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280:. Artists of the Romantic period often depicted nature in idealized scenes that depicted the richness and beauty of nature, sometimes with emphasis on its grand scale. This tradition carried on in the works of Church, who idealizes an uninterrupted nature, highlighted by his excruciatingly detailed art. The emphasis on nature is encouraged by low horizontal lines and a preponderance of sky. Church usually "hid" his brushstrokes so that the painting surface was smooth and the painter's "personality" seemingly absent.
334:, George W. Sheldon wrote of Church's canvases, "It is scarcely necessary to ... explain what their principal defect is, because, by this time, that defect must have been recognized by almost every intelligent American lover of art. It consists in the elaboration of details at the expense of the unity and force of sentiment.... They are faithful and beautiful, but they are not so rich as they might be in the poetry, the aroma, of art. The higher and spiritual verities of Nature are the true home of landscape art."
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570:. They soon started a family, but their two-year-old son Herbert and five-month-old daughter Emma both died of diphtheria in March 1865. Still grief stricken, Church, his wife, and a young artist they befriended traveled to Jamaica. Church sketched while Isabel made a collection of pressed Jamaican ferns. He and his wife started a new family with the birth of Frederic Joseph in 1866, followed by Theodore Winthrop in 1869, Louis Palmer in 1870 and Isabel Charlotte ("Downie") in 1871.
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764:. Huntington recognized Church's estate as his greatest artwork and spearheaded the effort to preserve Olana when the property, which had been preserved largely as Church created it by later generations of the family, was threatened with destruction. He spearheaded a two-year campaign to save Frederic Church's Olana, resulting in a public-private partnership that created Olana State Historic Site.
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experience the
Western artistic heritage. Leaving his expanded family in Rome with friends, Frederic made a two-week visit to stay in Athens ended the journey in April 1869. At Athens the Parthenon impressed him, and he sketched and painted it energetically. The Churches left Rome in May 1869, and made their way home via Paris and England, arriving home by the end of June.
287:, a movement in American landscape art founded by his teacher Thomas Cole. Both Cole and Church were devout Protestants, and the latter's beliefs played a role in his paintings, especially his early canvases. Hudson River School paintings were characterized by their focus on traditional pastoral settings, especially the
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and other friends who were also living in Rome. While in Rome, Church learned fresco painting, and made a collection of "Old
Masters" paintings. However, apparently Europe on the whole did not seem to interest Church as it did most American artists of the 19th century, many of whom traveled there to
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qualities. They attempted to capture the wild realism of an unsettled
America that was quickly disappearing, and the appreciation of natural beauty. His American frontier landscapes show the "expansionist and optimistic outlook of the United States in the mid-nineteenth century." Church differed from
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was hired to complete the project. Church was deeply involved in the process, even completing his own architectural sketches for its design. This highly personal and eclectic building incorporated many of the design ideas that he had acquired during his travels. In one letter of the period, he wrote
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Church quickly earned a reputation as a traveler-artist, with early domestic painting and sketching trips to the White
Mountains, western Massachusetts, the Catskills, Hartford, Conn, Niagara, Virginia, Kentucky, and Maine. He made two trips to South America in 1853 and 1857 and stayed predominantly
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of
American landscape painters, best known for painting large landscapes, often depicting mountains, waterfalls, and sunsets. Church's paintings put an emphasis on realistic detail, dramatic light, and panoramic views. He debuted some of his major works in single-painting exhibitions to a paying and
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In the last decades of his life Church's fame dwindled, and by his death in 1900 there was little interest in his work. His paintings were seen as part of an "old-fashioned and discredited" school that was too devoted to details. His reputation improved with a 1945 exhibition devoted to the Hudson
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in a single-painting exhibition in New York City in 1859. Thousands of people paid to see the painting, with the painting's huge floor-based frame playing the part of a window looking out on the Andes. The audience sat on benches to view the piece, sometimes using opera glasses to get close, and
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by a sunset featuring red, white, and blue that he believed was a symbol that "the heavens indicated their support for the United States by reflecting the nation's colors in the setting sun". A lithograph was made from it and sold to benefit the families of Union soldiers.
483:, Church's most famous painting, pictures several elements of topography combined into an idealistic, broad portrait of nature. The painting was very large, yet highly detailed; every species of plant and animal is identifiable and numerous climate zones appear at once.
683:"I have made about 1 3/4 miles of road this season, opening entirely new and beautiful views. I can make more and better landscapes in this way than by tampering with canvas and paint in the studio." He devoted much of his energy during his last twenty years to Olana.
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A newspaper reported: "New York Artist Leaves Stocks Valued at $ 474,447.72. The largest estate that has come under the jurisdiction of the
Probate Court of this district for some months has lately been admitted." Unidentified newspaper clipping quoted in Huntington,
210:, introduced the two. Church studied with him for two years; by this time his talent was evident. Cole wrote that Church had "the finest eye for drawing in the world". During his time with Cole he travelled around New England and New York to make sketches, visiting
186:. Church was the son of Eliza (1796–1883) and Joseph Church (1793–1876). Frederic had two sisters and no surviving brothers. His father was successful in business as a silversmith and jeweler and was a director at several financial firms. His mother's brother was
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Church strategically arranged the room to illuminate the painting with the light from overhead skylights. The work was an instant success. Church eventually sold it for $ 10,000, at that time the highest price ever paid for a work by a living
American artist.
