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Furlough

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3088: 36: 135:") is a temporary cessation of paid employment that is intended to address the special needs of a company or employer; these needs may be due to economic conditions that affect a specific employer, or to those prevailing in society as a whole. Furloughs may be short-term or long-term. They are also known as temporary layoffs. 244:
Later, on October 1, 2013, at 12:01 am EDT, Congress' inability to agree on a spending bill led to a government shutdown. During the shutdown, most "non-essential" government employees were furloughed. This resulted in approximately 800,000 government workers being put on a leave beginning
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suspension of operations" or if the said individual should fulfill a military or civic duty. The Labor Code emphasizes that the employment status of a furloughed employee is not terminated. Employees under "floating status" do not render actual work and thus do not receive any salary. However an
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or temporary layoff time off based on a company-planned schedule. For example, with a "work three weeks, off one week" schedule, a company's workforce is divided into four groups. Each group, in turn, takes a week off on furlough while the remainder work. It can also refer to a vacation from
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Board members of various school districts as well as universities implemented "furlough days" in 2009. This made students pay the same rate, if not more, for their education while providing fewer educational days by forcing educators and staff members to take the day off. In states such as
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issued an order allowing furloughed employees to be extended for a year provided there is mutual agreement between the employer and employee and for employees to look for alternative temporary work without losing their employment status with their original employer.
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and the Reserves were affected. The initial furlough requirement was 176 working hours per affected employee, which was later cut to 88 hours. Due to cost-cutting measures in other areas, this furlough was further reduced to a total of 48 working hours per
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was used until at least 1908 to describe military personnel home on leave. It was also widely used by religious groups in the twentieth century to refer to the periods when their missionaries returned to the UK on long leave.
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system. The furloughs, intended to prevent layoffs, began in August 2009, and ended in June 2010. The 10% cut saved about $ 270 million of the CSU's $ 564 million budget deficit.
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until March 1, when this law went into effect. At that time, most federal departments and agencies began furloughing their employees in order to meet their spending cut targets. For the
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introduced what was described as a "furlough" programme to support employers and workers. For many years the term "furlough" had been very little known in the United Kingdom, and many
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In the United States, involuntary furloughs concerning federal government employees may be of a sudden and immediate nature. Such was the case in February 2010, when a single
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employee may only be placed on floating status for a period of not more than six months after which the employee could be retrenched or asked to report back to work.
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issued Fact Sheet #70 governing furloughs. These rules have remained in place (as of 21 March 2020), but with new developments in connection with the
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Due to the government shutdown starting on December 22, 2018, approximately 350,000 federal employees were furloughed for 35 days until January 25, 2019.
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included a clause so that mandatory furlough days are implemented but no classes are lost during the 2009–2010 academic year.
1090: 542: 2874: 1762: 1244: 1216: 225: 238: 233: 229: 164:, visa and passport processing, parks, and many others. This happened again on October 1, 2013, and on January 19, 2018. 873:"Kohl's will furlough about 85,000 employees, Macy's furloughs majority as retailers cope with significant sales losses" 823: 3111: 2286: 2074: 2042: 765:"Members of State Employees Trades Council Ratify Tentative Agreement for 2009-2010 | CSU | Public Affairs" 276: 268: 80: 3096: 611: 403: 394: 152:
objection prevented emergency funding measures from being implemented. As a result, 2,000 federal workers for the
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furloughed over 100,000 employees, while almost all Disney executives kept their jobs and received bonuses.
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exceeded a set of fixed deficit targets. In 2013 specifically, sequestration refers to a section of the
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on October 1. Congress later unanimously voted to restore pay to the furloughed workers.
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has a Coronavirus Resources page which can be consulted for the latest developments.
160:, which affected all non-essential employees, shutting down many services including 3008: 2797: 2765: 2725: 2720: 2517: 2507: 2325: 2156: 2113: 2086: 2081: 1935: 1902: 1892: 1742: 1670: 1474: 1412: 1392: 1377: 972: 962: 768: 743: 458: 132: 100: 24: 1206: 54: 3068: 3003: 2812: 2782: 2770: 2634: 2532: 2399: 1732: 1499: 1302: 1277: 1267: 501: 454: 339: 320: 210: 20: 891:"Disney Furloughs 100,000 Workers, Top Execs Get to Keep Their Jobs: Reports FT" 357:, furloughed thousands of employees because of decreased sales connected to the 171:, and as a result, furloughed about 4,000 workers at midnight on July 22, 2011. 167:
The United States Congress failed to pass a re-authorization of funding for the
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The first federal government furloughs of 2013 went into effect as a result of
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Furlough: The worst cockpit terror of them all! What if it happens to you?
