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or, importantly, her lover's, who is silently present at the scene of the testimony." Additionally, Francesca's persuasive power derives from her language, which echoes that of love poetry, especially from Dante's early poems. In this way, Francesca becomes a reflection of Dante himself. At the end of
Francesca's testimony, Dante faints and "fell as a dead body falls." The pilgrim's symbolic death parallels Francesca's submission to her desires. Francesca becomes an "avatar of a persona that had been Dante's own." Learning from Francesca's faults allows the pilgrim to rectify his own relationship with literature. Though Dante condemns Francesca, his compassionate literary portrayal gives her a dignity and a historical significance that she was deprived of in real life. In other words, her historical legacy transcends her literary condemnation.
1368:
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lovely person that was taken from me; and the manner still injures me." She depicts herself as a passive agent who succumbed to Paolo's love for her. Francesca's description of love "seizing" her implies that she views herself as a helpless victim of her circumstance. She continues that, "Love, which pardons no one loved from loving in return, seized me for his beauty so strongly that, as you see, it still does not abandon me." Here, she affirms that her reciprocation of Paolo's affection was dictated by "Love" itself, rather than a genuine love that came from within. Again, she portrays herself as a passive victim, refusing to recognize her own agency. Finally, Francesca explains that "Love led us on to one death." Francesca does not accept responsibility for the origins nor the consequences of her affair.
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wedding that
Francesca discovered the deception. This version of events, however, is very likely a fabrication. It would have been nearly impossible for Francesca not to know who both Giovanni and Paolo were, and that Paolo was already married, given the dealings the brothers had had with Ravenna and Francesca's family. Also, Boccaccio was born in 1313, some 27 years after Francesca's death, and while many Dante commentators after Boccaccio echoed his version of events, none before him had mentioned anything similar.
186:, reserved for the lustful. The couple are buffeted by violent winds in a similar manner that they allowed themselves to be swept away by their passions. Dante approaches Francesca and Paolo. Francesca takes ownership of telling their story while Paolo weeps in the background. She first introduces herself not by name, but by the city in which she was born; Francesca's self-association with the land implies a voluntary detachment from her personhood and a self-objectification.
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197:. Francesca tells Dante that she "was kissed by so great a lover, he, who will never be separated from me, kissed my mouth, all trembling. Galeotto was the book and he who wrote it: that day we read there no further." Again, Francesca refers to herself as a passive object and assigns agency to literature that
588:
Boccaccio stated that
Francesca had been tricked into marrying Giovanni through the use of Paolo as a proxy. Guido, fearing that Francesca would never agree to marry the crippled Giovanni, had supposedly sent for the much more handsome Paolo in Giovanni's stead. It wasn't until the morning after the
189:
Dante's condemnation of
Francesca stems from her complete refusal of agency. In her compelling speech to Dante, Francesca blames love as the agent of her sin. Francesca explaining that Paolo loved her first and describes how "Love, which is swiftly kindled in the noble heart, seized this one for the
212:
Dante's literary portrayal of
Francesca allows her to become a relevant example for moral agency. Dante portrays Francesca compassionately and assigns her a commanding and persuasive voice. Francesca is "never actively interrupted by any authoritative male voice, be it the pilgrim's, the narrator's
167:, where she is the first soul damned in Hell proper to be given a substantive speaking role. Francesca's testimony and condemnation is the first historical record of her, laying the foundation for her remembrance and legacy. Dante's knowledge of Francesca most likely stemmed from her nephew,
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Dante
Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Dante
Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Dante
Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
2030:
Dante
Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
2021:
Dante
Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
2012:
Dante Alighieri, Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, and Robert Turner. 1996. The divine comedy of Dante Alighieri. Volume 1, Volume 1. Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. New York: Oxford University Press.
129:. Though Paolo, too, was married, they managed to carry on an affair for some ten years, until Giovanni ultimately surprised them in Francesca's bedroom some time between 1283 and 1286, killing them both.
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It is also important to underscore that Francesca and Paolo's adultery was enabled by literature. Francesca and Paolo's relationship began innocently while reading a tale about
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In the years following Dante's portrayal of Francesca, legends about Francesca began to appear. Chief among them was one put forth by poet
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Barolini, Teodolinda. 2000. "Dante and Francesca da Rimini: Realpolitik, romance, gender". Speculum (Cambridge, Mass.). 1-28.
2003:
Barolini, Teodolinda. 2000. "Dante and Francesca da Rimini: Realpolitik, romance, gender". Speculum (Cambridge, Mass.). 1-28.
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In the 19th century, the story of Paolo and Francesca inspired numerous theatrical, operatic, and symphonic adaptations.
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Barolini, Teodolinda (January 2000). "Dante and Francesca da Rimini: Realpolitik, Romance, Gender".
