account information inquiries, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff. 7870: 6063: 7377: 7258: 6682: 4083: 306:"It struck me there must be a way I could get my own money, anywhere in the world or the UK. I hit upon the idea of a chocolate bar dispenser, but replacing chocolate with cash." 8203: 4796: 1853:

switch be installed at all outdoor ATMs within their jurisdiction. In the wake of a homicide in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, the city council passed an ATM security bill as well.

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Modern ATM physical security, per other modern money-handling security, concentrates on denying the use of the money inside the machine to a thief, by using different types of

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Hota, Jyotiranjan, Saboohi Nasim, and Sasmita Mishra. "Drivers and Barriers to Adoption of Multivendor ATM Technology in India: Synthesis of Three Empirical Studies."

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being loaded in the money cassettes. The result of receiving too much money may be influenced by the card holder agreement in place between the customer and the bank.

218:, as of 2015, there were close to 3.5 million ATMs installed worldwide. However, the use of ATMs is gradually declining with the increase in cashless payment systems. 6339: 3965: 1830:

At least as far back as 30 July 1986, consultants of the industry have advised for the adoption of an emergency PIN system for ATMs, where the user is able to send a

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use a built-in external speaker which may be invoked by pressing the talk button on the keypad. Information is delivered to the customer either through pre-recorded

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The IBM 2984 was a modern ATM and came into use at Lloyds Bank, High Street, Brentwood, Essex, the UK in December 1972. The IBM 2984 was designed at the request of

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ATM manufacturers recommend that a vault be attached to the floor to prevent theft, though there is a record of a theft conducted by tunnelling into an ATM floor.

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Cheque/cash Acceptance, where the machine accepts and recognises cheques and/or currency without using envelopes Expected to grow in importance in the US through

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ATM bombings began in the Netherlands, but as the nation reduced the number of machines in the country from 20000 to 5000 and discouraged cash use, the mostly

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Simjian's Reflectone Electronics Inc. being acquired by Universal Match Corporation. An experimental Bankograph was installed in New York City in 1961 by the

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applications in which the ATM terminal can do more than only communicate with the ATM switch. It is now empowered to connected to other content servers and

7785: 7586: 6530: 4931: 1062:. In some cases, these fees are charged solely to users who are not customers of the bank that operates the ATM; in other cases, they apply to all users. 3617: 472:. Each of the 1,000 selected users were given a double-bit key to open the safe with "Geldausgabe" written on it, a plastic identification card, and ten 1194:

There are no hard international or government-compiled numbers totaling the complete number of ATMs in use worldwide. Estimates as of 2015 developed by

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Devices designed by British (i.e. Chubb, De La Rue) and Swedish (i.e. Asea Meteor) manufacturers quickly spread out. For example, given its link with

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In an attempt to stop these practices, countermeasures against card cloning have been developed by the banking industry, in particular by the use of

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Encryption of personal information, required by law in many jurisdictions, is used to prevent fraud. Sensitive data in ATM transactions are usually

1433:. In early 2014, 95% of ATMs were running Windows XP. A small number of deployments may still be running older versions of the Windows OS, such as 139:

is also used, although ATM is also very commonly used in Canada, with many Canadian organizations using ATM over ABM. In British English, the terms

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provide software packages that implement these protocols. Newer protocols such as IFX have yet to find wide acceptance by transaction processors.

706:. The 2984 Cash Issuing Terminal was a true ATM, similar in function to today's machines and named Cashpoint by Lloyds Bank. Cashpoint is still a 10510: 8179: 7210: 6007: 529: 211:(PIN), which must match the PIN stored in the chip on the card (if the card is so equipped), or in the issuing financial institution's database. 5951: 1823:

Comptroller's Office has advised the New York State Department of Banking to have more thorough safety inspections of ATMs in high crime areas.

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techniques to assure telephone link security while entering personal ID information that was transmitted to a remote location for verification.

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Another simple form of fraud involves attempting to get the customer's bank to issue a new card and its PIN and stealing them from their mail.

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Alternative methods to verify cardholder identities have been tested and deployed in some countries, such as finger and palm vein patterns,

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connections become more ubiquitous. Common lower-level layer communication protocols used by ATMs to communicate back to the bank include

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software. NCR, a leading manufacturer of ATMs, acquired uGenius in 2013 and married its own ATM hardware with uGenius' video software."

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Although Microsoft discontinued support for the operating system in 2014, a significant number of ATMs as of 2020 still use versions of

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to remove smoke, and more powerful solid explosives. Despite German banks spending more than €300 million on additional security, the

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With the move of ATMs to industry-standard computing environments, concern has risen about the integrity of the ATM's software stack.

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reboots the device so that it is now under the control of the external drive. They can then have the ATM dispense all of its cash.

1653: 663:) in 1972, and commercially launched the "Atalla Box" in 1973. The product was released as the Identikey. It was a card reader and 6356: 6128: 9403: 8221: 8191: 7307: 7171: 7123: 7099: 6154: 5876: 4490: 3598: 2289:

model 7020 ATM, a criminal gang known as the Bucklands Boys stole information from cards inserted into the machine by customers.

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Ali, Peter Ifeanyichukwu. "Impact of automated teller machine on banking services delivery in Nigeria: a stakeholder analysis."

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customers—to walk away with four times the money withdrawn from their accounts. This type of scam was featured on the TV series

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allowed customers to withdraw cash up to £130 without a card by inputting a six-digit code requested through their smartphones.

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Mkpojiogu, Emmanuel OC, and A. Asuquo. "The user experience of ATM users in Nigeria: a systematic review of empirical papers."

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in Portugal), ATMs include many functions that are not directly related to the management of one's own bank account, such as:

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may also be used to ensure messages have not been tampered with while in transit between the ATM and the financial network.

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which cannot easily be copied or spoofed by unauthenticated devices, and by attempting to make the outside of their ATMs

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the large number of ATMs, there is additional demand for machines in the Asia/Pacific area as well as in Latin America.

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electronic journal to remove the cost of supplying journal paper to the ATM and for more convenient searching of data.

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In 1998, three towns outside Cleveland, Ohio, in response to an ATM crime wave, adopted legislation requiring that an

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Deposit mechanism including a cheque processing module and bulk note acceptor (to allow the customer to make deposits)

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In recent times, countries like India and some countries in Africa are installing solar-powered ATMs in rural areas.

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and ATM messages, and protected offline devices with an un-guessable PIN-generating key. In March 1972, Atalla filed

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by the card issuer or other authorizing institution on a communications network. This is often performed through an

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ATMs were originally developed as cash dispensers, and have evolved to provide many other bank-related functions:

1722: 5661: 504:, who was a department head at a company called Docutel. Docutel was a subsidiary of Recognition Equipment Inc of 10462: 10452: 10442: 9979: 6922: 4467:. Essays in Economic and Business History, 2014 (32). The Economic and Business History Society, 2014.: 100–137. 2501: 2161:

be left without the ability to make transactions until the beginning of their bank's next time of opening hours.

1554: 841: 7639: 5543:"ATM withdrawals in Macau top HK$ 10 billion a month, as authorities ensure machines never run dry, source says" 5467: 588:. These patents are all credited to Kenneth S. Goldstein, MR Karecki, TR Barnes, GR Chastian and John D. White. 226:

The idea of out-of-hours cash distribution was first put into practice in Japan, the United Kingdom and Sweden.

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ATMs are known by a variety of names, including automatic teller machines (ATM) in the United States (sometimes

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Paying routine bills, fees, and taxes (utilities, phone bills, social security, legal fees, income taxes, etc.)

1255: 901: 635: 368: 299: 208: 3611: 3398:. The customer then takes this receipt to a nearby sales clerk, who then exchanges it for cash from the till. 2236:

complaint. Banks are also liable to pay the late fees in case of delay in repayment of funds post seven days.

92: 10345: 10111: 9373: 8540: 8059: 5365: 3518: 3239: 3182: 1114: 664: 72: 7046:"Barking Up the Wrong Tree – Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Retail Banking in the UK - Page 5" 6477: 2077:, where authorization of transactions is based on the scanning of a customer's fingerprint, iris, face, etc. 1491:

is manufacturing ATMs that operate only with Linux. Common application layer transaction protocols, such as

387:

licence Goodfellow's PIN system, but a number of later patents reference this patent as "Prior Art Device".

10472: 10467: 10076: 9146: 9030: 8828: 8771: 8383: 8270: 6603: 4054:, Luther G Simjian, "Depository machine combined with image recording means", issued 1963-02-26 3209: 2586: 2397: 1750: 1343: 1198:

placed the number of ATMs in use at 3 million units, or approximately 1 ATM per 3,000 people in the world.

1110: 207:(or some other acceptable payment card) into the ATM, with authentication being by the customer entering a 65: 7765:

The Dawn of the Plastic Jungle: The Introduction of the Credit Card in Europe and North America, 1950-1975

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In recent years, many ATMs also encrypt the hard disk. This means that actually creating the software for

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UL-291 "Business Hours" and Level 1 Safes, RAL TL-30 derivatives, and CEN EN 1143-1 - CEN III and CEN IV.

42: 10530: 10520: 9969: 9861: 9182: 8818: 8639: 8276: 8091: 7899: 6818: 3562: 3496: 3382:

may share many components of an ATM (including a vault), but it only dispenses items related to postage.

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The vault of an ATM is within the footprint of the device itself and is where items of value are kept.

