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The water of Frying Pan Lake is typically steaming and can appear to be boiling, due to carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide gas bubbling to the surface, but the lake's average temperature is 55 °C (131 °F). The lake and its outflow, Waimangu Stream (referred to as Hot Water Creek in the
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has been the subject of studies since monitoring equipment was installed in 1970 at the outflow stream from Frying Pan Lake and at
Inferno Crater Lake. Both lakes' water levels and overflow volumes follow a complicated rhythm that repeats itself roughly every 38 days. When the water level and
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The most recent eruption in Echo Crater occurred on 22 February 1973, destroying the
Trinity Terrace area on the south-eastern shore of Frying Pan Lake. An area of colourful sinter terraces is still visible on the western shore of the lake. To the north, the lake is bounded by the steaming
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and its acidic water maintains a temperature of about 50 to 60 °C (122–140 °F). The Lake covers 38,000 square metres (9.4 acres) in part of the volcanic crater and the shallow lake is only 5.5 metres (18 ft) deep, but at vents, it can go down to 18.3 metres (60 ft).
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Waimangu
Wanderer Guide), have an average pH level of 3.8, even though some of the boiling hot springs and vents on the lake's bed feed it with alkaline water of pH 8.2 to 8.7. This leads to various gradients of pH levels, which govern which types of algae are present, the blue-green algae
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The outflow volume of Frying Pan Lake has decreased from over 122 litres per second (4.3 cubic feet per second) in 1970 to around 100 L/s (3.5 cu ft/s), but varies by up to 20 L/s (0.7 cu ft/s) as part of the 38-day cycle.
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along a 17-kilometre (11 mi) rift stretching southwest from Mount
Tarawera to the nearby Southern Crater. After this event, the crater's floor partly filled with rainwater and heated
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Frying Pan Lake is one of the first major attractions encountered along the wheelchair-friendly main
Waimangu walking track. The site of the extinct
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at least 60,000 years old and was named
Gibraltar Rock until the 1917 Echo Crater eruption completely changed its shape. A
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temperature of
Inferno Crater Lake increase, the water level and outflow of Frying Pan Lake decrease.
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known as the Devil's
Blowhole in the northern wall of Echo Crater also disappeared in that event.
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Information panel "Waimangu
Monitoring Station" at the outflow from Frying Pan Lake,
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Cathedral Rocks. This monolithic rock structure is composed of
393:"Hidden in New Zealand: The largest hot spring in the world"
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Information panel "Echo Crater" at lookout over Echo Crater
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Hot spring in
Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, New Zealand
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in 1963 though not widely used) is the world's largest
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system interconnecting Frying Pan Lake and the nearby
338:"A Bathymetric Survey of the Waimangu Thermal Lakes"
292:is located not far from its north-eastern shore.
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371:"Story: Hot springs, mud pools and geysers"
230:Echo Crater was formed as part of the 1886
351:(7). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute.
218:. It is located in the Echo Crater of the
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505:Landforms of the Bay of Plenty Region
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467:Waimangu Wanderer Guide, April 2014
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201:200,000 m (160 acre⋅ft)
146:Waimangu Stream (Hot Water Creek)
272:The unique cyclic nature of the
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234:eruption, which opened several
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391:Brook Sabin (30 August 2019).
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1:
373:. Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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220:Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley
78:Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley
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515:Hot springs of New Zealand
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510:Okataina Volcanic Centre
482:Waikato Regional Council
169:200 m (660 ft)
263:Mastigocladus laminosus
177:3.8 ha (9.4 acres)
500:Rotorua Lakes District
336:Keam, R.F (Nov 1980).
307:Grand Prismatic Spring
193:20 m (66 ft)
111:38.28361°S 176.39500°E
185:6 m (20 ft)
116:-38.28361; 176.39500
436:"Waimangu: Geology"
312:List of hot springs
278:Inferno Crater Lake
267:Cyanidium caldarium
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415:"Frying Pan Lake"
212:Waimangu Cauldron
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141:Primary outflows
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208:Frying Pan Lake
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129:Primary inflows
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22:Frying Pan Lake
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232:Mount Tarawera
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419:Atlas Obscura
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182:Average depth
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443:. Retrieved
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375:. Retrieved
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345:NZOI records
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302:Boiling Lake
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274:hydrothermal
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198:Water volume
174:Surface area
134:(hot spring)
82:North Island
478:GNS Science
440:GNS Science
240:groundwater
224:New Zealand
157:New Zealand
114: /
102:176°23′42″E
89:Coordinates
494:Categories
445:2014-12-22
377:2016-06-18
318:References
216:hot spring
190:Max. depth
166:Max. width
99:38°17′01″S
399:31 August
357:230922418
248:rhyolitic
210:(renamed
296:See also
255:fumarole
74:Location
395:. Stuff
236:craters
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341:(PDF)
152:Basin
480:and
401:2021
353:OCLC
251:lava
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349:4
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