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Schmidt, Michael S.; Shanker, Thom; Siddons, Andrew (September 28, 2013),
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In the US federal government shutdown of 2013 federal contractors such as
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were not acquainted with the US "furlough" system. Formally named the
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second-longest such shutdown was December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996
3073: 2993: 2807: 2492: 1846: 1747: 1707: 1677: 1598: 1434: 1397: 466: 354: 350: 218: 521:"Sen. Bunning Single-handedly Causes 2,000 Federal Worker Furloughs" 2907: 1965: 1955: 1887: 1851: 1697: 1652: 1530: 1525: 1429: 1307: 1016:"Coronavirus crisis creates new words that enter everyday language" 731: 681:"Federal Agencies Lay Out Contingency Plans for Possible Shutdown" 2537: 2487: 2226: 2176: 1960: 1665: 1349: 332: 1193: 217:(BCA) that was initially set to begin on January 1, 2013, as an 2661: 2009: 1648: 1059: 930: 895: 491: 462: 328: 2522: 1222: 1167:"'Floating' employees allowed to find alternative work: DOLE" 324: 153: 16:
Temporary leave of employees due to special needs of employer
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of 1985.) The sequesters were designed to take place if the
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deal primarily with the UK and USA and do not represent a
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Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy
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List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
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were immediately furloughed as of March 1, 2010. The
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CNNMoney special report: Enjoy your forced vacation
791:"Furloughs over for schools in the CSU – Education" 103: 548:. Archived from the original on September 28, 2005 444:The term furlough in employment can also refer to 255:2018–19 United States federal government shutdown 241:civilian and full-time Reserve Component member. 224:. These cuts were postponed by two months by the 3144: 912:"The King's regulations and orders for the army" 708:"Shutdown's economic damage: $ 1 billion a week" 653:Korte, Gregory; Gomez, Alan (October 5, 2013). 612:"Shutdown: 800,000 federal workers in the dark" 570:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 197:2013 United States federal government shutdown 1238: 1108: 1106: 1104: 248: 174: 43:The examples and perspective in this article 999:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 346:considered furloughing their own employees. 1245: 1231: 1132: 1101: 926:"UK Gov: COVID-19: support for businesses" 910:Office, Great Britain War (May 14, 1908). 652: 193:United States budget sequestration in 2013 2974:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 1140:"Workers placed on floating status at 2M" 1013: 976: 966: 207:Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 2818:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 1495:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 1095:eFOI - Electronic Freedom of Information 744:"Furlough Information - Human Resources" 587:"FAA to Furlough Nearly 4,000 Employees" 143: 2999:Credentialism and educational inflation 1164: 788: 179:Congress was on the verge of forcing a 3145: 2870:List of countries by unemployment rate 1165:Patinio, Ferdinand (28 October 2020). 909: 566:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 359:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States 273:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States 1226: 1194:Guidance and Information on Furloughs 1014:Skapinker, Michael (April 29, 2020). 953:Szulc, J. M. & Smith, R. (2021). 870: 705: 609: 1763:Practice-based professional learning 914:. H.M.S.O. – via Google Books. 384: 262: 226:American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 186: 181:government shutdown on April 8, 2011 29: 2316:Workers' right to access the toilet 706:Guida, Victoria (January 9, 2019). 13: 1055:"COVID-19: support for businesses" 822:. February 9, 2009. Archived from 633:"Government Prepares for Shutdown" 523:. Blogs.abcnews.com. March 1, 2010 433:Department of Labor and Employment 349:In 2020, retail giants, including 14: 3169: 1187: 793:. The Modesto Bee. Archived from 789:Fontana, Cyndee (July 18, 2010). 584: 431:During the COVID-19 pandemic the 371: 314: 277:United States Department of Labor 269:United States Department of Labor 3087: 3086: 2380:Corporate collapses and scandals 871:Repko, Melissa (30 March 2020). 404:Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme 138: 99: 34: 19:For the 2018 American film, see 1158: 1083: 1067:. 24 March 2020. 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April 14, 2020. 852:. 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3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3029:Make-work job 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2948:Right to work 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933:Job guarantee 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2918:Make-work job 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689:Restructuring 2687: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2667:Notice period 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2573:Unfree labour 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2543:Bonded labour 2541: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2457:Whistleblower 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2390:Control fraud 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2364:Glass ceiling 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2299:Work accident 2297: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2287:United States 2285: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187:United States 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2142:Casual Friday 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2099:Paid time off 2097: 2095: 2094:Overtime rate 2092: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2075:United States 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1941:Four-day week 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1825:Practice firm 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1723:Employability 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1624:Orange-collar 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1571:Working class 1568: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1445:Job interview 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1298:Part-time job 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1283:Full-time job 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1211:Patrick Smith 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198:United States 1195: 1192: 1191: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1145: 1144:BusinessWorld 1141: 1135: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1042: 1036: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1002: 996: 988: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 960: 956: 949: 933: 932: 927: 921: 913: 906: 898: 897: 892: 886: 878: 874: 867: 851: 847: 841: 825: 821: 817: 811: 797:on 2013-10-05 796: 792: 785: 771:on 2013-10-04 770: 766: 760: 745: 739: 733: 728: 713: 709: 702: 688: 687: 682: 675: 660: 656: 649: 634: 628: 613: 606: 592: 588: 581: 573: 569: 563: 552:September 22, 544: 538: 522: 516: 512: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 487:Four-day week 485: 484: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 451: 447: 437: 434: 429: 426: 422: 418: 408: 406: 405: 400: 396: 392: 382: 379: 369: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 312: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 280: 278: 274: 270: 260: 256: 246: 242: 240: 235: 231: 227: 223: 222:fiscal policy 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 198: 194: 184: 182: 172: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 139:United States 136: 134: 130: 126: 120: 96: 85: 82: 74: 71:November 2020 64: 60: 56: 50: 48: 41: 32: 31: 26: 22: 3158:Working time 3064:Toxic leader 3044:Presenteeism 3024:Labor rights 3014:Going postal 2989:Bullshit job 2972: 2957: 2952: 2743:Unemployment 2595:Downshifting 2578:Wage slavery 2558:Penal labour 2513:Dead-end job 2503:Conscription 2282:Right to sit 2137:Annual leave 2119:Working poor 2055:Minimum wage 2033:Maximum wage 1991:Working time 1981:Six-hour day 1882: 1878:Career break 1840:Professional 1634:Black-collar 1604:White-collar 1584:Green-collar 1561:Volunteering 1398:Drug testing 1388:Cover letter 1328:Tradesperson 1174:. Retrieved 1170: 1160: 1148:. Retrieved 1143: 1134: 1122:. Retrieved 1117: 1094: 1085: 1073:. Retrieved 1069:the original 1058: 1049: 1035: 1023:. Retrieved 1019: 1009: 995:cite journal 958: 948: 936:. Retrieved 929: 920: 905: 894: 885: 876: 866: 854:. Retrieved 849: 840: 828:. Retrieved 824:the original 819: 810: 799:. Retrieved 795:the original 784: 773:. Retrieved 769:the original 759: 748:. Retrieved 