1122: 1017: 520: 6819:"Sensar has its eye on the prize with $ 42 million Japanese deal | Philadelphia Business Journal" 4051: 937: 10525: 9454: 9213: 9156: 8929: 8898: 8853: 8806: 8484: 8448: 8388: 8243: 8136: 6058: 4109: 3456: 2893: 2728: 1961: 1745: 1383: 1009: 863: 763: 620:. Busicom manufactured these microprocessor-based automated teller machines for several buyers, with 326: 38: 5708: 3881: 1974:

In some countries, especially those which benefit from a fully integrated cross-bank network (e.g.:

294:. Transactions were initiated by inserting paper cheques issued by a teller or cashier, marked with 10535: 10477: 10258: 9921: 9289: 9218: 8499: 8418: 8238: 8014: 8009: 7947: 5854: 5547: 4869: 4456: 3633: 3301: 2762: 1800: 1734: 1694: 1527: 1029: 1013: 830: 631: 500:

After looking firsthand at the experiences in Europe, in 1968 the ATM was pioneered in the U.S. by

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25 at a time and the bank card was sent back to the user at a later date. This was a Chubb machine.

325:' and a company called Metior's machine (a device called Bankomat) by a mere nine days and British 180: 7616: 7072: 6437: 5687: 4536: 4407: 2148:

Before an ATM is placed in a public place, it typically has undergone extensive testing with both

2025: 10319: 10025: 9899: 8954: 8472: 8428: 7968: 7284: 6029: 5261: 5077: 4907: 3431: 3090: 2733: 2521: 2282: 2173: 1834:

in response to a threat. Legislative efforts to require an emergency PIN system have appeared in

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However, several different ATM technologies have not yet reached worldwide acceptance, such as:

675:, intelligent controller and built-in electronic interface package. The device consisted of two 10350: 10121: 9937: 9639: 9314: 8823: 8142: 8075: 7564: 7502: 6708: 5412: 3461: 1419: 1269: 735: 703: 271: 263: 7214: 6224: 5071: 4901: 4682: 10366: 10331: 9957: 9916: 9547: 9279: 9253: 9161: 8949: 8659: 8148: 8096: 8043: 8039: 6316: 6194: 6132: 5022: 4712: 3330: 3264: 3025: 2963: 2923: 2782: 2561: 2551: 1353:

cash dispensers, which print a receipt or scrip instead of cash, do not incorporate a vault.

1048: 696: 680: 353: 291: 125: 121: 7526:"Phrack Classic Volume Three, Issue 32, File #1 of XX Phrack Classic Newsletter Issue XXXII" 6652: 5794: 5046: 4977: 4236: 3409: 2379:. The most actively developed form of smart card security in the industry today is known as 671:

and PIN capabilities. The Identikey system consisted of a card reader console, two customer

298:

for machine readability and security, which in a later model were matched with a four-digit

10186: 10096: 10050: 10045: 9851: 9649: 9594: 9577: 9420: 9299: 9112: 8944: 8919: 8858: 8719: 8323: 8294: 7192: 6765: 3768: 3187: 3162: 3040: 3000: 2995: 2863: 2652: 2601: 2531: 2511: 2208: 2204: 2141: 2093: 1843: 1682:: the ATM often uses general commodity components that sometimes are not considered to be " 1402: 1240: 1141: 1067: 707: 341: 279: 7822:"Interview with Mr. Don Wetzel, Co-Patente of the Automatic Teller Machine" (1995) online 6923:"Industrial Automated Gas Pumping Station and ATM MCF547x ColdFire Solutions By Freescale" 6264: 4326: 699:

every day as of 2013, and secure the majority of the world's ATM transactions as of 2014.

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Asea Metior's Bancomat was the first ATM installed in Spain on 9 January 1969, in central

8: 10360: 10222: 10157: 9962: 9905: 9871: 9274: 9055: 9020: 8999: 8989: 8959: 8504: 8154: 7355: 5744: 5191: 3254: 3080: 3070: 3020: 2958: 2667: 2536: 2481: 2153: 1152: 321:

The Barclays–De La Rue machine (called De La Rue Automatic Cash System or DACS) beat the

85: 7407: 3412:. All the usual ATM functions are available, except for withdrawing cash. Most banks in 1894: 10335: 10310: 10210: 10192: 9856: 9238: 8964: 8888: 8833: 8791: 8264: 7299: 6792:""Place Your Hand on the Scanner" | Science and Technology | Trends in Japan" 6354: 6086: 5464:"Statistics on payment and settlement systems in selected countries - Figures for 2004" 5130: 4847: 3796: 3530: 3476: 3402: 3229: 3204: 3100: 3095: 2983: 2968: 2943: 2908: 2696: 2516: 2421: 1500: 1488: 716: 656: 117: 7753:

Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo. "Emergence and evolution of ATM networks in the UK, 1967–2000."

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or credit accounts in order to make a variety of financial transactions, most notably

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developed a fourth machine which was marketed after 1969 in Europe and the US by the

97: 4851: 2264: 10377: 10180: 10172: 10101: 10003: 9931: 9532: 9489: 9484: 9304: 9243: 9084: 9040: 9025: 8994: 8979: 8974: 8714: 8704: 8443: 8025: 7853: 7556: 6952: 6371:

Representative Mario Biaggi, Congressional Record, 30 July 1986, Page 18232 et seq.

6290: 5218:

Overview: Navy Cash/Marine Cash: Programs and Systems: Financial Management Service

5134: 5114: 4831: 4797:"The rise and fall of Docutel, the Dallas-area company that created the first ATMs" 4482: 3436: 3372: 3323: 3291: 3219: 3197: 3177: 3152: 3015: 3005: 2913: 2831: 2196: 2033: 1741: 1336: 1312:–like architectures, ATMs have moved away from custom hardware architectures using 1210: 993: 755: 684: 400: 376: 184: 7768: 7670:"About Script ATMs: How Do Cashless ATMs Work? - What is Scrip, or Cashless ATMs?" 7529: 7462: 6974: 4296: 4237:"Evidence from the Patent Record on the Development of Cash Dispensing Technology" 2252: 1967:

Transferring money between linked accounts (such as transferring between accounts)

10355: 10268: 10091: 10030: 9676: 9599: 9469: 9177: 9060: 9050: 8651: 8438: 7865: 7809: 7802: 7493:"Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Four more held in fake credit card racket case" 7198: 7103: 6558: 6415: 6360: 6343: 6116: 5714: 5224: 4990: 4822:

Aspray, W. (1997). "The Intel 4004 microprocessor: what constituted invention?".

4433: 3655: 3621: 3259: 3244: 3234: 3157: 3147: 3060: 3010: 2953: 2933: 2903: 2878: 2853: 2767: 2657: 2647: 2496: 2471: 2298: 2164: 2058: 1808: 1679: 1550: 1496: 1484: 1313: 834: 810: 798: 790: 775: 766:, which is located at the height of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) above sea level 621: 585: 574: 563: 552: 493: 380: 7713: 5930:"Eric Schmidt said ATMs led to more jobs for bank tellers. It's not that simple" 5902: 5441: 2789: 1960:

Paying (in full or partially) the credit balance on a card linked to a specific

10404: 10278: 10273: 10234: 10162: 10116: 10035: 9744: 9624: 9398: 9390: 9340: 9072: 8064: 7891: 7553:"Seeking after the truth in computer evidence: any proof of ATM fraud? — ITNOW" 5237: 5169: 3992: 3466: 3356: 3311: 3224: 3192: 3132: 3065: 3050: 3045: 2973: 2772: 2755: 2738: 2642: 2607: 2591: 2576: 2491: 2436: 2401:

schemes used in ATM, debit/retail point-of-sale and prepaid card applications.

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Some ATMs may display warning messages to customers to be vigilant of possible

2229: 2087: 1941: 1907: 1820: 1812: 1683: 1644: 1632: 1607: 1558: 1175: 1059: 855: 751: 660: 627: 613: 469: 449: 230: 101: 7523: 7356:"Kennison v Daire [1986] HCA 4; (1986) 160 CLR 129 (20 February 1986)" 6874: 5118: 1678:

The security of ATM transactions relies mostly on the integrity of the secure

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personal knowledge of William Patterson who was there supporting the network

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is also finding some reception in the ATM marketplace. An example of this is

1406: 1118: 996:

card logo is not displayed, although this system was in use here at the time.

806: 802: 746: 524: 516: 501: 477: 345: 200: 7775:

Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth

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ATM hardware at junkyards from improperly disposed decommissioned machines.

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ATMs can be placed at any location but are most often placed near or inside

10422: 10216: 10204: 9809: 9804: 9783: 9359: 9335: 9120: 9092: 9035: 8843: 8589: 7138:"RBC Royal Bank Card Products - Consumer Visa Cards - Cardholder Agreement" 6766:"Japan Post to go with fingerprints for ATMs | The Japan Times Online" 6034: 5631: 5383: 5217: 4454: 3542: 3486: 3481: 3055: 2858: 2723: 2662: 2619: 2581: 2566: 2486: 2466: 2390: 2281:

The first known instance of a fake ATM was installed at a shopping mall in

2268: 1993: 1952: 1915: 1765:

ATMs that are exposed to the outside must be vandal- and weather-resistant.

1656:

estimated that as of 2024 60% of attacks on ATMs in the country succeeded.

