205:
130:. He was in command of the troops in Barcelona when a military revolt was attempted on 19 July 1936. He was imprisoned by the rebels, and after the revolt was relieved of his command. He was given command of the Army of the North in November 1936 but was not able to form a unified command. He was handicapped by regional jealousies and a mixed command of regular troops and militia. He was dismissed in May 1937 shortly before the north of Spain fell to the insurgents. He took refuge in Mexico after the war.
267:
255:. Although he was technically commander of the Republican Army of the North, he completely failed to form a unified command. He did not have clear instructions about the role he was to play, and friction soon developed with Aguirre. The commanders of the three militia forces resisted any interference. Llano de la Encomienda was even subjected to a customs inspection when crossing the "border" from Asturias to Santander at
196:(FAI) the workers organized themselves, joined by loyal troops and guards, and counterattacked the next day. After hard fighting they regained control of Barcelona. Llano de la Encomienda was dismissed from his command after the uprising. He was quarantined for a period, since after his poor performance during the revolt the Republican authorities were not completely sure of his loyalty.
275:
It acknowledged his role in coordinating joint actions of the Basque, Santander and
Asturian forces, and promised to supply aid to the Santander and Asturias units where possible. In effect, Aguirre had removed the Basque forces from Llano de la Encomienda's command. On several occasions Llano de la Encomienda complained bitterly to Spanish prime minister
320:
until the last moment, then escaped by sea to France. He returned to
Barcelona, and was subject to a trial concerning his activities in the north, from which he was acquitted. Llano de la Encomienda was later placed in charge of training. In April 1938 he was no longer thought fit for active command,
274:
On 13 January 1937 Aguirre informed Llano de la
Encomienda that the Basque Council of Ministers had agreed that the Basque Government and its Minister of War retained jurisdiction over all war-related matters, and the use of human and material resources, apart from the command of military operations.
165:
that there was no unrest among the troops in the
Barcelona barracks. However, the troops began an uprising in the early hours of 19 July 1936 and captured key points in the city. There were 2,000 military rebels, but the Republicans had the support of the police and could call on 3,000 Civil Guards,
240:, president of the Basque Country, set up and presided over a General Staff, placed war industries under control of the military and called up reservists. By 26 November 1936 the Basque forces numbered 25,000, with an artillery regiment and support services. They tried to form a Basque army, the
304:, saying Llano de la Encomienda was incapable of commanding the 60,000 men of the Basque forces. Aguirre called him "the personification of military incompetence." Aguirre personally took military command in May. On 27 May 1937 Llano de la Encomienda was officially replaced by General
155:
The
Republican leaders trusted Llano de la Encomienda. They gave him command of the Barcelona division in February 1936, the 4th Division of the official army, although as a brigadier general he did not have the rank expected for that post. After General
160:
launched his rebellion, Llano de la
Encomienda told his officers on 18 July 1936 that he supported the Republican Union party, but given a choice between extremes would back the communists against the fascists. That day he assured the Catalan president
1012:
291:
to crush resistance. The Basque battalions finally obeyed Llano de la
Encomienda's order to accept numbers and form into brigades. With the Insurgents advancing on Bilbao in April 1937, Aguirre asked for General
286:
began a campaign in the north on 31 March 1937. His first goal was to capture the industrial areas of Basque
Country. The campaign was ruthless, using massive artillery strikes and bombing of cities such as
175:
Llano de la
Encomienda was indecisive in his response to the crisis. He continued to give orders and make telephone calls in an effort to stop the revolt, which caused some confusion among the rebels. The
321:
but was
Inspector-General of Infantry. After the fall of Catalonia he returned to the central zone. At the end of the war he escaped to France, and soon after moved to Mexico, where he died in 1963.
47:
279:
about Aguirre's refusal to cooperate. Aguirre later said the Llano de la Encomienda's military advisers had been plotting to undermine the Basque Staff.
1007:
147:
in Morocco. He had two tours of duty in Morocco, where his performance was excellent. He was promoted to the rank of General in 1931.
224:. These regions maintained considerable political and military autonomy. In the mining region of Asturias the militias were led by
177:
1002:
877:
263:. This was a key objective, since it would open land communications between the Basque Country and France. The attempt failed.
961:
934:
907:
860:
833:
803:
755:
728:
698:
221:
186:
237:
192:
122:(17 September 1879 – 1963) was a Spanish soldier who served in Africa and was promoted to General in 1931. During the
228:, head of the Popular Front committee for that region. The armed forces in Santander (Cantabria) were led by
337:
305:
204:
992:
252:
276:
184:
arrived in the city from Majorca and imprisoned Llano de la Encomienda. Led by the anarchists of the
296:
to be dispatched to Bilbao. The request was refused since Asensio was distrusted after the loss of
259:. A cheese was confiscated. In November 1936 Llano de la Encomienda launched an attempt to capture
771:
301:
127:
293:
229:
951:
897:
823:
745:
718:
924:
850:
688:
997:
987:
168:
795:
8:
181:
819:
225:
957:
930:
903:
856:
829:
799:
751:
724:
694:
123:
111:
881:
162:
492:
490:
157:
46:
788:
260:
487:
143:
Llano de la Encomienda was born in 1879. He gained military experience in the
981:
714:
17:
283:
82:
1013:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
899:
Historia de la Iglesia en España, 1931-1939: La Guerra Civil, 1936-1939
233:
878:"Biografi-as del bando republicano: Francisco Llano de la Encomienda"
217:
770:
496:
297:
266:
288:
213:
317:
256:
144:
21:
383:
381:
379:
248:
67:
774:. Sociedad Benéfica de Historiadores Aficionados y Creadores
475:
376:
316:
Bilbao fell on 19 June 1937. Llano de la Encomienda was in
236:. The Basque militias were militarized on 26 October 1936.