738: 727: 715:. Retrieved 711: 701: 690:, retrieved 684: 674: 662:. Retrieved 658: 648: 637:. Retrieved 627: 616:. Retrieved 605: 594:. Retrieved 591:FedSmith.com 590: 585:Smith, Ian. 580: 550:. Retrieved 537: 525:. Retrieved 515: 475:work release 446:annual leave 443: 430: 424: 414: 402: 388: 377: 375: 363: 348: 337: 318: 302: 286: 266: 258: 243: 200: 178: 166: 147: 94: 92: 77: 68: 44: 2953:Historical: 2677:Resignation 2617:Termination 2600:Slow living 2568:Truck wages 2553:Labour camp 2481:Willingness 2373:Infractions 2028:Living wage 1971:Remote work 1639:Gold-collar 1594:Pink-collar 1589:Grey-collar 1579:Blue-collar 1546:Labour hire 1521:Cooperative 1485:Recruitment 1440:Job hunting 1373:Application 1355:Wage labour 1340:Labour hire 1293:Job sharing 1025:October 30, 717:January 10, 664:October 30, 417:Philippines 411:Philippines 399:HR managers 319:During the 3147:Categories 2887:Wage curve 2694:Retirement 2607:Workaholic 2585:Work ethic 2452:Wage theft 2437:Labour law 2432:Evaluation 2417:Dress code 2182:Sick leave 2147:Child care 2109:Salary cap 2023:Income tax 1986:Shift work 1918:Time clock 1913:Sick leave 1908:Sabbatical 1873:Break room 1861:Attendance 1830:Profession 1815:Mentorship 1793:Retraining 1718:E-learning 1614:New-collar 1609:Red-collar 1556:Supervisor 1536:Internship 1455:Onboarding 1323:Technician 1318:Journeyman 1288:Gig worker 1254:Employment 856:October 8, 830:October 8, 801:2013-10-08 775:2013-10-07 750:2013-10-07 639:2013-10-07 618:2013-10-07 596:2020-02-24 527:October 7, 508:References 440:Other uses 421:Labor Code 305:California 3074:Workhouse 2994:Busy work 2808:Recession 2672:Pink slip 2630:Dismissal 2493:Careerism 2087:Singapore 2065:Hong Kong 1928:Schedules 1847:Tradesman 1748:Licensure 1708:Education 1678:Avocation 1619:No-collar 1599:Precariat 1480:Probation 1435:Job fraud 1196:from the 1091:"Inquiry" 659:USA Today 467:probation 425:bono fide 376:The word 219:austerity 59:talk page 2982:See also 2908:Workfare 2733:Turnover 2129:Benefits 2010:salaries 1966:Overtime 1956:Flextime 1888:Gap year 1883:Furlough 1852:Vocation 1835:Operator 1698:Coaching 1653:training 1531:Employer 1526:Employee 1430:Job fair 1308:Side job 1075:26 March 987:33776862 938:31 March 712:Politico 692:March 5, 562:cite web 481:See also 378:furlough 95:furlough 53:You may 2958:U.S.A.: 2563:Peonage 2538:Slavery 2488:Boreout 2227:Karoshi 2177:Pension 1961:On-call 1666:Artisan 1350:Laborer 1176:7 March 1150:7 March 1124:7 March 978:7991597 820:ERE.net 415:In the 333:Gannett 296:of the 290:Georgia 283:Schools 123:; from 2662:Layoff 2212:Crunch 2070:Europe 2060:Canada 2048:Europe 1649:Career 1490:RĂ©sumĂ© 1365:Hiring 1273:Casual 1060:GOV.UK 985:  975:  931:GOV.UK 896:Forbes 492:Layoff 463:parole 366:Disney 355:Macy's 351:Kohl's 331:, and 329:Toyota 292:, the 129:verlof 2523:McJob 2043:World 2006:Wages 1868:Break 1514:Roles 546:(PDF) 473:, or 325:Intel 125:Dutch 61:, or 2008:and 1651:and 1418:list 1178:2021 1152:2021 1126:2021 1077:2020 1027:2023 1001:link 983:PMID 940:2020 877:CNBC 858:2013 832:2013 719:2019 694:2020 666:2023 572:link 568:link 554:2010 529:2013 353:and 342:and 195:and 1541:Job 1209:by 973:PMC 963:doi 309:CSU 303:In 239:DoD 131:, " 110:ɜːr 3149:: 1169:. 1142:. 1116:. 1103:^ 1093:. 1063:. 1057:. 1018:. 997:}} 993:{{ 981:. 971:. 957:. 928:. 893:. 875:. 848:. 818:. 710:. 683:, 657:. 589:. 564:}} 560:{{ 477:. 469:, 465:, 457:, 448:, 393:, 361:. 327:, 127:: 116:oʊ 93:A 1246:e 1239:t 1232:v 1203:. 1180:. 1154:. 1128:. 1079:. 1029:. 1003:) 989:. 965:: 942:. 899:. 879:. 860:. 834:. 804:. 778:. 753:. 721:. 668:. 642:. 621:. 599:. 574:) 556:. 531:. 119:/ 113:l 107:f 104:ˈ 101:/ 97:( 84:) 78:( 73:) 69:( 51:. 27:.

Index

Furlough (film)
Leave (military)
worldwide view
improve this article
talk page
create a new article
Learn how and when to remove this message
/ˈfɜːrloʊ/
Dutch
leave of absence
United States Senate
Department of Transportation
second-longest such shutdown was December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996
National Institutes of Health
Federal Aviation Administration
government shutdown on April 8, 2011
United States budget sequestration in 2013
2013 United States federal government shutdown
budget sequestration
Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act
federal deficit
Budget Control Act of 2011
austerity
fiscal policy
American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
Department of Defense
National Guard
DoD
2018–19 United States federal government shutdown
United States Department of Labor

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