420:
452:
432:
29:
222:, with an incidence of fewer than 2 cases per 100,000 people per year in the United States. It is particularly common in central and South America, central and eastern Europe, Japan and northern India; it is also common in certain ethnic groups e.g. Native American Indians and Hispanics. If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the
261:. Porcelain gallbladder is also rare. Some studies indicate that people with porcelain gallbladder have a high risk of developing gallbladder cancer, but other studies question this. The outlook is poor for recovery if the cancer is found after symptoms have started to occur, with a 5-year survival rate of close to 3%.
506:
may also be used with surgery. If gallbladder cancer is diagnosed after cholecystectomy for stone disease (incidental cancer), re-operation to remove part of liver and lymph nodes is required in most cases. When it is done as early as possible, patients have the best chance of long-term survival and
326:
states that in the presence of a palpably enlarged gallbladder which is nontender and accompanied with mild painless jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones. This implicates possible malignancy of the gallbladder or pancreas, and the swelling is unlikely due to gallstones due to the chronic
493:
in the vicinity are also removed. Sometimes removal of a large part of the liver called hepatectomy is required to completely remove the tumor. The bile duct if involved also needs to be removed. However, with gallbladder cancer's extremely poor prognosis, most patients will die within a year of
576:. The tumors in about 25% of patients with biliary tract cancer have some form of DNA damage repair deficiency. Knowledge of such deficiencies can be exploited to potentially increase response to treatment strategies that are currently available such as
989:
Duffy, A.; Capanu, M.; Abou-Alfa, G. K.; Huitzil, D.; Jarnagin, W.; Fong, Y.; D'Angelica, M.; Dematteo, R. P.; Blumgart, L. H. (2008-12-01). "Gallbladder cancer (GBC): 10-year experience at
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC)".
1386:
Lamarca A, Barriuso J, McNamara MG, Valle JW. Biliary Tract Cancer: State of the Art and potential role of DNA Damage Repair. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018 Nov;70:168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.09.002. Epub 2018 Sep 8. PMID
1442:
1423:
374:
Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be associated with gallbladder cancer; however, existing genetic studies in GBC susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any
331:, published in Germany in 1890, were not originally cited as a law, and no mention of malignancy or pain (tenderness) was made. These points are commonly misquoted or confused in the medical literature.
431:
419:
1045:
948:
Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Mittal B. Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mutat Res. 2011 Jul–Oct;728(1–2):67–79.
477:
which mimics gallbladder cancer although it is not cancerous. It was first discovered and reported in the medical literature in 1976 by J.J. McCoy Jr., and colleagues.
409:, and MR cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) can be used for diagnosis. A large number of gallbladder cancers are found incidentally in patients being evaluated for
530:
Gallbladder cancer is more common in South
American countries, Japan, and Israel; in Chile, gallbladder cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths.
1507:
393:
Early diagnosis is not generally possible. People at high risk, such as women or Native
Americans with gallstones, are evaluated closely. Transabdominal
1121:
Rao RV, Kumar A, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK (2005). "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: differentiation from associated gall bladder carcinoma".
485:
If detected early in a stage where it has not spread, gallbladder cancer can be treated by surgery. Surgery for gallbladder cancer is called radical
451:
498:
or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) of the biliary tree can reduce jaundice and a stent in the stomach may relieve vomiting.
413:, or gallstone formation, which is far more common. A biopsy is the only certain way to tell whether or not the tumorous growth is malignant.
1738:
489:
or extended cholecystectomy. It entails the removal of gallbladder along with adequate removal of its liver bed to the healthy tissue. The
1244:
1227:
1614:
1041:
1763:
660:
1500:
1323:
National Cancer
Registry Programme (2013).Three-year report of population based cancer registries:2009-2011. NCDIR-ICMR, Bangalore.
327:
inflammation associated with gallstones leading to a shrunken, non-distensible gallbladder. However, the original observations of
1988:
608:
371:
carriers have 3 to 200 times higher risk of gallbladder cancer than non-carriers and 1–6% lifetime risk of development of cancer
1848:
568:
A better understanding of the biology of biliary tract cancers, including gallbladder cancer, is being achieved by advances in
933:
628:
1533:
1148:
McCoy JJ, Vila R, Petrossian G, McCall RA, Reddy KS (March 1976). "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Report of two cases".