1649: 1462: 1442: 1278: 1180: 724: 668: 473: 457: 372: 349: 329: 191: 132: 2218:

Improper money checking can cause the possibility of a customer receiving

1922: 1789:

Dunbar armored personnel watching over ATMs that have been installed in a

1545:

Notable ATM software that operates on XFS platforms include Triton PRISM,

10432: 10293: 10263: 10086: 9974: 9698: 9693: 9464: 9187: 8934: 8686: 8682: 8601: 8523: 8020: 5726: 5600:"Summary of New 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ATM Standards" 5489: 4634:"55.000 Geräte in Deutschland: Happy bargeldlos: Der Geldautomat wird 40" 3441: 3351: 3214: 3105: 3075: 2686: 2571: 2506: 2456: 2360: 2219: 2054: 1883: 1831: 1706: 1627: 1619: 1288:

Record printer (to provide the customer with a record of the transaction)

1282: 981: 818: 645: 332: 314: 7695: 5903:"Technology News: Security: Windows Cash-Machine Worm Generates Concern" 4766: 461: 10015: 10008: 9942: 9688: 9509: 9499: 9319: 9151: 9097: 8903: 8731: 8709: 8690: 8547: 8494: 8344: 8299: 7974: 5657: 5578: 5103:"Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols" 4932:"The Economic Impacts of NIST's Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program" 4581:"Bancomat Banesto (commercial ad with instructions for use in Spanish)" 4272: 2691: 2352: 2244: 2149: 2074: 1989: 1975: 1698: 1690: 1531: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1434: 1298: 1291: 1263: 1259: 904: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 866:, it is designed to work in temperatures as low as -40-degree Celsius. 845: 814: 779: 649: 617: 596: 275: 259: 238:, but removed after six months due to the lack of customer acceptance. 4835: 4385:"ATM inventor John Shepherd-Barron dies at age of 84 on 20th May 2010" 4136:'Instant Cash with a Credit Card', "ABA Banking Journal", January 1967 1796: 460:, the first ATM was installed in the 50,000-people university city of 61:

Electronic telecommunications device to perform financial transactions

9773: 9766: 9582: 9504: 9494: 8786: 8766: 8741: 8726: 8613: 8518: 8489: 8317: 7937: 7647: 7497: 6949:"NRT Technology Corporation - Gaming and casino solutions: QuickJack" 5463: 4434:"The emergence and evolution of ATM networks in the UK, c. 1967–2000" 3855: 2804: 2626: 2364: 2340:

By contrast, a newer high-tech method of operating, sometimes called

1244: 1206:

may have the highest density of ATMs at 254 ATMs per 100,000 adults.

1169: 1098: 1033: 361: 357: 295: 283: 5821:"The death of Windows XP will impact 95 percent of the world's ATMs" 2132: 1156:

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults (2017)

879: 862:. Installed at an elevation of 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) by the 496:

Personas 75-Series interior, multi-function ATM in the United States

371:

stored on the card was developed by a group of engineers working at

317:

on the Enfield Barclays commemorating the world's first cash machine

10389: 10137: 10081: 9846: 9831: 9814: 9659: 9587: 9557: 9102: 9067: 8939: 8924: 8893: 8848: 8838: 8528: 8413: 8373: 8339: 8328: 8304: 8288: 8282: 8233: 8196: 8184: 8160: 8118: 8112: 8048: 7886:

World Map and Chart of Automated Teller Machines per 100,000 Adults

5741:"BSI: Standards, Training, Testing, Assessment & Certification" 4127:'Fast Machine With a Buck', "Pacific Star and Stripes", 7 July 1966 3676: 3364: 2848: 2681: 2380: 2192: 2177: 2081: 1947: 1835: 1636: 1602: 1591: 1508: 1472: 1222: 1188: 1134: 1052: 1037: 859: 759: 720: 688: 538: 396: 235: 204: 7073:"ATM gives out free cash and lands family in court | UK news" 3408:

A Web ATM is an online interface for ATM card banking that uses a

3359:

on the face of the machine. Alternatively, some banks such as the

1101:

line or directly on a leased line. Leased lines are preferable to

634:(HSM), dubbed the "Atalla Box", a security system which encrypted 348:

in 1970. The collaboration of a small start-up called Speytec and

10399: 9841: 9836: 9778: 9609: 9537: 9208: 8796: 8776: 8619: 8595: 8513: 8393: 8228: 8208: 8069: 8054: 7748: 6576: 3471: 3167: 2938: 2541: 2292: 2286: 2184: 2010: 1546: 1512: 1492: 1340: 1294:(to store the parts of the machinery requiring restricted access) 1251: 1184: 1041: 1025: 822: 794: 676: 672: 609: 445: 5877:"Messaging standard to give multiple channels a common language" 1785: 9826: 9799: 9756: 9734: 9654: 8969: 8878: 8813: 8607: 8573: 8479: 8433: 7880: 7834: 3591:"FNSRTS307A - Maintain Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) services" 3513: 3451: 3413: 3360: 2718: 2376: 2368: 2092:

On-demand printing of "items of value" (such as movie tickets,

1903: 1839: 1480: 1476: 1410: 1165: 1130: 976: 505: 488: 441: 408: 254: 5346:. 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2007 4108: 1519:

for accessing and manipulating the various devices of an ATM.

1465:

has many articles about ATM operating system vulnerabilities.

64:"Bancomat" redirects here. For Italian interbank network, see 9447: 9004: 8883: 8868: 8557: 8350: 8248: 8215: 8101: 8003: 7952: 6008:"Germany Is Europe's Prime Target for Audacious ATM Bombings" 5686:. Ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com. 21 December 2004. Archived from 4455:

B. Batiz-Lazo, T. Karlsson and B. Thodenius (24 April 2014).

3426: 3395: 3368: 2826: 2777: 1526:

While the perceived benefit of XFS is similar to the Java's "

1520: 1468: 1350: 1275:

Display (used by the customer for performing the transaction)

1203: 1195: 1094: 509: 465: 464:

on May 27, 1968, by Kreissparkasse Tübingen. It was built by

215: 7006:"Interactive teller machines allow tellers to work remotely" 6600:"Rising interest rates, gas prices hit vault-cash providers" 5948:"Things to Keep in Mind when Opting for Free ATM Placements" 5438:"Interac Association - Media > Statistics > ABM Stats" 1697:, but transaction processors now usually require the use of 310: 278:. This invention is credited to the engineering team led by 203:. Customers are typically identified by inserting a plastic 9671: 9614: 8467: 8453: 7852:: an account of US cash machine history; by Ellen Florian, 5340:"Eicon Networks Develops Ssl-vpn For Secure Remote Working" 4440:. Business History, 2009 (51:1). Taylor and Francis, 2009. 3925:"Shopping centres prepare to go cashless as ATMs disappear" 3035: 2873: 2799: 2428: 2005: 1899: 1886:

is more difficult, and provides more security for the ATM.

1761: 1423: 1361: 1126: 1090: 1086: 1021: 1005: 985: 786: 727:

and TABS 9000 series, NCR 1780 and earlier NCR 770 series.

644:

for his PIN verification system, which included an encoded

476:. One punch card functioned as a withdrawal slip for a 100 195: 4512:"James Goodfellow, Series 2, Pioneers - BBC Radio 4 Extra" 4200:"Bank that opened world's first ATM given heritage status" 4084:"From punchcard to prestaging: 50 years of ATM innovation" 1308:

Due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of

9382: 9284: 6572:"ATM makers warn of 'jackpotting' hacks on U.S. machines" 6187:"Japan Seeks To Standardize Biometric ID Method For ATMs" 4235:

Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo; Reid, Robert J. K. (30 June 2008).

3877: 2386: 2168:

A NCR Interactive Teller Machine running uGenius software

1790: 1516: 1234: 1106: 710:

of Lloyds Banking Group in the UK but is often used as a

384: 337: 612:

began to manufacture ATMs based on the first commercial

375:

on the Chubb MD2 in 1965 and which has been credited to

5795:"Thieves dig 100ft tunnel to steal cash in Levenshulme" 5575:"Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)" 4354: 4352: 1970:

Deposit currency recognition, acceptance, and recycling

1733:

There have also been a number of incidents of fraud by

1285:(used to select the various aspects of the transaction) 1237:(to control the user interface and transaction devices) 519:

installed a prototype ATM in the U.S. at its branch in

9351: 7782:

Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies

7735:

Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology and Society

7237:"Falschgeld: Blüten aus dem Geldautomat? - Wirtschaft" 3822:"Ngram Viewer comparing 3 terms, 2000-2022, UK corpus" 2359:. Older chip-card security systems include the French 1673: 1373:

Locks (to control access to the contents of the vault)

1230:

An ATM is typically made up of the following devices:

7745:

Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking

7300:"1.05: The Bucklands Boys and Other Tales of the ATM" 7024:"These ATMs have swopped bills for pills. Here's why" 6653:"Asia-Pacific | Indonesians make ATM sacrifices" 5406:"A million new ATMs installed in the last five years" 5073:

Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking

4903:

Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking

4668:

ATM Networks: Their Organization, Security and Future

3502: 1534:

to even out the differences among various platforms.

7524:

Fredric L. Rice, Organised Crime Civilian Response.

6527:"ATM software aimed at reversing crime - Peoria, IL" 6500:"Illinois General Assembly - Bill Status for SB1355" 5017: 5015: 4361:

Cash Box: The Invention and Globalization of the ATM

4349: 848:

lanes providing access to ATMs using an automobile.

533:

country began to experiment with ATM installations.

