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1384:. Walt Ruloff, a producer for the film, claimed that by rejecting intelligent design, Collins was "toeing the party line," a claim which Collins called "just ludicrous." In an interview he stated that "intelligent design is headed for collapse in the not too distant future" and that "science class ought to be about science, and opening the door to religious perspectives in that setting is a big mistake." In 2007, Collins founded the
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945:'s "focused protection" herd immunity strategy, calling it "a fringe component of epidemiology. This is not mainstream science. It's dangerous. It fits into the political views of certain parts of our confused political establishment." In a private email to Fauci, Collins called the authors of the declaration "fringe epidemiologists" and said that "There needs to be a quick and devastating published take down of its premises".
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of interventions to reduce cancer incidence and improve patient outcomes. In 2016, Collins instituted a number of clinical trial reforms to enhance protection of participants in research and improve reporting of research results in
ClinicalTrials.gov. In 2017, Collins implemented the Next Generation Researchers Initiative to improve the odds for early investigators to win NIH grants.
2584:"It is humbling for me, and awe-inspiring," he said, standing at Clinton's side, "to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God." That moment moved Collins -- who is married and has two grown daughters — to talk more publicly about his faith and to write the book. "It's been a bit like taking a public bath," he said.
754:. He stated that "It is humbling for me, and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God." An initial analysis was published in February 2001, and scientists worked toward finishing the reference version of the human genome sequence by 2003, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of
1295:." After several years of deliberation, he finally converted to Christianity during a trip to the Cascade Mountains, where he describes a striking image of a frozen waterfall as removing his final resistance, resulting in his conversion the following morning. He has described himself as a "serious Christian."
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In
January 2016, President Obama announced a new initiative to galvanize the nation's research efforts against cancer. Fueled by an additional $ 680 million in the proposed fiscal year 2017 budget for NIH, the National Cancer Moonshot Initiative aims to accelerate progress toward the next generation
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In 2014, Collins worked with the larger biomedical research community to create principles and guidelines to foster rigor and reproducibility in preclinical research, including incorporating sex as a biological variable to ensure differences in treatment response between men and women are addressed.
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as "a cop-out." In response, Collins clarified his position on agnosticism so as to exclude "earnest agnostics who have considered the evidence and still don't find an answer. I was reacting to the agnosticism I see in the scientific community, which has not been arrived at by a careful examination
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In other precedent-setting actions during his time as NIH director, Collins announced in
November 2015 that NIH will no longer support any biomedical research involving chimpanzees. In December 2015, Collins and other NIH leaders released a detailed plan that charted a course for NIH's efforts over
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and colleagues at
Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children identified the locus for the gene. It was then determined that a shortcut was needed to speed the process of identification, so Tsui contacted Collins, who agreed to collaborate with the Toronto team and share his chromosome-jumping technique.
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podcast, he said that the overall aim of the book was to show that "one can be intellectually in a rigorous position and argue that science and faith can be compatible", and that he was prompted to write the book because "most people are seeking a possible harmony between these worldviews , and it
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To support the
Administration's Stop Opioid Abuse Initiative, Collins launched the NIH HEAL (Helping to End Addiction Long-term) Initiative in April 2018. The NIH HEAL Initiative bolsters research across NIH to improve treatments for opioid misuse and addiction and enhance pain management. Also in
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referred to
Francis Collins as "one of the greatest living Americans" and stated that Collins was one of the most devout believers he had ever met. He further stated that Collins was sequencing the genome of the cancer that would ultimately claim Hitchens's life, and that their friendship despite
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In addition to his basic genetic research and scientific leadership, Collins is known for his close attention to ethical and legal issues in genetics. He has been a strong advocate for protecting the privacy of genetic information and has served as a national leader in securing the passage of the
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writer
Jocelyn Kaiser opined that Collins was "known as a skilled administrator and excellent communicator," that Obama's nomination "did not come as a big surprise" and that the appointment "ignited a volley of flattering remarks from researchers and biomedical groups." Yet, she wrote, Collins
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Eriksson, Maria; Brown, W. Ted; Gordon, Leslie B.; Glynn, Michael W.; Singer, Joel; Scott, Laura; Erdos, Michael R.; Robbins, Christiane M.; Moses, Tracy Y.; Berglund, Peter; Dutra, Amalia; Pak, Evgenia; Durkin, Sandra; Csoka, Antonei B.; Boehnke, Michael; Glover, Thomas W.; Collins, Francis S.
1443:, Collins stated that he is "intensely uncomfortable with abortion as a solution to anything" and does not "perceive a precise moment at which life begins other than the moment of conception." However, in the same interview it was said that Collins also "does not advocate changing the law."
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the ensuing five years. The NIH-Wide
Strategic Plan, Fiscal Years 2016-2020: Turning Discovery Into Health was aimed at ensuring the agency remains well positioned to capitalize on new opportunities for scientific exploration and to address new challenges for human health.
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in 2010 and the Pro Bono
Humanum Award of the Galien Foundation in 2012, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Public Service Award in 2017, the Pontifical Key Scientific Award in 2018, and the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize in 2018.
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We embrace the historical
Christian faith, upholding the authority and inspiration of the Bible. We affirm evolutionary creation, recognizing God as Creator of all life over billions of years. We seek truth, ever learning as we study the natural world and the
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At the public announcement of the completion of the Human Genome Project, its director, Francis Collins, said: 'It is humbling for me and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to
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in Staunton, Virginia. Through most of his high school and college years he aspired to be a chemist, and he had little interest in what he then considered the "messy" field of biology. What he referred to as his "formative education" was received at the
781:—which is now being used to discover variants correlated with disease risk. Among the labs engaged in that effort is Collins's own lab at NHGRI, which has sought to identify and understand the genetic variations that influence the risk of developing
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in the United States. Dr. Collins was the special advisor to President Biden on the Hepatitis C elimination plan. Dr. Collins's wrote an op-ed in The New York Times on the elimination plan advocating that the U.S. commit the appropriate resources.
1277:. However, a conversation with a hospital patient led him to question his lack of religious views, and he investigated various faiths. He familiarized himself with the evidence for and against God in cosmology, and on the recommendation of a
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addressing NIH grants to EcoHealth Alliance. Comer, who has held hearings criticizing the use of U.S. federal funds for research related to bat coronaviruses in China, subsequently accused Collins of having potentially misled the
1023:(PMI), later renamed the All of Us Research Program, in his State of the Union address. All of Us seeks to extend precision medicine to all diseases by building a national research cohort of 1 million or more U.S. participants.
3206:
Valantine, Hannah A. (November 2017). "50 Years to Gender Parity: Can STEM Afford to Wait?: A Cardiologist and NIH Chief Officer of Scientific Workforce Diversity Reflects on What It Will Take to Keep Women in Biomedicine".
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On July 8, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Collins as director of the National Institutes of Health, and the Senate unanimously confirmed him for the post. He was sworn in by Health and Human Services Secretary
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Chandrasekharappa, S. C.; Guru, S. C.; Manickam, P; Olufemi, S. E.; Collins, F. S.; Emmert-Buck, M. R.; Debelenko, L. V.; Zhuang, Z; Lubensky, I. A.; Liotta, L. A.; Crabtree, J. S.; Wang, Y; Roe, B. A.; Weisemann, J;
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federal Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act, which prohibits gene-based discrimination in employment and health insurance. In 2013, spurred by concerns over the publication of the genome of the widely used
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989:(BRAIN) Initiative, announced by President Obama and Collins on April 2, 2013, at the White House; and, in February 2014, the Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP), a public-private partnership between NIH, the
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2018, Collins launched an initiative to address sexual harassment in science and change a culture that sends messages to women and other underrepresented groups that they don't belong in biomedical research.
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to "contribute to the public voice that represents the harmony of science and faith." He served as the foundation's president until he was confirmed as director of the NIH. Collins has also spoken at the
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804:, Collins is also very interested in opening avenues for genome research to benefit the health of people living in developing nations. For example, in 2010, he helped establish an initiative called
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to expand the Sound Health Initiative, which was announced in February 2017. Sound Health aims to expand current knowledge and explore ways to enhance the potential for music as therapy for
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as a foundation to develop his religious views. He believes that people cannot be converted to Christianity by reason and argument alone, and that the final stage of conversion entails a "
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because it was deemed to be "important in helping us identify, understand, and develop strategies and effective countermeasures against rapidly evolving pathogens that pose a threat to
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655:, and in 1984 the two published a paper, "Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method". The method described was named
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797:, Collins and other NIH leaders worked with the Lacks family to reach an agreement to protect their privacy, while giving researchers controlled access to the genomic data.
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on September 8, 1989. This identification was followed by other genetic discoveries made by Collins and a variety of collaborators. They included isolation of the genes for
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sparked his interest in the subject. After consulting with his mentor from the University of Virginia, Carl Trindle, he changed fields and enrolled in medical school at the
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Collins announced his resignation as NHGRI director on May 28, 2008, but has continued to lead an active lab there with a research focus on progeria and type 2 diabetes.
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3171:(June 4, 2018). Prepared Statement of Dr. John Sarrao, Principal Associate Director, Science, Technology & Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report).
887:: "I have made it clear that I have no religious agenda for the N.I.H., and I think the vast majority of scientists have been reassured by that and have moved on."
862:. . . may help him build bridges with those who view some gene-based research as a potential threat to religious values." Collins's appointment was welcomed by the
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In 1994 Collins founded NHGRI's Division of Intramural Research, a collection of investigator-directed laboratories that conduct genome research on the NIH campus.
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and advocates the perspective that belief in Christianity can be reconciled with acceptance of evolution and science, especially through the idea that the
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of the evidence. I went through a phase when I was a casual agnostic, and I am perhaps too quick to assume that others have no more depth than I did."
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On October 5, 2021, Collins announced that he would resign as NIH director by the end of the year. Four months later in February 2022, he joined the
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736:(NHGRI) in 1997. As director he oversaw the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, which was the group that successfully carried out the
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Before being appointed director of the NIH, Collins led the Human Genome Project and other genomics research initiatives as director of the
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2665:"Transcript, Bob Abernethy's interview with Dr. Francis Collins, director of the Human Genome Project at the National Institutes of Health"
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1364:, emphasizing that denominational differences were not essential to him. He recalled that, growing up, he participated in the choir of an
1325:. He wrote that one can "think of DNA as an instructional script, a software program, sitting in the nucleus of the cell." He appeared on
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On October 5, 2021, Collins announced that he would resign as NIH director by the end of the year. His last day was 19 December 2021.
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faculty in 1984, rising to the rank of professor in internal medicine and human genetics. His gene-hunting approach, which he named "
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Tsui, LC; Buchwald M; Barker D (November 29, 1985). "Cystic fibrosis locus defined by a genetically linked polymorphic DNA marker".
