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500:"it falls short of the 150 albums which Franco claimed back in the mid-1980s, but no doubt some of those were collections of singles for the African market"). Ten albums on the list were issued in 1983 alone. Other statements include: "he released roughly 150 albums and three thousand songs, of which Franco himself wrote about one thousand;" "Franco’s prolific output amounted to T.P.O.K releasing two songs a week over his nearly 40-year career, which ultimately comprised a catalogue of some 1000 songs;" "With his band OK Jazz he released at least 400 singles (more than half later compiled onto LP or CD) . . . . Ewens list 36 CDs; Asahi-net has 83;" and "from June 1956 to August 1961 the band recorded 320 tracks for the 78 rpm music label Loningisa."
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labels, in a variety of countries in Africa and Europe as well as the United States. In the 1990s, many of the albums were reissued in CD form by various record labels but haphazardly reorganized, often combining various parts of multiple albums onto single CDs. Since 2000, several compilations have been issued collecting aspects of Franco's work, most notably
396:, Franco was arrested and jailed for a "motoring offence." Upon his release, he regained and reinforced his local reputation as the "Sorcerer of the Guitar." His guitar technique was so influential that by the end of the 1950s and for years afterward, Congolese guitarists were divided into two camps, one led by Franco and the other led by
508:, a pair of two-CD sets of highlights issued by Stern's in 2007 and 2009 and spanning Franco's entire career. Through 2020, the Planet Ilunga record label is still able to issue (on vinyl and digitally) compilations that include tracks which had never been reissued since their original release as singles.
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in the thoroughly researched discography (based on the work of Ronnie Graham) in Ewens' 1994 biography of Franco; this list does not include compilation albums that also have other performers, or O.K. Jazz tribute albums and compilations issued after Franco's death (Ewens noted about this number that
503:
As a rough explanation of its nature, in the 1950s and 1960s Franco and TPOK Jazz issued singles, either 78rpm (1950s) or 45rpm (1960s), as well as some albums that were compilations of singles, and in the 1970s and 1980s they issued longer albums. All of this was done by a large number of record
356:
In 1955, Franco was among a loose group of
Leopoldville musicians that began working together under the auspices of the Loningisa studio; the group was known as Bana Loningisa (children of Loningisa). In 1956, an original founding core of six of those musicians, with Franco as the sole guitarist,
344:
record label and studio, who hired both as studio musicians. Franco released at least three records in 1953 with Watam on
Loningisa, on which he was credited as Lwambo François. Also in 1953, Franco released on Loningisa his first solo record, "Bolingo Na Ngai Na Beatrice" (my love for Beatrice),
494:
It is difficult to summarize the enormous volume of recordings issued by Franco (virtually all of them with TPOK Jazz), and work remains to be done in this area. The range of estimates suggest both the size of, and the uncertainties about, his output. An often-cited number is that Graeme Ewens
597:, that "Franco is beyond doubt Africa's most popular and influential musician." This is in addition to listing Franco first in his book's rank-ordered section on Congo and Zaire, and putting on the book's cover, to represent African music, a waist-up photo of Franco playing guitar.
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Franco was a member for 33 years, from its founding in 1956 until his death in 1989, of TPOK Jazz, which has been called "arguably the most influential
African band of the second half of the 20th century," and he was its co-leader or sole leader for most of that period.
319:
In 1950, Franco (then age 12), Dewayon (age 16), and others formed a group called Watam. They performed together for three years at weddings and funerals. With the support of Franco's mentor, the established musician Albert
Luampasi, they recorded a few songs on the
365:
was the original leader of O.K. Jazz, Franco was a prolific songwriter; Essous called him a "kind of genius" for having written over a hundred songs in his notebooks at that time. O.K. Jazz quickly became a rival to the leading established local band of that time,
312:. When his father, a railroad worker, died in 1949, he ended his formal education at age 10 or 11 and helped his mother by playing a homemade guitar, harmonica and other instruments to attract customers to her market stall in LĂ©opoldville's
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Through the 1960s, Franco and O.K. Jazz "toured regularly and recorded prolifically." By 1967 Franco was a co-leader of the band, with vocalist Vicky. When Vicky left in 1970, Franco became the sole leader of the band.
