366:), which have been widely-adopted elsewhere, with merchants citing the cost of upgrading hardware and other systems to support it. Work to encourage transition began in 2015 following a series of high-profile retail data breaches involving credit card data, as well as increased frustration by travelers who found themselves increasingly inconvenienced when travelling abroad where they have phased out the magnetic stripe or where automated kiosks abroad would not accept non-EMV chipped cards. Payment providers implemented deadlines under which liability for fraud would shift to merchants if they did not begin accepting EMV payments by a specific date. As of April 2016, 70% of U.S. consumers had EMV cards, and around half of merchants were EMV compliant as of December 2016. However, the rollout has faced challenges, including merchants with EMV-compatible hardware that do not support EMV transactions due to a lack of certification or software support, and complaints that chip-based transactions took more time to process than swipe cards.
242:("light cars") are small four-wheeled vehicles/cars that have an engine of less than 660cc and enjoy preferential treatment in the form of tax advantages and lower insurance costs. Originally the Japanese government encouraged the use of those "light cars". This category of cars features a number of different car types including sport cars, minivans and commercial vehicles. However, Kei cars are not seen as profitable in export markets and therefore are only part of the Japanese automobile market. Despite no significant global success, major Japanese car manufacturers such as Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu and Honda still produce models belonging to the Kei car category.
326:
this could be beneficial for domestic producers. However, this could also lead to an isolation of the respective domestic producers due to less international competitiveness. "China has made the development of indigenous technology standards ... a core component of its industrial development strategy. ... But, by using indigenous rather than global technology standards for ICT products, China risks engendering a 'Galapagos Island' effect that isolates
Chinese ICT products, technologies, and markets."
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27:
112:. Darwin stated that due to the differences in environment from one island to another, species adapted to make survival more viable in the local environment of each island. Similarly, a development of goods "in relative isolation from the rest of the world because of a focus on the local market" can lead to similarly differing products.
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enhance the Galápagos effect due to a lack of interest in international education and work placements. Kiyoshi
Takeuchi, sociology professor at the Sophia university, describes the young generation to have less "ambition and motivation" as a result from the fear that a wrong move could have negative effects.
347:
happened isolated and differently than in any other political system in the world. "Europe might now be facing its own 'Galápagos moment.' ... It may be that Europe’s postmodern order has become so advanced and particular to its environment that it is impossible for others to follow. It evolved in a
306:
With the ageing and shrinking
Japanese population, the fact that fewer and fewer students study abroad to acquire a more internationally oriented university education is reason for concerns over the future of the Japanese economy. Furthermore, there is a conception that the younger generation could
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points out is the need for
Japanese companies to adapt to stronger competition when entering global markets. This should be done by accepting to think in "new and unfamiliar ways about organization, marketing, and strategy", whilst the traditional practices that helped the companies to become a big
210:
do not accept bank and credit cards that have been issued outside of the country. According to an April 2022 article, only about 20,000 post offices and convenience stores allow retrieving cash using non-Japanese bank cards. The
Japanese government has expressed concern about this issue, and as a
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describe a similar phenomenon pointing out associated threats this could mean for the
Chinese economy. The selling of a product in China could become more expensive for foreign producers due to the fact that they now have to incorporate the Chinese technology standards into their firm. In theory,
276:
made
English the main language to be spoken in the company. Gerhard Fasol, the only European member of Euro Technology Japan's "Galapagos study group", stated that another reason for the non-success of some innovative Japanese products is Europe's conservative standpoint when it comes to certain
149:
that were widely adopted in the
Japanese market, but were unsuccessful abroad. While the original usage of the term was to describe highly advanced phones that were incompatible outside of Japanese networks, as the mobile phone industry underwent drastic changes globally, the term was used to
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250:
There are many associated issues with the inability to compete on the international export market. In order to revive the parts of the
Japanese economy that have suffered from the "Galápagosization", affected businesses had to find the reasons responsible for the development.