427:, and epitomized the Hudson River School's founding styles. As his style progressed he departed from Cole's approach: he painted in more elaborate detail and his compositions became more adventurous in format, sometimes with dramatic light effects.
760:. In 1960 art historian David C. Huntington completed a dissertation on Church that explored his influences and milieu. By 1966 he had written a monograph on Church and organized the first exhibition devoted to Church since his death, for the
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landscape style as well. Luminist art tends to emphasize horizontals, use non-diffuse light, and hide brushstrokes such that the painter's presence, or "personality", is less apparent to the viewer. An exhibition book considers Church's
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By 1860, Church was the most renowned
American artist. In his prime, Church was a commercial as well as an artistic success. Church's art was very lucrative; he was reported to be worth half a million dollars at his death in 1900.
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Cole in the topics of his paintings: he preferred natural and often majestic scenes over Cole's propensity towards allegory—though Church's work has increasingly been re-examined in terms of themes and meanings.
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313:, which Church owned, dedicated a chapter to landscape painting; Humboldt gave an important role to the visual artist in "scientifically" portraying the diversity of nature, especially in the New World. As
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Church's paintings, more confident and on a grander scale than those of his contemporaries, uniquely captured the spirit of an optimistic
American people who associated the landscape of the New World with
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690:, making painting difficult. He eventually painted with his left hand and continued to produce works, although at a much slower pace. He still taught painting as Cole had before him. Two students were
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Before departing the United States for that trip, Church purchased the 18 acres (7.3 ha) on the hilltop above his Hudson farmland, which he had long wanted for its magnificent views of the
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317:'s theory of evolution began to overturn Humboldt's ideas of unity in the 1860s, art historians have examined how Church's painting responded to this disruption in Church's world view.
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423:. His method consisted of creating paintings in his studio based on sketches in nature. In the earlier years of his career, Church's style was reminiscent of that of his teacher,
272:(1851) was Church's "first true composite landscape"—it used sketches from various locations to develop a more detailed and spatially complex landscape than found in Cole's work.
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in New York. Less than a year later, on April 7, 1900, at the age of 73, Church also died at the home of Osborn's widow. Frederic and Isabel were buried in the family plot at
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wrote that Church was "a paradigm of the artist who becomes the public voice of a culture, summarizing its beliefs, embodying its ideas, and confirming its assumptions."
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Church began his career by painting classic Hudson River School scenes of New York and New
England, but by 1850, he had settled in New York. He exhibited his art at the
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In late 1867, Church began the longest period of travel of his career. That fall he and his family went to Europe, moving through London and Paris fairly quickly. From
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Spending time at Olana and in Mexico, Church was less exposed to trends in New York City. He kept a studio there into the 1880s, but it was usually sublet to
524:(1861) both oil and lithograph by Frederick Edwin Church – a colorful sunset interpreted to reflect divine support for the Union during the American Civil War
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was published in 1852, Church jumped at the chance to travel and study in Humboldt's footsteps. When Church returned to South America in 1857 with painter
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Church had been enormously successful as an artist. In his last decades, illness limited Church's ability to paint. By 1876, Church was stricken with
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451:'s exploration of the continent in the early 1800s; Humboldt had challenged artists to portray the "physiognomy" of the Andes. After Humboldt's
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1841:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Church (see index)
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807:, a private, non-profit organization. In 1999, just before the centenary of Church's death, The Olana Partnership established the
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was consulted early on in the plans for the mansion at Olana, but after the Churches' trip, the English-born American architect
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366:"exemplify the style ... in their panoramic structure". Nevertheless, Church is not considered a primarily luminist artist.
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often enthralled audience in New York City. In his prime, he was one of the most famous painters in the United States.
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Gerald L. Carr. Frederic Edwin Church: Catalogue Raisonne of works of art at Olana State Historic Site. (1994) p. 277
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709:. His wife Isabel had been ill for years, and she died on May 12, 1899, at the home of their late friend and patron,
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and married Isabel Mortimer Carnes (born 1836, of Dayton, Ohio), whom he had met during the New York exhibition of
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Romanticism was prominent in Britain and France in the early 1800s as a counter-movement to the rationalism of the
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1284:. Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent.English. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, AMS Press.
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602:, Egypt, but Church did not visit the pyramids, perhaps being afraid to leave his family alone. Passing through
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Frederic Edwin Church was a direct descendant of Richard Church, a Puritan pioneer from England who accompanied
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1849:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (full PDF), which contains material on Church
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Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799–1804
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to honor individuals and organizations who make extraordinary contributions to American art and culture.
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234:. His first recorded sale was in 1846 to the Wadsworth Athenaeum for $ 130; it was a pastoral painting
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Lyrics to the song "Olana" by Marc Cohn, about Church and the Olana estate, from Church's perspective.