418:
In 1978, Franco was imprisoned for two months by Zaire's
President Mobutu for the lyrics to his songs "Helene" and "Jackie." Later the same year, however, President Mobutu decorated him for his musical contributions.
361:, from the place it had begun (it has also been said that O.K. stood for Orchestre Kinois, or the band of Kinshasa), and they were "baptized" under that name at a June 6, 1956 show at the O.K. Bar. While clarinetist
586:
Franco is commonly described as the preeminent
African musical figure of the 20th century. For example, world-music expert Alistair Johnston calls him "the giant of 20th century African music." A reviewer in
374:. In December 1956, after some personnel changes, the new (and short-lived) lineup of O.K. Jazz released a rumba written by Franco' that would become the band's motto: "On Entre O.K., On Sort K.O."
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wrote that Franco "was widely recognised as the continent's greatest musician, back in the years before Ali Farka Touré or
Toumani Diabaté." Ronnie Graham wrote, in his encyclopedic 1988
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464:, of AIDS. (He never publicly acknowledged having AIDS, and while many sources flatly report it as the cause of death, others report this as unconfirmed, e.g.,
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agreed to accept a regular, paid gig at the O.K. Bar, named after its owner, Oskar
Kashama. A few weeks later, needing a name for a contract, the band used
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neighborhood. He also honed his guitar-playing by working with Paul "Dewayon" Ebengo, a slightly older friend who had a real guitar.
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that carried the song forward as on the crest of a wave," while percussion parts are "a cushion supporting the band, rather than a
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Franco's music often relied on huge ensembles, with as many as six vocalists and several guitarists. According to a description, "
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which made Franco a local celebrity in
Kinshasa. Bowane is also said to have given the young musician his lifelong name, Franco.
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uses "of an illness believed to be AIDS.") Upon his death, President Mobutu declared four days of national mourning in Zaire.
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Franco was married twice. He reportedly fathered eighteen children (seventeen of them girls) with fourteen women.
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Luambo recorded a 21-minute track, “Na
Lingaka Yo Yo Te”. It is the longest song recorded by a Congolese artist.
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In his thirty-three years with the band, Franco and TPOK Jazz released hundreds of singles and over 100 albums.
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259:, the most popular and significant African band of its time and arguably of all time. He is referred to as
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661:"Franco" Luambo Makiadi* And His O.K. Jazz* – Live Recording of the Afro European Tour Volume 2 (LP, album)
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247:(6 July 1938 – 12 October 1989) was a Congolese musician. He was a major figure in 20th-century
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1390:"Jazz Safari features Congo's Music Legend Franco and His Challenge to Society: Beware of AIDS"
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are said to play the same role in Franco's style that blues notes fill in rock and roll.
669:"Franco" Luambo Makiadi* & His O.K Jazz* – Live Recording of the Afro European Tour
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La Vie Des Hommes – Ida – Celio (30 Ans De Carrière – 6 Juin 1956 – 6 Juin 1986) (LP)
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And then, another change to Tout Puissant O.K. Jazz (T.P.O.K. Jazz) (which stands in
385:(Bowane had left Loningisa after being outshone there by O.K. Jazz). While vocalist
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Le Grand Maitre Franco* - Baniel - Nana et le T.P.O.K. Jazz* - Les "On Dit" (LP)
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544:. Instead of raw, single-note lines, Franco built his band's style around crisp
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ranked him at number 71 on its list of the 250 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.
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Rumba on the river : a history of the popular music of the two Congos
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In 1957, O.K. Jazz lost its leader, Essous, as well as original vocalist
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1553:"New release: Franco & l'orchestre O.K. Jazz – La Rumba de mi Vida"
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might engage in an upbeat dialogue with the guitar, or set up hypnotic
545:
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1107:"The Kinshasa cowboys: How Buffalo Bill started a subculture in Congo"
1044:"Dossier - Luambo-Makiadi "Franco", comme vous ne l'avez jamais connu"
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A fan page for Franco and OK Jazz describing events decade by decade
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Franco played in the United States once, in 1983, appearing twice in
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Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos
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Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos
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record label. During this period Luambo became associated with the
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279:", sold more than 200,000 copies and was certified gold. In 2023,
218:
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In 1958, after O.K. Jazz returned to Leopoldville after a year in
1312:"The Death of Simaro Lutumba Closes a Chapter of Congolese Music"
1046:[File - Luambo-Makiadi "Franco", as you never knew him].