198:, explained, "Japan's cellphones are like the endemic species that Darwin encountered on the Galápagos Islands—fantastically evolved and divergent from their mainland cousins." "Japanese phones suffer from 'Galapagos Syndrome'—are too complex to survive abroad."
272:, sees the exclusive use of Japanese in workplaces at the centre of the problem. Following his belief that "a language will open your eyes to the 'global', and you will break free from this conventional wisdom of a pure Japan", the co-founder and CEO of
1026:"Children fear that in a society with a widening gap between the rich and the poor, making a big mistake will prevent them from moving up in the world, which diminishes their ambition and motivation"
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The Galápagosization of Japan continues. According to a survey released today, a shocking two-thirds of the country’s white-collar workers said they didn’t want to work abroad ... ever.
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outside the field of business jargon. The term "Galápagosization", referring to the process of the isolation of
Japanese "Galápagos-thinking", links this process to the Japanese
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223:
alongside numerous other applications. In some ways the wallet phone can be seen as a predecessor of mobile payment tools that were later released on the global market such as
150:
emphasize the associated anxiety about how the development of Japanese mobile phones and those in the worldwide economy went along different paths. A derived term is Gara-phone
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is a term of Japanese origin used in business studies to refer to an isolated development branch of a globally available product. The term is used as an analogy to a part of
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285:, has decided to change the way the firm works against classical Japanese business methods. A shift of the production of some textiles out of Japan to
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isolated flora and fauna, which had undergone evolutionary changes independently from the mainland. This phenomenon was a key to the development of
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was a move to the low-wage-labour market, that aimed to enable them to compete on price in the international textile market. Another factor which
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have a link to the total value of exports increasing over the past five years, there are concerns about the future Galápagosization of Japan.
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article, American-made cars suffered from the Galapagos syndrome, as they evolved separately from those of the global marketplace.
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510:"Hugh Ashton "Japan's Galapagos Effect" | ACCJ Journal (Journal of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan) on 15 January 2011"
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player in the Japanese market shall be discontinued. Despite the fact that companies have started to address the issue, which
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1056:"The Middle Kingdom Galapagos Island Syndrome: The Cul-De-Sac of Chinese Technology Standards | ITIF"
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1086:"Chinese tech firms can avoid the Galapagos effect that got Japan|Chris Davis|chinadaily.com.cn"
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protective ecosystem, shielded from the more muscular, "modern" world where most people live."
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Furthermore, this has led a number of Japanese companies to adapt their business strategies.
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480:"Because of "Galapagos syndrome," most of Japan's cash machines are useless to foreigners"
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ACCJ Journal, reproduced by kind permission of ACCJ at: Eurotechnology Japan KK
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describes threats of how, against the predictions he made in 2005 in his book
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The term "Galápagos syndrome" was originally coined to refer to Japanese 3G
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standards. In the belief that it will improve international competitiveness
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result the number of ATMs that accept foreign cards is slowly increasing.
756:. Minster Lovell & New Yatt, Oxfordshire, UK: Bookmarque Publishing.
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191:
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In 2004, the wallet phone was introduced in Japan as a means to allow
224:
1198:"The EMV chip credit card transition in the US has been a disaster"
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1173:"What happened after the US moved to chip-embedded payment cards?"
540:"Is 'Galapagos-thinking' Japan back at its evolutionary dead end?"
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Reasons for the issue and associated implications for businesses
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875:"Japan Galapagos effect. How to capture global value for Japan"
1147:"Is the rocky road to EMV retail adoption getting smoother?"
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standard for credit and debit cards (as opposed to swiped
359:
775:"Galapagos effect – how can Japan capture global value?"
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Usage of the term referring to instances outside Japan
1305:
724:"Wallet phone Japan and the mobile payment ecosystem"
806:"Japan's Workers: Please Don't Send Me Abroad. Ever"
145:, which had developed a large number of specialized
1301:Japan's Under-used Economic Engine – The Internet?