468:-based safe builder Ostertag AG in cooperation with 6845:"BAI Banking Strategies Magazine - Articles Online" 6001: 5999: 4600:"1968 in Tübingen: Deutschlands erster Geldautomat" 4560: 3898:"3 Million ATMs Worldwide By 2015: ATM Association" 3677:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (8 June 2018). 2322:(PIN), some banks draw privacy areas on the floor. 1266:

keypad), manufactured as part of a secure enclosure

71:"Cash machine" redirects here. For other uses, see 8681: 7613:"Postal Service Mailing Kiosks Now in Every State" 6975:"Business | Bank puts the 'fun' into 'funds'" 6627:"What will replace the dollar as global currency?" 6313:"DiNapoli Calls for Better Oversight of Bank ATMs" 6289:. Banking.state.ny.us. 1 June 1997. Archived from 3896: 1370:Security sensors (magnetic, thermal, seismic, gas) 480:bill, the maximum limit for daily use was 400 DM. 9196: 6315:. Osc.state.ny.us. 4 October 2007. Archived from 5257:"The nano of ATMs for rural masses comes to town" 5238:"Al Salam Bank-Bahrain opens new branch in Riffa" 5047:"Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled" 5039: 5012: 3989:"How the ATM Revolutionized the Banking Business" 2099:Dispensing additional media (such as phone cards) 1610:Procash 2100xe Frontload that was opened with an 1377:fashion to the cash as it is a similar liability. 1085:ATMs typically connect directly to their host or 10497: 9605:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History 7921: 7285:"Reserve Bank of India - Function Wise Monetary" 7164:"Europe | Mad rush to faulty ATM in France" 5996: 5289:"NBP installs 'World's Highest ATM' in Pakistan" 4358: 4050: 2285:, in 1993. By modifying the inner workings of a 100:and other busy areas, such as this off-premises 7380:. Atmsecurity.com. 4 March 2009. Archived from 7261:(in German). Wincor-nixdorf.com. Archived from 7070: 6685:(in German). Wincor-nixdorf.com. Archived from 6054:"Attacks on banks devised in Europe - National" 5632:"How to Properly Dispose of Decommissioned ATM" 4086:. ATM Marketplace. 31 July 2013. Archived from 1635:term), is to seal all openings of the ATM with 1429:Today, the vast majority of ATMs worldwide use 1356:Mechanisms found inside the vault may include: 530:Smithsonian National Museum of American History 483: 4940:National Institute of Standards and Technology 4234: 4174:"The story behind the world's first cashpoint" 1712: 1487:is also migrating ATMs to Linux. Indian-based 1214:from a peak of 41 per 100,000 adults in 2020. 817:, and other locations. ATMs are also found on 9367: 8667: 7907: 7763:Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo, and Gustavo del Angel. 7501:. Chennai, India. 19 May 2006. Archived from 7445:"Skimming with ATM Cameras : snopes.com" 6897:"Japanese bank to allow cellphone ATM access" 5927: 4431: 4408:"History of Automatic Teller Machines or ATM" 3331: 2187:(such as card transport mechanisms; keypads; 1756: 1523:is a Java implementation of the CEN XFS API. 833:unaffiliated with banks install and maintain 825:ships, where sailors can draw out their pay. 8366: 7615:. Usps.com. 30 December 2004. Archived from 6221:International Biometric Industry Association 6191:International Biometric Industry Association 4242:. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. p. 4. 1445:, even though Microsoft still supports only 1281:buttons (usually close to the display) or a 7799:Journal of Research in National Development 7550: 6087:"Boom: Inside a British Bank Bombing Spree" 5380:"ATM Industry Association Global ATM Clock" 4971: 4969: 4863: 4861: 4680: 4290: 4288: 4286: 3952: 3950: 3918: 3916: 3848:"Using ATM's abroad - Travel - Travel Tips" 1664:Intelligent Banknote Neutralisation Systems 1405:, as seen with this machine at a branch of 1339:employees refilling an ATM at the Downtown 428:news report on the introduction of ATMs in 23: 9374: 9360: 8674: 8660: 7914: 7900: 7888:by Lebanese-economy-forum, World Bank data 7589:. Zidbits. 25 January 2011. Archived from 6847:. Bai.org. 1 February 2011. Archived from 6768:. Search.japantimes.co.jp. 6 August 2006. 5069: 5035:(7). IDG Enterprise: 49. 13 February 1978. 4899: 4359:Harper, Tom; Batiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2013). 4012:. ATM Industry Association. October 2015. 3986: 3845: 3338: 3324: 2071:with human tellers, known as video tellers 1483:operating systems in its ATMs with Linux. 854:The world's highest ATM is located at the 685:account number was read by the card reader 96:Smaller indoor ATMs dispense money inside 24: 6733: 6217:"Cards: Biometrics Stalled Amid The Hype" 5851:"Risks search results for "cash machine"" 5789: 5787: 5743:. Bsonline.bsi-global.com. Archived from 5490:"Central bank payment system information" 5227:. Fms.treas.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-02. 4461:Essays in Economic & Business History 2668:Transaction (checking / current) 2225:Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany 964:Learn how and when to remove this message 190:Using an ATM, customers can access their 7790:McDysan, David E., and Darren L. Spohn. 7587:"Why is there braille on drive-up ATMs?" 7048:. Managementjournals.com. Archived from 7004:Smith, Benton Alexander (16 June 2016). 6816: 6005: 5767:"Triton Systems | ATM manufacturer" 5059:(4). IDG Enterprise: 3. 26 January 1976. 4975: 4966: 4867: 4858: 4687:. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 266. 4665: 4377: 4294: 4283: 3947: 3913: 3894: 2314:In an attempt to prevent criminals from 2263: 2251: 2243: 2163: 2131: 2102:Co-ordination of ATMs with mobile phones 2048: 1921: 1893: 1795: 1784: 1760: 1716: 1601: 1396: 1330: 1318:application-specific integrated circuits 1221: 1174: 1159: 1151: 1081:with a dial-up modem visible at the base 1072: 992:to which it is connected are shown. The 975: 769: 745: 590: 487: 413: 309: 262:using the world's first cash machine at 253: 91: 79: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 7211:"Materials- Bank Notes- Bank of Canada" 6734:Fernandes, Deirdre (5 September 2013). 6524: 6084: 5540: 5248: 5100: 5023:"ID System Designed as NCR 270 Upgrade" 4895: 4893: 4891: 4824:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 4491:Information Processing Society of Japan 4297:"The man who invented the cash machine" 4197: 3922: 2271:from an ATM robbery made unusable with 364:in order to make fraud more difficult. 181:not operated by a financial institution 135:as "ATM machine"). In Canada, the term 14: 10511:Computer-related introductions in 1967 10498: 7442: 7428:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 7297: 6736:"Boston customers test new video ATMs" 6715:from the original on 29 September 2011 6650: 6602:. selfserviceworld.com. Archived from 6263:. Moneycentral.msn.com. Archived from 5905:. 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Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. 3567:. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. 3297: 2211:; or purely down to operator error. 2157:incentive to minimise malfunctions. 1780: 1047:ATMs rely on the authorization of a 902:adding citations to reliable sources 873: 229:In 1960, Armenian-American inventor 7702:from the original on 19 March 2015. 7071:Rebecca Allison (16 January 2003). 6772:from the original on 15 August 2010 6561:. Wctv.tv. Retrieved on 2013-08-02. 6476:. Legis.state.ga.us. Archived from 5000:from the original on 21 August 2019 4717:. Hearst Magazines. December 2005. 4019:from the original on 18 August 2016 3777:from the original on 9 January 2017 3571:from the original on 12 August 2017 1674:Transactional secrecy and integrity 1475:, the largest bank in the south of 691:. Atalla's HSM products protect 250 603: 270:A cash machine was put into use by 151:are also used. Other terms include 56: 8829:European Payments Initiative (EPI) 7815: 7727: 7720:from the original on 9 April 2015. 7676:from the original on 24 March 2011 7528:. Skepticfiles.org. Archived from 7463:"What the Hell Do Smart Cards Do?" 7358:. Austlii.edu.au. 20 February 1986 7116:"Double money in cash point error" 6929:from the original on 16 March 2012 6825:from the original on 17 April 2012 6651:Harvey, Rachel (10 January 2006). 6525:Kravetz, Andy (18 February 2009). 6384:. Obre.state.il.us. Archived from 5909:from the original on 18 March 2012 5299:from the original on 27 April 2017 5254: 5180:from the original on 13 June 2012. 4868:Stiennon, Richard (17 June 2014). 4483:"Automated Teller Terminal AT-20P" 4471:from the original on 14 July 2014. 4269:"Enfield's cash gift to the world" 4225: 4003:"ATMIA 50th Anniversary Factsheet" 3968:from the original on 28 April 2015 3909:from the original on 26 June 2015. 3601:from the original on 7 April 2014. 2412: 1571: 57: 10557: 9409:PC business acquisition by Lenovo 8819:Electronic Payment Services (EPS) 7827: 7794:(McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998). 7747:(Oxford University Press, 2018). 7213:. Bankofcanada.ca. Archived from 7144:from the original on 28 June 2006 6903:from the original on 29 June 2011 6131:. ATM Marketplace. Archived from 6085:Summers, Nick (27 January 2015). 6066:from the original on 29 June 2011 6006:Matussek, Karin (9 August 2024). 5772:. Tritonatm.com. 17 November 2010 5638:from the original on 8 March 2014 5612:from the original on 11 June 2014 5255:NT, Balanarayan (14 March 2010). 5101:Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). 4684:1969: The Year Everything Changed 4632:Heeg, Thiemo (11 December 2008). 4598:Pötzl, Norbert F. (26 May 2018). 4395:from the original on 23 May 2010. 4037:"Machine Accepts Bank Deposits", 3797:"Cashpoint dictionary definition" 3749:from the original on 19 July 2019 3719:from the original on 29 July 2018 3689:from the original on 29 July 2018 3656:"Automated Banking Machine (ABM)" 1360:Dispensing mechanism (to provide 1247:reader (to identify the customer) 829:cheaper single-function devices. 120:device that enables customers of 10438: 10437: 10427: 10418: 10417: 10107:Sabre airline reservation system 9953:Thomas J. Watson Research Center 8635: 8634: 7833: 7706: 7688: 7662: 7631: 7605: 7579: 7544: 7517: 7485: 7473:from the original on 1 July 2010 7455: 7436: 7396: 7370: 7348: 7322: 7291: 7277: 7251: 7229: 7203: 7186: 7156: 7130: 7108: 7091: 7064: 7038: 7016: 6997: 6967: 6941: 6915: 6889: 6863: 6837: 6810: 6784: 6758: 6727: 6711:. creativematch. 