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reads. Ironically, if Paolo and Francesca had finished reading, they would have learned that
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2325:, multimedia website that includes gallery of images of the Paolo and Francesca episode
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John Freccero. "The Portrait of Francesca. Inferno V." MLN 124, no. 5S (2009): 7â38.
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940:, "tragedia" (in fact an opera) in five acts, libretto after D'Annunzio (Rome 1901)
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at the Centro Internazionale di Studi Francesca da Rimini, Los Angeles (including
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1028:, opera in three acts, libretto after Dante by Emil ĂbrĂĄnyi Sr. (Budapest 1912)
1004:, opera in one act (two tableaux) with a prologue and an epilogue, libretto by
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Paolo da Malatesta and Francesca da Rimini surprised by Gianciotto Malatesta
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2162:, ed. Richard Utz and Tom Shippey (Turnhout: Brepols, 1998), pp. 255â61.
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Dante Meditating the Episode of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
1915:. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Retrieved December 2022.
1276:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
202:
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1974:
101:, Francesca was wedded in or around 1275 to the brave, yet crippled
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113:. The marriage was a political one; Guido had been at war with the
63:(died between 1283 and 1286) was an Italian medieval noblewoman of
30:
This article is about the 13th-century person. For other uses, see
3351:
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3191:
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3076:
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1706:
1038:, opera in three tableaux, based on Crawford's play (Paris 1914,
520:
98:
64:
1102:, "FarĂČ come colui che piange e dice", aria (musical setting of
171:, who served as Dante's host in Ravenna at the end of his life.
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179:
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110:
850:, opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Lisbon 1857)
750:, opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Rimini 1835)
273:, oil on canvas, 1846 (Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Savona)
3176:
3061:
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2743:
1959:"Dante and Francesca da Rimini: Realpolitik, Romance, Gender"
1789:
1298:
772:, opera in three acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Genoa 1837)
740:, opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Livorno 1832)
3730:
The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
730:, opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Naples 1831)
690:, opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Naples 1825)
146:
The Ghosts of Paolo and Francesca Appear to Dante and Virgil
3141:
2798:
1341:, oil on canvas (between 1872 and 1884; private collection)
720:, opera in two acts, libretto by Felice Romani (Lucca 1829)
604:
released the single "Francesca" as part of his 2023 album
3196:
1947:
Translation and commentary by Robert and Jean Hollander.
233:
Dante Observing the Soaring Souls of Paolo and Francesca
105:(also called Gianciotto or "Giovanni the Lame"), son of
519:, oil on canvas, 1909 (Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna,
2157:
Medievalism in the Modern World. Essays in Honour of
974:, play, translation of Crawford (given with music by
71:, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother,
2151:, "Dante on the Edwardian Stage: Stephen Phillips's
1325:
The Death of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta
125:, she fell in love with Giovanni's younger brother,
762:, opera (composed for Venice 1836, but unperformed)
2584:
1170:Hausmusik. 20th Century Chamber Music for the Home
3606:AprĂšs une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata
2262:Sir George Alexander & The St. James' Theatre
1809:Mort de Francesca de Rimini et de Paolo Malatesta
830:, opera, libretto by Felice Romani (Catania 1846)
820:, opera, libretto by Felice Romani (Vicenza 1843)
404:Paolo Malatesta et Francesca da Rimini aux enfers
3930:
2180:, booklet (synopsis, libretto), 2004 recording
796:, opera after Paolo Pola (Linz 1840; performed
1907:Antonio Enzo Quaglio, Matilde Luberti (1970).
1581:, oil on canvas, 1893 (Museum Oskar Reinhart,
870:, opera, libretto by Benvenuti (Piacenza 1870)
810:, opera in four acts (Genoa 1840; unperformed)
2570:
2383:
2369:
1929:. New York: New American Library. p. 52.
710:, opera, libretto by Paolo Pola (Venice 1828)
406:, oil on canvas, 1883 (Musée des beaux-arts,
271:Dante e Virgilio incontrano Paolo e Francesca
252:Dante and Virgil in the Second Circle in Hell
2222:
2192:
1263:, oil on canvas (1819;Musée des Beaux-Arts,
205:and Lancelot's adultery eventually destroys
157:Francesca appears as a character in Dante's
2344:Giornate Internazionali Francesca da Rimini
2339:, Google Books edition of Leigh Hunt's poem
1945:. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 106â107.
1227:Paolo and Francesca Surprised by Gianciotto
622:Costume sketches for the world premiĂšre of
132:
2577:
2563:
2376:
2362:
1931:Translation and commentary by John Ciardi.