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National Institutes of Health, "NIH and Wellcome Trust Announce Partnership to Support Population-Based Genome Studies in Africa,"
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1012:. The grants were terminated in 2020 under the Donald Trump administration, during Trump's feud with China over the origins of
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2797:""President Obama Announces Intent to Nominate Francis Collins as NIH Director," Press Office, the White House, July 8, 2009"
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4331:"Science versus religion: Lecture series invitees discuss implications for scientific progress to support or suppress faith"
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and the diversity of the scientific workforce. Other projects he took on early in his tenure included increased support for
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493:(NHGRI), one of the 27 institutes and centers at NIH. Before joining NHGRI, he earned a reputation as a gene hunter at the
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Secretary Sebelius Announces Senate Confirmation of Dr. Francis Collins as Director of the National Institutes of Health
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accused Collins of "work with the media to trash the Great Barrington Declaration." and of "Shut Down Covid Debate".
2341:; Agarwal, S. K.; Kester, M. B.; Kim, Y. S.; Heppner, C; Dong, Q; Spiegel, A. M.; Burns, A. L.; Marx, S. J. (1997).
1727:"Keynote Remarks at the 7th Multi-stakeholder Forum on Science, Technology, and Innovation for the SDGs (STI Forum)"
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3715:"NIH launches HEAL Initiative, doubles funding to accelerate scientific solutions to stem national opioid epidemic"
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2238:"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes"
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575:, the youngest of four sons of Fletcher Collins and Margaret James Collins. Raised on a small farm in Virginia's
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850:"does have his critics," some of them who were concerned with the new director's "outspoken Christian faith."
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classics re-written to address the challenges of contemporary biomedical research. Collins has performed at
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4616:"July 21, 2006 ~ Dr. Francis S. Collins Interview | July 21, 2006 | Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly | PBS"
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Semiclassical theory of vibrationally inelastic-scattering, with application to proton + hydrogen molecule
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Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method
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3689:"Launching the Next Generation Researchers Initiative to Strengthen the Biomedical Research Enterprise"
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3555:"Blue Ribbon Panel Announced to Help Guide Vice President Biden's National Cancer Moonshot Initiative"
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Several scientific teams worked in the 1970s and 1980s to identify genes and their loci as a cause of
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2300:(5th ed.). Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 201–3.
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Collins wrote that scientific discoveries were an "opportunity to worship" and that he rejected both
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list of Washington's most powerful, least famous people. Collins appeared on the series finale of
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4305:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details - NSF - National Science Foundation"
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with other NIH scientists. Sometimes the band, called the Directors, dueled with a rock band from
977:(NCATS) on December 23, 2011. In January 2013, Collins created two senior scientific positions on
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In October 2009, shortly after his appointment as NIH director, Collins stated in an interview in
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2632:"President Clinton, British Prime Minister Tony Blair Deliver Remarks on Human Genome Milestone"
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their differing opinion on religion was an example of the greatest armed truce in modern times.
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3841:"Opinion | We Are Squandering One of the Most Important Medical Advances of the 21st Century"
3794:"Former NIH Director Francis S. Collins on the New White House Plan to Eliminate Hepatitis C"
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Kaiser, J. (2009). "White House Taps Former Genome Chief Francis Collins as NIH Director".
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seems rather sad that we hear so little about this possibility. Collins said he had been a
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Building on his own experiences as a physician volunteer in a rural missionary hospital in
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3933:"Jesus Goes to Bethesda: Just how religious is Obama's nominee for director of the NIH?"
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in 2000. In 2005, Collins and Venter were honored as two of "America's Best Leaders" by
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3875:"Francis Collins, a former N.I.H. director, will fill in as a science adviser to Biden"
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Another major activity at NHGRI during his tenure as director was the creation of the
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3638:"HHS takes steps to provide more information about clinical trials to the public"
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by President George W. Bush. In 2008 he was awarded the Inamori Ethics Prize and
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Collins also has written books on science, medicine, and religion, including the
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1969:"Positional cloning of human disease genes: a reversal of scientific priorities"
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3028:"Boston researchers join letter in The Lancet rejecting herd immunity strategy"
2801:
1703:
1673:"Francis Collins to step down as director of the National Institutes of Health"
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3228:
3117:"President-elect Biden Announces Key Members of his White House Science Team"
3095:
3054:"Dr. Jay Bhattacharya: How To Avoid 'Absolutely Catastrophic' COVID Mistakes"
2841:
2171:
2140:
1781:
1645:"Human genome and embryology experts named to Pontifical Academy of Sciences"
1498:
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announced his selection of Collins to continue to serve as the NIH Director.
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4408:
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Collins, Francis S.; Lauer, Michael S.; Hudson, Kathy L. (October 4, 2016).
2718:"Scientist at work: Francis S. Collins; unlocking the secrets of the Genome"
2214:
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3996:"NIH Director Francis Collins addresses SMU students at 102nd Commencement"
3825:
3809:
3623:
3380:
3331:
3236:
2849:
2443:
2338:
2000:
Collins F (1992). "Positional Cloning: Let's not call it reverse anymore".
1954:
1361:
1338:
1119:
924:
751:
747:
613:
486:, from 17 August 2009 to 19 December 2021, serving under three presidents.
221:
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2021:
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who discovered the genes associated with a number of diseases and led the
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6179:
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5656:
5011:
4582:
3403:"Bat Research Group Failed to Submit Virus Studies Promptly, N.I.H. Says"
3168:
2759:
2424:
2265:
1974:. University of Alberta, Department of Biological Science. Archived from
1425:
1288:
1096:
1076:
1059:
962:
announced his selection of Collins to continue to serve as NIH Director.
808:(H3Africa) to advance African capacity and expertise in genomic science.
560:
107:
4286:"Inamori Ethics Prize, Past Recipients," Case Western Reserve University
2415:
2343:"Positional Cloning of the Gene for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Type 1"
1495:
The Language of Science and Faith: Straight Answers to Genuine Questions
930:
On 19 December 2017, Collins and the NIH lifted the Obama moratorium on
746:
In June 2000 Collins was joined by President Bill Clinton and biologist
10149:
10028:
10018:
9980:
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9672:
9641:
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5891:
5381:
5309:
4913:
3058:
1181:
Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics in 1998. He received the
1115:
896:, Collins discussed his leadership at the NIH and other topics such as
3184:
3143:"NIH establishes National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"
10333:
9631:
9440:
7965:
7735:
6085:
5473:
5125:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
4563:
3259:""Researchers, Advocates Gather to Accelerate Alzheimer's Research,"
2786:, Vol. 86 No. 31, August 4, 2008, p. 33, "Francis Collins leaves NIH"
2043:
Nelson, David L. (June 1995). "Positional cloning reaches maturity".
2013:
1848:
1488:
1475:
The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine
1349:
1333:
1278:
993:, 10 biopharmaceutical firms, and multiple non-profit organizations.
959:
678:", developed into a powerful component of modern molecular genetics.
597:
156:
95:
7773:
3362:
3313:
3176:
2511:
2342:
2335:
9436:
5477:
1936:
1785:
1357:
1322:
1274:
1197:. Collins and Venter shared the "Biography of the Year" title from
1013:
978:
3932:
3663:
1526:
List of events in National Human Genome Research Institute history
1375:, and for this reason he was not asked to participate in the 2008
1173:
recipient in 1993. Collins received the Golden Plate Award of the
4908:
4887:
3952:"Science Writers Entertained By High-Powered Battle Of The Bands"
2743:
2513:
2465:
801:
538:
Creator brought about his plan through the processes of evolution
9813:
9611:
Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
5150:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
5140:
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
4805:
Beardsley T (1998). "Profile: Where Science and Religion Meet".
3471:"NIH to reduce significantly the use of chimpanzees in research"
858:
staffer David Brown wrote, however, that Collins's status as a "
9930:
4917:
4875:
3582:"Toward a New Era of Trust and Transparency in Clinical Trials"
2166:
Stalking a Lethal Gene:Discovering the Gene for Cystic Fibrosis
1123:
1092:
1071:
On February 17, 2022, President Biden named Collins the acting
640:
386:
9246:
Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
4360:
4121:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
10666:
Members of the International Society for Science and Religion
5068:
4506:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
3421:"FACT SHEET: President Obama's Precision Medicine Initiative"
1749:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
1464:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
1301:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
1134:
987:
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies
913:
890:
On October 1, 2009, in the second of his four appearances on
525:
The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief
5175:
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
4642:"The Question of God . Other Voices . Francis Collins | PBS"
3288:
Collins, Francis S.; Tabak, Lawrence A. (January 30, 2014).
1618:
1241:, and discussed the interplay between science and religion.
9649:
9578:
5130:
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
4898:
4195:"Genomic Leaders Receive 2001 Biotechnology Heritage Award"
3540:
3452:
3438:
2814:
2323:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Small textbook)
2298:
Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundation of Medicine
1800:"225 Years of Tar Heels: Francis Collins | UNC-Chapel Hill"
1576:"Leadership During Crisis with Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD"
790:
643:
in Human Genetics at the medical school from 1981 to 1984.
3741:"Changing the culture of science to end sexual harassment"
1729:. United States Mission to the United Nations. May 5, 2022
10681:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
3664:"Next Generation Researchers Initiative | grants.nih.gov"
2635:
2491:"Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. Biography and Interview"
1849:
Francis S. Collins; Sherman M. Weissman (November 1984).
1081:
President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
1000:
Beginning in 2014, the NIH provided multi-year grants to
763:
5221:
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
5135:
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
3345:
Clayton, Janine A.; Collins, Francis S. (May 15, 2014).
2388:
5180:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
4845:"Dr. Francis S. Collins: On The Trail Of Disease Genes"
3523:"FACT SHEET: Investing in the National Cancer Moonshot"
3347:"Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies"
10741:
University of North Carolina School of Medicine alumni
5403:
National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award
5145:
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
3013:"NIH Lifts Funding Pause on Gain-of-Function Research"
2193:
Marx, J. (1989). "The cystic fibrosis gene is found".
2077:
1019:
In January 2015 President Obama announced the NIH-led
777:
produced a catalog of human genetic variations—called
10626:
Converts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism
5120:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2691:"The HeLa Genome: An Agreement on Privacy and Access"
2667:. PBS, Religion and Ethics Newsweekly. Archived from
750:
in making the announcement of a working draft of the
5226:
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
4226:," December 19, 2000, URL accessed January 30, 2007.
3401:
Zimmer, Carl; Mueller, Benjamin (October 21, 2021).
1114:. Lyrics of the Directors' songs included spoofs of
975:
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
5160:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2135:
Blazing a Genetic Trail/.../Jumping Toward the Gene
1757:
1051:Republicans as to EcoHealth Alliance's activities.
868:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
5115:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
4668:"Scientists Feel Miscast in Film on Life's Origin"
3579:
2909:"For N.I.H. Chief, Issues of Identity and Culture"
1911:
1237:, a Nobel Prize recipient for physics, shared the
5489:
4577:
4575:
3767:"White House makes push to eradicate hepatitis C"
2934:"Washington's Most Powerful, Least Famous People"
2867:"Obama picks Francis Collins as new NIH Director"
2170:. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Archived from
2139:. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Archived from
1099:riding is often mentioned in articles about him.
904:. And, in November 2011, Collins was included on
828:Collins with Health and Human Services Secretary
442:Francis Collins speaks on the development of the
10756:Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
10582:
7774:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
2512:National Human Genome Research Institute (ed.).