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Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck (October 1945). "Scientific Sources of the Full-Length Landscape: 1850".
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Church's legacy was rekindled; American museums began to acquire his works, and by 1979 Church's
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sold for $ 2.5 million, then the third-highest auction for any work of art. The next year the
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743:(1861) was sold at auction for a record-setting amount in 1979, following its rediscovery.
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on the original journey through the wilderness from Massachusetts to what would become
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514:(1861), published shortly before Church's painting "The Icebergs" went on display.
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Rosenbaum, Julia B. (June 2015). "Frederic Edwin Church in an Era of Expedition".
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traveled to Newfoundland and Labrador. The journey was chronicled in Noble's book
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to highlight the style's "meticulous draftsmanship and intense colors", while
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1587:"Must this mansion be destroyed?" Life Magazine, May 13, 1966. page 64.
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In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, Church was inspired to paint
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New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
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tomb, which became the subject of one of his important later works,
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Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America
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The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church: Vision of an American Era
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Frederic Edwin Church and the North American Landscape, 1845–1860
1341:"Rally 'Round The Flag – Frederic Edwin Church and The Civil War"
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The Voyage of the Icebergs: Frederic Church's Arctic Masterpiece
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was another important and big influence on Church. In Ruskin's
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after Daniel Wadsworth, a family neighbor and founder of the
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American Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Vol. 3
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1193:"Master, Mentor, Master: Thomas Cole & Frederic Church"
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Frederic Church's Olana: Architecture and Landscape as Art
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Some of Church's paintings relate to, and influenced, the
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Howat 2005 p. 92 – whole section on trip -> pp. 91–96
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American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School
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Church was the product of the second generation of the
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Frederic Edwin Church works at National Gallery of Art
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Harvey, Eleanor Jones; Church, Frederic Edwin (2002).
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In 1848, he was elected the youngest Associate of the
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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540:In 1863, he was elected an Associate Fellow of the
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1478:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 174, 284.
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1870:Frederic Edwin Church Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
1784:American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850–1875
1745:Frederic Edwin Church and the National Landscape
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779:American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1825–1875
1690:Howat, John K.; Church, Frederic Edwin (2005).
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618:by camel from Jerusalem. There he sketched the
1653:Church's Great Picture: The Heart of the Andes
630:(1874). Later that spring the family visited
152:(May 4, 1826 – April 7, 1900) was an American
2718:
2105:
1897:
1846:Art and the empire city: New York, 1825–1861
1670:
30:For other people named Frederic Church, see
2684:A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie
1689:
2725:
2711:
2112:
2098:
1904:
1890:
1780:
1708:
1530:
1528:
1316:. New York D. Appleton and company. 1861.
1169:
1167:
666:. In 1870, he began the construction of a
49:
1911:
1225:
732:
572:
551:
516:
399:
386:
373:
303:was a major influence on Church. In his
264:
2119:
1787:. Washington: National Gallery of Art.
1546:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
1543:
1525:
1519:"A Tidy Resting Place For Famed Artist"
1516:
1164:
1003:, 1870, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
260:
14:
5143:
1596:
1020:, 1871, The Metropolitan Museum of Art
821:List of works by Frederic Edwin Church
27:American landscape painter (1826–1900)
5072:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2706:
2093:
1989:Niagara Falls, from the American Side
1885:
1761:
1742:
1725:
1471:
1390:
1369:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1142:Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
985:Niagara Falls, from the American Side
841:Reynolda House Museum of American Art
542:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1443:Carr "Catalogue Raisonne' . … p. 304
1418:
1195:. Thomas Cole National Historic Site
1128:
1126:
756:revisited the original reception of
299:The Prussian explorer and scientist
754:Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
562:In 1860, Church bought a farm near
24:
5211:19th-century American male artists
5196:National Academy of Design members
5166:Artists from Hartford, Connecticut
2677:The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak
2599:Thomas Cole National Historic Site
1001:Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives
970:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
236:depicting Hooker's journey in 1636
25:
5222:
1802:
1747:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
1123:
1055:, 1874, Olana State Historic Site
799:is now owned and operated by the
160:. He was a central figure in the
5125:
5124:
1807:
1599:"Saving Frederic Church's Olana"
1517:McEnroe, Colin (July 12, 1995).
1452:[quoted in NGA catalogue, p. 147
1087:
1060:
1043:
1025:
1008:
993:
976:
958:
943:
923:
901:
877:
862:
847:
827:
762:National Collection of Fine Arts
548:Family, later travels, and Olana
32:Frederic Church (disambiguation)
2732:
1630:
1621:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1537:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1465:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1384:
1359:
1333:
1320:
1314:"After icebergs with a painter"
1306:
1297:
1288:
1272:
1263:
1101:Smithsonian American Art Museum
1037:Princeton University Art Museum
5201:19th-century American painters
1656:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1254:
1207:
1185:
1176:
1155:
1114:
13:
1:
5191:American Orientalist painters
5186:Luminism (American art style)
5095:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
1709:Huntington, David C. (1966).
1472:Burke, Doreen Bolger (1980).
