510:
3261:
519:
467:
31:
3249:
3186:
3225:
3198:
3237:
367:
It is unclear where the names of the second group actually come from. The tradition states that
Melchiades asked that the saints be commemorated as Claudius, Nicostratus, Simpronian, and Castorius. These same names actually are identical to names shared by converts of Polycarp the priest, in the
348:. Emperor Diocletian did indeed commission the extensive use of porphyry in his many building projects. Diocletian also visited the Thebaid during his reign, though he was more usually associated with the Balkans, which might explain why the story's location was transposed to Pannonia over time.
403:
by Jacopo da
Voragine. It appears that the original four martyrs were beaten to death by order of Emperor Diocletian (r. AD 284â305). Their story became conflated with that of a group of five stonecarvers, also martyred by Diocletian for refusing to carve the image of a Roman god. Due to their
434:
had to be written. It was written to account for the fact that there were five saints in group two rather than four. Thus, the story concerning group one was simply invented, and the story describes the death of four martyrs, who were soldiers from Rome rather than
Pannonian stonemasons. The
203:, the names of the members of the first group were not known at the time of their death "but were learned through the Lordâs revelation after many years had passed." They were called the "Four Crowned Martyrs" because their names were unknown ("crown" referring to the crown of
423:, which kept their feast on August 8, not November 8. These four "borrowed" martyrs were not buried in Rome, but in the catacomb of Albano; their feast was celebrated on August 7 or August 8, the date under which is cited in the Roman Calendar of Feasts of 354. The
1004:
Images of Four
Crowned Saints, Nanni di Banco, 1410-12. Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of European and North American architecture and sculpture from classical Greek to Post-modern. Scanned from slides taken on site by Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton
449:
Delehaye, after extensive research, determined that there was actually only one group of martyrs â the stonemasons of group two â whose relics were taken to Rome. One scholar has written that "the latest research tends to agree" with
Delehaye's conclusion.
457:
gives
Simpronianus, Claudius, Nicostratus, Castorius and Simplicius, described as marble masons, as the martyrs celebrated on November 8, and the Albano martyrs Secundus, Carpophorus, Victorinus and Severianus as celebrated on August 8.
319:, they refused to make a statue of Ăsculapius for a heathen temple. For this they were condemned to death as Christians. They were put into leaden caskets and drowned in the River Save. This happened towards the end of 305.
331:
quarrying and masonry located at the 'porphyritic mountain' indicate that the story's setting is misplaced; there are no porphyry quarries in
Pannonia and the only porphyry quarry worked in the ancient world is in Egypt.
306:
of these martyrs, written by a revenue officer named
Porphyrius probably in the fourth century, relates of the five sculptors that, although they raised no objections to executing such profane images as
404:
profession as sculptors, the five early
Christian martyrs were an obvious choice for the guild of stonemasons, but their number seems often to have been understood to be four, as in this case.
356:
When the names of the first group were learned, it was decreed that they should be commemorated with the second group. The bodies of the first group were interred by St. Sebastian and Pope
336:
was quarried to supply the rare and expensive imperial porphyry for the emperor's building works and statuary, for which it was exclusively set aside. Mons
Porphyrites is in the
633:
613:(d. 876/877). The latter was the most widely circulated in subsequent centuries, and contributed to the spread of the martyrs' veneration during the
993:
in illo tempore » November 8, the Four Crowned Martyrs, with images of them and of Santi Quattro Coronati and the Chapel of Pope St Sylvester I
2070:
2100:
399:
The rather confusing story of the four crowned martyrs was well known in Renaissance Florence, principally as told in the thirteenth-century
380:, the real origin of which, however, is not known. They were classed with the five martyrs of Pannonia in a purely external relationship."
3158:
845:
632:
which was historically remarkable for a similar structure and textual style, and for some differences with regard to the content. The
248:(284â305), two years after the death of the five sculptors, mentioned below. The bodies of the martyrs were buried in the cemetery of
1122:
1075:
835:
Alban Butler, Sarah Fawcett Thomas, Paul Burns, "Butler's Lives of the Saints," (Continuum International Publishing Group, 1997), 63.