2470:National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
1337:radio to discuss his book. In an interview with
9579:European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN
4769:"NIH Director: 'We're on an Exponential Curve'"
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
2892:Francis Collins Leader for the 21st Century NIH
1859:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1804:The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1273:By graduate school, Collins considered himself
1038:In October 2021, NIH principal deputy director
985:research, which was announced in May 2012; the
720:In 1993 National Institutes of Health Director
651:At Yale, Collins worked under the direction of
10646:Directors of the National Institutes of Health
5165:National Institute of General Medical Sciences
4572:
4431:"Francis Collins Awarded 2020 Templeton Prize"
4094:Nelson, Richard William (September 18, 2012).
3344:
3290:"Policy: NIH plans to enhance reproducibility"
3084:"How Fauci and Collins Shut Down Covid Debate"
819:
612:in 1974. During his time at Yale, a course in
10676:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
10190:
10176:
9799:
9216:
5459:
5236:National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
5054:
4985:Director of the National Institutes of Health
4160:
3400:
1865:(21). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA: 6812–6816.
1667:
1665:
1453:Principles of Medical Genetics, 2nd Edition,
973:Collins was instrumental in establishing the
128:Director of the National Institutes of Health
5252:Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health
4497:
3387:
3287:
2659:
2657:
2295:
1079:resigned. He also serves as co-chair of the
631:and chief residency in internal medicine at
140:August 17, 2009 – December 19, 2021
87:February 18, 2022 – October 3, 2022
30:For other people named Francis Collins, see
10671:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
4804:
4581:
4328:
4217:Montgomery County, Maryland, Press Releases
3908:"President Biden Announces OSTP Leadership"
3019:
2161:
2130:
1594:"Gene Therapy Cures Cystic Fibrosis In Lab"
639:. He then returned to Yale, where he was a
618:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
566:
10183:
10169:
9806:
9792:
9223:
9209:
5466:
5452:
5061:
5047:
4929:
4793:Francis Collins: The Scientist as Believer
4560:"Francis Collins on 'The Language of God'"
4259:Collins Wins Presidential Medal of Freedom
4192:
4186:
3873:Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (February 17, 2022).
3015:. Director, National Institutes of Health.
2589:
2550:, 10/31/05, URL accessed January 30, 2007.
2296:Rubin, Raphael; Strayer, David S. (2008).
1919:Introductory Speech for Francis S. Collins
1662:
916:with several other famous people singing "
49:
5100:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
4739:
4589:Dr. Francis Collins - The Language of God
3613:
3370:
3321:
3205:
3051:
3011:Collins, Francis S. (December 19, 2017).
2654:
2599:God's Undertaker: Has Science Buried God?
2433:
2423:
2264:
2235:
2099:
1999:
1944:
1888:
1878:
1395:relationship between science and religion
1066:
730:National Center for Human Genome Research
534:relationship between science and religion
328:University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
10711:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
7183:
5105:National Human Genome Research Institute
4956:National Human Genome Research Institute
4742:"Christopher Hitchens says "I'm dying.""
3977:"To scientists, he's the real rock star"
3872:
3025:
1485:Belief: Readings on the Reason for Faith
1155:National Human Genome Research Institute
1130:Commencement and Rock Stars of Science.
941:In October 2020, Collins criticized the
823:
734:National Human Genome Research Institute
491:National Human Genome Research Institute
372:National Human Genome Research Institute
201:National Human Genome Research Institute
27:American physician-scientist (born 1950)
5753:
5475:United States National Medal of Science
4503:
4477:
4246:," 2005, URL accessed February 4, 2008.
3838:
3010:
1763:
685:. Progress was modest until 1985, when
14:
10583:
5413:National Center for Research Resources
5185:National Institute of Nursing Research
4766:
4748:from the original on December 21, 2021
4504:Collins, Francis (September 4, 2008).
4384:"2018 Pontifical Key Scientific Award"
4093:
4087:
3993:
3974:
3839:Collins, Francis (November 28, 2023).
3791:
3167:
3078:
3076:
3004:
2906:
2827:
2715:
2595:
2042:
1569:
1567:
1137:also inspired him to partner with the
1042:sent a letter to Kentucky Congressman
10164:
9787:
9609:
9244:
9235:for Technical and Scientific Research
9204:
8303:
8302:
7772:
7182:
6696:
5752:
5488:
5447:
5042:
4711:"Francis Collins - The Veritas Forum"
4666:Dean, Cornelia (September 27, 2007).
3026:Finucane, Martin (October 14, 2020).
2861:
2859:
2514:"The Division of Intramural Research"
1547:
1545:
1455:with T.D. Gelehrter and D. Ginsburg (
1058:announced an initiative to eliminate
958:On January 15, 2021, President-elect
600:in 1970. He went on to graduate as a
470:(born April 14, 1950) is an American
10691:National Institutes of Health people
10651:Foreign members of the Royal Society
9233:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
5418:National Institutes of Health Police
5398:National Institutes of Health campus
5216:John E. Fogarty International Center
4665:
4193:Strickland, Debbie (June 13, 2001).
3975:Kaplan, Karen (September 18, 2010).
3045:
2907:Harris, Gardiner (October 6, 2009).
2192:
1699:"Faith, Science and Francis Collins"
1424:criticized Collins's description of
1222:. In 2007 he was presented with the
1148:
710:Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
646:
627:From 1978 to 1981, Collins served a
213:April 1993 – August 1, 2008
9361:Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
5423:Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
5388:United States Public Health Service
5262:National Diabetes Education Program
5170:National Institute of Mental Health
4855:"Collins Forms BioLogos Foundation"
4147:Association for Molecular Pathology
4074:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3792:Abbasi, Jennifer (April 18, 2023).
3745:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3719:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3693:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3642:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3559:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3501:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
3073:
1677:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
1573:
1564:
1258:Foreign Member of the Royal Society
1191:Biotechnology Industry Organization
1179:Association for Molecular Pathology
1167:Canada Gairdner International Award
1102:While directing NHGRI, he formed a
806:Human Heredity and Health in Africa
762:'s publication of the structure of
706:multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
583:until the sixth grade. He attended
24:
10751:Writers about religion and science
10686:Members of The BioLogos Foundation
4838:
4536:. December 6, 2006. Archived from
4381:
3052:Gillespie, Nick (April 20, 2022).
2856:
2716:Kolate, Gina (November 30, 1993).
1542:
1220:American Society of Human Genetics
532:, which promotes discourse on the
25:
10772:
9385:Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar
5206:Center for Information Technology
4868:
4821:10.1038/scientificamerican0298-28
4478:Paulson, Steve (August 7, 2006).
2559:
2320:
1826:"Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D."
1764:Collins, Francis Sellers (1974).
1457:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
1381:Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed
991:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
5155:National Institute on Drug Abuse
5019:Science Advisor to the President
4886:
4874:
4798:
4786:
4767:Wehner, Peter (March 17, 2020).
4760:
4733:
4703:
4685:
4659:
4634:
4620:Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly
4608:
4552:
4522:
4471:
4449:
4411:. Warren Alpert Foundation Prize
1313:. His own belief, he wrote, was
1126:2012, StandUpToCancer, The 2017
1073:science advisor to the president
793:cell line derived from the late
633:North Carolina Memorial Hospital
557:Science Advisor to the President
432:
66:Science Advisor to the President
32:Francis Collins (disambiguation)
10656:Human Genome Project scientists
10641:American critics of creationism
10606:American expatriates in Nigeria
5393:Division of Intramural Research
4861:American Scientific Affiliation
4423:
4401:
4375:
4345:
4322:
4297:
4279:
4249:
4229:
4209:
4135:
4129:American Academy of Achievement
4113:
4062:
4045:
4009:
3987:
3968:
3944:
3926:
3900:
3866:
3832:
3785:
3759:
3733:
3707:
3681:
3656:
3630:
3573:
3547:
3515:
3489:
3463:
3445:
3413:
3338:
3281:
3251:
3199:
3161:
3135:
3109:
2978:
2952:
2926:
2900:
2885:
2821:
2789:
2784:Chemical & Engineering News
2777:
2764:NIH Intramural Research Program
2752:
2737:
2709:
2683:
2638:. June 26, 2000. Archived from
2624:
2553:
2527:
2505:
2499:American Academy of Achievement
2483:
2458:
2382:
2373:
2329:
2314:
2289:
2229:
2186:
2155:
2124:
2071:
2036:
1993:
1961:
1905:
1842:
1818:
1792:
1619:"About The BioLogos Foundation"
1268:
1175:American Academy of Achievement
814:
779:single-nucleotide polymorphisms
478:. He served as director of the
10736:University of Michigan faculty
10731:Trump administration personnel
10701:People from Staunton, Virginia
10696:Obama administration personnel
10621:Biden administration personnel
4329:Nathan Ball (March 25, 2008).
4168:"Biotechnology Heritage Award"
4096:"The Extinction of "Junk DNA""
3994:Kaplan, Karen (May 20, 2017).
2325:(16th ed.). p. 2453.
1741:
1719:
1691:
1637:
1611:
1586:
1411:
546:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
13:
1:
10746:University of Virginia alumni
10313:Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
6697:
5490:Behavioral and social science
5436:indicate acting officeholders
5071:National Institutes of Health
4388:Global Health Care Initiative
3965:. Celia Hooper. Jan/Feb 1998.
2986:"Collins Will Stay On at NIH"
2695:National Institutes of Health
1598:tribunedigital-chicagotribune
1536:
1321:, which he preferred to call
1224:Presidential Medal of Freedom
1214:In 2005 Collins received the
1157:, Collins was elected to the
1128:Southern Methodist University
1021:Precision Medicine Initiative
876:National Institutes of Health
724:appointed Collins to succeed
507:Presidential Medal of Freedom
497:. He has been elected to the
480:National Institutes of Health
377:National Institutes of Health
5211:Center for Scientific Review
5190:National Library of Medicine
4740:ilisbaani (April 23, 2011).