1072:"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET"
2058:
2037:
1993:
1493:
539:
The age adjusted incidence rates of gallbladder cancer is highest in Chile, followed by in the state of Assam in India
1600:
1896:
470:
2063:
1998:
1801:
1758:
1729:
358:
1175:
824:
Fitzgerald, J Edward F; White
Matthew J; Lobo Dileep N (Apr 2009). "Courvoisier's gallbladder: law or sign?".
1709:
1200:
881:
Folseraas, T; Boberg, KM (February 2016). "Cancer Risk and
Surveillance in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis".
2027:
1701:
1524:
1967:
1743:
1719:
646:
1400:
1983:
1724:
1705:
1578:
1891:
1820:
1516:
569:
527:
Gallbladder cancer is relatively rare, affecting fewer than 5000 people in the United States per year
745:
680:
315:
Early symptoms mimic gallbladder inflammation due to gallstones. Later, the symptoms may be that of
253:
It is a rare cancer that is thought to be related to gallstones building up, which also can lead to
2068:
1843:
1697:
1457:
826:
328:
744:
Henley, S. Jane; Weir, Hannah K.; Jim, Melissa A.; Watson, Meg; Richardson, Lisa C. (2018-09-27).
572:. This research is providing insight into deficiencies in the tumor cell's ability to accurately
2032:
1781:
1550:
190:
108:
83:
1873:
1661:
1623:
536:
Up to 5 times more common in women than men depending on population (e.g. 73% female in China)
154:
340:
Gender— approximately twice as common in women than men, usually in seventh and eighth decades
1733:
258:
697:
Henley, S. Jane; Weir, Hannah K.; Jim, Melissa A.; Watson, Meg; Richardson, Lisa C. (2015).
1878:
323:
134:
8:
1446:
495:
474:
1920:
1860:
1689:
1685:
1361:
1334:
1301:
1276:
1098:
1071:
1023:
863:
773:
726:
54:
2005:
1957:
1948:
1671:
1573:
1542:
1468:
1366:
1306:
1257:
1249:
1157:
1130:
1103:
1015:
1007:
965:
929:
898:
855:
847:
806:
765:
718:
503:
174:
141:
36:
1451:
1277:"Gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in China"
1027:
867:
1806:
1680:
1595:
1583:
1356:
1346:
1296:
1288:
1239:
1093:
1083:
999:
921:
890:
839:
757:
710:
368:
294:
160:
41:
777:
761:
730:
714:
698:
1648:
1631:
1462:
647:"Types of gallbladder cancer | Gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK"
486:
442:
247:
925:
1962:
1925:
1855:
1753:
1693:
1636:
1565:
1555:
1473:
1245:
10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<171::AID-CNCR2820751306>3.0.CO;2-2
516:
458:
438:
353:
104:
59:
1351:
894:
843:
2052:
1906:
1588:
1485:
1253:
1011:
851:
835:
585:
520:
349:
254:
1436:
1432:
1401:
U.S. National Cancer
Institute Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (www.cancer.gov)
1868:
1370:
1310:
1292:
1134:
1107:
1019:
966:"Gallbladder Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal"
902:
859:
810:
797:
Kapoor VK, McMichael AJ (2003). "Gallbladder cancer: an 'Indian' disease".
769:
722:
581:
577:
499:
178:
1261:
1161:
1933:
1886:
1829:
1773:
665:
613:
490:
299:
273:
223:
124:
1088:
2019:
573:
402:
394:
231:
130:
44:
1415:
1003:
823:
1915:
1838:
1656:
699:"Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011"
548:
The prognosis still remains poor. The cancer commonly spreads to the
410:
316:
277:
239:
185:
147:
1978:
1335:"Gallbladder carcinoma: Prognostic factors and therapeutic options"
557:
308:
304:
289:
243:
235:
75:
63:
47:
384:
Congenital abnormalities of the bile duct such as choledochal cyst
916:
Ferreccio, C. (2012). "Salmonella typhi and
Gallbladder Cancer".
553:
398:
364:
343:
170:
28:
1427:
219:
71:
1070:
Makino I, Yamaguchi T, Sato N, Yasui T, Kita I (August 2009).