1073:
1033:Passing Shower in the Tropics
581:
512:After Icebergs with a Painter
173:
55:
5206:Natural history illustrators
5181:Hudson River School painters
2508:Newington-Cropsey Foundation
1636:Quoted in Kelly (1988), viii
1419:Ryan, James Anthony (2001).
168:
7:
5161:American landscape painters
2498:New-York Historical Society
1766:. National Gallery of Art.
1597:Morrow, Ann (August 2018).
1507:Huntington, 111; Howat, 184
966:Rainy Season in the Tropics
10:
5227:
5012:Coleridge's theory of life
2691:Twilight in the Wilderness
2483:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1957:Twilight in the Wilderness
1828:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1643:
1081:Metropolitan Museum of Art
932:Twilight in the Wilderness
818:
814:
694:, son of his close friend
421:National Academy of Design
351:Twilight in the Wilderness
243:National Academy of Design
29:
5104:
5067:Romanticism and economics
5004:
4896:
4643:
4465:
4410:
4379:
4303:
4252:
4201:
4160:
4069:
4013:
3977:
3931:
3922:
3767:
3711:
3660:
3619:
3578:
3532:
3474:
3344:
3223:
3145:
3082:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
3064:
3055:
2941:
2809:
2740:
2612:
2526:
2475:
2427:William Louis Sonntag Sr.
2327:Ransome Gillett Holdridge
2307:William Stanley Haseltine
2217:Johann Hermann Carmiencke
2157:
2127:
2066:
2058:Olana State Historic Site
2050:
2031:
1919:
1781:Wilmerding, John (1980).
1694:. Yale University Press.
1326:Richardson, Heather Cox,
797:Olana State Historic Site
777:held a major exhibition,
728:
672:Olana State Historic Site
502:Church's friendship with
369:
212:East Hampton, Connecticut
137:
117:
107:
91:
69:
48:
41:
2847:German historical school
2513:Tuscaloosa Museum of Art
2417:Thomas Prichard Rossiter
2277:Sanford Robinson Gifford
1875:August 28, 2021, at the
1762:Kelly, Franklin (1989).
1743:Kelly, Franklin (1988).
1726:Kelly, Franklin (1985).
1675:. Dallas Museum of Art.
1650:Avery, Kevin J. (1993).
1391:Kelly, Franklin (1989).
1328:Letters from an American
1107:
750:Art Institute of Chicago
648:Sanford Robinson Gifford
3494:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
2621:Among the Sierra Nevada
2534:Catskill Mountain House
2493:National Gallery of Art
2207:Alfred Thompson Bricher
2032:Collaboration paintings
1826:Timeline of Art History
1134:"Frederic Edwin Church"
937:Cleveland Museum of Art
891:National Gallery of Art
870:Cross in the Wilderness
775:National Gallery of Art
492:before, Church debuted
320:The English art critic
220:Catskill Mountain House
5176:American male painters
5077:Romanticism in science
5032:Middle Ages in history
5027:List of Romantic poets
3739:Josiah Gilbert Holland
2642:The Heart of the Andes
2467:Alexander Helwig Wyant
2462:Worthington Whittredge
2447:Mary Josephine Walters
2422:Francis Augustus Silva
2407:William Trost Richards
2342:John Frederick Kensett
2317:Hermann Ottomar Herzog
2282:Régis François Gignoux
2242:Jasper Francis Cropsey
2202:James Renwick Brevoort
1949:The Heart of the Andes
1858:July 25, 2021, at the
913:The Walters Art Museum
909:Morning in the Tropics
758:The Heart of the Andes
744:
591:
568:The Heart of the Andes
559:
525:
495:The Heart of the Andes
481:The Heart of the Andes
472:The Heart of the Andes
449:Alexander von Humboldt
408:
397:
384:
380:The Heart of the Andes
345:Morning in the Tropics
301:Alexander von Humboldt
273:
251:William James Stillman
228:New Haven, Connecticut
131:The Heart of the Andes
5047:Romantic epistemology
5037:Opium and Romanticism
3606:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2832:Counter-Enlightenment
2589:Rip Van Winkle Bridge
2564:Kaaterskill High Peak
2432:James Augustus Suydam
2382:Charles Herbert Moore
2287:Eliza Pratt Greatorex
2227:Frederic Edwin Church
2222:John William Casilear
1913:Frederic Edwin Church
1832:The Olana Partnership
1816:at Wikimedia Commons
1814:Frederic Edwin Church
1764:Frederic Edwin Church
1393:Frederic Edwin Church
1345:The Olana Partnership
1173:Kelly (1989), 158–159
809:Frederic Church Award
805:The Olana Partnership
736:
723:Hartford, Connecticut
719:Spring Grove Cemetery
700:Howard Russell Butler
576:
555:
534:Our Banner in the Sky
522:Our Banner In The Sky
520:
403:
390:
377:
268:
208:Hartford, Connecticut
184:Hartford, Connecticut
158:Hartford, Connecticut
150:Frederic Edwin Church
84:Hartford, Connecticut
43:Frederic Edwin Church
5111:Age of Enlightenment
2753:England (literature)
2635:The Course of Empire
2397:William Sidney Mount
2347:Robert G. L. Leonori
2312:Martin Johnson Heade
2292:Daniel Charles Grose
2192:Albert Fitch Bellows
2135:Age of Enlightenment
1933:The Andes of Ecuador
1713:. George Braziller.