4237:U.S. News & World Report
2895:U.S. News & World Report
2547:U.S. News & World Report
2359:10.1126/science.276.5311.404
2257:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90585-E
2057:10.1016/0959-437X(95)80042-5
1209:Center for Public Leadership
1204:U.S. News & World Report
1195:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1183:Biotechnology Heritage Award
1163:National Academy of Sciences
1008:, in collaboration with the
943:Great Barrington Declaration
775:International HapMap Project
503:National Academy of Sciences
7:
10636:American critics of atheism
5110:National Institute on Aging
4053:"Sound Health Announcement"
4017:"Rock S.O.S. program, 2009"
1557:September 21, 2012, at the
1519:
1432:
1246:Albany Medical Center Prize
1207:and the Harvard University
1010:Wuhan Institute of Virology
968:
923:On June 6, 2017, President
820:Nomination and confirmation
715:
10:
10777:
10616:American physical chemists
10380:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
8378:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
4697:September 2, 2009, at the
2562:"Faithful to God, Science"
2540:November 30, 2007, at the
2379:Science 261 (5124): 1041–4
1481:, published in early 2010)
1171:Kilby International Awards
832:after swearing-in ceremony
773:of the human genome. This
447:Recorded September 9, 2020
29:
10543:
10472:
10401:
10326:
10251:
10198:
10192:Templeton Prize laureates
10097:
10085:
9829:
9616:
9605:
9291:Antonio González González
9269:Luis Antonio Santaló Sors
9251:
9240:
9140:
8989:
8838:
8659:
8465:
8313:
8309:
8298:
8232:
8134:
8023:
7934:
7855:
7783:
7779:
7768:
7725:
7634:
7526:
7417:
7353:William Hayward Pickering
7298:
7193:
7189:
7178:
7104:
6996:
6850:
6726:
6707:
6703:
6692:
6603:
6412:
6226:
6044:
5900:
5763:
5759:
5748:
5705:
5646:
5558:
5518:
5499:
5495:
5484:
5431:
5373:
5275:
5244:
5198:
5090:National Cancer Institute
5082:
5027:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4991:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4944:
4939:
4851:. John Carey. May 9, 2005
4291:February 8, 2012, at the
4242:January 23, 2008, at the
4222:October 13, 2006, at the
4172:Science History Institute
3497:"NIH-Wide Strategic Plan"
3221:10.1109/mpul.2017.2750839
3121:President-Elect Joe Biden
2760:"Principal Investigators"
1621:. The Biologos Foundation
1437:In a 1998 interview with
1420:in February 2007, writer
1228:National Medal of Science
1177:in 1994. He received the
1110:led by cancer researcher
932:gain of function research
874:, the former head of the
585:Robert E. Lee High School
544:appointed Collins to the
511:National Medal of Science
456:
421:
417:
413:
403:
385:
359:
349:
342:
338:
301:
293:
266:
261:
257:
244:
231:
217:
206:
198:
185:
172:
162:
144:
133:
125:
113:
101:
91:
80:
71:
64:
60:
48:
41:
10721:Scientists from Virginia
10601:21st-century Protestants
10218:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
9652:Scientific Collaboration
9357:Manuel Losada Villasante
9333:Francisco Bolívar Zapata
8802:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
8248:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
5879:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
5408:NIH Public Access Policy
2842:10.1126/science.325_250a
2596:Lennox, John C. (2009).
2466:"IHG Sequencing Centers"
1446:
1263:
1252:In 2020 he received the
1108:Johns Hopkins University
1086:
567:Early life and education
9743:Everett Peter Greenberg
9395:Enrique Moreno González
9339:Federico García Moliner
8113:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
6031:George Ledyard Stebbins
5952:James Augustine Shannon
5320:James Augustine Shannon
5231:Vaccine Research Center
4899:The BioLogos Foundation
3598:10.1001/jama.2016.14668
3088:The Wall Street Journal
2215:10.1126/science.2772644
2110:10.1126/science.2997931
1880:10.1073/pnas.81.21.6812
1371:Collins is a critic of
1307:Young Earth creationism
948:The Wall Street Journal
864:chief executive officer
530:The BioLogos Foundation
505:, and has received the
463:Francis Sellers Collins
428:Francis Collins's voice
271:Francis Sellers Collins
55:Official portrait, 2017
18:Francis Sellers Collins
10726:Theistic evolutionists
10631:Critics of New Atheism
10277:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
9622:Emmanuelle Charpentier
9281:David Vázquez Martínez
9275:Antonio Garcia-Bellido
8570:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
8557:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
7513:Harry George Drickamer
7459:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
7133:M. Frederick Hawthorne
7007:John D. Baldeschwieler
6247:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
5929:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
5315:William H. Sebrell, Jr
5095:National Eye Institute
4891:Quotations related to
4508:. Simon and Schuster.
3810:10.1001/jama.2023.3942
2602:. Lion Books. p.
1067:Acting science advisor
833:
672:University of Michigan
624:degree there in 1977.
590:University of Virginia
495:University of Michigan
367:University of Michigan
306:University of Virginia
251:Alan Edward Guttmacher
10528:Abdullah II of Jordan
9976:Raymond Pierrehumbert
9551:Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
9161:Sylvester James Gates
8547:William Alfred Fowler
8529:Robert Rathbun Wilson
8342:Robert Burns Woodward
7154:Geraldine L. Richmond
6902:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
6185:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
6114:Vernon B. Mountcastle
5970:Sterling B. Hendricks
5787:Marshall W. Nirenberg
5782:Theodosius Dobzhansky
5630:William Julius Wilson
5335:Donald S. Fredrickson
5257:Visible Human Project
4024:www.geoffreybeene.com
3957:July 3, 2009, at the
3090:. December 21, 2021.
2671:on September 10, 2011
2535:The Blueprint of Life
2236:MacDonald, M (1993).
1515:, September 17, 2024)
1416:In an interview with
1319:evolutionary creation
1244:Collins received the
1233:In 2008, Collins and
1165:. He was awarded the
1159:Institute of Medicine
1145:and other disorders.
912:, participating in a
898:personalized medicine
827:
499:Institute of Medicine
10706:Physician-scientists
10611:American geneticists
10259:Ralph Wendell Burhoe
9513:George M. Whitesides
9132:Warren M. Washington
9096:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
9005:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
8950:Martin Schwarzschild
8731:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
8723:J. Robert Schrieffer
8693:E. Margaret Burbidge
8537:Nicolaas Bloembergen
8514:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
8393:Vladimir K. Zworykin
8145:John Griggs Thompson
8068:Martin David Kruskal
7908:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
7381:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
7335:Ralph Brazelton Peck
7290:Jack St. Clair Kilby
7217:John Robinson Pierce
7184:Engineering sciences
7115:Jacqueline K. Barton
6970:George M. Whitesides
6889:Dudley R. Herschbach
6827:Richard B. Bernstein
6796:Walter H. Stockmayer
6344:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
6275:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
6165:Stanley Norman Cohen
6152:Rita Levi-Montalcini
5988:Keith Roberts Porter
5851:Alfred H. Sturtevant
5846:Michael Heidelberger
5818:Fritz Albert Lipmann
4883:at Wikimedia Commons
4756:– via YouTube.
4721:on November 28, 2015
4540:on November 10, 2016
4341:on February 3, 2013.
3747:. September 17, 2018
3644:. September 14, 2016
3149:. September 18, 2015
2162:Pines, Maya (2008).
2131:Pines, Maya (2008).
1649:Catholic News Agency
1531:Science and religion
1505:; February 15, 2011)
1405:Christopher Hitchens
1256:, and was elected a
1056:Biden Administration
860:born-again Christian
841:on August 17, 2009.
738:Human Genome Project
698:Huntington's disease
602:Doctor of Philosophy
592:, where he earned a
571:Collins was born in
553:Cabinet of Joe Biden
476:Human Genome Project
238:Michael M. Gottesman
199:2nd Director of the
10661:Medical geneticists
10344:Immanuel Jakobovits
9868:William C. Campbell
9757:Jeffrey M. Friedman
9585:Avelino Corma Canós
9381:Emilio Méndez Pérez
9182:Shirley Ann Jackson
9101:Charles P. Slichter
8945:Marshall Rosenbluth
8937:Wallace S. Broecker
8890:Eugene M. Shoemaker
8651:Victor F. Weisskopf
8598:Herbert S. Gutowsky
8580:Edgar Bright Wilson
8421:George Kistiakowsky
8039:Stephen Cole Kleene
7550:George H. Heilmeier
7537:Mildred Dresselhaus
7428:Edward H. Heinemann
7358:Frederick E. Terman
7322:Richard T. Whitcomb
7243:Clarence L. Johnson
7204:Theodore von Kármán
7091:Stephen J. Benkovic
7070:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
7057:Marvin H. Caruthers
7012:Ralph F. Hirschmann
6952:Darleane C. Hoffman
6842:Harden M. McConnell
6783:Frank H. Westheimer
6595:Stanley B. Prusiner
6559:Robert J. Lefkowitz
6318:Howard Martin Temin
6175:Maurice R. Hilleman
6170:Joseph L. Goldstein
6109:Donald A. Henderson
6026:Earl Reece Stadtman
6011:Elizabeth C. Crosby
5975:Orville Alvin Vogel
5805:Donald D. Van Slyke
5754:Biological sciences
5340:James B. Wyngaarden
4940:Government offices
4808:Scientific American
4585:(August 31, 2007).
4125:www.achievement.org
3914:. February 16, 2022
3306:2014Natur.505..612C
2495:www.achievement.org
2416:10.1038/nature01629
2408:2003Natur.423..293E
2321:Fauci; et al.
2207:1989Sci...245..923M
2092:1985Sci...230.1054T
2086:(4729): 1054–1057.
2045:Curr Opin Genet Dev
1871:1984PNAS...81.6812C
1747:Google Book Search
1513:Hachette Book Group
1440:Scientific American
1418:National Geographic
1386:BioLogos Foundation
1216:William Allan Award
1049:Oversight Committee
983:Alzheimer's disease
728:as director of the
670:Collins joined the
594:Bachelor of Science
472:physician-scientist
10716:Protestant writers
10480:Francisco J. Ayala
10463:Bernard d'Espagnat
10433:George F. R. Ellis
10427:Holmes Rolston III
10236:Thomas F. Torrance
10140:Ramamoorthy Ramesh
9971:Oliver L. Phillips
9903:François Guillemot
9847:Malcolm J. Bennett
9555:Giacomo Rizzolatti
9485:Juan Ignacio Cirac
9285:Emilio Rosenblueth
9054:G. Brent Dalrymple
8872:Arthur L. Schawlow
8779:James A. Van Allen
8670:Philip W. Anderson
8626:Richard P. Feynman
8552:Linus Carl Pauling
8187:Dennis P. Sullivan
7744:John B. Goodenough
7677:Edwin N. Lightfoot
7645:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
7626:Kenneth N. Stevens
7394:Raymond D. Mindlin
7317:Harold E. Edgerton
7162:A. Paul Alivisatos
7041:Stephen J. Lippard
7020:Ernest R. Davidson
6957:Harold S. Johnston
6791:William S. Johnson
6755:George C. Pimentel
6590:Susan L. Lindquist
6572:Francis S. Collins
6466:Victor A. McKusick
6441:Francisco J. Ayala
6423:Nancy C. Andreasen
6373:Robert A. Weinberg
6147:Har Gobind Khorana
6132:Michael E. DeBakey
6119:George Emil Palade
6091:Wendell L. Roelofs
6081:Howard L. Bachrach
5911:Barbara McClintock
5813:Edward F. Knipling
5365:Monica Bertagnolli
5004:Political offices
4859:Newsletter of the
4672:The New York Times
4534:The Colbert Report
4435:templetonprize.org
4409:"Prize Recipients"
3879:The New York Times
3845:The New York Times
3531:. February 1, 2016
3429:. January 30, 2015
3407:The New York Times
3169:Sarrao, John Louis
3123:. January 15, 2021
2964:The Colbert Report
2940:. November 3, 2011
2913:The New York Times
2723:The New York Times
2560:Simon, Stephanie.