549:
227:
67:
661:"Gallbladder cancer - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic"
425:
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma lymphatic invasion histopathology
1975:
1228:"Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas"
988:
283:
1147:
406:
1069:
1275:
Hsing AW, Gao YT, Han TQ, et al. (December 2007).
692:
690:
1201:"Gallbladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version"
1405:
1120:
746:"CDC - Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Death Rates"
687:
743:
696:
381:Calcified gallbladder wall (porcelain gallbladder)
146:Blood tests, medical imaging, examination of the
2050:
750:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
703:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
603:
601:
880:
796:
246:and vomiting occur, and it has spread to other
1515:
1382:
1380:
1225:
1501:
1226:Carriaga, M. T.; Henson, D. E. (1995-01-01).
909:
874:
598:
437:Incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer (
1377:
1274:
1176:"Cholecystectomy: Approaches and Technique"
1065:
1063:
88:Cancer spreading to other parts of the body
78:, although some people may have no symptoms
1508:
1494:
609:"Gallbladder cancer - Symptoms and causes"
27:
1764:Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
1360:
1350:
1300:
1243:
1097:
1087:
915:
465:
257:of the gallbladder, a condition known as
1060:
1989:Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
1141:
533:5th most common gastrointestinal cancer
2051:
1332:
473:cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare form of
270:Steady pain in the upper right abdomen
1489:
1114:
960:
958:
956:
954:
629:"Risk Factors for Gallbladder Cancer"
494:surgery. If surgery is not possible,
264:
1180:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1048:from the original on 10 October 2011
2038:Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
13:
1739:Polymerase proofreading-associated
1268:
951:
367:infection of gallbladder; chronic
14:
2080:
1601:Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
1394:
1339:World Journal of Gastroenterology
681:"Gallbladder Cancer - Statistics"
1897:Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
1333:Goetze, T.O (21 November 2015).
450:
430:
418:
1326:
1317:
1219:
1193:
1168:
1034:
982:
942:
574:repair damages in their own DNA
510:
334:
234:. Most often it is found after
1999:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm
1802:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
1759:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1042:"Tests for gallbladder cancer"
817:
790:
737:
673:
653:
639:
621:
359:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
1:
1807:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)
762:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0199
715:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0199
591:
519:, with a small percent being
159:Other types of cancer in the
2028:Primary peritoneal carcinoma
1702:traditional serrated adenoma
992:Journal of Surgical Oncology
543:
480:
388:
209:~2,000 deaths per year (USA)
7:
1968:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
926:10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_5
563:
457:Gallbladder adenocarcinoma
201:~3,700 cases per year (USA)
70:, Unexplained weight loss,
10:
2085:
2059:Digestive system neoplasia
1984:Serous microcystic adenoma
1579:Signet ring cell carcinoma
1517:Digestive system neoplasia
193:~19% (USA) (January, 2020)
2018:
1947:
1905:
1892:Focal nodular hyperplasia
1828:
1819:
1794:
1772:
1670:
1647:
1622:
1613:
1564:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1409:
1352:10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12211
1205:National Cancer Institute
895:10.1016/j.cld.2015.08.014
844:10.1007/s00268-008-9908-y
319:and stomach obstruction.
218:is a relatively uncommon
205:
197:
184:
166:
153:
140:
123:
115:
100:
92:
82:
53:
35:
26:
21:
1994:Mucinous cystic neoplasm
1844:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1698:sessile serrated adenoma
883:Clinics in Liver Disease
827:World Journal of Surgery
329:Ludwig Georg Courvoisier
2033:Peritoneal mesothelioma
1782:Squamous cell carcinoma
1551:Squamous cell carcinoma
191:Five-year survival rate
109:Squamous cell carcinoma
1874:Hepatocellular adenoma
1662:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
1293:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604047
1076:World J. Gastroenterol
1044:. Cancer Research UK.
466:Differential diagnosis
155:Differential diagnosis
2064:Gallbladder disorders
259:porcelain gallbladder
76:Yellowing of the skin
1879:Cavernous hemangioma
1730:Familial adenomatous
1717:Polyposis syndromes:
1238:(1 Suppl): 171–190.
920:. pp. 117–137.
135:Gallbladder diseases
1345:(43): 12211–12217.
