47:
95:
approved of the killing of Retief's men, he replied that he could not condone such an action. However, in Woods later account of the meeting he confessed that he had reported Owen's response as agreeing that such killing was necessary. After several further tense interviews with the king, they were finally able to leave his capital for Port Natal (
74:, who was seeking a missionary to convert the Zulu people to Christianity. Owen agreed to help and travelled to South Africa in 1837 with his wife (Sarah Pennington Owen), daughter (name not known), sister Mary, (who later became a botanist in South Africa) and a maidservant called Jane Williams, later Jane Bird.
85:
When Retief's party arrived in the Zulu capital in
February 1838, Owen was invited by the king to help draw up a written agreement for the allocation of some Zulu land for Retief and his Boer settlers. This was done with the help of a twelve-year-old boy called William Woods who could speak both Zulu
77:
Owen's mission was not a success. Dingane was deeply suspicious of the
Christian teaching and the journal includes accounts of his many interrogations of Christian beliefs. Owen found many local practices strange and brutal compared to life in Yorkshire and viewed the Zulu King as a barbarian and a
102:
In March and April 1838 approximately fifteen hundred rebel Zulu warriors and seventeen
British settlers from Port Natal joined the Boers in attacking the forces of Dingane. Owen and Woods did not take part in the attacks although William Woods' father and uncle were among the thirteen British
94:
Dingane sent assurances to Owen that he and the
British people staying in his mission would not be killed, but the king was not trusted. It is possible that they survived through a deliberate misinterpretation. In his journal, Owen records that when asked by Dingane's representative whether he
90:
The description of the massacre provided by Owen is largely aligned with that of Woods who wrote his account several years later and the oral record passed down by Zulu witnesses. The agreement drafted by Owen was later found in a leather satchel beside Retief's remains.
103:
settlers and about five hundred rebel Zulus killed and are listed on a memorial in the old fort at Durban. The Owens, Woods junior and his mother were still in Port Natal when
Dingane sent a retaliatory force to destroy the town. Fortunately, a ship called the
78:
tyrant. Owen's belief, expressed in his journal and common amongst missionaries at the time, was that anyone not baptised in the church was bound for eternal damnation. This attitude only changed in South Africa in the 1860's with the preachings of
167:
The Diary of the Rev. Francis Owen, M.A., missionary with
Dingaan in 1837-38. Together with extracts from the writings of the interpreters in Zulu, Messrs. Hulley and Kirkman. Edited by Sir Geo. E. Cory
118:
in
Sheffield. He served there for nearly ten years before taking a tour of the Holy Land. As he embarked for home he caught ‘Syrian fever’ and died in
422:
236:
51:
58:. The concrete cross is a bell tower, all that remains of a 1969 church building that was torched during political unrest in the 1980s.
38:. He is also the only European to leave a detailed account of life in the Zulu court and travelling through Natal at that time.
220:
87:
306:
115:
169:(Publications of the Van Riebeeck Society. vol. 7. ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: Joseph Kirkman.
213:
The Great Trek uncut : escape from
British rule : the Boer exodus from the Cape Colony 1836
111:
67:
27:
71:
181:
432:
427:
8:
125:
In 1857, his wife remarried another clergyman, John
Livesey. She died in 1863, aged 54.
279:
271:
230:
46:
368:
322:
Grobler, Jackie (November 2011). "The Retief
Massacre of 6 February 1838 revisited".
302:
283:
216:
263:
138:
63:
416:
55:
35:
88:
Dingane invited them to a farewell celebration where he had them all killed.
122:
on 14th November 1854, aged 52. There is a memorial to him in this church.
79:
23:
107:, had just anchored in the bay and they were able to take shelter aboard.
34:
and his approximate 80 followers in February 1838 in the Zulu capital of
31:
30:. He and his household were the only white witnesses to the massacre of
275:
251:
119:
114:
and returned to England in 1841. In 1844 he became the second vicar of
252:"Dingane and the Voortrekkers: A Note on South African Historiography"
267:
96:
54:
mission station on Hlomo amabutho, the site of Owen's camp at
70:
when he attended a lecture given by a retired naval captain,
301:. Cape Town, South Africa: Human and Rousseau. p. 206.
403:
Memorials of Sheffield: Its Cathedrals and Parish churches
296:
356:. Johannesburg: The Central News Agency. p. 215.