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In 1953, Franco and Dewayon auditioned for musician and producer
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381:, when they were hired away by Bowane for his new record label,
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1476:"The Return of the Rumba. "Franco, The Sorcerer of the Guitar""
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457:
774:
The Rough Guide To Franco: Africa's Legendary Guitar Maestro
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Congo Colossus: The Life and Legacy of Franco & OK Jazz
1422:
Congo Colossus: The Life and Legacy of Franco & OK Jazz
1137:[The memory of Luambo Makiadi Franco and Ok Jazz].
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in general, principally as the leader for over 30 years of
1289:. United Kingdom: Africa Books Limited. pp. 237–238.
1111:
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Franco Et Le T.P.O.K. Jazz – L'Animation Non Stop (LP)
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became the band's new leader, Franco also stepped up.
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Musical style, critical evaluations, and significance
1655:"CD: Franco & Le TPOK Jazz, Francophonic Vol. 1"
1135:"Le souvenir de Luambo Makiadi Franco et l'Ok Jazz"
762:
3eme Anniversaire de la Mort du Grand Maitre Yorgho
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834:Pas Un Pas Sans… The Boleros of O.K. Jazz 1957-77
685:Franco Et Sam Mangwana Avec Le T.P. O.K. Jazz* –
1825:AIDS-related deaths in the Republic of the Congo
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1528:"O.K. Jazz - The Loningisa Years 1956-1961 2xLP"
798:Francophonic: A Retrospective, Vol. 2: 1980-1989
653:Franco Et L'Orchestre T.P.O.K. Jazz* – Untitled
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1204:The Da Capo guide to contemporary African music
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786:Francophonic: A Retrospective Vol. 1 1953-1980
486:(left), and Joseph "Mujos" Mulama (center) in
444:Luambo was a vocal supporter of Zaire's ruler
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854:Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
737:Franco Et Sam Mangwana – For Ever (LP, Cass)
293:Born 6 July 1938 in his mother's hometown of
1450:"Franco & le TPOK Jazz – 'Francophonic'"
687:Franco Et Sam Mangwana Avec Le T.P.O.K. Jazz
1800:Democratic Republic of the Congo guitarists
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1601:
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595:Da Capo Guide to Contemporary African Music
528:Franco's guitar playing was unlike that of
1805:Democratic Republic of the Congo musicians
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613:This is a very preliminary, partial list.
1364:"Spotlight on Congolese Superstar Franco"
1337:"The mixed legacy of DRC musician Franco"
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1022:Rumba on the River: Web home of the book
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1686:. North Walsham, Norfolk: Buku Press.
1583:"The James Brown of Africa (Part Two)"
1260:"The James Brown of Africa (Part One)"
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1042:Ossinonde, Clément (12 October 2020).
520:A statue depicting Franco unveiled in
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1133:Ossinondé, Clément (5 October 2009).
880:
820:Franco & l'Orchestre O.K. Jazz –
448:. However, they soon became enemies.
275:by female fans. His most known hit, "
1653:Denselow, Robin (14 November 2008).
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1287:Makers of Modern Africa (Second ed.)
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630:Franco & Orchestre O.K. Jazz* –
1727:Discography of Franco & OK Jazz
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1018:"Franco (Luambo Makiadi, François)"
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552:, which "bounced around the beat."
456:Franco died on 12 October 1989, at
400:of Joseph Kabasele's African Jazz.
13:
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1310:Niarchos, Nicolas (25 June 2019).
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308:, he grew up in the capital city,
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1743:Franco phonic – Vol. 1: 1953–1980
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760:Franco & son T.P.O.K. Jazz –
53:Luambo Makiadi In the early 1970s
1414:Ewens, Graeme (4 January 1994).