1848:Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo
1628:, pen, ink and watercolor on paper, 1805 (
992:, opera in four acts (St. Petersburg 1902)
910:, tragedy (1901; written for D'Annunzio's
217:Works of art inspired by the Inferno scene
182:meet Francesca and her lover Paolo in the
79:, who portrayed her as a character in the
2294:
2268:
2264:. Reissued 1969, New York: Benjamin Blom.
1940:
1924:
2092:
1956:
1699:Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca
1081:
617:
254:, pen, ink and watercolor on paper, 1823
139:
38:
3470:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli
1247:, oil on canvas (1812; Napoleonmuseum,
563:
14:
3931:
1672:The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini
1610:The dagger scene and the lovers' death
1287:, Paris), and there are other versions
1245:The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini
1138:, Symphonic Poem, Op. 77 (Berlin 1890)
1086:Rachmaninoff with the creators of his
2558:
2357:
2331:, includes images of related artworks
2297:The Divine Comedy, Inferno/Commentary
2250:
2216:
1957:Barolini, Teodolinda (January 2000).
1883:
1874:
1158:, Symphonic Poem (1913, revised 1919)
584:Esposizioni sopra la Comedia di Dante
568:
3531:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street
2186:
1901:
1668:Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
1283:, London; an 1855 version is in the
1241:Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
653:
32:Francesca da Rimini (disambiguation)
2269:Hollander, Robert and Jean (2000).
1867:
1865:
1178:, "The Circle of the Lustful" from
592:
558:, watercolor, gouache and ink, 1930
67:, who was murdered by her husband,
24:
2288:
1885:[franËtÊeskada(p)poËlÉnta]
1876:[franËtÊeskada(r)ËriËmini]
1382:National Museum of History and Art
1068:, based on D'Annunzio (Turin 1914)
1064:, opera in four acts, libretto by
894:, opera in four acts, libretto by
25:
3990:
3427:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic
2314:
676:, opera in two acts, libretto by
88:
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1862:
1828:
1797:
1777:
1758:
1733:
1714:
1687:
1660:
1637:
1614:
1590:
1567:
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1504:
1481:
1458:
1439:
1416:
1393:
1366:
613:
547:
528:
501:
482:
466:
439:
415:
392:
376:, watercolor and gold on paper,
362:
339:
332:The Souls of Paolo and Francesca
320:
313:The Souls of Paolo and Francesca
301:
278:
259:
240:
221:
3974:Characters in the Divine Comedy
3703:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent
2165:
2129:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2051:
2042:
2033:
1846:, oil on canvas, c. 1887 (
1772:, Canto 5 (lines 134â135), 1857
1559:, Paris) was originally titled
2709:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
2299:. Princeton University Press.
2295:Singleton, Charles S. (1970).
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1950:
1934:
1918:
1148:, Symphonic Poem, Op. 6 (1899)
1106:, Canto 5, lines 126ff., 1848)
385:Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Milan
13:
1:
3949:13th-century Italian nobility
3770:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
3314:Pape SatĂ n, pape SatĂ n aleppe
2401:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
1894:
1812:
1695:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1314:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
1255:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
429:
377:
45:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
3979:Medieval assassinated people
3411:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep
3321:RaphĂšl mai amĂšcche zabĂŹ almi
1378:Paolo et Francesca da Rimini
1168:, guitar duo from the album
75:. She was a contemporary of
7:
3959:Assassinated Italian people
1297:, several illustrations to
1233:(1805; Thorvaldsen Museum,
475:Dante et Virgile aux Enfers
459:Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
400:Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin
235:, pen and ink, c. 1800
10:
3995:
3954:13th-century Italian women
3539:The System of Dante's Hell
3167:Constance, Queen of Sicily
2539:Francesca da Rimini (play)
2256:
2144:
1844:Morte di Paolo e Francesca
1353:, marble sculpture (1888;
962:, play in five acts (1902)
427:Group Francesca de Rimini
29:
3906:
3880:
3833:
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3713:
3672:
3597:
3490:
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3337:
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3305:
3279:
3130:
2992:Bonconte I da Montefeltro
2950:
2883:
2827:
2804:Ugolino della Gherardesca
2644:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti
2607:
2598:
2523:
2496:
2477:
2442:
2424:
2392:
1941:Alighieri, Dante (2000).
1925:Alighieri, Dante (2003).
1649:La Franceschina di Rimini
1409:Scottish National Gallery
1018:, opera in one act (1907)
636:
577:in his commentary on the
2143:beginning 6 March 1902.