1913:Leon. E. Rosenberg
1509:The Road to Wisdom
1503:InterVarsity Press
1373:intelligent design
1328:The Colbert Report
1315:theistic evolution
1311:intelligent design
1189:in 2001, from the
1169:in 1990. He was a
1153:While leading the
1091:Collins's love of
1002:EcoHealth Alliance
910:The Colbert Report
906:The New Republic's
902:stem cell research
893:The Colbert Report
884:The New York Times
834:
708:, inv(16) AML and
676:positional cloning
664:chromosome walking
658:chromosome jumping
622:Doctor of Medicine
606:physical chemistry
573:Staunton, Virginia
484:Bethesda, Maryland
354:Molecular genetics
287:Staunton, Virginia
179:Raynard S. Kington
10761:Science activists
10578:
10577:
10439:Charles H. Townes
10421:John Polkinghorne
10386:Sigmund Sternberg
10283:Michael Bourdeaux
10224:Leo Josef Suenens
10158:
10157:
10135:Margaret Kivelson
9936:Alexander Makarov
9922:Andrew P. Jackson
9781:
9780:
9777:
9776:
9753:Daniel J. Drucker
9739:Jeffrey I. Gordon
9677:Ingrid Daubechies
9667:Sandra Myrna Díaz
9601:
9600:
9565:Richard A. Lerner
9527:Raymond Tomlinson
9323:Santiago Grisolía
9231:Laureates of the
9198:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9190:
9189:
9127:Esther M. Conwell
9067:Robert N. Clayton
9059:Riccardo Giacconi
9023:Raymond Davis Jr.
8911:Albert Overhauser
8854:Edwin M. McMillan
8815:Arnold O. Beckman
8792:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
8769:Paul C. Lauterbur
8746:Robert Hofstadter
8698:Maurice Goldhaber
8685:Charles H. Townes
8636:Edward M. Purcell
8603:Frederick Rossini
8457:Wolfgang Panofsky
8388:John H. Van Vleck
8304:Physical sciences
8294:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8256:Solomon W. Golomb
8216:Andrew J. Viterbi
8211:Leonard Kleinrock
8158:Calyampudi R. Rao
8126:Ronald R. Coifman
8034:George F. Carrier
8015:Donald C. Spencer
8010:Saunders Mac Lane
7945:Marshall H. Stone
7895:Shiing-Shen Chern
7802:Solomon Lefschetz
7764:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7701:David J. Wineland
7669:John M. Prausnitz
7610:C. Kumar N. Patel
7605:James L. Flanagan
7573:John Roy Whinnery
7560:H. Guyford Stever
7542:Nick Holonyak Jr.
7505:George W. Housner
7500:Willis M. Hawkins
7495:Daniel C. Drucker
7477:Robert Byron Bird
7469:Bernard M. Oliver
7376:Peter C. Goldmark
7363:Wernher von Braun
7309:George E. Mueller
7282:Nathan M. Newmark
7277:J. Presper Eckert
7256:Claude E. Shannon
7225:Charles S. Draper
7174:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7141:Judith P. Klinman
7025:Gábor A. Somorjai
6936:Isabella L. Karle
6923:George S. Hammond
6884:Gertrude B. Elion
6837:Rudolph A. Marcus
6688:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6614:Ralph L. Brinster
6533:Torsten N. Wiesel
6510:Norman E. Borlaug
6497:Solomon H. Snyder
6492:J. Michael Bishop
6451:Mario R. Capecchi
6331:Salome G. Waelsch
6262:E. Donnall Thomas
6137:Theodor O. Diener
6036:Paul Alfred Weiss
5864:Bernard B. Brodie
5800:George G. Simpson
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5689:Michael I. Posner
5590:Eleanor J. Gibson
5542:George J. Stigler
5510:Neal Elgar Miller
5441:
5440:
5325:Robert Q. Marston
5305:Lewis R. Thompson
5290:Milton J. Rosenau
5285:Joseph J. Kinyoun
5037:
5036:
5028:Succeeded by
4995:Lawrence A. Tabak
4992:Succeeded by
4963:Succeeded by
4879:Media related to
4568:. March 29, 2007.
4530:"Francis Collins"
4457:"Francis Collins"
4353:"FASEB > Home"
4143:"Past Recipients"
3981:Los Angeles Times
3804:(15): 1246–1247.
3592:(13): 1353–1354.
3541:National Archives
3503:. October 6, 2015
3439:National Archives
3357:(7500): 282–283.
3269:on March 26, 2013
2966:. October 1, 2009
2960:"Francis Collins"
2815:National Archives
2567:Los Angeles Times
2307:978-0-7817-9516-6
2174:on March 17, 2018
2143:on March 17, 2018
1981:on April 25, 2012
1679:. October 4, 2021
1298:In his 2006 book
1284:Mere Christianity
1149:Awards and honors
839:Kathleen Sebelius
830:Kathleen Sebelius
702:neurofibromatosis
647:Genetics research
577:Shenandoah Valley
542:Pope Benedict XVI
460:
459:
437:
344:Scientific career
192:Lawrence A. Tabak
167:Lawrence A. Tabak
16:(Redirected from
10768:
10569:Edna Adan Ismail
10185:
10178:
10171:
10162:
10161:
10125:Else Marie Friis
10054:Richard Thompson
10044:Andrew M. Stuart
10039:Donna Strickland
10005:Michael Rudnicki
9893:Adam Eyre-Walker
9883:Vikram Deshpande
9808:
9801:
9794:
9785:
9784:
9607:
9606:
9575:François Englert
9433:Lawrence Roberts
9427:Jean Weissenbach
9351:Manuel Patarroyo
9327:Salvador Moncada
9311:Marcos Moshinsky
9263:Manuel Ballester
9242:
9241:
9225:
9218:
9211:
9202:
9201:
9010:Gilbert F. White
8955:George Wetherill
8849:Allan M. Cormack
8807:Jack Steinberger
8787:D. Allan Bromley
8736:H. Richard Crane
8713:Frederick Reines
8703:Helmut Landsberg
8618:George Uhlenbeck
8519:Vladimir Haensel
8481:Allan R. Sandage
8452:Herbert C. Brown
8434:Herbert Friedman
8360:Leon M. Lederman
8332:Julian Schwinger
8311:
8310:
8300:
8299:
8269:Alexandre Chorin
8243:Richard A. Tapia
8224:David B. Mumford
8052:Alberto Calderón
7997:Joseph B. Keller
7984:Michael Freedman
7953:Herman Goldstine
7807:H. Marston Morse
7781:
7780:
7770:
7769:
7709:Rudolf E. Kálmán
7693:Robert S. Langer
7685:Jan D. Achenbach
7518:Herbert E. Grier
7269:Igor I. Sikorsky
7230:Othmar H. Ammann
7191:
7190:
7180:
7179:
7146:Jerrold Meinwald
6915:Norman Hackerman
6894:Glenn T. Seaborg
6809:William O. Baker
6737:F. Albert Cotton
6705:
6704:
6694:
6693:
6671:Mary-Claire King
6564:Bert W. O'Malley
6520:Thomas E. Starzl
6515:Phillip A. Sharp
6502:Charles Yanofsky
6484:Evelyn M. Witkin
6479:James E. Darnell
6305:Paul C. Zamecnik
6270:Mary Ellen Avery
6242:Herbert W. Boyer
6237:Baruj Benacerraf
6208:Joshua Lederberg
6198:Viktor Hamburger
6160:Michael S. Brown
6006:Robert H. Burris
5761:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5697:Mortimer Mishkin
5622:William K. Estes
5606:Roger N. Shepard
5598:Robert K. Merton
5582:George A. Miller
5529:Herbert A. Simon
5497:
5496:
5486:
5485:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5350:Harold E. Varmus
5295:John F. Anderson
5267:BRAIN Initiative
5063:
5056:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5009:Preceded by
4973:Preceded by
4954:Director of the
4945:Preceded by
4937:
4936:
4933:
4890:
4878:
4833:
4832:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4717:. Archived from
4707:
4701:
4692:BioLogos website
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4595:Point of Inquiry
4579:
4570:
4569:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4363:on July 30, 2019
4359:. Archived from
4349:
4343:
4342:
4337:. Archived from
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4301:
4295:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4263:. Archived from
4253:
4247:
4233:
4227:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4026:. Archived from
4021:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3966:
3963:The NIH Catalyst
3948:
3942:
3935:. Chris Wilson.
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3265:. Archived from
3255:
3249:
3248:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3032:The Boston Globe
3023:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2990:Inside Higher Ed
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2938:The New Republic
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2904:
2898:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2642:on March 7, 2021
2628:
2622:
2621:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2570:. Archived from
2557:
2551:
2533:Jamie Shreeve, "
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2437:
2427:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2268:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2103:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2014:10.1038/ng0492-3
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1882:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:. March 25, 2019
1796:
1790:
1789:
1771:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1574:Sellers, Stead.