1105:Page, Thomas (8 December 2015).
796:Franco & le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
784:Franco & le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
709:Franco & Le T.P.O.K. Jazz –
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121:
109:Democratic Republic of the Congo
47:
1608:Lusk, Jon (22 September 2007).
1362:Schnabel, Tom (4 August 2020).
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1303:
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677:Soki Odefi Zongisa (LP, album)
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1098:
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245:François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi
70:François Luambo Luanzo Makiadi
1:
986:. Zenbu Media. Archived from
980:"World Music Legends: Franco"
874:
810:The Loningisa Years 1956-1961
288:
30: and the post-surname is
579:to raise the energy level."
267:. Known for his mastery of
7:
1206:. New York: Da Capo Press.
931:. Verso. pp. 292–293.
842:
439:
352:O.K. Jazz in Brussels, 1961
340:, then with Leopoldville's
310:LĂ©opoldville (now Kinshasa)
10:
1846:
1737:1983 Interview with Franco
1610:"Madilu System (obituary)"
1585:. Jazz.com. Archived from
1262:. Jazz.com. Archived from
1232:"Franco: artist biography"
978:Al Angeloro (March 2005).
701:1983 De Bruxelles A Paris
379:Philippe "Rossignol" Lando
17:
1790:People from Kongo Central
869:List of African musicians
836:(2 records, and digital)
824:(2 records, and digital)
812:(2 records, and digital)
697:Franco & Tabu Ley* –
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1763:17 December 2008 at the
1748:19 December 2019 at the
1394:New England Public Radio
644:Franco & L'O.K. Jazz
642:Franco & OK Jazz* –
451:
1820:20th-century guitarists
1230:Nickson, Chris (2006).
1202:Graham, Ronnie (1988).
957:Rolling Stone Australia
482:Franco Luambo (right),
1701:Stewart, Gary (2004).
1682:Ewens, Graeme (1994).
1454:Brave New World (blog)
1424:. Buku Press. 270-306
1285:Uwechue, Raph (1991).
1080:Stewart, Gary (2000).
925:Stewart, Gary (2003).
525:
491:
413:The Almighty O.K. Jazz
353:
59:Background information
632:L'Afrique Danse No. 6
519:
481:
351:
304:in what was then the
1795:Belgian Congo people
1634:Johnston, Alastair.
1589:on 28 September 2012
1501:Johnston, Alistair.
1341:New African Magazine
990:on 28 September 2007
743:Compilation albums:
609:Selected discography
548:, often of only two
1830:Culture of Kinshasa
899:"Franco de Mi Amor"
822:La Rumba de mi Vida
562:consonant intervals
495:listed eighty-four
1480:Afro-Sonic Mapping
526:
492:
354:
1815:TPOK Jazz members
1810:Soukous musicians
1741:Liner notes from
1559:. 21 January 2020
1482:. 16 January 2019
1084:. London: Verso.
959:. 15 October 2023
938:978-1-85984-368-0
895:Christgau, Robert
840:
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363:Jean Serge Essous
273:Franco de Mi Amor
239:
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232:African Sun Music
146:Province of Namur
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1343:. 15 August 2018
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1266:on 25 March 2012
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953:"Franco Luambo"
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1712:978-1859843680
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1636:"Congo part 1"
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1503:"Congo part 3"
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1435:978-0952365518
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387:Vicky Longomba
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142:(aged 51)
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20:Congolese name
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1456:. 20 May 2012
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1417:"Discography"
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904:Village Voice
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282:Rolling Stone
278:
274:
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269:African Rumba
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261:Franco Luambo
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253:African music
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187:Instrument(s)
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157:African rumba
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103:Belgian Congo
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77:Also known as
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68:
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57:
50:
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41:Franco Luambo
38:
33:
29:
25:
21:
16:
1758:Sterns Music
1702:
1683:
1662:. Retrieved
1659:The Guardian
1658:
1648:
1639:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1581:Giola, Ted.
1561:. Retrieved
1556:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
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1397:. Retrieved
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1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1340:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
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1305:
1286:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:the original
1258:Giola, Ted.