1855:
1784:Francisco DĂaz Carreño:
1674:, 1812 (Napoleonmuseum,
1110:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
1093:
169:Guido Novello da Polenta
163:, the first part of the
3435:La commedia di Amos Poe
3162:Charles Martel of Anjou
3037:Giovanna da Montefeltro
2789:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
1788:, oil on canvas, 1866 (
1701:, oil on canvas, 1819 (
1472:, oil on canvas, 1864 (
1407:, oil on canvas, 1837 (
1327:, oil on canvas (1870;
1279:, oil on canvas (1835;
1198:
1118:, symphonic poem (1876)
980:Théùtre Sarah Bernhardt
956:Francis Marion Crawford
734:Giuseppe Fournier-Gorre
353:, oil on canvas, 1875 (
292:, oil on canvas, 1852 (
3097:Omberto Aldobrandeschi
3032:Gherardo III da Camino
2729:Guido I da Montefeltro
2348:one more image gallery
1881:Italian pronunciation:
1872:Italian pronunciation:
1309:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
1216:
1090:
633:
600:In 2023, the musician
315:, wood-engraving, 1857
154:
107:Malatesta da Verucchio
53:
50:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
3964:Assassinated nobility
3778:La barca de Aqueronte
3443:Dante's Hell Animated
3227:Mary, mother of Jesus
2987:Bonagiunta Orbicciani
2689:Farinata degli Uberti
1913:Enciclopedia Dantesca
1604:, oil on canvas, 1894
1534:, oil on canvas, 1885
1530:Ludwik WiesioĆowski:
1335:George Frederic Watts
1124:, Symphonic Prologue
1085:
700:, opera (Madrid 1831)
621:
542:, oil on canvas, 1909
347:George Frederic Watts
334:, oil on canvas, 1863
184:second circle of hell
143:
42:
3893:English translations
3850:Devil May Cry series
3633:(Rachmaninoff, 1904)
3147:Bernard of Clairvaux
2137:Sir George Alexander
1512:Charles Edward Hallé
930:, opera (Paris 1882)
878:Francesca von Rimini
804:Salvatore Papparlado
790:Johann Arnold-Gruber
782:, opera (Genoa 1840)
564:Reception and legacy
61:Francesca da Polenta
18:Francesca da Polenta
3888:Cultural references
3754:The Barque of Dante
3722:The Barque of Dante
3638:Francesca da Rimini
3630:Francesca da Rimini
3625:(Tchaikovsky, 1876)
3622:Francesca da Rimini
3499:The Story of Rimini
3202:Hierarchy of angels
3187:Folquet de Marselha
2699:Francesca da Rimini
2532:Francesca da Rimini
2486:Francesca da Rimini
2467:Francesca da Rimini
2459:Françoise de Rimini
2451:Francesca da Rimini
2385:Francesca da Rimini
2336:The Story of Rimini
2153:Paolo and Francesca
1909:Francesca da Rimini
1786:Francisca de RĂmini
1745:Paolo and Francisca
1602:Paolo and Francesca
1579:Paolo and Francesca
1561:Francesca da Rimini
1516:Paolo and Francesca
1470:Paolo und Francesca
1451:Paolo und Francesca
1432:Kunsthalle Mannheim
1428:Paolo und Francesca
1405:Francesca da Rimini
1339:Paolo and Francesca
1295:Francesca da Rimini
1260:Paolo and Francesca
1211:Raffaello Matarazzo
1190:, "Francesca" from
1188:Andrew Hozier-Byrne
1156:Francesca da Rimini
1146:Francesca da Rimini
1136:Francesca da Rimini
1126:Francesca da Rimini
1115:Francesca da Rimini
1088:Francesca da Rimini
1076:Francesca da Rimini
1061:Francesca da Rimini
1050:Francesca da Rimini
1036:Francesca da Rimini
1001:Francesca da Rimini
996:Sergei Rachmaninoff
990:Francesca da Rimini
971:Francesca da Rimini
960:Francesca da Rimini
949:Paolo and Francesca
938:Francesca da Rimini
927:Françoise de Rimini
907:Francesca da Rimini
902:Gabriele D'Annunzio
896:Antonio Ghislanzoni
892:Francesca da Rimini
868:Francesca da Rimini
858:Francesca di Rimini
848:Francesca da Rimini
838:Francesca da Rimini
828:Francesca da Rimini
818:Francesca da Rimini
808:Francesca da Rimini
794:Francesca da Rimini
780:Francesca da Rimini
776:Gioacchino Maglioni
770:Francesca da Rimini
759:Francesca da Rimini
754:Francesco Morlacchi
748:Francesca da Rimini
738:Francesca da Rimini
728:Francesca da Rimini
718:Francesca da Rimini
708:Francesca da Rimini
698:Francesca da Rimini
688:Francesca da Rimini
674:Francesca da Rimini
670:Feliciano Strepponi
664:Francesca da Rimini
647:The Story of Rimini
629:Francesca da Rimini