582:
580:
654:
652:
625:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
567:
565:
349:
347:
690:
The Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939
577:
552:
550:
548:
546:
533:
531:
529:
366:
364:
362:
247:
On 15 November 1936 Llano de la Encomienda was sent to
637:
402:
400:
398:
396:
649:
604:
592:
562:
502:
453:
451:
344:
664:
543:
526:
514:
463:
436:
424:
359:
208:
Insurgent advances in the north March–September 1937
412:
393:
787:
448:
875:
387:
979:
300:. At the end of April Aguirre asked for General
28: and the second or maternal family name is
926:Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War
848:
481:
244:, although the constitution prohibited this.
923:Salvadó, Francisco J. Romero (2013-03-14).
720:Anarchist Immigrants in Spain and Argentina
852:War and Revolution in Catalonia, 1936-1939
45:
1008:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
743:
631:
818:
586:
497:Francisco Llano de la Encomienda – SBHAC
265:
203:
922:
895:
643:
619:
353:
338:""Escala general del Ejército activo.""
980:
953:The Spanish Civil War: Revised Edition
949:
794:. Cambridge University Press. p.
785:
686:
670:
658:
598:
571:
556:
537:
520:
508:
469:
442:
430:
418:
406:
370:
790:The Spanish Republic at War 1936-1939
849:Pagès i Blanch, Pelai (2013-10-10).
750:(in French). Editions Le Manuscrit.
713:
457:
232:, formerly a battalion commander in
199:
150:
126:(1936–39) he remained loyal to the
13:
772:"Francisco Llano de la Encomienda"
187:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
14:
1024:
956:. Random House Publishing Group.
723:. University of Illinois Press.
120:Francisco Llano de la Encomienda
39:Francisco Llano de la Encomienda
902:(in Spanish). Ediciones Rialp.
828:. International Publishers Co.
311:
138:
825:Autobiography of La Pasionaria
744:Fernandez, José Maria (2006).
693:. Cambridge University Press.
687:Alpert, Michael (2013-02-28).
330:
270:Basque pro-Republican fighters
212:The Army of the North covered
1:
1003:Captains General of Catalonia
193:Federación Anarquista Ibérica
166:3,200 Assault Guards and 300
786:Graham, Helen (2002-12-19).
20:, the first or paternal
7:
950:Thomas, Hugh (2013-11-06).
10:
1029:
876:Ramón Puche Maciá (2008).
679:
253:Francisco Ciutat de Miguel
15:
896:Redondo, Gonzalo (1993).
277:Francisco Largo Caballero
106:
98:
90:
75:
53:
44:
37:
324:
133:
128:Second Spanish Republic
388:Ramón Puche Maciá 2008
306:Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri
282:The Francoist General
271:
251:. He replaced Captain
209:
302:Sebastián Pozas Perea
269:
207:
294:José Asensio Torrado
238:José Antonio Aguirre
929:. Scarecrow Press.
482:Pagès i Blanch 2013
182:Manuel Goded Llopis
747:La vallée du Nalón
272:
210:
993:People from Ceuta
963:978-0-8041-5216-7
936:978-0-8108-8009-2
909:978-84-321-3016-8
862:978-90-04-25427-5
835:978-0-7178-0468-9
820:Ibárruri, Dolores
805:978-0-521-45932-7
757:978-2-304-92965-2
730:978-0-252-09697-6
700:978-1-107-32857-0
230:José García Vayas
200:Army of the North
169:Mossos d'Esquadra
151:Barcelona command
124:Spanish Civil War
117:
116:
112:Spanish Civil War
79:1963 (aged 73–74)
64:17 September 1879
1020:
973:
971:
970:
946:
944:
943:
919:
917:
916:
892:
890:
889:
880:. Archived from
872:
870:
869:
845:
843:
842:
815:
813:
812:
793:
782:
780:
779:
767:
765:
764:
740:
738:
737:
710:
708:
707:
674:
668:
662:
656:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
602:
596:
590:
584:
575:
569:
560:
554:
541:
535:
524:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
391:
385:
374:
368:
357:
351:
342:
341:
334:
242:Eusko Gudarostea
158:Francisco Franco
63:
61:
49:
35:
34:
30:de la Encomienda
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1017:
978:
977:
976:
968:
966:
964:
941:
939:
937:
914:
912:
910:
887:
885:
867:
865:
863:
840:
838:
836:
810:
808:
806:
777:
775:
762:
760:
758:
735:
733:
731:
705:
703:
701:
682:
677:
669:
665:
657:
650:
642:
638:
630:
626:
618:
605:
597:
593:
585:
578:
570:
563:
555:
544:
536:
527:
519:
515:
507:
503:
495:
488:
480:
476:
468:
464:
456:
449:
441:
437:
429:
425:
417:
413:
405:
394:
386:
377:
369:
360:
352:
345:
336:
335:
331:
327:
314:
226:Belarmino Tomás
202:
153:
141:
136:
86:
80:
71:
65:
59:
57:
40:
33:
12:
11:
5:
1026:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
975:
974:
962:
947:
935:
920:
908:
893:
873:
861:
846:
834:
816:
804:
783:
768:
756:
741:
729:
717:(2015-04-10).