10 March 2005. 6701: 6675: 6644: 6618: 6592: 6564: 6545: 6518: 6492: 6466: 6430: 6400: 6374: 6365: 6348: 6331: 6305: 6279: 6253: 6239: 6223:. 22 August 2005. Archived from 6129:"The No. 1 ATM security concern" 5269:from the original on 25 May 2015 5170:"ATMs to operate without a card" 4771:The History of Computing Project 4714:Popular Mechanics - Google Books 4337:from the original on 8 June 2010 4295:Milligan, Brian (25 June 2007). 4198:Alberge, Dalya (10 April 2023). 3895:Morrison, David (28 July 2014). 3709:"ATM and Banking Centre Network" 3536: 3524: 3512: 3427:ATM Industry Association (ATMIA) 3306: 3296: 3287: 3286: 2435: 2191:; envelope deposit mechanisms); 1557:, Phoenix Interactive VISTAatm, 878: 216:ATM Industry Association (ATMIA) 104:mono-function ICA ATM in Sweden. 9620:Information Management Software 6873:. Accurapid.com. Archived from 6709:"ATM:ad First For Comic Relief" 6414:. ATMs / Kiosks. Archived from 6247:"Kilpailu- ja kuluttajavirasto" 6209: 6193:. 10 March 2005. Archived from 6179: 6147: 6121: 6104: 6078: 6046: 6022: 5966: 5940: 5921: 5895: 5869: 5843: 5813: 5759: 5733: 5719: 5702: 5676: 5650: 5624: 5592: 5567: 5555:from the original on 5 May 2017 5534: 5508: 5482: 5456: 5430: 5411:. rbrlondon.com. Archived from 5398: 5372: 5332: 5311: 5281: 5230: 5211: 5184: 5162: 5153: 5094: 5063: 4815: 4789: 4759: 4741:"Interview with Mr. Don Wetzel" 4733: 4705: 4674: 4659: 4625: 4591: 4573: 4554: 4529: 4504: 4475: 4448: 4425: 4399: 4319: 4261: 4172:Murray, Amelia (25 June 2017). 4165: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4102: 4076: 4063: 4044: 4031: 3980: 3888: 3870: 3839: 3814: 3789: 3739:"TD Green Machine ATM Machines" 3416:provide these online services. 1555:KAL Kalignite Software Platform 889:needs additional citations for 750:The world's highest ATM at the 302:(PIN). Shepherd-Barron stated: 137:automated banking machine (ABM) 10373:International chess tournament 10153:Globally integrated enterprise 10143:Commercial Processing Workload 9310:Personal identification number 8424:Armed Forces Financial Network 6871:"The Check is NOT in the Mail" 4947:. October 2001. Archived from 4406:Bellis, Mary (15 April 2019). 3761: 3731: 3701: 3670: 3648: 3626: 3605: 3583: 3555: 3086:Strategic financial management 2320:personal identification number 2127: 2108:Games and promotional features 2057:ATM with mobile bank port and 1898:Two NCR Personas 84 ATMs at a 1864: 1654:Federal Criminal Police Office 1565:EFTS and Intertech inter-ATM. 1256:personal identification number 665:customer identification system 448:. This device dispensed 1,000 390: 300:personal identification number 266:, north London on 27 June 1967 209:personal identification number 13: 1: 10112:Scanning tunneling microscope 6899:. Engadget. 27 January 2006. 6625:Lynn, Matthew (7 July 2011). 6030:"Dutch blaggers explode ATMs" 5541:Fraiser, Naill (5 May 2017). 5070:Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). 4900:Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). 3549: 3240:Sustainable development goals 2309: 2183:Errors that can occur may be 1877: 1815:are a common feature. In the 1258:EPP4 (similar in layout to a 1254:for accepting and encrypting 1164:HSBC Express Banking ATM in, 1147: 407:A Chubb-made ATM appeared in 73:Cash Machine (disambiguation) 9147:Card not present transaction 9031:Credit card balance transfer 8384:European Payments Initiative 7767:(Hoover Institution, 2016), 7555:. Itnow.oxfordjournals.org. 7026:. Bhekisisa. 7 November 2018 6951:. Nrtpos.com. Archived from 5928:Tess Townsend (8 May 2017). 5492:. Bis.org. 5 February 2001. 4773:. Thocp.net. 17 April 2006. 4147:"1967: First Cash Dispenser" 3958:"A Brief History of the ATM" 3371:files or via text-to-speech 1982:Loading monetary value into 1807:In some countries, multiple 1729:(to the right of the screen) 667:, providing a terminal with 544:In 1973, Wetzel was granted 484:Docutel in the United States 432:. People could only receive 245: 66:Bancomat (interbank network) 7: 9980:Canada Head Office Building 9970:Cambridge Scientific Center 9862:Science Research Associates 9630:Mainframe operating systems 8265:Allied Irish Banks Banklink 7792:ATM theory and applications 5382:. Atmia.com. Archived from 4432:B. Batiz-Lazo (June 2007). 3497:Verification and validation 3419: 1713:Customer identity integrity 1703:Message Authentication Code 1597: 1580: 1459:real-time operating systems 1392: 1217: 1103:plain old telephone service 1000:Most ATMs are connected to 840:In the US, Canada and some 741: 10: 10562: 10041:Virtual Universe Community 9762:International subsidiaries 9682:Service Automation Manager 7640:"Automated Postal Centers" 6794:. Web Japan. 10 May 2005. 5466:. Bis.org. 31 March 2006. 4986:Hewlett Packard Enterprise 4910:. pp. 284 & 311. 4767:"Automatic teller machine" 4743:. Americanhistory.si.edu. 4541:www.lloydsbankinggroup.com 3878:"ATM Industry Association" 3770:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 3564:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2991:Fractional-reserve banking 2919:Enterprise risk management 2389:is widely used in the UK ( 2373:Blue from American Express 1851:emergency telephone number 1757:Device operation integrity 1584: 1211:cashless payment solutions 913:"Automated teller machine" 521:Rockville Centre, New York 221: 70: 63: 10506:Automated teller machines 10413: 10302: 10244: 10171: 10130: 10059: 9993: 9889: 9792: 9727: 9718: 9570: 9520: 9435: 9428: 9419: 9389: 9328: 9262: 9231: 9170: 9157:Controlled payment number 9139: 9111: 9083: 9013: 8912: 8752: 8697: 8629: 8582: 8566: 8406: 8389:Single Euro Payments Area 8257: 7984: 7961: 7930: 7840:Automatic teller machines 7714:"Post Office Bank WebATM" 7298:Patton, Phil (May 1993). 7197:10 September 2015 at the 7010:The Idaho Business Review 6059:The Sydney Morning Herald 5364:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5192:"The World's Highest ATM" 5119:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3 4681:Kirkpatrick, Rob (2009). 4670:. Elsevier International. 3457:Electronic funds transfer 2894:Diversification (finance) 2123:Pharmacy dispensing units 1735:man-in-the-middle attacks 1479:, which has replaced the 1384:Underwriters Laboratories 1301:and to attach signage to) 1226:A block diagram of an ATM 864:National Bank of Pakistan 831:Independent ATM deployers 10541:1967 in economic history 10067:Automated teller machine 10021:The Great Mind Challenge 9404:Mergers and acquisitions 9290:Hardware security module 9270:Automated teller machine 9056:Current/checking account 8419:Alberta Regional Network 8359:(Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7877:Automated teller machine 7443:snopes (29 March 2016). 7332:. Cnn.com. 6 June 2005. 7259:"Wincor Nixdorf Germany" 7102:22 November 2006 at the 6683:"Wincor Nixdorf Germany" 6474:"sb379_SB_379_PF_2.html" 5797:. BBC. 14 January 2012. 5713:22 November 2006 at the 5548:South China Morning Post 4976:Langford, Susan (2013). 4666:Essinger, James (1987). 4363:. Networld Media Group. 3614:Automatic Teller Machine 2844:Automated teller machine 2239: 1957:Cheque Processing Module 1906:dispensing two types of 1801:Philippine National Bank 1528:write once, run anywhere 1364:or other items of value) 1066:allows for the use of a 632:hardware security module 584:5 September 2017 at the 573:5 September 2017 at the 562:5 September 2017 at the 551:5 September 2017 at the 199:financial institution's 110:automated teller machine 39:latest accepted revision 10546:20th-century inventions 10026:Linux Technology Center 9381: 8107:Dutch Bangla Bank Nexus 7871:considered for deletion 6557:13 October 2014 at the 6115:12 October 2006 at the 5974:"ATM bombings up 3000%" 5319:"Interac Cash web page" 5262:Daily News and Analysis 5078:Oxford University Press 4908:Oxford University Press 4563:"Bancomat (In Spanish)" 4327:"ATM inventor honoured" 3432:Automated cash handling 3091:Stress test (financial) 2283:Manchester, Connecticut 1889: 1625:Another attack method, 1559:Wincor Nixdorf ProTopas 1513:CEN XFS (or simply XFS) 546:U.S. Patent # 3,761,682 10351:Dynamic infrastructure 10316:Big Blue sports teams 10122:Universal Product Code 9315:Secure cryptoprocessor 8143:Saudi Payments Network 7743:Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. 7644:www.postalreporter.com 7561:10.1093/combul/38.6.17 7239:. Stern.De. 5 May 2004 4978:"ATM Cash-out Attacks" 4583:. ABC. 18 March 1969. 4151:Guinness World Records 3519:Business and Economics 3462:Financial cryptography 2275: 2261: 2249: 2169: 2145: 2061: 1930: 1919: 1804: 1793: 1766: 1730: 1614: 1414: 1346: 1304:Sensors and indicators 1270:Secure cryptoprocessor 1227: 1191: 1179:Assortment of ATMs in 1172: 1157: 1082: 997: 782: 767: 736:Royal Bank of Scotland 734:In 2012, a new ATM at 624:as the main customer. 600: 579:U.S. Patent # 3,68,569 497: 437: 318: 308: 272:Barclays Bank, Enfield 267: 264:Barclays Bank, Enfield 126:financial transactions 122:financial institutions 105: 89: 10483:Vacuum tube computers 10367:IBM and the Holocaust 10332:Common Public License 10217:Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 10000:Academy of Technology 9455:Power microprocessors 9280:Credit card imprinter 9254:Credit card hijacking 8149:Shetab Banking System 6438:"Senate Bill No. 333" 4052:US patent 3079603 3636:. Interac Association 3612:Cambridge Dictionary 3265:Too connected to fail 3026:Investment management 2924:Environmental finance 2783:Correspondent account 2477:Community development 2267: 2255: 2247: 2167: 2135: 2052: 2041:Donating to charities 1940:Printing or ordering 1925: 1897: 1799: 1788: 1764: 1720: 1605: 1495:91x (911 or 912) and 1400: 1334: 1225: 1178: 1163: 1155: 1076: 1049:financial transaction 979: 773: 749: 641:U.S. patent 3,938,091 594: 568:U.S. Patent # 3651976 557:US Patent # 3,662,343 515:On 2 September 1969, 491: 423: 354:Burroughs Corporation 313: 304: 292:2005 New Year Honours 286:, who was awarded an 257: 236:City Bank of New York 95: 83: 10097:Magnetic stripe card 10046:World Community Grid 9922:Toronto Software Lab 9578:Carbon Design System 9533:Cell microprocessors 9300:Magnetic stripe card 8485:Accel / The Exchange 8295:Bankcard-Servicenetz 7842:at Wikimedia Commons 7784:9.1 (2018): 89–102. 7638:Lewis, Bill (2005). 7469:. 