624:Sergei Rachmaninoff
556:Paolo and Francesca
554:John Riley Wilmer:
494:Paolo and Francesca
374:Paolo and Francesca
351:Paolo and Francesca
267:Giuseppe Fraschieri
121:families. While in
57:Francesca da Rimini
3898:In popular culture
3507:La Comédie humaine
3454:(2016 documentary)
3451:Botticelli Inferno
3052:Jacopo del Cassero
2972:Beatrice Portinari
2779:Pope Boniface VIII
2769:Pietro della Vigna
2543:George Henry Boker
2251:General references
2141:St James's Theatre
2063:10.1353/mln.0.0224
1768:: Illustration of
1728:, watercolor, 1825
1726:Paolo et Francesca
1653:Thorvaldsen Museum
1645:Bartolomeo Pinelli
1630:Thorvaldsen Museum
1281:Wallace Collection
1091:
1026:Paolo Ă©s Francesca
1006:Modest Tchaikovsky
864:Giuseppe Marcarini
844:Giovanni Franchini
834:George Henry Boker
824:Vincenzo Sassaroli
814:Francesco Cannetti
744:Giuseppe Tamburini
694:Saverio Mercadante
634:
575:Giovanni Boccaccio
569:Giovanni Boccaccio
451:Paolo et Francesca
155:
103:Giovanni Malatesta
95:Guido I da Polenta
69:Giovanni Malatesta
54:
27:Italian noblewoman
3969:Da Polenta family
3926:
3925:
3876:
3875:
3805:The Gates of Hell
3786:La Laguna Estigia
3725:(Delacroix, 1822)
3688:"Dante's Inferno"
3665:(Ronchetti, 2020)
3654:The Divine Comedy
3598:Music (classical)
3395:The Dante Quartet
3275:
3274:
3172:Cunizza da Romano
3092:Oderisi da Gubbio
3057:Giovanna Visconti
2946:
2945:
2784:Pope Nicholas III
2734:Iacopo Rusticucci
2552:
2551:
2173:Paolo e Francesca
2159:Leslie J. Workman
1927:The Divine Comedy
1840:Paolo e Francesca
1805:Alexandre Cabanel
1622:Joseph Anton Koch
1532:Francesca i Paolo
1493:Paolo e Francesca
1321:Alexandre Cabanel
1223:Joseph Anton Koch
1206:Paolo e Francesca
1166:Paolo e Francesca
1100:Gioachino Rossini
1056:Riccardo Zandonai
1016:Paolo e Francesca
934:Antonio Scontrino
766:Emanuele Borgatta
654:Theatre and opera
540:Paolo e Francesca
517:Paolo e Francesca
286:Joseph Noel Paton
248:Joseph Anton Koch
16:(Redirected from
3986:
3914:
3913:
3773:(Rossetti, 1885)
3765:(Rossetti, 1868)
3749:(Flandrin, 1835)
3741:(Scheffer, 1835)
3641:(Zandonai, 1914)
3547:Demon Lord Dante
3355:(Terragni, 1938)
3335:
3334:
3217:John the Apostle
3042:Guido Guinizelli
3007:Conrad Malaspina
3002:Cato the Younger
2825:
2824:
2605:
2604:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2310:
2284:
2273:. Anchor Books.
2265:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2224:Luciano Canepari
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:Luciano Canepari
2190:
2184:
2178:Luigi Mancinelli
2169:
2163:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1905:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1836:Gaetano Previati
1832:
1817:
1814:
1801:
1781:
1762:
1747:, brush drawing
1737:
1722:EugĂšne Delacroix
1718:
1691:
1664:
1641:
1618:
1594:
1571:
1543:
1527:
1508:
1485:
1466:Anselm Feuerbach
1462:
1447:Anselm Feuerbach
1443:
1424:Anselm Feuerbach
1420:
1397:
1370:
1046:Primo Riccitelli
1012:Luigi Mancinelli
986:Eduard NĂĄpravnĂk
944:Stephen Phillips
666:, tragedy (1818)
593:Modern reception
551:
536:Gaetano Previati
532:
509:Umberto Boccioni
505:
486:
470:
443:
434:
431:
419:
396:
382:
379:
366:
343:
324:
305:
282:
263:
244:
225:
115:Malatesta family
21:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3902:
3872:
3858:Dante's Inferno
3829:
3792:
3789:(Hidalgo, 1887)
3781:(Hidalgo, 1887)
3762:Pia de' Tolomei
3709:
3668:
3649:(Puccini, 1918)
3646:Gianni Schicchi
3593:
3571:Jimbo's Inferno
3486:
3457:
3419:Dante's Inferno
3387:Dante's Inferno
3379:Dante's Inferno
3358:
3347:(Palanti, 1923)
3326:
3301:
3271:
3212:James the Great
3126:
3102:Pia de' Tolomei
2977:Beatrice d'Este
2942:
2879:
2828:Circles of Hell
2823:
2754:Paolo Malatesta
2719:Gualdrada Berti
2694:Filippo Argenti
2634:Brunetto Latini
2624:Bertran de Born
2600:
2594:
2583:
2553:
2548:
2519:
2492:
2473:
2438:
2420:
2388:
2382:
2342:Website of the
2317:
2307:
2291:
2289:Further reading
2281:
2258:Mason, A. E. W.