625:
3306:
3301:
3062:
1033:
November 8, the Four Crowned Martyrs, with images of them and of Santi Quattro Coronati and the Chapel of Pope St Sylvester I
910:
384:
249:
36:
1270:
407:
Problems arise with determining the historicity of these martyrs because one group contains five names instead of four.
1975:
1093:
897:
877:
811:
2934:
2105:
376:, a name given to a group of really authenticated martyrs who were buried and venerated in the Catacomb of Saints
522:
3165:
1697:
3027:
2215:
1170:
1068:
419:
say were revealed as those of the Four Crowned Martyrs, were borrowed from the martyrology of the Diocese of
1782:
3296:
1140:
683:
675:
554:
were sent from Rome to England in 601. Their connection with stonemasonry in turn connected them to the
509:
3215:
2929:
2150:
663:
107:
3311:
2185:
1995:
1955:
372:, however, "this report has no historic foundation. It is merely a tentative explanation of the name
3281:
2791:
2050:
1717:
1499:
1383:
1363:
1303:
1061:
188:
Severus (or Secundius), Severian(us), Carpophorus (Carpoforus), Victorinus (Victorius, Vittorinus)
2924:
2263:
2233:
1624:
1398:
1188:
1084:
711:
547:
388:
103:
240:, or clerks, in charge of all the regiment's records and paperwork) who refused to sacrifice to
3190:
2055:
2000:
1702:
1343:
1308:
1285:
1193:
1102:
560:
488:, probably in the general area where tradition located their execution. This became one of the
475:
377:
126:
849:
686:, the guild of stone and woodworkers, of which he was a member. These saints were the guild's
3133:
3097:
2919:
2859:
2248:
2130:
2040:
1897:
1867:
1802:
1742:
1712:
1348:
1293:
1135:
1037:
1003:
294:
99:
1038:
Four Crowned Saints (or Four Crowned Martyrs) and relief at base of tabernacle, Orsanmichele
550:
came from a monastery near the Basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati in Rome, or because their
3037:
2982:
2977:
1902:
1882:
1817:
1787:
1609:
1564:
1539:
1494:
1456:
1421:
1358:
1318:
1218:
308:
3012:
2992:
2258:
1907:
1106:
8:
3291:
3286:
3087:
2967:
2809:
2075:
1960:
1940:
1877:
1837:
1807:
1757:
1737:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1634:
1504:
1378:
1275:
1266:
1213:
1027:
580:
3067:
1985:
3253:
3128:
3123:
3072:
2997:
2352:
2200:
2090:
2045:
2035:
1965:
1950:
1847:
1832:
1827:
1762:
1727:
1722:
1619:
1569:
1544:
1509:
1474:
1353:
1243:
1233:
1178:
1145:
1032:
992:
659:
641:
589:
439:
328:
181:
141:
111:
1614:
640:
which had some concerns with the Neapolitan document. In 1910, the Jesuit philologist
3153:
3138:
3107:
3102:
3047:
3022:
2987:
2814:
2576:
2406:
2376:
2225:
2210:
2170:
2095:
2060:
1887:
1797:
1732:
1594:
1589:
1574:
1549:
1524:
1489:
1446:
1338:
1323:
1150:
967:
959:
893:
873:
807:
454:
2268:
2020:
387:. According to a lapid dated 1123, the head of one of the four martyrs is buried in
3241:
2957:
2869:
2751:
2741:
2626:
2621:
2541:
2536:
2476:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2396:
2371:
2326:
2115:
2110:
2085:
2065:
1945:
1930:
1922:
1872:
1862:
1822:
1654:
1639:
1604:
1579:
1514:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1203:
489:
333:
215:
Severus (or Secundius), Severian(us), Carpophorus, and Victorinus were martyred at
1629:
918:
288:. The Emperor ordered them to be placed alive in lead coffins and thrown into the
3148:
3007:
2894:
2879:
2776:
2736:
2721:
2701:
2646:
2571:
2561:
2531:
2521:
2456:
2426:
2386:
2381:
2205:
2125:
2080:
2025:
1912:
1857:
1747:
1599:
1484:
1411:
1333:
1298:
1198:
699:
261:
2120:
1053:
748:
621:
and the set with Claudius, Nicostratus, Simpronianus, Castorius and Simplicius.