28 February 2002. 7265:on 27 September 2007 7170:. 23 December 2005. 6689:on 27 September 2007 6167:on 30 September 2009 6062:. 25 November 2008. 5386:on 13 September 2011 5295:. 5 September 2016. 5223:3 March 2013 at the 4487:IPSJ Computer Museum 4333:. 31 December 2004. 4110:GB patent 959713 3620:7 April 2014 at the 3387:scrip cash dispenser 3163:Exchange traded fund 3041:Mathematical finance 3001:Fundamental analysis 2996:Full-reserve banking 2602:Bank holding company 2512:Export credit agency 2420:Part of a series on 1926:Gold vending ATM in 1515:, provides a common 1068:scrip cash dispenser 898:improve this article 708:registered trademark 323:Swedish saving banks 280:John Shepherd-Barron 10361:GUIDE International 10223:Samuel J. Palmisano 10082:Electronic keypunch 9906:One Atlantic Center 9876:Weather Underground 9872:The Weather Company 9275:Contactless payment 9021:Payment card number 8155:The Benefit Company 7808:18 May 2020 at the 7757:51.1 (2009): 1-27. 7737:9.1 (2016): 64–72. 7532:on 21 November 2010 6877:on 12 December 2010 6821:. Bizjournals.com. 6197:on 10 February 2006 6155:"Diebold ATM Fraud" 5954:on 21 November 2015 5418:on 23 December 2016 3255:Time value of money 3081:Statistical finance 3071:Sustainable finance 3021:Investment advisory 2663:Time deposit (Bond) 2381:EMV 2000 or EMV 4.x 2377:EMV '96 or EMV 3.11 1209:With the uptake of 630:invented the first 360:and low-coercivity 116:) is an electronic 29:Page version status 10531:British inventions 10521:Banking technology 10463:Personal computers 10453:Midrange computers 10443:Navigational boxes 10336:IBM Public License 10311:A Boy and His Atom 10269:Michelle J. Howard 10211:John Fellows Akers 10193:T. Vincent Learson 9900:1250 René-Lévesque 9640:Planning Analytics 9239:Card security code 9197:Interbank networks 8834:Forbrugsforeningen 8357:BH Mreža bankomata 7923:Interbank networks 7849:The Money Machines 7593:on 29 January 2011 7567:on 12 October 2007 7384:on 24 October 2010 7052:on 16 January 2011 6388:on 4 November 2010 6359:9 May 2006 at the 6342:9 May 2006 at the 6227:on 31 October 2005 5747:on 12 October 2007 5684:"Scope for UL 291" 4071:The New York Times 4039:The New York Times 3935:on 4 December 2017 3903:Credit Union Times 3477:Phantom withdrawal 3403:teller assist unit 3230:Security (finance) 3205:History of banking 3101:Structured product 3096:Structured finance 2909:Economic expansion 2422:financial services 2276: 2262: 2250: 2189:hard disk failures 2170: 2146: 2094:traveler's cheques 2062: 1984:stored-value cards 1931: 1920: 1805: 1794: 1767: 1746:facial recognition 1731: 1615: 1489:Vortex Engineering 1415: 1347: 1228: 1192: 1173: 1158: 1119:multidrop protocol 1083: 1058:Many banks charge 1055:messaging system. 1002:interbank networks 998: 990:interbank networks 870:Financial networks 783: 768: 657:Atalla Corporation 601: 498: 438: 327:Westminster Bank's 319: 268: 118:telecommunications 106: 98:convenience stores 90: 35: 10516:Banking equipment 10493: 10492: 10458:Operating systems 10320:American football 10289:Joseph R. Swedish 10284:Martha E. Pollack 10187:Thomas Watson Jr. 10148:Customer engineer 10072:Cynefin framework 9958:Hakozaki Facility 9917:Rome Software Lab 9885: 9884: 9714: 9713: 9667:Rational Software 9566: 9565: 9548:Personal Computer 9543:Midrange computer 9349: 9348: 9295:Interbank network 9249:Credit card fraud 9227: 9226: 9131:Universal default 9126:Introductory rate 9046:Revolving account 8649: 8648: 8402: 8401: 8379:Euronet Worldwide 7838:Media related to 7696:"Megabank WebATM" 7619:on 3 January 2011 7551:Stephen Castell. 7505:on 10 August 2011 7122:. 28 April 2004. 6925:. Freescale.com. 6580:. 27 January 2018 6480:on 31 August 2010 5690:on 5 January 2011 5605:. firstdata.com. 5444:on 5 October 2006 5244:. 7 January 2020. 4954:on 30 August 2017 4836:10.1109/85.601727 4389:Los Angeles Times 4090:on 15 August 2013 3964:. 26 March 2015. 3410:smart card reader 3380:interactive kiosk 3348: 3347: 3143:Corporate finance 3138:Capital structure 3113: 3112: 2884:Corporate finance 2704: 2703: 2396:Card cloning and 2138:Microsoft Windows 2088:Bar code scanning 2069:Videoconferencing 2034:gift certificates 1914:on the left, and 1781:Customer security 1431:Microsoft Windows 1310:personal computer 1183:shopping centre, 974: 973: 966: 948: 844:, banks may have 774:Mobile ATM after 723:and 473x series, 712:generic trademark 697:card transactions 683:, the customer's 430:Sydney, Australia 421: 282:of printing firm 214:According to the 26: 16:(Redirected from 10553: 10526:Embedded systems 10441: 10440: 10431: 10430: 10421: 10420: 10181:Thomas J. Watson 10102:Relational model 10051:Think conference 9932:330 North Wabash 9852:Microelectronics 9725: 9724: 9650:Quantum Platform 9595:Cognos Analytics 9433: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9353: 9352: 9305:Payment terminal 9244:Chargeback fraud 9194: 9193: 9041:Installment loan 9026:Card association 8975:Rail Travel Card 8705:American Express 8676: 8669: 8662: 8653: 8652: 8638: 8637: 8444:Discover Network 8364: 8363: 8336:(United Kingdom) 8212: 8200: 8188: 8175: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7874: 7837: 7755:Business History 7722: 7721: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7672:. Atmscrip.com. 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7650:on 13 April 2016 7646:. Archived from 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7563:. Archived from 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7427: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7406:. Archived from 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7207: 7201: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7112: 7106: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7068: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6981:. 20 July 2005. 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6740:The Boston Globe 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6606:on 29 March 2009 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6568: 6562: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6453: 6442: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6363: 6352: 6346: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6293:on 10 April 2011 6283: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6267:on 17 April 2008 6257: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6166: 6160:. Archived from 6159: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6125: 6119: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6003: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5980:. 12 July 2008. 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5950:. Archived from 5944: 5938: 5937: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5883:on 29 March 2009 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5853:. Archived from 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5771: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5717: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5660:. Atmdepot.com. 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5634:. ATMDepot.com. 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5611: 5604: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5440:. Archived from 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5417: 5410: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5363: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5234: 5228: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5176:. 12 June 2012. 5166: 5160: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5137:. Archived from 5098: 5092: 5091: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5019: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4999: 4982: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4953: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4897: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4292: 4281: 4280: 4275:. 27 June 2007. 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4248: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4153:. 19 August 2015 4143: 4137: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4007: 4000: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3954: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3931:. Archived from 3920: 3911: 3910: 3900: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3854:. Archived from 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3630: 3624: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3559: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3517: 3516: 3508: 3437:Banknote counter 3373:speech synthesis 3340: 3333: 3326: 3310: 3300: 3299: 3290: 3289: 3220:Personal finance 3153:Equity (finance) 3016:Impact investing 3006:Growth investing 2914:Enterprise value 2821: 2820: 2632: 2631: 2587:Savings and loan 2439: 2417: 2416: 2316:shoulder surfing 2197:operating system 1988:Adding pre-paid 1916:States of Jersey 1809:security cameras 1549:Agilis EmPower, 1314:microcontrollers 969: 962: 958: 955: 949: 947: 906: 882: 874: 835:white-label ATMs 799:railway stations 791:shopping centers 756:Gilgit Baltistan 694: 643: 604:Further advances 422: 401:Bank of Scotland 377:James Goodfellow 330:Smith Industries 179:. ATMs that are 149:hole in the wall 47:9 September 2024 21: 10561: 10560: 10556: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10536:Payment systems 10496: 10495: 10494: 10489: 10409: 10395:SHARE computing 10356:GlobalFoundries 10298: 10246: 10240: 10167: 10126: 10117:Financial swaps 10092:Hard disk drive 10055: 9989: 9963:Yamato Facility 9881: 9788: 9720: 9710: 9677:Tivoli Software 9562: 9516: 9415: 9385: 9380: 9350: 9345: 9324: 9258: 9223: 9192: 9166: 9135: 9107: 9079: 9061:Savings account 9051:Deposit account 9009: 8980:Revolution Card 8908: 8755:specialty cards 8754: 8748: 8693: 8680: 8650: 8645: 8625: 8578: 8562: 8439:Co-op Solutions 8398: 8362: 8253: 8206: 8194: 8182: 8169: 7980: 7957: 7926: 7920: 7859: 7830: 7818: 7816:Primary sources 7810:Wayback Machine 7777:(Yale UP, 2015) 7730: 7728:Further reading 7725: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7533: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7441: 7437: 7421: 7420: 7413: 7411: 7410:on 24 July 2008 7404:"Archived copy" 7402: 7401: 7397: 7387: 7385: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7361: 