836:The Andes of Ecuador
752:, and that year the
748:River School at the
707:Martin Johnson Heade
688:rheumatoid arthritis
462:The Andes of Ecuador
278:Age of Enlightenment
261:Style and influences
5062:Romantic psychology
2857:Hudson River School
2801:Sweden (literature)
2786:Russia (literature)
2594:Storm King Mountain
2297:James McDougal Hart
2262:Robert S. Duncanson
2247:William Moore Davis
2212:William Mason Brown
2177:John Dodgson Barrow
2172:William Bliss Baker
2121:Hudson River School
2074:Hudson River School
1534:Kelly (1989), 12–14
1521:. Hartford Courant.
692:Walter Launt Palmer
676:Richard Morris Hunt
508:Louis Legrand Noble
285:Hudson River School
270:New England Scenery
247:Walter Launt Palmer
204:Wadsworth Athenaeum
162:Hudson River School
142:Hudson River School
102:New York City, U.S.
3047:White Mountain art
2988:Historical fiction
2796:Spain (literature)
2488:Wadsworth Atheneum
2457:Robert Walter Weir
2412:Ferdinand Richardt
2402:Harriet Cany Peale
2357:Homer Dodge Martin
2352:Edmund Darch Lewis
2267:Asher Brown Durand
2252:Lockwood de Forest
1609:on January 7, 2022
745:
696:Erastus Dow Palmer
638:, then sailed the
612:David Stuart Dodge
606:, they arrived at
592:
560:
526:
504:Isaac Israel Hayes
413:American Art Union
409:
398:
385:
289:Catskill Mountains
274:
200:Catskill, New York
112:Landscape painting
5138:
5137:
5052:Romantic medicine
5022:List of romantics
4461:
4460:
4112:Felix Mendelssohn
4107:Fanny Mendelssohn
3918:
3917:
3632:Rosalía de Castro
3570:Soares dos Passos
2918:Transcendentalism
2882:Nazarene movement
2842:Düsseldorf School
2700:
2699:
2559:Kaaterskill Falls
2554:Kaaterskill Clove
2544:Croton Point Park
2377:Louis Rémy Mignot
2372:Mary Blood Mellen
2087:
2086:
1812:Media related to
1754:978-0-87474-592-4
711:William H. Osborn
457:Louis Rémy Mignot
332:American Painters
192:U.S. Capitol Dome
154:landscape painter
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
5218:
5128:
5127:
5087:Evolution theory
3929:
3928:
3062:
3061:
2923:Ukrainian school
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2703:
2574:North–South Lake
2442:William Guy Wall
2272:Hermann Fuechsel
2197:Albert Bierstadt
2187:Julie Hart Beers
2182:Susie M. Barstow
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2005:El Khasné, Petra
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1811:
1798:
1777:
1758:
1739:
1722:
1705:
1686:
1667:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1605:. Archived from
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
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1535:
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1153:
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1121:
1118:
1091:
1078:
1075:
1064:
1052:El Khasné, Petra
1047:
1029:
1012:
997:
980:
962:
947:
927:
905:
881:
866:
851:
831:
789:. Art historian
787:manifest destiny
627:El Khasné, Petra
586:
583:
564:Hudson, New York
445:Cyrus West Field
405:Tropical Scenery
120:
98:
79:
77:
60:
57:
53:
39:
38:
21:
5226:
5225:
5221:
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5217:
5216:
5215:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5122:
5114:
5100:
5057:Romantic poetry
5042:Romantic ballet
5017:German idealism
5000:
4966:Lacoue-Labarthe
4892:
4639:
4457:
4406:
4375:
4356:Rimsky-Korsakov
4299:
4248:
4197:
4156:
4065:
4009:
3973:
3914:
3763:
3707:
3656:
3615:
3574:
3528:
3470:
3411:Maria Edgeworth
3347:
3340:
3219:
3141:
3051:
3030:Romantic genius
2960:Gesamtkunstwerk
2937:
2898:Sturm und Drang
2805:
2736:
2731:
2701:
2696:
2656:Kindred Spirits
2608:
2522:
2518:Brooklyn Museum
2471:
2153:
2123:
2118:
2088:
2083:
2062:
2046:
2027:
1981:Aurora Borealis
1915:
1910:
1877:Wayback Machine
1865:Art Renewal.org
1860:Wayback Machine
1805:
1795:
1774:
1755:
1702:
1692:Frederic Church
1683:
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1558:10.2307/3257164
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1498:Huntington, 110
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1269:Wilmerding, 120
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1212:
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1190:
1186:
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1172:
1165:
1161:Kelly (1988), 2
1160:
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1144:
1132:
1131:
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1110:
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1096:Aurora Borealis
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1065:
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989:
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895:Washington, DC.