1571:
1562:
1549:
1491:, March 2, 2010)
1399:existence of God
1366:Episcopal church
1344:Point of Inquiry
1133:His passion for
918:We'll Meet Again
653:Sherman Weissman
469:
444:COVID-19 vaccine
439:
438:
405:Doctoral advisor
399:
284:
280:
278:
262:Personal details
247:
234:
211:
188:
175:
138:
116:
104:
85:
53:
39:
38:
21:
10776:
10775:
10771:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10766:
10765:
10581:
10580:
10579:
10574:
10551:Francis Collins
10539:
10534:Marcelo Gleiser
10522:Alvin Plantinga
10492:14th Dalai Lama
10468:
10415:Arthur Peacocke
10397:
10322:
10295:James I. McCord
10265:Cicely Saunders
10247:
10194:
10189:
10159:
10154:
10145:Wendelin Werner
10110:Francis Collins
10093:
10081:
10064:Nicholas Turner
10049:Sarah Teichmann
10009:William Schafer
9918:Ehud Hrushovski
9878:G. Marius Clore
9855:Zulfiqar Bhutta
9837:Timothy Behrens
9825:
9812:
9782:
9773:
9769:Svetlana Mojsov
9765:Jens Juul Holst
9761:Joel F. Habener
9721:Geoffrey Hinton
9685:Emmanuel Candès
9646:Barry C. Barish
9626:Jennifer Doudna
9612:
9597:
9593:Galen D. Stucky
9479:Antonio Damasio
9473:Robert Weinberg
9469:Bert Vogelstein
9445:Tim Berners-Lee
9419:Francis Collins
9368:Valentín Fuster
9247:
9236:
9229:
9199:
9186:
9174:Sean C. Solomon
9136:
9088:Daniel Kleppner
9080:Lonnie Thompson
9075:Ralph A. Alpher
9041:W. Jason Morgan
9028:Charles Keeling
9018:Marvin L. Cohen
8985:
8968:John N. Bahcall
8963:Don L. Anderson
8929:Peter Goldreich
8882:Steven Weinberg
8834:
8764:Walter Elsasser
8741:Herman Feshbach
8655:
8593:Samuel Goudsmit
8585:Chien-Shiung Wu
8524:Frederick Seitz
8491:John A. Wheeler
8476:Robert H. Dicke
8461:
8324:Luis W. Alvarez
8305:
8286:
8274:David Blackwell
8228:
8179:Carl R. de Boor
8150:Karen Uhlenbeck
8130:
8084:Louis Nirenberg
8019:
7992:Ralph E. Gomory
7930:
7926:Donald E. Knuth
7913:Hassler Whitney
7851:
7775:
7756:
7721:
7653:Andreas Acrivos
7630:
7618:Eli Ruckenstein
7597:Hermann A. Haus
7568:Calvin F. Quate
7555:Luna B. Leopold
7522:
7413:
7399:Robert N. Noyce
7389:Emmett N. Leith
7348:Manson Benedict
7330:Rudolf Kompfner
7294:
7248:Warren K. Lewis
7185:
7166:
7100:
7062:Peter B. Dervan
7033:John I. Brauman
6992:
6944:Norman Davidson
6871:John D. Roberts
6846:
6814:Konrad E. Bloch
6760:Richard N. Zare
6722:
6699:
6680:
6637:Sallie Chisholm
6619:Rudolf Jaenisch
6599:
6582:J. Craig Venter
6541:Rita R. Colwell
6408:
6394:David Baltimore
6285:Robert W. Kates
6257:David G. Nathan
6252:Edward B. Lewis
6222:
6218:Harland G. Wood
6213:Roger W. Sperry
6068:Glenn W. Burton
6040:
6016:Arthur Kornberg
5983:Roger Guillemin
5960:Hallowell Davis
5924:Daniel I. Arnon
5916:Albert B. Sabin
5896:
5869:Detlev W. Bronk
5841:Harry F. Harlow
5836:Kenneth S. Cole
5823:William C. Rose
5795:Francis P. Rous
5755:
5736:
5701:
5681:Gordon H. Bower
5642:
5638:Robert M. Solow
5554:
5550:Milton Friedman
5514:
5491:
5480:
5472:
5442:
5437:
5427:
5369:
5360:Francis Collins
5345:Bernadine Healy
5300:George W. McCoy
5271:
5240:
5194:
5078:
5067:
5033:
5031:Arati Prabhakar
5024:
5021:
5014:
4999:
4997:
4988:
4980:
4978:
4976:Raynard Kington
4968:
4959:
4950:
4948:James D. Watson
4923:Francis Collins
4893:Francis Collins
4881:Francis Collins
4871:
4841:
4839:Further reading
4836:
4803:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4765:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4699:Wayback Machine
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4622:. July 21, 2006
4614:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4580:
4573:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4459:. Royal Society
4455:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4293:Wayback Machine
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4267:on May 28, 2010
4255:
4254:
4250:
4244:Wayback Machine
4234:
4230:
4224:Wayback Machine
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4033:on May 21, 2014
4030:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3973:
3969:
3959:Wayback Machine
3949:
3945:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3912:The White House
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3837:
3833:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3773:. March 9, 2023
3765:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3721:. April 3, 2018
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3561:. April 4, 2016
3553:
3552:
3548:
3534:
3532:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3477:. July 28, 2015
3469:
3468:
3464:
3457:allofus.nih.gov
3451:
3450:
3446:
3432:
3430:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3399:
3388:
3363:10.1038/509282a
3343:
3339:
3314:10.1038/505612a
3300:(7485): 612–3.
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3204:
3200:
3177:10.2172/1440505
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2871:Washington Post
2865:
2864:
2857:
2836:(5938): 250–1.
2826:
2822:
2808:
2806:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2697:. June 13, 2016
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2614:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2575:
2558:
2554:
2542:Wayback Machine
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2402:(6937): 293–8.
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2353:(5311): 404–7.
2334:
2330:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2294:
2290:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2201:(4921): 923–5.
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2125:
2101:10.1.1.390.9197
2076:
2072:
2041:
2037:
2002:Nature Genetics
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1910:
1906:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1774:Yale University
1762:
1758:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1707:. April 7, 2022
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1580:Washington Post
1572:
1565:
1559:Wayback Machine
1550:
1543:
1539:
1522:
1449:
1435:
1414:
1271:
1266:
1254:Templeton Prize
1235:Steven Weinberg
1199:A&E Network
1187:J. Craig Venter
1151:
1112:Bert Vogelstein
1089:
1069:
971:
953:editorial board
872:Bernadine Healy
855:Washington Post
822:
817:
795:Henrietta Lacks
783:type 2 diabetes
756:James D. Watson
732:, which became
726:James D. Watson
722:Bernadine Healy
718:
683:cystic fibrosis
649:
610:Yale University
569:
465:
452:
451:
450:
449:
448:
446:
440:
433:
430:
397:
381:
326:
315:Yale University
313:
285:
282:
276:
274:
273:
272:
245:
232:
224:
212:
207:
186:
173:
155:
151:
139:
134:
120:Arati Prabhakar
114:
102:
86:
81:
76:
56:
44:
43:Francis Collins
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10774:
10764:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10576:
10575:
10573:
10572:
10566:
10560:
10554:
10547:
10545:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10537:
10531:
10525:
10519:
10516:Jonathan Sacks
10513:
10507:
10501:
10495:
10489:
10483:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10469:
10467:
10466:
10460:
10454:
10451:Charles Taylor
10448:
10445:John D. Barrow
10442:
10436:
10430:
10424:
10418:
10412:
10405:
10403:
10399:
10398:
10396:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10377:
10371:
10365:
10359:
10356:Charles Colson
10353:
10350:Kyung-Chik Han
10347:
10341:
10330:
10328:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10320:
10317:George MacLeod
10310:
10307:Inamullah Khan
10304:
10298:
10292:
10286:
10280:
10274:
10268:
10262:
10255:
10253:
10249:
10248:
10246:
10245:
10239:
10233:
10227:
10221:
10215:
10209:
10202:
10200:
10196:
10195:
10188:
10187:
10180:
10173:
10165:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10130:Regine Kahmann
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10105:Frances Arnold
10101:
10099:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10087:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10079:
10074:
10073:Alan M. Wilson
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10024:Stephen Smartt
10021:
10016:
10014:Nigel Scrutton
10011:
10006:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9946:Iain McCulloch
9943:
9941:Keith Matthews
9938:
9933:
9928:
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5774:C. B. van Niel
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4869:External links
4867:
4866:
4865:
4864:. Jul/Aug 2009
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4480:"The believer"
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4448:
4437:. May 20, 2020
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4278:
4257:"NIH Record –
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4228:
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4174:. May 31, 2016
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4112:
4100:Then & Now
4086:
4070:"Sound Health"
4061:
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3943:
3941:. July 9, 2009
3925:
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3695:. June 8, 2017
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3668:grants.nih.gov
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3263:June 22, 2012"
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2992:. June 7, 2017
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2873:. July 8, 2009
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2805:. July 8, 2009
2802:whitehouse.gov
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2574:on May 3, 2014
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10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10596:Living people
10594:
10592:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10563:Frank Wilczek
10561:
10558:
10555:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10542:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10520:
10517:
10514:
10511:
10508:
10505:
10502:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10487:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10471:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10457:Michał Heller
10455:
10452:
10449:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10413:
10410:
10409:Freeman Dyson
10407:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10384:
10381:
10378:
10375:
10372:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10362:Michael Novak
10360:
10357:
10354:
10351:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10338:Charles Birch
10335:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10325:
10318:
10314:
10311:
10308:
10305:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10290:
10289:Alister Hardy
10287:
10284:
10281:
10278:
10275:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10250:
10243:
10242:Nikkyō Niwano
10240:
10237:
10234:
10231:
10230:Chiara Lubich
10228:
10225:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10213:
10212:Brother Roger
10210:
10207:
10206:Mother Teresa
10204:
10203:
10201:
10197:
10193:
10186:
10181:
10179:
10174:
10172:
10167:
10166:
10163:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10115:Kerry Emanuel
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10091:David Cooksey
10088:
10084:
10078:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10069:Jane Visvader
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10034:Molly Stevens
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10004:
10002:
10001:Nicholas Read
9999:
9997:
9996:Didier Queloz
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9961:Giles Oldroyd
9959:
9957:
9956:Peter Nellist
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9873:Henry Chapman
9871:
9869:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9860:Kevin Brindle
9858:
9856:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9842:Yoshua Bengio
9840:
9838:
9835:
9834:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9820:
9819:Royal Society
9816:
9809:
9804:
9802:
9797:
9795:
9790:
9789:
9786:
9770:
9766:
9762:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9734:
9730:
9729:Yoshua Bengio
9726:
9722:
9718:
9716:
9715:Sarah Gilbert
9712:
9711:Derrick Rossi
9708:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9695:Drew Weissman
9692:
9688:
9686:
9682:
9678:
9674:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9658:
9654:
9651:
9647:
9643:
9642:Kip S. Thorne
9639:
9635:
9633:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9618:
9615:
9608:
9604:
9594:
9590:
9589:Mark E. Davis
9586:
9582:
9580:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9547:Joseph Altman
9544:
9542:
9541:Linda Watkins
9538:
9534:
9530:
9528:
9524:
9523:Martin Cooper
9520:
9518:
9514:
9510:
9509:Robert Langer
9506:
9502:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9480:
9476:
9474:
9470:
9466:
9465:Joan Massagué
9462:
9458:
9457:Judah Folkman
9454:
9452:
9448:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9428:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9396:
9392:
9388:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9376:research team
9375:
9371:
9369:
9365:
9363:of Costa Rica
9362:
9358:
9354:
9352:
9348:
9346:
9342:
9340:
9336:
9334:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9318:
9314:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9302:
9301:Pablo Rudomín
9298:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9270:
9266:
9264:
9260:
9258:
9254:
9253:
9250:
9243:
9239:
9234:
9226:
9221:
9219:
9214:
9212:
9207:
9206:
9203:
9183:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9114:James E. Gunn
9112:
9110:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9046:Edward Witten
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8864:Roger Revelle
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8831:
8830:Henry Stommel
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8820:Eugene Parker
8818:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8680:Edward Teller
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8646:Lyman Spitzer
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8565:Hans A. Bethe
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8509:Maurice Ewing
8507:
8505:
8504:Carl Djerassi
8502:
8499:
8497:
8496:Saul Winstein
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8464:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8444:Eugene Wigner
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8429:Paul Bartlett
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8416:Louis Hammett
8414:
8412:
8411:Gregory Breit
8409:
8407:
8406:Francis Birch
8404:
8402:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8365:William Rubey
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8301:
8297:
8283:
8282:Michael Artin
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8231:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8195:Bradley Efron
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8121:Felix Browder
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8097:Stephen Smale
8095:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8044:John McCarthy
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8022:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Samuel Karlin
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
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7911:
7909:
7906:
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7901:
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7883:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7854:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7815:Oscar Zariski
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7771:
7767:
7753:
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7710:
7707:
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7699:
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7686:
7683:
7680:
7678:
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7672:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7662:
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7656:
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7646:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7589:Ray W. Clough
7587:
7584:
7582:
7581:Alfred Y. Cho
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7563:
7561:
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7529:
7525:
7519:
7516:
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7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7451:John G. Trump
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7422:
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7416:
7410:
7407:
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7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
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7377:
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7369:
7366:
7364:
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7359:
7356:
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7338:
7336:
7333:
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7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
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7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7304:
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7301:
7297:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:Edwin H. Land
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7212:Vannevar Bush
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7181:
7177:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7128:Allen J. Bard
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7083:JoAnne Stubbe
7081:
7079:
7078:Joanna Fowler
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
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7034:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6988:Susan Solomon
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
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6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6832:Melvin Calvin
6830:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6773:Yuan Tseh Lee
6771:
6769:
6768:Harry B. Gray
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6742:Gilbert Stork
6740:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6725:
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6716:
6713:
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6710:
6706:
6702:
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6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6650:Bruce Alberts
6648:
6646:
6645:May Berenbaum
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6622:
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6615:
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6596:
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6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6551:Lubert Stryer
6549:
6547:
6546:Nina Fedoroff
6544:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6528:Anthony Fauci
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6471:Harold Varmus
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6404:Lynn Margulis
6402:
6400:
6399:Jared Diamond
6397:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Thomas Eisner
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6313:Maxine Singer
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Paul A. Marks
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6104:Stanley Cohen
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Efraim Racker
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:James V. Neel
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:Horace Barker
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Sewall Wright
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5751:
5747:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5716:Anne Treisman
5714:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5673:Kenneth Arrow
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:Anne Anastasi
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5469:
5464:
5462:
5457:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5020:
5013:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4987:
4986:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4966:Eric D. Green
4958:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4774:
4770:
4763:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4517:
4515:9781847396150
4511:
4507:
4500:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4463:September 19,
4458:
4452:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4410:
4404:
4389:
4385:
4378:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4340:
4336:
4335:The Battalion
4332:
4325:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4232:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4212:
4196:
4189:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4054:
4048:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4012:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3576:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3542:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3440:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2748:June 22, 2010
2747:
2740:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2613:9780745953717
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2585:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:2027.42/62684
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2266:2027.42/30901
2262:
2258:
2254:
2251:(6): 971–83.