7359: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7296: 7292: 7283: 7282: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7199:Wayback Machine 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7104:Wayback Machine 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7002: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6947: 6946: 6942: 6932: 6930: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6906: 6904: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6880: 6878: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6649: 6645: 6635: 6633: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6559:Wayback Machine 6550: 6546: 6536: 6534: 6523: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6391: 6389: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6361:Wayback Machine 6353: 6349: 6344:Wayback Machine 6336: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6319:on 10 June 2011 6311: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6135:on 18 July 2012 6127: 6126: 6122: 6117:Wayback Machine 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5926: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5857:on 27 July 2018 5849: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5793: 5792: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5715:Wayback Machine 5707: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5539: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5357: 5356: 5349: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5253: 5249: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5225:Wayback Machine 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5190: 5189: 5185: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5141:on 22 July 2019 5099: 5095: 5088: 5080:. p. 311. 5068: 5064: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4991:Hewlett-Packard 4980: 4974: 4967: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4898: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4874:SecurityCurrent 4866: 4859: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4695: 4679: 4675: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4596: 4592: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4453: 4449: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4404: 4400: 4391:. 19 May 2010. 4383: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4357: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4293: 4284: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4190: 4188: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4073:, 22 March 1961 4068: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4041:, 12 April 1961 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4005: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3956: 3955: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3921: 3914: 3893: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3858:on 1 March 2014 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3801:Merriam-Webster 3795: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3743:TD Canada Trust 3737: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3675: 3671: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3622:Wayback Machine 3610: 3606: 3595:training.gov.au 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3511: 3503: 3501: 3422: 3344: 3279: 3278: 3260:Too big to fail 3245:Systematic risk 3158:Ethical banking 3148:Cost of capital 3123: 3115: 3114: 3061:Private banking 3031:Islamic banking 3011:Hedge (finance) 2934:Ethical banking 2904:Economic bubble 2879:Climate finance 2854:Bank regulation 2818: 2810: 2809: 2768:Instant payment 2714: 2706: 2705: 2629: 2612: 2611: 2447: 2415: 2413:Related devices 2318:the customer's 2312: 2299:The Real Hustle 2242: 2230:Bill validation 2136:An ATM running 2130: 2114:through the ATM 2059:bar code reader 2002:Concert tickets 1962:current account 1942:bank statements 1912:Bank of England 1892: 1880: 1867: 1813:security guards 1783: 1759: 1715: 1684:trusted systems 1680:cryptoprocessor 1676: 1600: 1589: 1583: 1574: 1572:Impact on labor 1511:, now known as 1497:NCR NDC or NDC+ 1485:Banco do Brasil 1395: 1220: 1150: 1028:, Interswitch, 988:of a number of 970: 959: 953: 950: 907: 905: 895: 883: 872: 776:Hurricane Sandy 744: 692: 639: 622:NCR Corporation 608:In April 1971, 606: 586:Wayback Machine 575:Wayback Machine 564:Wayback Machine 553:Wayback Machine 486: 414: 393: 381:NCR Corporation 248: 224: 76: 69: 62: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10559: 10549: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10487: 10486: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10435: 10425: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10380: 10378:Lucifer cipher 10375: 10370: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10314: 10306: 10304: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10294:Peter R. Voser 10291: 10286: 10281: 10279:Andrew Liveris 10276: 10274:Arvind Krishna 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10250: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10238: 10235:Arvind Krishna 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10177: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10134: 10132: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10036:Smarter Planet 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10001: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9947: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9928:IBM Buildings 9926: 9925: 9924: 9919: 9913:Software Labs 9911: 9910: 9909: 9903: 9902:, Montreal, QC 9893: 9891: 9887: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9869: 9867:Service Bureau 9864: 9859: 9857:Product Center 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9822:Ambra Computer 9819: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9802: 9796: 9794: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9722: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9702: 9701: 9691: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9663: 9662: 9657: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9625:Lotus Software 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9439: 9437: 9430: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9411: 9401: 9395: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9379: 9378: 9371: 9364: 9356: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9341:Acquiring bank 9338: 9332: 9330: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9200: 9198: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9117: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8758: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8717: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8694: 8679: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8656: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8535: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8531: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8492: 8487: 8477: 8476: 8475: 8470: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8370: 8368: 8361: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8337: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8261: 8259: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8225: 8218: 8213: 8201: 8189: 8177: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8145:(Saudi Arabia) 8140: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8046: 8037: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7995: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7972: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7927: 7919: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7896: 7890: 7889: 7883: 7857: 7844: 7843: 7829: 7828:External links 7826: 7825: 7824: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7795: 7788: 7778: 7771: 7761: 7751: 7741: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7705: 7687: 7661: 7630: 7604: 7578: 7543: 7516: 7484: 7454: 7435: 7395: 7369: 7347: 7321: 7290: 7276: 7250: 7228: 7217:on 11 May 2008 7202: 7185: 7155: 7129: 7107: 7090: 7063: 7037: 7015: 6996: 6966: 6955:on 28 May 2009 6940: 6914: 6888: 6862: 6851:on 11 May 2008 6836: 6809: 6783: 6757: 6726: 6700: 6674: 6643: 6617: 6591: 6563: 6544: 6529:. pjstar.com. 6517: 6491: 6465: 6445:www.kansas.gov 6429: 6418:on 12 May 2004 6399: 6373: 6364: 6347: 6330: 6304: 6278: 6252: 6238: 6208: 6178: 6146: 6120: 6103: 6077: 6045: 6021: 5995: 5965: 5939: 5920: 5894: 5868: 5842: 5812: 5783: 5758: 5732: 5718: 5701: 5675: 5649: 5623: 5591: 5566: 5533: 5507: 5481: 5455: 5429: 5397: 5371: 5331: 5310: 5293:Daily Pakistan 5280: 5247: 5229: 5210: 5183: 5161: 5152: 5093: 5086: 5062: 5038: 5011: 4965: 4923: 4916: 4887: 4857: 4814: 4803:. 6 March 2022 4788: 4758: 4732: 4704: 4693: 4673: 4658: 4624: 4590: 4572: 4553: 4537:"Our Heritage" 4528: 4503: 4474: 4447: 4424: 4398: 4376: 4370:978-1935497622 4369: 4348: 4318: 4282: 4260: 4224: 4164: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4101: 4075: 4062: 4043: 4030: 3979: 3946: 3912: 3887: 3869: 3838: 3813: 3788: 3760: 3730: 3700: 3669: 3647: 3625: 3604: 3582: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3467:Key management 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3357:headphone jack 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3328: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3304: 3294: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3225:Public finance 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3133:Bond (finance) 3130: 3124: 3122:Related topics 3121: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3066:Sustainability 3063: 3058: 3053: 3051:Money creation 3048: 3046:Mobile banking 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2713:Funds transfer 2712: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2643:Christmas club 2637: 2636: 2630: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2608:Lists of banks 2605: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2562:Postal savings 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2537:Mutual savings 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2446:Types of banks 2445: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2432: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2411: 2357:tamper evident 2311: 2308: 2241: 2238: 2209:communications 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2090: 