882:
873:
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858:
852:
843:
832:
823:
817:
731:
642:with a stop in
589:Napoleon Sarony
584:
550:
486:As he had with
417:Boston Art Club
372:
327:Modern Painters
263:
176:
171:
118:
103:
100:
96:
87:
81:
75:
73:
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63:Napoleon Sarony
58:
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28:
23:
22:
18:Frederic Church
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5005:Related topics
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4645:Visual artists
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3872:
3870:Oehlenschläger
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3540:Castelo Branco
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2238:
2237:Samuel Colman
2235:
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2167:Charles Baker
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2042:
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2040:Arch of Titus
2037:
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2030:
2023:
2022:
2021:El Rio de Luz
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:The Parthenon
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
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1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:List of works
1925:
1924:
1922:
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1914:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1895:
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1794:9780691002804
1790:
1786:
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1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1741:
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1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
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1682:9780300095364
1678:
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1608:
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1495:
1487:
1485:9780870992445
1481:
1477:
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1468:
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1449:
1440:
1432:
1430:1-883789-28-1
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1402:0-89468-136-2
1398:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1351:September 20,
1346:
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1222:
1220:
1210:
1199:September 19,
1194:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1147:September 30,
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1098:
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1090:
1085:
1082:
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1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:The Parthenon
1011:
1006:
1002:
996:
991:
987:
986:
979:
974:
971:
967:
961:
956:
952:
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845:
842:
838:
837:
830:
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824:
822:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
792:
791:Barbara Novak
788:
782:
780:
776:
772:
771:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
742:
741:
735:
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724:
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708:
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649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:they went to
597:
590:
579:
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571:
569:
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558:
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545:
543:
538:
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523:
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428:
426:
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418:
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395:
394:
389:
382:
381:
376:
367:
365:
364:
363:The Parthenon
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
346:
340:
335:
333:
329:
328:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
307:
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297:
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258:
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237:
233:
229:
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221:
217:
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209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Thomas Hooker
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
140:
136:
133:
132:
127:
126:
122:
116:
113:
110:
106:
95:April 7, 1900
94:
90:
85:
72:
68:
64:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5093:
4813:Porto-Alegre
4682:
4467:Philosophers
4351:Rachmaninoff
3800:Chavchavadze
3790:Baratashvili
3550:João de Deus
3519:Wincenty Pol
3311:Küchelbecker
3039:
3005:Noble savage
2992:
2958:
2933:Wallenrodism
2910:
2896:
2827:Coppet group
2761:(literature)
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2649:The Icebergs
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2584:Platte Clove
2437:Jesse Talbot
2387:Thomas Moran
2302:William Hart
2226:
2145:Victorianism
2038:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1965:The Icebergs
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1912:
1845:
1837:
1806:
1783:
1763:
1744:
1727:
1710:
1691:
1672:
1652:
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1602:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1552:(2): 59–65.
1549:
1545:
1539:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1474:
1467:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1420:
1392:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1368:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1234:(2): 26–34.
1231:
1228:American Art
1227:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1137:
1116:
1094:
1067:
1050:
1032:
1015:
1000:
983:
965:
950:
930:
911:, ca. 1858,
908:
884:
869:
854:
834:
795:
783:
778:
770:The Icebergs
768:
766:
757:
753:
746:
740:The Icebergs
738:
704:
685:
680:Calvert Vaux
660:Hudson River
657:
625:
619:
593:
578:Cabinet card
567:
561:
539:
533:
531:
527:
521:
511:
501:
493:
487:
485:
480:
476:
475:(1859), and
470:
466:
460:
452:
429:
410:
404:
391:
378:
361:
355:
349:
343:
336:
331:
325:
319:
310:
304:
298:
291:, and their
282:
275:
269:
240:
188:Adrian Janes
177:
149:
148:
129:
123:
119:Notable work
97:(1900-04-07)
36:
5156:1900 deaths
5151:1826 births
4803:Michałowski
4635:Wackenroder
4600:F. Schlegel
4595:A. Schlegel
4371:Tchaikovsky
4260:Bortkiewicz
4132:R. Schumann
4127:C. Schumann
4092:Kalkbrenner
4061:Saint-Saëns
3366:Anne Brontë
3251:Eichendorff
3236:B. v. Arnim
3231:A. v. Arnim
3041:Weltschmerz
3000:Medievalism
2949:Blue flower
2877:Nationalist
2822:Bohemianism
2734:Romanticism
2569:Lake Mohonk
2322:Thomas Hill
2232:Thomas Cole
2140:Romanticism
1376:October 20,
1077: 1877
715:Park Avenue
585: 1868
425:Thomas Cole
322:John Ruskin
216:Long Island
196:Thomas Cole
80:May 4, 1826
59: 1868
5145:Categories
4678:Chassériau
4653:Aivazovsky
4361:Rubinstein
4346:Mussorgsky
4295:Wieniawski
4280:Paderewski
4122:Moszkowski
3905:Vörösmarty
3895:Shevchenko
3749:Longfellow
3673:Batyushkov
3668:Baratynsky
3637:Espronceda
3504:Mickiewicz
3499:Malczewski
3466:Wordsworth
3451:M. Shelley
3406:de Quincey
3271:Günderrode
3155:Baudelaire
3035:Wanderlust
2872:Lake Poets
2452:Paul Weber
1730:(Thesis).