2253:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2187:
2170:
2166:
2134:
2130:
2107:10.2307/2887423
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1975:10.2307/2887423
1955:
1951:
1939:
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1642:
1633:
1619:
1605:
1595:
1586:
1572:
1563:
1544:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:, oil on canvas
1509:
1500:
1486:
1477:
1463:
1454:
1444:
1435:
1430:, study, 1864 (
1421:
1412:
1398:
1389:
1371:
1362:The tĂȘte-Ă -tĂȘte
1219:
1209:, 1950 film by
1201:
1152:Paul von Klenau
1132:Antonio Bazzini
1128:, Op. 24 (1890)
1096:
922:Ambroise Thomas
888:Antonio Cagnoni
724:Giuseppe Staffa
714:Gaetano Quilici
704:Pietro Generali
656:
639:
616:
595:
571:
566:
559:
552:
543:
533:
524:
506:
497:
487:
478:
473:EugĂšne Deully:
471:
462:
444:
435:
432:
420:
411:
397:
388:
380:
367:
358:
344:
335:
325:
316:
306:
297:
294:Bury Art Museum
283:
274:
264:
255:
245:
236:
226:
195:Lancelot du Lac
138:
91:
77:Dante Alighieri
73:Paolo Malatesta
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
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3884:
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3862:
3854:
3846:
3842:King of Demons
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3817:
3808:(Rodin, 1917)
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3757:(Manet, 1850s)
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3674:
3673:Music (modern)
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3614:Dante Symphony
3610:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3587:Gert's Inferno
3583:
3575:
3567:
3563:The Dante Club
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3494:
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3345:Palacio Barolo
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3269:
3264:
3262:Thomas Aquinas
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Imperial Eagle
3204:
3199:
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3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
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3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
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3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Marco Lombardo
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3027:Garden of Eden
3024:
3022:Gaia da Camino
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Alagia Fieschi
2958:
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2595:
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2527:
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2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2481:
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2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2454:(Rachmaninoff)
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2411:
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2389:
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2373:
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2358:
2352:
2351:
2340:
2332:
2326:
2322:World of Dante
2316:
2315:External links
2313:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2266:
2252:
2249:
2246:
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2215:
2185:
2164:
2147:, p. 237. See
2128:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1949:
1933:
1917:
1911:(in Italian).
1899:
1898:
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1893:
1890:
1889:
1860:
1859:
1857:
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1852:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1776:
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1764:
1757:
1755:
1751:British Museum
1739:
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1575:Arnold Böcklin
1573:
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1529:
1522:
1520:
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1501:
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1464:
1457:
1455:
1453:, sketch, 1864
1445:
1438:
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1422:
1415:
1413:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1374:Antonio Canova
1372:
1365:
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1359:
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1342:
1332:
1318:
1306:
1288:
1268:
1252:
1238:
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1213:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:Unreal Unearth
1185:
1176:MediĂŠval BĂŠbes
1173:
1159:
1149:
1142:Pierre Maurice
1139:
1129:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1092:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1053:
1043:
1029:
1019:
1009:
993:
983:
976:Gabriel Pierné
963:
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941:
931:
919:
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841:
831:
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788:(pseudonym of
783:
773:
763:
751:
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731:
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711:
701:
691:
681:
667:
660:Silvio Pellico
655:
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651:
650:
638:
635:
615:
612:
607:Unreal Unearth
594:
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570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
553:
546:
544:
534:
527:
525:
507:
500:
498:
490:Amelia Bauerle
488:
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137:
131:
90:
89:Life and death
87:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3991:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
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3886:
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3879:
3868:
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3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3844:
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3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:Dante in Hell
3743:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:(Blake, 1827)
3732:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:(Smith, 1996)
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:(Liszt, 1857)
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:(Liszt, 1849)
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
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3297:Great refusal
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3112:Sapia Salvani
3110:
3108:
3107:Pope Adrian V
3105:
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3090:
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3087:Nino Visconti