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1235:
1203:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1128:
1116:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1081:
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
992:. Retrieved
988:the original
983:
973:
961:. Retrieved
956:
947:
927:
920:
908:. Retrieved
902:
833:
832:O.K. Jazz –
821:
809:
808:O.K. Jazz –
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590:The Guardian
588:
585:
581:
566:
554:Major thirds
534:Muddy Waters
527:
506:Francophonic
505:
502:
493:
490:, circa 1963
488:LĂ©opoldville
465:
455:
443:
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406:
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398:Docteur Nico
391:
376:
368:African Jazz
355:
338:Henri Bowane
335:
328:subculture.
318:
292:
280:
272:
264:
260:
244:
243:
229:Le Passeport
198:Years active
140:(1989-10-12)
107:(modern-day
31:
27:
15:
1785:1989 deaths
1780:1938 births
1619:27 November
1399:19 November
1373:19 November
1347:19 November
1321:19 November
1170:20 November
1141:(in French)
1050:(in French)
1027:20 November
546:open chords
542:Chuck Berry
394:Brazzaville
314:Ngiri-Ngiri
298: [
202:1950s–1980s
167:Occupations
96:6 July 1938
1774:Categories
1664:4 December
1563:5 December
1537:5 December
1512:5 December
1486:5 December
1460:5 December
1296:0903274183
875:References
560:and other
289:Early life
263:or simply
179:songwriter
92:1938-07-06
65:Birth name
1754:Ken Braun
1705:. Verso.
1640:Muzikifan
1507:muzikifan
1426:320 pages
1237:All Music
1145:22 August
1139:Congopage
1054:22 August
1048:Congopage
849:TPOK Jazz
772:Franco –
342:Loningisa
295:Sona-Bata
257:TPOK Jazz
176:guitarist
148:, Belgium
129:Congolese
99:Sona Bata
1761:Archived
1746:Archived
1118:8 August
843:See also
800:(2 CDs)
788:(2 CDs)
532:such as
530:bluesmen
522:Kinshasa
440:Politics
427:New York
219:SonoDisc
18:In this
1165:Discogs
1161:"Watam"
994:14 July
864:Soukous
524:in 2015
462:Belgium
359:OK Jazz
161:soukous
24:surname
1709:
1690:
1593:22 May
1432:
1293:
1270:22 May
1243:22 May
1210:
1088:
963:27 May
935:
910:22 May
752:Album
622:Album
558:sixths
497:albums
409:French
383:Esengo
370:under
332:Career
265:Franco
251:, and
223:Edipop
207:Labels
192:vocals
190:Guitar
173:Singer
153:Genres
126:
117:Origin
81:Franco
28:Luambo
22:, the
776:(CD)
764:(CD)
749:Year
689:(LP)
634:(LP)
619:Year
573:vamps
569:horns
550:notes
540:like
458:Namur
452:Death
326:Bills
322:Ngoma
302:]
277:Mario
214:Ngoma
1707:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1666:2020
1621:2020
1595:2019
1565:2020
1539:2020
1514:2020
1488:2020
1462:2020
1430:ISBN
1401:2020
1375:2020
1368:KCRW
1349:2020
1323:2020
1291:ISBN
1272:2019
1245:2019
1208:ISBN
1172:2020
1147:2024
1120:2024
1086:ISBN
1056:2024
1029:2020
996:2012
965:2024
933:ISBN
912:2019
829:2020
817:2020
805:2017
793:2009
781:2007
769:2001
757:1993
734:1989
726:1988
718:1987
706:1986
694:1983
682:1982
674:1981
666:1977
658:1977
650:1974
639:1973
627:1969
577:prod
556:and
411:for
226:CHOC
135:Died
86:Born
1752:by
1112:CNN
536:or
460:in
429:'s
26:is
1776::
1756:/
1657:.
1638:.
1612:.
1573:^
1555:.
1530:.
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1234:.
1222:^
1180:^
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1064:^
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1004:^
982:.
955:.
901:.
882:^
433:.
415:)
300:fr
159:,
101:,
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998:.
967:.
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111:)
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90:(
34:.
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