2250:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:(3): 419–20.
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1845:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1728:
1722:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1620:
1614:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:Karl Giberson
1496:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:HarperCollins
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:Veritas Forum
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1293:leap of faith
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1239:Trotter Prize
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:In 2023, the
1052:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
966:
963:
961:
956:
954:
950:
949:
944:
939:
937:
936:public health
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:
888:
886:
885:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
848:
847:
842:
840:
831:
826:
812:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:haplotype map
767:
765:
761:
760:Francis Crick
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
688:
687:Lap-Chee Tsui
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
665:
660:
659:
654:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
581:home schooled
578:
574:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
464:
455:
445:
429:
420:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
395:
394:
390:
388:
384:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
358:
355:
352:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:(age 74)
269:
265:
260:
256:
252:
249:
243:
239:
236:
230:
227:
223:
220:
216:
210:
205:
202:
197:
193:
190:
184:
180:
177:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
137:
132:
129:
124:
121:
118:
112:
109:
106:
100:
97:
94:
90:
84:
79:
75:
70:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
10557:Jane Goodall
10550:
10498:Desmond Tutu
10301:Stanley Jaki
10271:Billy Graham
10109:
9991:Carol Prives
9898:Daniel Frost
9864:Gordon Brown
9707:Özlem Türeci
9663:Joanne Chory
9657:Svante Pääbo
9638:Rainer Weiss
9537:Baruch Minke
9533:David Julius
9501:Sumio Iijima
9495:Ginés Morata
9451:Jane Goodall
9418:
9415:John Sulston
9411:Craig Venter
9401:Robert Gallo
9345:Amable Liñán
9257:Alberto Sols
9156:Sandra Faber
9151:Sidney Drell
8981:Leo Kadanoff
8976:James Cronin
8924:Hans Dehmelt
8859:Robert Pound
8825:Robert Sharp
8641:John Sinfelt
8608:Verner Suomi
8575:Lewis Sarett
8439:Lars Onsager
8383:Henry Eyring
8350:John Bardeen
8092:Richard Karp
8060:Allen Newell
7839:Jerzy Neyman
7464:Tung-Yen Lin
7441:Bill Hewlett
7371:Morris Cohen
6965:John W. Cahn
6866:Karl Folkers
6627:Lucy Shapiro
6577:Elaine Fuchs
6571:
6456:Ann Graybiel
6386:Janet Rowley
6368:James Watson
6360:Ruth Patrick
6203:Philip Leder
6073:Mildred Cohn
6021:Severo Ochoa
5998:E. O. Wilson
5433:
5380:
5359:
5330:Robert Stone
5017:
4983:
4953:
4895:at Wikiquote
4858:
4849:Businessweek
4848:
4815:(2): 28–29.
4812:
4806:
4800:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4773:The Atlantic
4772:
4762:
4750:. Retrieved
4735:
4723:. Retrieved
4719:the original
4714:
4705:
4687:
4675:. Retrieved
4671:
4661:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:
4636:
4624:. Retrieved
4619:
4610:
4600:September 3,
4598:. Retrieved
4588:
4564:
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4538:the original
4524:
4505:
4499:
4487:. Retrieved
4483:
4473:
4461:. Retrieved
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4434:
4425:
4413:. Retrieved
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4387:
4377:
4365:. Retrieved
4361:the original
4356:
4347:
4339:the original
4334:
4324:
4312:. Retrieved
4308:
4299:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4265:the original
4258:
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4188:
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4105:November 30,
4103:. Retrieved
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4023:
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3267:the original
3260:
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3212:
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3120:
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3099:. Retrieved
3087:
3063:. Retrieved
3057:
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3031:
3021:
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2996:February 16,
2994:. Retrieved
2989:
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2954:
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2870:
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2669:the original
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2572:the original
2565:
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2469:
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2172:the original
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2001:
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1976:the original
1963:
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1918:
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1721:
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1702:
1693:
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1676:
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1648:
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1630:
1623:. Retrieved
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1579:
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1484:
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1462:
1452:
1438:
1436:
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1379:
1370:
1362:Episcopalian
1354:Presbyterian
1342:
1339:D. J. Grothe
1332:
1326:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1272:
1269:Christianity
1251:
1243:
1232:
1213:
1202:
1152:
1143:neurological
1132:
1101:
1095:playing and
1090:
1070:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
999:
995:
972:
964:
957:
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940:
929:
925:Donald Trump
922:
909:
905:
891:
889:
882:
880:
853:
852:
844:
843:
835:
815:NIH director
810:
799:
787:
768:
752:human genome
748:Craig Venter
745:
742:
719:
691:
680:
669:
662:
656:
650:
626:
620:, earning a
614:biochemistry
570:
559:, replacing
550:
523:
522:bestseller,
517:
515:
488:
462:
461:
391:
360:Institutions
343:
246:Succeeded by
222:Bill Clinton
208:
187:Succeeded by
153:Donald Trump
149:Barack Obama
135:
115:Succeeded by
82:
73:
36:
10591:1950 births
10510:Jean Vanier
10504:Tomáš Halík
10486:Martin Rees
10392:Ian Barbour
10374:Bill Bright
10368:Paul Davies
10120:Ben Feringa
10077:Steve Young
10059:Jack Thorne
9986:Cathy Price
9966:Hugh Osborn
9951:Linda Nazar
9908:David Harel
9888:John Endler
9681:Terence Tao
9571:Peter Higgs
9517:Tobin Marks
9461:Tony Hunter
9441:Vinton Cerf
9317:Guido Münch
9109:Berni Alder
8916:Frank Press
8797:Walter Kohn
8774:George Pake
8708:Walter Munk
8631:Herman Mark
8613:Henry Taube
8401:Jesse Beams
8355:Peter Debye
8337:Harold Urey
8261:Barry Mazur
7823:John Milnor
7717:Amnon Yariv
7661:Leo Beranek
7487:Ernst Weber
7340:Abel Wolman
6931:Thomas Cech
6861:Elkan Blout
6801:Max Tishler
6718:Roger Adams
6676:Simon Levin
6142:Harry Eagle
5965:Paul Gyorgy
5657:Gary Becker
5012:Eric Lander
4914:Appearances
4715:veritas.org
4646:www.pbs.org
4583:D.J. Grothe
4309:www.nsf.gov
4201:February 5,
3351:Nature News
3294:Nature News
3261:NIH Record,
3127:January 15,
3037:October 18,
2970:October 18,
2944:October 25,
2877:October 16,
2675:October 16,
2519:October 16,
2178:October 16,
2147:October 16,
1985:October 16,
1834:October 12,
1426:agnosticism
1422:John Horgan
1412:Agnosticism
1377:documentary
1289:C. S. Lewis
1077:Eric Lander
1060:Hepatitis C
1044:James Comer
1040:Larry Tabak
637:Chapel Hill
561:Eric Lander
540:. In 2009,
409:James Cross
297:Diane Baker
233:Preceded by
174:Preceded by
108:Eric Lander
103:Preceded by
10585:Categories
10150:Ada Yonath
10029:Ralf Speth
10019:John Shine
9981:John Plane
9725:Yann LeCun
9703:Uğur Şahin
9673:Yves Meyer
9648:, and the
8903:Vera Rubin
8542:Paul Flory
8203:Hyman Bass
8076:John Cocke
7979:Raoul Bott
7882:Kurt Gödel
7874:John Tukey
7831:Paul Cohen
7446:George Low
7409:Simon Ramo
6632:Leroy Hood
6433:Carl Woese
6381:Bruce Ames
5892:Ernst Mayr
5382:NIH Record
5310:Rolla Dyer
5083:Institutes
4989:2009–2021
4960:1993–2008
4037:August 30,
3273:August 30,
3209:IEEE Pulse
3059:Reason.com
2008:(1): 3–6.
1829:Genome.gov
1683:October 5,
1654:January 5,
1603:January 5,
1537:References
1469:Free Press
1097:motorcycle
596:degree in
555:as Acting
277:1950-04-14
10334:Baba Amte
9851:Ben Berks
9632:Hugh Herr
9374:Atapuerca
8898:Val Fitch
7966:Peter Lax
7736:Shu Chien
6983:John Ross
6698:Chemistry
6086:Paul Berg
5478:laureates
5277:Directors
4909:NHRGI Bio
4795:Feb. 2007
4778:April 13,
4752:March 29,
4725:March 29,
4565:Fresh Air
4544:March 15,
4357:faseb.org
4314:March 29,
4271:August 2,
4178:March 22,
3918:March 22,
3892:March 22,
3887:0362-4331
3853:0362-4331
3818:0098-7484
3606:0098-7484
3565:April 29,
3535:April 29,
3507:April 29,
3481:March 29,
3433:April 29,
3229:2154-2287
3193:115287921
3153:March 29,
3096:0099-9660
3065:April 21,
2897:9-June-09
2809:March 29,
2746:NIH News,
2701:March 29,
2475:March 29,
2096:CiteSeerX
1782:702791906
1772:(Ph.D.).
1753:Chapter 1
1489:HarperOne
1350:Methodist
1334:Fresh Air
1279:Methodist
1218:from the
1104:rock band
960:Joe Biden
629:residency
598:chemistry
482:(NIH) in
302:Education
218:President
209:In office
157:Joe Biden
145:President
136:In office
96:Joe Biden
92:President
83:In office
10086:Honorary
9821:elected
8877:Ed Stone
5874:Jay Lush
5245:Programs
4746:Archived
4695:Archived
4489:June 24,
4441:June 24,
4415:July 30,
4393:July 30,
4382:jdyork.