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3017:Forese Donati
3015:
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2967:Arnaut Daniel
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2714:Great refusal
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2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:and locations
2597:
2593:
2592:
2591:Divine Comedy
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:Divine Comedy
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2489:(Tchaikovsky)
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2469:
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2434:
2433:Drums of Love
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2306:0-691-01895-2
2302:
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2280:0-385-49698-2
2276:
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2255:
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2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2182:Naxos Records
2179:
2175:
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2168:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2149:William Calin
2146:
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2138:
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2096:
2089:
2080:
2071:
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2054:
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2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
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1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1928:
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1886:
1877:
1868:
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1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1821:Musée d'Orsay
1810:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1756:
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1741:Alfred Elmore
1736:
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1655:, Copenhagen)
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1603:
1599:
1598:Frank Dicksee
1593:
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1489:Amos Cassioli
1484:
1479:
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1474:Schackgalerie
1471:
1467:
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1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:Auguste Rodin
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:Musée d'Orsay
1326:
1322:
1319:
1316:
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1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
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1101:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1078:, play (1924)
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:Opéra-Comique
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:(Moscow 1906)
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
991:
987:
984:
981:
977:
973:
972:
967:
966:Marcel Schwob
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:, play (1902)
951:
950:
945:
942:
939:
935:
932:
929:
928:
923:
920:
917:
916:Eleonora Duse
913:
909:
908:
903:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
879:
875:
874:Hermann Goetz
872:
869:
865:
862:
860:, play (1860)
859:
855:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:, play (1853)
839:
835:
832:
829:
825:
822:
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719:
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712:
709:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:Luigi Carlini
682:
679:
678:Felice Romani
675:
671:
668:
665:
661:
658:
657:
648:
644:
641:
640:
632:(Moscow 1906)
631:
630:
625:
620:
614:Related works
611:
609:
608:
603:
598:
590:
587:
585:
580:
579:Divine Comedy
576:
557:
550:
545:
541:
537:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
504:
499:
495:
491:
485:
480:
476:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Auguste Rodin
442:
437:
428:
424:
423:Auguste Rodin
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
390:
386:
375:
371:
365:
360:
356:
355:Watts Gallery
352:
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342:
337:
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329:
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318:
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196:
191:
187:
185:
181:
178:5, Dante and
177:
172:
170:
166:
165:Divine Comedy
162:
161:
152:
148:
147:
142:
136:
135:Divine Comedy
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
83:
82:Divine Comedy
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3916:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3706:(2011 album)
3701:
3698:(2006 album)
3693:
3684:(1973 album)
3679:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3605:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3480:
3468:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3418:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3369:
3350:
3338:Architecture
3232:Peter Damian
3132:
3082:Nella Donati
2951:
2938:Scarmiglione
2918:Draghignazzo
2724:Guido Guerra
2698:
2629:Bonturo Dati
2608:
2589:
2538:
2535:(D'Annunzio)
2530:
2510:
2503:
2484:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2431:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2384:
2335:
2329:WisdomPortal
2321:
2296:
2270:
2261:
2236:. Retrieved
2234:(in Italian)
2231:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2204:(in Italian)
2201:
2188:
2172:
2167:
2156:
2152:
2135:Produced by
2131:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1912:
1903:
1843:
1839:
1808:
1785:
1769:
1766:Gustave Doré
1744:
1725:
1703:Musée Bonnat
1698:
1671:
1648:
1625:
1601:
1578:
1560:
1550:
1531:
1515:
1496:
1492:
1469:
1450:
1427:
1411:, Edinburgh)
1404:
1401:William Dyce
1377:
1348:
1338:
1324:
1312:
1302:
1294:
1291:Gustave Doré
1274:
1271:Ary Scheffer
1258:
1244:
1226:
1204:
1194:album (2023)
1184:album (2002)
1179:
1169:
1165:
1162:Olga Gorelli
1155:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1122:Arthur Foote
1114:
1103:
1087:
1075:
1072:Nino Berrini
1066:Tito Ricordi
1059:
1049:
1035:
1032:Franco Leoni
1025:
1022:Emil ĂbrĂĄnyi
1015:
999:
989:
978:Paris 1902,
969:
959:
947:
937:
925:
905:
898:(Turin 1878)
891:
877:
867:
857:
847:
837:
827:
817:
807:
798:posthumously
793:
786:Eugen Nordal
779:
769:
757:
747:
737:
727:
717:
707:
697:
687:
680:(Padua 1823)
673:
663:
646:
627:
605:
599:
596:
582:
578:
572:
555:
539:
516:
512:
493:
474:
455:Couple damné
454:
450:
426:
403:
373:
370:MosĂš Bianchi
350:
331:
328:Gustave Doré
312:
309:Gustave Doré
289:
270:
251:
232:
229:Henry Fuseli
211:
209:'s kingdom.