1089:10.3748/wjg.15.3691
918:Bacteria and Cancer
496:endoscopic stenting
475:gallbladder disease
471:Xanthogranulomatous
250:such as the liver.
1939:Gallbladder cancer
1921:Cholangiocarcinoma
1861:Liver angiosarcoma
1795:Upper and/or lower
1744:Serrated polyposis
1123:Trop Gastroenterol
378:Gallbladder polyps
311:due to obstruction
265:Signs and symptoms
216:Gallbladder cancer
96:Above 65 years old
22:Gallbladder cancer
2046:
2045:
2014:
2013:
2006:Pancreatoblastoma
1958:exocrine pancreas
1815:
1814:
1790:
1789:
1609:
1608:
1574:Gastric carcinoma
1483:
1482:
1004:10.1002/jso.21141
970:Dr.Nikhil Agrawal
935:978-94-007-2584-3
570:genomic profiling
324:Courvoisier's law
213:
212:
175:Radiation therapy
142:Diagnostic method
16:Medical condition
2076:
1826:
1825:
1725:MUTYH-associated
1710:Cronkhite–Canada
1681:Colorectal polyp
1620:
1619:
1596:Linitis plastica
1584:Gastric lymphoma
1539:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1407:
1406:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1247:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1031:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
962:
949:
946:
940:
939:
913:
907:
906:
878:
872:
871:
821:
815:
814:
799:Natl Med J India
794:
788:
787:
785:
784:
756:(9): 1319–1326.
741:
735:
734:
709:(9): 1319–1326.
694:
685:
684:
677:
671:
670:
657:
651:
650:
643:
637:
636:
625:
619:
618:
605:
515:Most tumors are
454:
434:
422:
369:Salmonella typhi
295:Loss of appetite
161:Digestive system
42:Gastroenterology
31:
19:
18:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2069:Types of cancer
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2010:
1943:
1901:
1811:
1786:
1768:
1666:
1643:
1632:Duodenal cancer
1624:Small intestine
1605:
1560:
1519:
1514:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1418:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1287:(11): 1577–82.
1273:
1269:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1207:. 24 March 2004
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1150:J S C Med Assoc
1146:
1142:
1119:
1115:
1068:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1035:
987:
983:
974:
972:
964:
963:
952:
947:
943:
936:
914:
910:
879:
875:
822:
818:
795:
791:
782:
780:
742:
738:
695:
688:
683:. 25 June 2012.
679:
678:
674:
659:
658:
654:
645:
644:
640:
627:
626:
622:
607:
606:
599:
594:
566:
546:
517:adenocarcinomas
513:
487:cholecystectomy
483:
468:
461:
455:
446:
443:cholecystectomy
435:
426:
423:
391:
337:
267:
230:and associated
107:(most common),
17:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1963:Adenocarcinoma
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1926:Klatskin tumor
1923:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1856:Hepatoblastoma
1853:
1852:
1851:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Adenocarcinoma
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:Adenocarcinoma
1628:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1556:Adenocarcinoma
1553:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1439:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:Classification
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:External links
1393:
1390:
1389:
1376:
1325:
1316:
1267:
1218:
1192:
1167:
1140:
1113:
1082:(29): 3691–3.
1059:
1033:
998:(7): 485–489.
981:
950:
941:
934:
908:
873:
816:
789:
736:
686:
672:
652:
638:
633:www.cancer.org
620:
596:
595:
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541:
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531:
528:
512:
509:
482:
479:
467:
464:
463:
462:
459:histopathology
456:
449:
447:
441:) following a
439:adenocarcinoma
436:
429:
427:
424:
417:
411:cholelithiasis
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
372:
361:
356:
354:cholelithiasis
346:
341:
336:
333:
313:
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302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
271:
266:
263:
226:, part of the
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163:
157:
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150:
144:
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127:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
105:Adenocarcinoma
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
60:Abdominal pain
57:
51:
50:
39:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
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2039:
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2023:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
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1995:
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1981:
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1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1907:Biliary tract
1904:
1898:
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1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
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1850:
1849:Fibrolamellar
1847:
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1706:Peutz–Jeghers
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1589:MALT lymphoma
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1281:Br. J. Cancer
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837:
836:United States
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829:
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820:
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804:
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586:immunotherapy
583:
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555:
552:, bile duct,
551:
538:
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521:squamous cell
518:
508:
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350:cholecystitis
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255:calcification
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84:Complications
81:
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61:
58:
56:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1974:
1956:
1938:
1932:
1914:
1885:
1867:
1837:
1750:
1716:
1690:hyperplastic
1679:
1672:Colon/rectum
1467:
1456:
1441:
1422:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1319:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1079:
1075:
1052:17 September
1050:. Retrieved
1036:
995:
991:
984:
973:. Retrieved
969:
944:
917:
911:
889:(1): 79–98.