1627:Harvey, 24
1613:January 6,
1603:HistoryNet
1578:Harvey, 12
1138:Collection
640:Aegean Sea
621:Al Khazneh
600:Alexandria
580:of Church
174:Beginnings
76:1826-05-04
5118:Modernism
4778:Kiprensky
4738:Géricault
4723:Friedrich
4713:Delacroix
4688:Constable
4668:Bonington
4658:Bierstadt
4610:Senancour
4585:Schelling
4540:Lamennais
4535:Khomyakov
4500:Coleridge
4495:Chaadayev
4402:Stanković
4397:Mokranjac
4316:Balakirev
4275:Moniuszko
4224:Donizetti
4219:Cherubini
4117:Meyerbeer
4102:Marschner
4077:Beethoven
3990:Moscheles
3924:Musicians
3910:Wergeland
3875:Orbeliani
3830:Grundtvig
3734:Hawthorne
3703:Zhukovsky
3698:Vyazemsky
3683:Lermontov
3642:Gutiérrez
3601:Radičević
3565:Herculano
3489:Krasiński
3431:Radcliffe
3401:Coleridge
3376:E. Brontë
3371:C. Brontë
3301:Jean Paul
3296:Hölderlin
3185:Lamartine
3122:Magalhães
3112:Guimarães
3020:Pantheism
3010:Nostalgia
2862:Indianism
2810:Movements
2741:Countries
2670:The Oxbow
2604:Hyde Park
2549:Ever Rest
2527:Locations
2128:Movements
2016:(c. 1877)
1920:Paintings
1736:303390102
1248:192481515
1213:Avery, 12
1182:Avery, 17
917:Baltimore
737:Church's
664:Catskills
596:Marseille
169:Biography
5130:Category
4946:Dahlhaus
4931:Blanning
4898:Scholars
4868:Tropinin
4863:Tidemand
4853:Stattler
4848:Scheffer
4748:Głowacki
4718:Edelfelt
4673:Bryullov
4615:Snellman
4590:Schiller
4580:Rousseau
4560:Michelet
4505:Constant
4475:Belinsky
4448:Sibelius
4392:Konjović
4366:Scriabin
4336:Lyapunov
4270:Lipiński
4239:Spontini
4229:Paganini
4173:Goldmark
3964:Thalberg
3959:Schubert
3939:Bruckner
3900:Topelius
3890:Runeberg
3880:Prešeren
3850:Leopardi
3815:Frashëri
3805:Eminescu
3785:Andersen
3693:Tyutchev
3678:Karamzin
3652:Zorrilla
3647:Saavedra
3545:Castilho
3533:Portugal
3524:Słowacki
3426:Polidori
3356:Barbauld
3291:Hoffmann
3246:Brentano
3160:Bertrand
2981:Romantic
2817:Ancients
2791:Scotland
2079:Luminism
1973:Cotopaxi
1873:Archived
1856:Archived
1732:ProQuest
1719:66-16675
1120:Howat, 3
1099:, 1865,
1035:, 1872,
968:, 1866,
951:Oosisoak
935:, 1860,
889:, 1857,
855:Cotopaxi
839:, 1855,
662:and the
632:Damascus
479:(1862).
477:Cotopaxi
469:(1858),
465:(1855),
437:Colombia
393:Cotopaxi
357:Cotopaxi
339:luminist
293:Romantic
156:born in
138:Movement
4971:Lovejoy
4906:Abraham
4828:Richard
4818:Préault
4743:Girodet
4625:Thoreau
4570:Novalis
4555:Mazzini
4550:Maistre
4525:Hazlitt
4510:Emerson
4490:Carlyle
4480:Berchet
4423:Berwald
4418:Bennett
4387:Hristić
4341:Medtner
4321:Borodin
4311:Arensky
4234:Rossini
4209:Bellini
4188:Joachim
4161:Hungary
4142:Strauss
4070:Germany
4036:Berlioz
4005:Voříšek
4000:Smetana
3978:Czechia
3932:Austria
3865:Maturin
3860:Manzoni
3835:Heliade
3810:Foscolo
3780:Alfieri
3775:Abovian
3729:Emerson
3688:Pushkin
3627:Bécquer
3560:Garrett
3514:Potocki
3461:Southey
3421:Maturin
3391:Carlyle
3348:Britain
3321:Novalis
3276:Gutzkow
3224:Germany
3190:Mérimée
3175:Gautier
3102:Barreto
3097:Azevedo
3077:Alencar
3057:Writers
2976:Byronic
2912:Purismo
2766:Germany
2748:Denmark
2663:Niagara
2476:Museums
2159:Artists
2149:Realism
2067:Related
2051:Museums
1941:Niagara
1644:Sources
1566:3257164
886:Niagara
815:Gallery
668:Persian
636:Baalbek
489:Niagara
467:Cayambe
441:Ecuador
232:Vermont
125:Niagara
4996:Wellek
4976:de Man
4961:Janion
4951:Ferber
4926:Berlin
4921:Beiser
4916:Barzun
4911:Abrams
4888:Wiertz