133:
Owen and his family appear as characters in the book
341:. Pietermaritzberg: P Davis & Sons. p. 450.
182:"Biographical Database of Southern African Science"
186:Biographical Database of Southern African Science
414:
390:. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 226.
173:
86:and English. As the settlers prepared to leave,
160:
158:
156:
154:
16:First English missionary to the Zulu kingdom
137:by Robert Brightwell. Owen also appears in
385:
379:
235:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
151:
66:, London, in 1802. In 1836 was a vicar in
394:
206:
204:
202:
405:. Sheffield: JW Northend. p. 124-5.
45:
22:was the first English missionary to the
321:
290:
215:. Solihull, England. pp. 290–300.
210:
423:Christian missionaries in South Africa
415:
373:South African Military History Society
351:
315:
199:
128:
345:
249:
400:
360:
336:
243:
330:
13:
14:
444:
297:Gledhill, Eily &Jack (1980).
366:
354:The Voortrekkers of South Africa
179:
164:
1:
144:
41:
256:The Journal of Negro History
7:
386:Mackeurtan, Graham (1930).
299:In the Steps of Piet Retief
250:Okoye, Felix (April 1971).
10:
449:
116:St Thomas' Crookes Church
112:Church Missionary Society
68:Normanton, West Yorkshire
352:Nathan, Manfred (1937).
369:"Diary of William Wood"
211:Binckes, Robin (2013).
339:Annals of Natal, Vol 1
165:Owen, Francis (1926).
135:Flashman and the Zulus
72:Allen Francis Gardiner
59:
49:
388:Cradle Days of Natal
337:Bird, John (1888).
129:Literary references
60:
141:'s book "Marie".
62:Owen was born in
440:
407:
406:
401:Odom, W (1922).
398:
392:
391:
383:
377:
376:
364:
358:
357:
349:
343:
342:
334:
328:
327:
319:
313:
312:
294:
288:
287:
247:
241:
240:
234:
226:
208:
197:
196:
194:
192:
177:
171:
170:
162:
139:H. Rider Haggard
26:, then ruled by
448:
447:
443:
442:
441:
439:
438:
437:
413:
412:
411:
410:
399:
395:
384:
380:
367:Wood, William.
365:
361:
350:
346:
335:
331:
320:
316:
309:
295:
291:
268:10.2307/2716235
248:
244:
228:
227:
223:
209:
200:
190:
188:
178:
174:
163:
152:
147:
131:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
446:
436:
435:
430:
425:
409:
408:
393:
378:
359:
344:
329:
326:(56): 113–132.
314:
307:
289:
262:(2): 135–140.
242:
222:978-1908916280
221:
198:
180:Owen, Mary C.
172:
149:
148:
146:
143:
130:
127:
110:Owen left the
52:Dutch Reformed
43:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
445:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
418:
404:
397:
389:
382:
374:
370:
363:
355:
348:
340:
333:
325:
318:
310:
304:
300:
293:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
238:
232:
224:
218:
214:
207:
205:
203:
187:
183:
176:
168:
161:
159:
157:
155:
150:
142:
140:
136:
126:
123:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
100:
98:
92:
89:
83:
81:
75:
73:
69:
65:
57:
56:Umgungundlovu
53:
48:
39:
37:
36:Umgungundlovu
33:
29:
25:
21:
402:
396:
387:
381:
372:
362:
353:
347:
338:
332:
323:
317:
298:
292:
259:
255:
245:
212:
189:. Retrieved
185:
175:
166:
134:
132:
124:
109:
104:
101:
93:
84:
80:John Colenso
76:
61:
28:King Dingane
24:Zulu kingdom
20:Francis Owen
19:
18:
433:1854 deaths
428:1802 births
32:Piet Retief
417:Categories
308:0798110880
191:23 January
145:References
120:Alexandria
42:Background
284:140392274
231:cite book
324:Historia
276:2716235
64:Chelsea
305:
282:
274:
219:
97:Durban
280:S2CID
272:JSTOR
105:Comet
303:ISBN
237:link
217:ISBN
193:2021
99:).
50:The
264:doi
419::
371:.
278:.
270:.
260:56
258:.
254:.
233:}}
229:{{
201:^
184:.
153:^
82:.
375:.
311:.
286:.
266::
239:)
225:.
195:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