198:
192:
188:
175:
173:
164:
158:
156:
151:Ary Scheffer
144:
134:
93:Daughter of
92:
80:
60:
56:
55:
43:
36:
3944:1285 deaths
3939:1255 births
3869:(cancelled)
3834:Video games
3821:The Thinker
3690:(1995 song)
3526:(1917â1962)
3510:(1830â1850)
3477:Jean Giraud
3331:Adaptations
3287:Contrapasso
3257:Saint Peter
3222:Justinian I
3157:Cacciaguida
3152:Bonaventure
2898:Barbariccia
2885:Malebranche
2814:Vanni Fucci
2271:The Inferno
2232:DiPI Online
2202:DiPI Online
2198:"Francesca"
2176:, opera by
1943:The Inferno
1816: 1870
1651:, c. 1809 (
1557:Musée Rodin
1355:Musée Rodin
882:Ernst Frank
433: 1897
408:Carcassonne
381: 1877
207:King Arthur
133:In Dante's
3933:Categories
3797:Sculptures
3523:The Cantos
3491:Literature
3403:A TV Dante
3292:Terza rima
3047:Hugh Capet
2953:Purgatorio
2923:Farfarello
2908:Calcabrina
2759:Phlegethon
2599:Characters
2478:Orchestral
2470:(Zandonai)
2238:11 January
2208:11 January
1895:References
1676:Arenenberg
1583:Winterthur
1386:Luxembourg
1235:Copenhagen
1231:watercolor
854:Jan Neruda
643:Leigh Hunt
109:, lord of
3714:Paintings
3695:Dante XXI
3371:L'Inferno
2933:Rubicante
2739:Malebolge
2228:"Polenta"
2123:161686492
2101:(1): 16.
1991:161686492
1792:, Madrid)
1680:Constance
1476:, Munich)
1267:, France)
357:, Surrey)
203:Guinivere
3917:Category
3866:The Lost
3813:The Kiss
3481:Paradiso
3280:Concepts
3242:Piccarda
3182:Empyrean
3133:Paradiso
3117:Sordello
2982:Belacqua
2928:Malacoda
2913:Ciriatto
2903:Cagnazzo
2893:Alichino
2764:Phlegyas
2674:Ciampolo
2654:Cerberus
2649:Capaneus
2639:Caiaphas
2462:(Thomas)
2408:The Kiss
2260:(1935).
2095:Speculum
1969:(1): 3.
1963:Speculum
1823:, Paris)
1552:The Kiss
1497:Il Bacio
1357:, Paris)
1350:The Kiss
1331:, Paris)
1249:Arenberg
1181:The Rose
912:mistress
513:Il sogno
3881:Related
3681:Inferno
3662:Inferno
3579:Inferno
3555:Inferno
3483:, 1999)
3352:Danteum
3252:Solomon
3247:Ripheus
3192:Gabriel
3122:Statius
3077:Matelda
3067:Manfred
2997:Casella
2865:Seventh
2809:Ulysses
2679:Cocytus
2619:Acheron
2610:Inferno
2524:Theatre
2512:Inferno
2155:." In:
2139:at the
2115:2887423
1983:2887423
1770:Inferno
1707:Bayonne
1555:(1888;
1303:Inferno
1104:Inferno
1052:, opera
521:Ferrara
176:Inferno
160:Inferno
119:Polenta
99:Ravenna
65:Ravenna
3861:(2010)
3853:(2001)
3845:(1996)
3824:(1904)
3816:(1882)
3590:(2023)
3582:(2013)
3574:(2006)
3566:(2003)
3558:(1976)
3550:(1971)
3542:(1965)
3534:(1937)
3518:(1905)
3502:(1816)
3473:(1485)
3446:(2013)
3438:(2010)
3430:(2010)
3422:(2007)
3414:(2006)
3406:(1989)
3398:(1987)
3390:(1935)
3382:(1924)
3374:(1911)
3363:Cinema
3306:Verses
3267:Trajan
2870:Eighth
2850:Fourth
2840:Second
2819:Virgil
2774:Plutus
2749:Nessus
2704:Geryon
2669:Ciacco
2664:Chiron
2659:Charon
2497:Poetry
2303:
2277:
2121:
2113:
1989:
1981:
1499:, 1870
1317:(1862)
1305:(1857)
1285:Louvre
1265:Angers
1172:(2000)
649:(1816)
637:Poetry
602:Hozier
496:, 1902
477:, 1897
180:Virgil
153:, 1835
123:Rimini
111:Rimini
52:(1862)
3177:David
3062:Lethe
3012:Eunoe
2875:Ninth
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