4367:July 30,
4289:Archived
4240:Archived
4220:Archived
4152:March 3,
4079:July 30,
3955:Archived
3858:July 28,
3826:36892977
3777:July 28,
3771:PBS News
3751:July 30,
3725:July 30,
3699:July 30,
3673:July 30,
3648:July 30,
3624:27636028
3381:24834516
3332:24482835
3245:22127481
3237:29155378
2850:19608881
2769:July 30,
2729:June 24,
2538:Archived
2444:12714972
2435:10540076
2390:(2003).
2030:30491698
1955:16909377
1915:(2006).
1786:ProQuest
1561:7-Aug-09
1555:Archived
1520:See also
1433:Abortion
1397:and the
1323:BioLogos
1275:agnostic
1161:and the
1014:COVID-19
979:Big Data
969:Projects
716:Genomics
509:and the
501:and the
467:ForMemRS
253:(acting)
240:(acting)
194:(acting)
181:(acting)
10098:Foreign
9830:Fellows
9823:in 2020
9817:of the
9815:Fellows
5434:Italics
5374:Related
5199:Centers
5022:Acting
4904:NIH Bio
4829:9490474
4001:June 4,
3615:5101947
3475:nih.gov
3372:5101948
3323:4058759
3302:Bibcode
3185:1440505
3147:nih.gov
3101:May 12,
2830:Science
2452:4420150
2404:Bibcode
2367:9103196
2347:Science
2275:8458085
2223:2772644
2203:Bibcode
2195:Science
2118:2997931
2088:Bibcode
2080:Science
2065:7549422
2022:1301996
1946:1559551
1899:6093122
1867:Bibcode
1810:May 11,
1471:, 2006)
1459:, 1998)
1393:on the
1358:Baptist
1341:on the
1331:and on
870:and by
866:of the
846:Science
802:Nigeria
693:Science
10571:(2023)
10565:(2022)
10559:(2021)
10553:(2020)
10536:(2019)
10530:(2018)
10524:(2017)
10518:(2016)
10512:(2015)
10506:(2014)
10500:(2013)
10494:(2012)
10488:(2011)
10482:(2010)
10465:(2009)
10459:(2008)
10453:(2007)
10447:(2006)
10441:(2005)
10435:(2004)
10429:(2003)
10423:(2002)
10417:(2001)
10411:(2000)
10394:(1999)
10388:(1998)
10382:(1997)
10376:(1996)
10370:(1995)
10364:(1994)
10358:(1993)
10352:(1992)
10346:(1991)
10340:(1990)
10336:&
10319:(1989)
10315:&
10309:(1988)
10303:(1987)
10297:(1986)
10291:(1985)
10285:(1984)
10279:(1983)
10273:(1982)
10267:(1981)
10261:(1980)
10244:(1979)
10238:(1978)
10232:(1977)
10226:(1976)
10220:(1975)
10214:(1974)
10208:(1973)
9931:Xin Lu
9767:, and
9751:2024:
9745:, and
9737:2023:
9731:, and
9719:2022:
9713:, and
9689:2021:
9683:, and
9671:2020:
9661:2019:
9655:2018:
9636:2017:
9630:2016:
9620:2015:
9591:, and
9583:2014:
9577:, and
9569:2013:
9559:2012:
9553:, and
9545:2011:
9539:, and
9531:2010:
9521:2009:
9515:, and
9499:2008:
9489:2007:
9483:2006:
9477:2005:
9471:, and
9455:2004:
9449:2003:
9443:, and
9431:2002:
9425:, and
9409:2001:
9399:2000:
9389:1999:
9379:1998:
9372:1997:
9366:1996:
9355:1995:
9349:1994:
9343:1993:
9337:1992:
9331:1991:
9321:1990:
9315:1989:
9305:1988:
9295:1987:
9289:1986:
9279:1985:
9273:1984:
9267:1983:
9261:1982:
9255:1981:
4998:Acting
4979:Acting
4918:C-SPAN
4827:
4677:May 2,
4651:May 9,
4626:May 9,
4512:
3885:
3851:
3824:
3816:
3622:
3612:
3604:
3453:"Home"
3379:
3369:
3330:
3320:
3243:
3235:
3227:
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3183:
3094:
2918:May 2,
2848:
2646:May 3,
2610:
2578:May 3,
2450:
2442:
2432:
2396:Nature
2365:
2304:
2283:802885
2281:
2273:
2221:
2116:
2098:
2063:
2028:
2020:
1953:
1943:
1897:
1890:392022
1887:
1780:
1733:May 5,
1711:May 5,
1632:Bible.
1625:May 3,
1360:, and
1124:TEDMED
1120:gospel
1093:guitar
1075:after
914:chorus
641:Fellow
398:(1974)
396:
387:Thesis
350:Fields
294:Spouse
289:, U.S.
163:Deputy
74:Acting
10544:2020s
10473:2010s
10402:2000s
10327:1990s
10252:1980s
10199:1970s
9141:2010s
8990:2000s
8839:1990s
8660:1980s
8466:1970s
8314:1960s
8233:2010s
8135:2000s
8024:1990s
7935:1980s
7856:1970s
7784:1960s
7726:2010s
7635:2000s
7527:1990s
7418:1980s
7299:1970s
7194:1960s
7105:2010s
6997:2000s
6851:1990s
6727:1980s
6708:1960s
6604:2010s
6413:2000s
6227:1990s
6045:1980s
5901:1970s
5764:1960s
5706:2010s
5647:2000s
5559:1990s
5519:1980s
5500:1960s
5069:U.S.
5025:2022
4484:Salon
4197:. BIO
4056:(PDF)
4031:(PDF)
4020:(PDF)
3938:Slate
3241:S2CID
3189:S2CID
2619:God.'
2448:S2CID
2279:S2CID
2241:(PDF)
2026:S2CID
1979:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1497:with
1447:Books
1264:Views
1185:with
1135:music
1087:Music
126:16th
9665:and
9650:LIGO
9624:and
9563:and
9525:and
9493:and
9403:and
9393:and
9383:and
9359:and
9325:and
9309:and
9299:and
9283:and
9178:2014
9165:2012
9147:2011
9118:2009
9105:2008
9092:2007
9084:2006
9071:2005
9063:2004
9050:2003
9032:2002
9014:2001
8996:2000
8972:1999
8959:1998
8941:1997
8933:1996
8920:1995
8907:1994
8894:1993
8886:1992
8868:1991
8845:1990
8811:1989
8783:1988
8755:1987
8727:1986
8689:1983
8666:1982
8622:1979
8589:1976
8561:1975
8533:1974
8500:1973
8472:1970
8448:1969
8425:1968
8397:1967
8369:1966
8346:1965
8328:1964
8320:1963
8278:2013
8265:2012
8252:2011
8239:2010
8220:2009
8207:2007
8199:2006
8191:2005
8183:2004
8175:2003
8167:2002
8154:2001
8141:2000
8117:1999
8109:1998
8101:1997
8088:1996
8080:1995
8072:1994
8064:1993
8056:1992
8048:1991
8030:1990
8001:1989
7988:1988
7975:1987
7962:1986
7949:1983
7941:1982
7917:1979
7904:1976
7886:1975
7878:1974
7870:1973
7862:1970
7843:1969
7835:1968
7827:1967
7819:1966
7811:1965
7798:1964
7790:1963
7748:2012
7740:2011
7732:2010
7713:2009
7705:2008
7697:2007
7689:2006
7681:2005
7673:2004
7665:2003
7657:2002
7649:2001
7641:2000
7622:1999
7614:1998
7601:1996
7593:1995
7585:1994
7577:1993
7564:1992
7546:1991
7533:1990
7509:1989
7491:1988
7473:1987
7455:1986
7437:1983
7424:1982
7385:1979
7367:1976
7344:1975
7326:1974
7313:1973
7305:1970
7286:1969
7273:1968
7260:1967
7252:1966
7234:1965
7221:1964
7208:1963
7200:1962
7158:2014
7150:2013
7137:2012
7124:2011
7111:2010
7087:2009
7074:2008
7066:2007
7053:2006
7045:2005
7037:2004
7029:2002
7016:2001
7003:2000
6974:1999
6961:1998
6948:1997
6940:1996
6927:1995
6919:1994
6906:1993
6898:1992
6875:1991
6857:1990
6823:1989
6805:1988
6787:1987
6764:1986
6746:1983
6733:1982
6714:1964
6662:2014
6654:2013
6641:2012
6623:2011
6610:2010
6586:2009
6568:2008
6555:2007
6537:2006
6524:2005
6506:2004
6488:2003
6475:2002
6437:2001
6419:2000
6390:1999
6377:1998
6364:1997
6356:1996
6348:1995
6335:1994
6322:1993
6309:1992
6266:1991
6233:1990
6189:1989
6156:1988
6128:1987
6100:1986
6077:1983
6059:1982
6051:1981
6002:1979
5979:1976
5956:1975
5933:1974
5920:1973
5907:1970
5883:1969
5855:1968
5832:1967
5809:1966
5791:1965
5778:1964
5770:1963
5728:2015
5720:2014
5712:2011
5693:2009
5685:2008
5677:2005
5669:2004
5661:2003
5653:2000
5634:1999
5626:1998
5618:1997
5610:1996
5602:1995
5594:1994
5586:1992
5578:1991
5565:1990
5546:1988
5533:1987
5525:1986
5506:1964
5075:list
4825:PMID
4780:2021
4754:2018
4727:2018
4679:2010
4653:2020
4628:2020
4602:2015
4546:2020
4510:ISBN
4491:2024
4465:2020
4443:2024
4417:2019
4395:2019
4369:2019
4316:2018
4273:2010
4203:2014
4180:2018
4154:2023
4107:2018
4081:2019
4039:2013
4003:2017
3920:2022
3894:2022
3883:ISSN
3860:2024
3849:ISSN
3822:PMID
3814:ISSN
3798:JAMA
3779:2024
3753:2019
3727:2019
3701:2019
3675:2019
3650:2019
3620:PMID
3602:ISSN
3586:JAMA
3567:2016
3537:2016
3509:2016
3483:2018
3435:2016
3377:PMID
3328:PMID
3275:2013
3233:PMID
3225:ISSN
3181:OSTI
3155:2018
3129:2021
3103:2022
3092:ISSN
3067:2022
3039:2020
2998:2022
2972:2009
2946:2011
2920:2010
2879:2011
2846:PMID
2811:2018
2771:2019
2731:2024
2703:2018
2677:2011
2648:2014
2608:ISBN
2580:2014
2521:2011
2477:2018
2440:PMID
2363:PMID
2302:ISBN
2271:PMID
2245:Cell
2219:PMID
2180:2011
2149:2011
2114:PMID
2061:PMID
2018:PMID
1987:2011
1951:PMID
1895:PMID
1836:2021
1812:2020
1778:OCLC
1735:2022
1713:2022
1685:2021
1656:2018
1627:2014
1605:2018
1309:and
1118:and
1116:rock
1006:WIV1
900:and
791:HeLa
758:and
267:Born
4927:TED
4925:at
4916:on
4817:doi
4813:278
3806:doi
3802:329
3610:PMC
3594:doi
3590:316
3367:PMC
3359:doi
3355:509
3318:PMC
3310:doi
3298:505
3217:doi
3173:doi
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