715:Baer, James A.
711:
699:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:
663:
661:, p. 210.
648:
646:, p. 267.
636:
634:, p. 130.
632:Fernandez 2006
624:
603:
601:, p. 523.
591:
589:, p. 275.
576:
574:, p. 247.
561:
542:
525:
513:
511:, p. 147.
501:
486:
474:
462:
460:, p. 152.
447:
445:, p. 223.
435:
433:, p. 221.
423:
411:
392:
375:
373:, p. 340.
358:
356:, p. 192.
343:
328:
326:
323:
313:
310:
222:Basque Country
201:
198:
163:Lluís Companys
152:
149:
140:
137:
135:
132:
115:
114:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
73:
72:
66:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1025:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
965:
959:
955:
954:
948:
938:
932:
928:
927:
921:
911:
905:
901:
900:
894:
884:on 2008-07-03
883:
879:
874:
864:
858:
854:
853:
847:
837:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
807:
801:
797:
792:
791:
784:
773:
769:
759:
753:
749:
748:
742:
732:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
702:
696:
692:
691:
685:
684:
673:, p. 88.
672:
667:
660:
655:
653:
645:
640:
633:
628:
622:, p. 76.
621:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
600:
595:
588:
587:Ibárruri 1966
583:
581:
573:
568:
566:
559:, p. 80.
558:
553:
551:
549:
547:
540:, p. 79.
539:
534:
532:
530:
523:, p. 81.
522:
517:
510:
505:
498:
493:
491:
484:, p. 27.
483:
478:
472:, p. 94.
471:
466:
459:
454:
452:
444:
439:
432:
427:
421:, p. 37.
420:
415:
409:, p. 62.
408:
403:
401:
399:
397:
389:
384:
382:
380:
372:
367:
365:
363:
355:
350:
348:
339:
333:
329:
322:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
206:
197:
195:
194:
189:
188:
183:
179:
173:
171:
170:
164:
159:
148:
146:
131:
129:
125:
121:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
78:
74:
69:
56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
27:
23:
19:
967:. Retrieved
952:
940:. Retrieved
925:
913:. Retrieved
898:
886:. Retrieved
882:the original
866:. Retrieved
851:
839:. Retrieved
824:
809:. Retrieved
789:
776:. Retrieved
761:. Retrieved
746:
734:. Retrieved
719:
704:. Retrieved
689:
666:
644:Redondo 1993
639:
627:
620:Salvadó 2013
594:
516:
504:
477:
465:
438:
426:
414:
354:Salvadó 2013
332:
315:
312:Later career
281:
273:
246:
241:
211:
191:
185:
174:
167:
154:
142:
139:Early career
119:
118:
29:
25:
18:Spanish name
998:1963 deaths
988:1879 births
671:Alpert 2013
659:Alpert 2013
599:Thomas 2013
572:Graham 2002
557:Alpert 2013
538:Alpert 2013
521:Alpert 2013
509:Alpert 2013
470:Graham 2002
443:Thomas 2013
431:Thomas 2013
419:Alpert 2013
407:Alpert 2013
371:Alpert 2013
284:Emilio Mola
178:Nationalist
110:General in
91:Nationality
83:Mexico City
982:Categories
969:2015-07-15
942:2015-07-14
915:2015-07-15
888:2015-07-14
868:2015-07-15
841:2015-07-15
811:2015-07-15
778:2015-07-14
763:2015-07-15
736:2015-07-15
706:2015-07-15
190:(CNT) and
99:Occupation
60:1879-09-17
855:. BRILL.
458:Baer 2015
218:Cantabria
822:(1966).
289:Guernica
220:and the
214:Asturias
180:General
85:, Mexico
16:In this
680:Sources
261:Vitoria
257:Unquera
234:Santoña
145:Rif War
102:Soldier
94:Spanish
70:, Spain
22:surname
960:
933:
906:
859:
832:
802:
754:
727:
697:
298:Málaga
249:Bilbao
325:Notes
318:Gijón
68:Ceuta
26:Llano
958:ISBN
931:ISBN
904:ISBN
857:ISBN
830:ISBN
800:ISBN
752:ISBN
725:ISBN
695:ISBN
134:Life
76:Died
54:Born
796:247
24:is
984::
798:.
651:^
606:^
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346:^
308:.
216:,
172:.
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918:.
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871:.
844:.
814:.
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709:.
499:.
390:.
340:.
62:)
58:(
32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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