1228:"The Plan to Make Chip Credit Cards Less Annoying"
115:The term "Galápagos syndrome" has been used as a
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965:"Trade Statistics of Japan Ministry of Finance"
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159:
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16:Term in business studies on product development
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448:"Why Japan's Cellphones Haven't Gone Global"
206:Across Japan, the majority of the 190,000
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64:Learn how and when to remove this message
358:The United States was slow to adopt the
246:Handling the Japanese Galápagos syndrome
194:. Takeshi Natsuno, professor at Tokyo's
804:Sanchanta, Mariko (16 September 2010).
442:
1330:
996:"Who will look after Japan's elderly?"
945:from the original on 18 September 2015
816:from the original on 18 September 2010
1096:from the original on 29 November 2015
975:from the original on 22 February 2016
855:from the original on 22 February 2016
734:from the original on 21 November 2015
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436:
1289:"Slowing Japan's Galapagos Syndrome"
1126:from the original on 1 February 2016
785:from the original on 8 November 2015
704:from the original on 31 October 2015
674:from the original on 15 January 2010
636:"Slowing Japan's Galapagos Syndrome"
570:"island mentality - The Japan Times"
341:Why Europe Will Run the 21st Century
126:
20:
1208:from the original on 6 October 2018
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1066:from the original on 2 October 2015
1006:from the original on 9 October 2015
885:from the original on 5 January 2016
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460:from the original on 20 August 2017
343:, the political development of the
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1238:from the original on 5 August 2017
1153:from the original on 27 March 2017
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935:"Japan's globalization imperative"
520:from the original on 12 April 2016
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36:tone or style may not reflect the
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1036:from the original on 4 March 2016
915:from the original on 4 March 2016
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648:from the original on 24 May 2010
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46:guide to writing better articles
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1358:Science and technology in Japan
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168:, blending with "mobile phone"
1:
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131:
1258:"Industry follows the money"
994:Oi, Mariko (16 March 2015).
268:, CEO of e-commerce company
186:, used to refer to Japanese
104:. Darwin encountered in the
7:
1116:"Europe's Galápagos moment"
905:"Globalisierung: Tabubruch"
421:World famous in New Zealand
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369:According to a March 2008
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190:, by contrast with newer
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101:On the Origin of Species
810:The Wall Street Journal
1348:Economic globalization
670:. The Daily Tech Log.
291:McKinsey & Company
257:
1363:Technology neologisms
1090:usa.chinadaily.com.cn
386:Big in Japan (phrase)
364:magnetic stripe cards
253:
92:, / Galápagos effect)
1062:. 15 December 2014.
879:Eurotechnology Japan
779:Eurotechnology Japan
752:Rees, Chris (1995).
728:Eurotechnology Japan
668:"Galápagos syndrome"
401:In-group favouritism
1338:Business journalism
1294:The Huffington Post
698:www.japan-guide.com
608:. 19 October 2009.
546:. 23 January 2011.
110:evolutionary theory
881:. 7 October 2013.
837:"Hiroshi Mikitani"
516:. 7 October 2013.
323:Robert D. Atkinson
321:Stephen Ezell and
77:Galápagos syndrome
1145:Goldman, Sharon.
1122:. 30 April 2015.
969:www.customs.go.jp
634:(29 April 2010).
416:Not invented here
127:Examples in Japan
106:Galápagos Islands
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40:used on Knowledge
38:encyclopedic tone
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1234:. 17 July 2017.
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446:(19 July 2009).
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266:Hiroshi Mikitani
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730:. 18 May 2014.
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694:"ATMs in Japan"
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486:. 27 May 2015.
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391:Commoditization
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235:Kei cars (軽自動車)
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1120:www.ecfr.eu
1030:Japan Today
909:www.wiwo.de
1332:Categories
1130:2 November
1100:2 November
1070:2 November
1040:2 November
1010:2 November
979:2 November
949:2 November
919:2 November
889:2 November
859:1 November
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738:1 November
708:31 October
584:2 November
554:2 November
494:31 October
427:References
132:Technology
1322:Economics
1212:6 October
1182:6 October
849:0307-1766
225:Apple Pay
1242:5 August
1236:Archived
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