4873:Turner
4823:Révoil
4808:Palmer
4798:Martin
4793:Leutze
4768:Janmot
4728:Fuseli
4683:Church
4575:Quinet
4565:Müller
4520:Goethe
4515:Fichte
4438:Franck
4380:Serbia
4331:Glinka
4304:Russia
4290:Tausig
4285:Stolpe
4265:Chopin
4253:Poland
4214:Busoni
4178:Heller
4147:Wagner
4082:Brahms
4056:Onslow
4046:Halévy
4014:France
3995:Reicha
3985:Dvořák
3954:Mahler
3949:Hummel
3944:Czerny
3840:Isaacs
3820:Geijer
3754:Lowell
3744:Irving
3724:Cooper
3719:Bryant
3661:Russia
3596:Njegoš
3591:Kostić
3586:Jakšić
3579:Serbia
3509:Norwid
3484:Fredro
3476:Poland
3446:Seward
3336:Uhland
3326:Schwab
3316:Mörike
3306:Kleist
3261:Goethe
3256:Fouqué
3205:Nodier
3200:Nerval
3195:Musset
3147:France
3137:Varela
3132:Taunay
3117:Macedo
3065:Brazil
3015:Ossian
2942:Themes
2781:Poland
2776:Norway
2758:France
2043:(1871)
2024:(1877)
2008:(1874)
2000:(1871)
1992:(1867)
1984:(1865)
1976:(1862)
1968:(1861)
1960:(1860)
1952:(1859)
1944:(1857)
1936:(1855)
1791:
1770:
1751:
1734:
1717:
1698:
1679:
1660:
1564:
1482:
1427:
1399:
1347:. 2011
1246:
988:, 1867
953:, 1861
872:, 1857
857:, 1855
729:Legacy
698:, and
608:Beirut
415:, the
407:(1873)
396:(1862)
383:(1859)
370:Career
311:Kosmos
306:Kosmos
230:, and
86:, U.S.
5082:Bacon
4991:Rosen
4986:Ricks
4981:Nancy
4941:Blume
4936:Bloom
4858:Stroy
4843:Saleh
4838:Runge
4788:Lampi
4773:Jones
4763:Hayez
4698:Corot
4663:Blake
4630:Tieck
4620:Staël
4545:Larra
4530:Hegel
4485:Burke
4443:Grieg
4433:Field
4428:Elgar
4411:Other
4244:Verdi
4202:Italy
4193:Liszt
4183:Hubay
4168:Erkel
4152:Weber
4137:Spohr
4097:Loewe
4087:Bruch
4051:Méhul
4041:Fauré
4031:Auber
4026:Alkan
3885:Raffi
3855:Mácha
3845:Lenau
3795:Botev
3768:Other
3620:Spain
3555:Dinis
3441:Scott
3416:Keats
3396:Clare
3386:Byron
3381:Burns
3361:Blake
3346:Great
3331:Tieck
3286:Heine
3281:Hauff
3215:Vigny
3210:Staël
3170:Dumas
3092:Assis
3087:Alves
3072:Abreu
3025:Rhine
2928:Ultra
2771:Japan
2613:Works
2579:Olana
1562:JSTOR
1244:S2CID
1108:Notes
713:, on
616:Petra
604:Jaffa
557:Olana
433:Quito
4956:Frye
4883:Ward
4878:Veit
4833:Rude
4783:Koch
4758:Gude
4753:Goya
4703:Dahl
4693:Cole
4021:Adam
3969:Wolf
3712:U.S.
3611:Zmaj
3241:Beer
3180:Hugo
3127:Reis
3107:Dias
2971:Hero
2906:Post
2867:Jena
2837:Dark
1789:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1749:ISBN
1715:LCCN
1696:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1615:2022
1480:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1397:ISBN
1378:2023
1353:2018
1201:2014
1149:2012
634:and
439:and
360:and
348:and
253:and
92:Died
70:Born
4453:Sor
4326:Cui
3759:Poe
2892:Pre
2887:Neo
1554:doi
1236:doi
674:.
587:by
431:in
238:.
206:in
198:in
5147::
5108:←
2147:/
1601:.
1560:.
1548:.
1527:^
1462:21
1411:^
1343:.
1242:.
1232:29
1230:.
1218:^
1166:^
1140:.
1136:.
1125:^
1079:,
1074:c.
915:,
893:,
725:.
721:,
650:,
582:c.
544:.
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249:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
128:,
56:c.
5121:→
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2719:t
2712:v
2113:e
2106:t
2099:v
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1898:t
1891:v
1797:.
1776:.
1757:.
1738:.
1721:.
1704:.
1685:.
1666:.
1617:.
1568:.
1556::
1550:4
1488:.
1433:.
1405:.
1380:.
1371:"
1367:"
1355:.
1250:.
1238::
1203:.
1151:.
1071:,
78:)
74:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