886:
882:
876:
831:
825:
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798:
792:
781:. Retrieved
753:
749:
739:
706:
702:
675:
664:
655:
641:
632:
623:
612:
582:radiotherapy
578:chemotherapy
567:
547:
523:carcinomas.
514:
511:Epidemiology
500:Chemotherapy
484:
469:
392:
335:Risk factors
321:
314:
252:
215:
214:
179:Chemotherapy
125:Risk factors
1934:gallbladder
1887:hyperplasia
1156:(3): 78–9.
1129:(1): 31–3.
666:Mayo Clinic
614:Mayo Clinic
507:even cure.
491:lymph nodes
375:association
300:Weight loss
274:Indigestion
232:lymph nodes
224:gallbladder
129:History of
111:(more rare)
93:Usual onset
2053:Categories
2020:Peritoneum
1469:DiseasesDB
975:2020-10-11
838:: 886–91.
783:2018-12-10
592:References
403:ultrasound
395:ultrasound
133:and other
131:Gallstones
45:Hepatology
1979:neoplasms
1916:bile duct
1839:malignant
1821:Accessory
1751:Neoplasm:
1734:Gardner's
1657:Carcinoid
1543:Esophagus
1254:0008-543X
1012:1096-9098
852:0364-2313
544:Prognosis
504:radiation
481:Treatment
389:Diagnosis
322:Of note,
278:dyspepsia
240:abdominal
198:Frequency
186:Prognosis
167:Treatment
148:Bile duct
37:Specialty
1949:Pancreas
1720:Juvenile
1694:juvenile
1649:Appendix
1525:GI tract
1387:30218788
1371:26604631
1311:18000509
1135:15974235
1108:19653352
1046:Archived
1028:43595860
1020:18802958
903:26593292
868:21799234
860:19190960
811:14606770
770:26070529
723:26070529
564:Research
558:duodenum
363:Chronic
348:Chronic
309:vomiting
305:Jaundice
290:Weakness
244:jaundice
238:such as
236:symptoms
64:Bloating
55:Symptoms
48:Oncology
1686:adenoma
1566:Stomach
1463:D005706
1362:4649107
1302:2360257
1262:8000995
1162:1063276
1099:2721248
554:stomach
399:CT scan
365:typhoid
344:Obesity
317:biliary
284:Bilious
171:Surgery
119:Unknown
1976:cystic
1869:benign
1369:
1359:
1309:
1299:
1260:
1252:
1232:Cancer
1211:8 July
1185:8 July
1160:
1133:
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778:886615
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731:886615
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556:, and
248:organs
242:pain,
220:cancer
206:Deaths
116:Causes
72:Nausea
1830:Liver
1615:Lower
1534:Upper
1474:30714
1024:S2CID
864:S2CID
834:(4).
774:S2CID
727:S2CID
584:, or
550:liver
286:vomit
228:liver
101:Types
68:Fever
1774:Anus
1458:MeSH
1447:9-CM
1367:PMID
1307:PMID
1258:PMID
1250:ISSN
1213:2021
1187:2021
1158:PMID
1131:PMID
1104:PMID
1054:2012
1016:PMID
1008:ISSN
930:ISBN
899:PMID
856:PMID
848:ISSN
807:PMID
766:PMID
719:PMID
502:and
352:and
307:and
1452:156
1443:ICD
1437:C24
1433:C23
1424:ICD
1357:PMC
1347:doi
1297:PMC
1289:doi
1240:doi
1094:PMC
1084:doi
1000:doi
922:doi
891:doi
840:doi
758:doi
711:doi
407:MRI
2055::
1982::
1708:,
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