2085: 2078: 2072: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2028: 2023: 2020:Postage stamps 2017: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1986: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1958: 1955: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1908:pound sterling 1891: 1888: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1821:New York State 1803:-ATM on wheels 1782: 1779: 1758: 1755: 1714: 1711: 1675: 1672: 1645:Moroccan-Dutch 1608:Wincor Nixdorf 1599: 1596: 1585:Main article: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1551:NCR APTRA Edge 1394: 1391: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1248: 1238: 1219: 1216: 1149: 1146: 1087:ATM Controller 1079:Diebold 1063ix 1060:ATM usage fees 980:An ATM in the 972: 971: 886: 884: 877: 871: 868: 856:Khunjerab Pass 842:Gulf countries 807:grocery stores 803:metro stations 752:Khunjerab Pass 743: 740: 661:Utimaco Atalla 628:Mohamed Atalla 614:microprocessor 605: 602: 485: 482: 470:AEG-Telefunken 392: 389: 367:The idea of a 247: 244: 231:Luther Simjian 223: 220: 183:are known as " 165:cash dispenser 153:any time money 102:Wincor Nixdorf 60: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10558: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10444: 10436: 10434: 10426: 10424: 10416: 10415: 10412: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10368: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10301: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10254:Thomas Buberl 10252: 10251: 10249: 10243: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10229:Ginni Rometty 10227: 10224: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10212: 10209: 10206: 10203: 10200: 10199:Frank T. Cary 10197: 10194: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10129: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10005: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9985:IBM Rochester 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934:, Chicago, IL 9933: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9908:, Atlanta, GA 9907: 9904: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9888: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9726: 9723: 9717: 9707: 9704: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9635:Mashup Center 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9589: 9586: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9460:Power Systems 9458: 9456: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9377: 9372: 9370: 9365: 9363: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9082: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9069: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9012: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8930:Carte Blanche 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913:Defunct cards 8911: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8808: 8805: 8804: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8751: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8729: 8728: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8677: 8672: 8670: 8665: 8663: 8658: 8657: 8654: 8642: 8641: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583:South America 8581: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8461: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407:North America 8405: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8367:International 8365: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8316: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285:(Netherlands) 8284: 8281: 8278: 8275: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8210: 8205: 8202: 8198: 8193: 8190: 8186: 8181: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8120: 8117: 8114: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072:(Philippines) 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7917: 7912: 7910: 7905: 7903: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7878: 7872: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7750: 7749:online review 7746: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7719: 7715: 7709: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7675: 7671: 7665: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7608: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7547: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7439: 7431: 7425: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7357: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7294: 7286: 7280: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7238: 7232: 7216: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7159: 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Bangalore. 5264: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5214: 5199: 5198: 5197:Atlas Obscura 5193: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5156: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5089: 5087:9780191085574 5083: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5052:Computerworld 5048: 5042: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5028:Computerworld 5024: 5018: 5016: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4979: 4972: 4970: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4917:9780191085574 4913: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4875: 4871: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4694:9781602393660 4690: 4686: 4685: 4677: 4669: 4662: 4647: 4643: 4640:(in German). 4639: 4635: 4628: 4613: 4609: 4606:(in German). 4605: 4601: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4413: 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3453: 3450: 3448: 3447:Cash register 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3303: 3295: 3293: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3270:Watered stock 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3250:Systemic risk 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3210:List of banks 3208: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3128:Asset pricing 3126: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 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Opel 10163:Think slogan 10066: 10004:Deep Thunder 9810:Kaleida Labs 9805:AIM alliance 9490:Q System Two 9485:Q System One 9336:Issuing bank 9269: 9121:Grace period 9093:Cash advance 9036:Credit limit 8844:Hyundai Card 8753:Regional and 8633: 8590:Banco24Horas 8109:(Bangladesh) 8000:(Bangladesh) 7864: 7848: 7798: 7791: 7781: 7774: 7764: 7754: 7744: 7734: 7708: 7690: 7678:. Retrieved 7664: 7652:. Retrieved 7648:the original 7643: 7633: 7621:. Retrieved 7617:the original 7607: 7595:. Retrieved 7591:the original 7581: 7569:. Retrieved 7565:the original 7546: 7534:. Retrieved 7530:the original 7519: 7507:. Retrieved 7503:the original 7496: 7487: 7475:. Retrieved 7467:Fast Company 7466: 7457: 7448: 7438: 7412:. Retrieved 7408:the original 7398: 7386:. Retrieved 7382:the original 7372: 7360:. Retrieved 7350: 7338:. Retrieved 7324: 7312:. Retrieved 7303: 7293: 7279: 7267:. Retrieved 7263:the original 7253: 7241:. Retrieved 7231: 7219:. Retrieved 7215:the original 7205: 7188: 7176:. 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Retrieved 3563: 3557: 3487:Self service 3482:RAS syndrome 3407: 3400: 3391:cashless ATM 3390: 3386: 3384: 3377: 3349: 3183:participants 3056:Pension fund 2864:Asset growth 2859:Bank secrecy 2843: 2734:Bill payment 2653:Money-market 2623: 2606: 2487:Credit union 2407: 2403: 2395: 2391:Chip and PIN 2385: 2350: 2346:card cloning 2345: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2313: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2280: 2277: 2234: 2217: 2213: 2182: 2174:denomination 2171: 2159: 2147: 2117: 2084:legislation. 2063: 2055:South Korean 2044: 1994:mobile phone 1973: 1932: 1918:on the right 1881: 1868: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1832:silent alarm 1829: 1825: 1806: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1739: 1732: 1727:palm scanner 1688: 1677: 1668: 1661: 1658: 1650:leaf blowers 1642: 1626: 1624: 1616: 1590: 1575: 1567: 1544: 1536: 1525: 1506: 1467: 1463:RISKS Digest 1455: 1443:Windows 2000 1428: 1416: 1413:, Berkshire. 1388: 1380: 1355: 1348: 1326: 1322: 1307: 1279:Function key 1229: 1208: 1200: 1193: 1181:Siam Paragon 1139: 1084: 1064: 1057: 1046: 999: 960: 951: 941: 934: 927: 920: 908: 896:Please help 891:verification 888: 853: 850: 839: 827: 821:and on some 819:cruise ships 811:gas stations 784: 733: 729: 725:Diebold 10xx 719:, IBM 3614, 701: 669:plastic card 654: 626: 607: 543: 535: 514: 499: 458:West Germany 455: 439: 406: 394: 373:Smiths Group 366: 350:Midland Bank 320: 305: 269: 249: 240: 228: 225: 213: 192:bank deposit 189: 176: 172: 168: 164: 161:tyme machine 160: 156: 152: 148: 145:cash machine 144: 140: 136: 130: 113: 109: 107: 77: 58: 46: 37:This is the 31: 10478:Typewriters 10384:Mathematica 10325:Rugby union 10264:Alex Gorsky 10231:(2012–2020) 10225:(2002–2011) 10219:(1993–2002) 10213:(1985–1993) 10207:(1981–1985) 10201:(1973–1981) 10195:(1971–1973) 10189:(1956–1971) 10183:(1914–1956) 10131:Terminology 10087:Floppy disk 10031:SkillsBuild 9994:Initiatives 9975:IBM Hursley 9949:Facilities 9600:Connections 9470:FlashSystem 9188:Card scheme 9171:Interchange 8935:Carte Bleue 8807:Diners Club 8698:Major cards 8691:debit cards 8602:A Toda Hora 8598:(Argentina) 8524:Cardtronics 8312:Carte Bleue 8207: [ 8195: [ 8183: [ 8170: [ 8121:(Sri Lanka) 8088:(Hong Kong) 8051:(Singapore) 8021:ATM Bersama 8017:(Indonesia) 7773:Bessen, J. 7680:11 February 7623:11 February 7597:11 February 7571:11 February 7536:11 February 7509:11 February 7477:11 February 7388:11 February 7362:11 February 7340:11 February 7314:11 February 7269:11 February 7243:11 February 7221:11 February 7178:11 February 7083:11 February 7056:11 February 7030:15 February 6989:11 February 6959:11 February 6933:11 February 6907:11 February 6881:11 February 6855:11 February 6829:11 February 6802:11 February 6776:11 February 6719:11 February 6693:11 February 6667:11 February 6631:MarketWatch 6610:11 February 6537:11 February 6510:11 February 6484:11 February 6458:14 December 6392:11 February 6323:11 February 6297:11 February 6271:11 February 6171:11 February 6139:11 February 6070:11 February 6010:. 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