3170:
3143:
2949:
2864:
2804:
2746:
2731:
2716:
2696:
2691:
2651:
2641:
2551:
2526:
2511:
2496:
2491:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2401:
2283:
2253:
2238:
2195:
2165:
2140:
2010:
1970:
1935:
1812:
1792:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1687:
1584:
1529:
1464:
1416:
1328:
1155:
679:
650:
420:
345:
257:
220:
82:
42:
2972:
971:
779:
427:
wrote that the "martyrs of Albano have no connection with the Roman martyrs".
383:
The bodies of the martyrs are kept in four ancient sarcophagi in the crypt of
3275:
3265:
3229:
3202:
3092:
3077:
3057:
3002:
2962:
2766:
2761:
2711:
2706:
2636:
2616:
2581:
2546:
2516:
2486:
2481:
2411:
2306:
2278:
2243:
2175:
2155:
1436:
1431:
1313:
1110:
1015:
Rosa Giorgi, "Saints: A Year in Faith and Art" (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2006).
963:
687:
606:
199:
1042:
682:
fashioned a sculpture grouping the martyrs after he was commissioned by the
364:, in a sandpit where there rested the remains of other executed Christians.
3082:
2781:
2771:
2756:
2686:
2661:
2596:
2556:
2506:
2416:
2331:
2135:
2015:
1990:
1559:
1368:
1160:
1098:
846:""Monumental Sculpture from Renaissance Florence", National Gallery of Art"
691:
584:
526:
485:
408:
361:
253:
224:
153:
46:
3042:
2889:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2606:
2601:
2591:
2566:
2501:
2391:
2190:
2180:
2160:
2030:
2005:
1534:
1441:
1228:
602:
594:
241:
236:
191:
Claudius, Castorius, Symphorian (Simpronian), Nicostratus, and Simplicius
466:
272:
The second group, according to Christian tradition, were sculptors from
30:
3052:
2726:
2611:
2586:
2436:
2273:
1554:
958:. Vatican City: Pontifical Institute of Christian Archeology: 345â409.
614:
555:
543:
436:
357:
285:
281:
245:
3032:
2939:
2631:
2293:
2145:
1388:
1253:
1130:
204:
947:
3248:
3185:
3017:
2854:
2834:
1892:
1842:
1644:
1373:
1183:
695:
481:
277:
180:) were nine individuals who are venerated as martyrs and saints of
88:
50:
911:"Quator Coronati | Masonic Dictionary | www.masonicdictionary.com"
2909:
2884:
2829:
2346:
2311:
1752:
1707:
1469:
1406:
1261:
565:
535:
337:
273:
558:. One of the scholarly journals of English Freemasons is called
292:
in about 287. Simplicius was killed with them. According to the
2914:
2849:
2839:
2824:
2799:
1852:
1479:
948:"Hagiography as History and the Enigma of the Quattro Coronati"
610:
551:
341:
316:
120:
2904:
2899:
2874:
2844:
2819:
2336:
2321:
2316:
1426:
1114:
312:
173:
134:
546:. This veneration can perhaps be accounted by the fact that
2363:
2341:
2301:
1519:
571:
539:
484:
was erected and dedicated in honor of these martyrs on the
289:
216:
158:
sculptors, stonemasons, stonecutters; against fever; cattle
130:
280:. They refused to fashion a pagan statue for the Emperor
601:(Passion of the Four Crowned Martyrs), mentioned in the
69:
568:
adopted them as patron saints of "Operative Masonry."
430:
The double tradition may have arisen because a second
3213:
597:(847â855). The main biographical source is the Latin
461:
411:
believed that the four names of group one, which the
804:
Porphyry: Red Imperial Porphyry, Power, and Religion
644:
published a commentary of the Four Crowned Martyrs'
617:. Usuard referred to two sets of saint martyrs: the
542:
noting that there was a church dedicated to them in
749:"Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome"
1083:
941:
939:
937:
935:
609:(d. 875) and then in the more concise version of
583:of the Four Crowned Martyrs to the church on the
534:The Four Crowned Martyrs were venerated early in
3273:
244:, and therefore were killed by order of Emperor
184:. The nine saints are divided into two groups:
932:
730:
728:
726:
234:, the four saints were soldiers (specifically
1069:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
780:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Four Crowned Martyrs"
394:
723:
658:had been also studied by the mediaevalists
360:(Miltiades) at the fourth milestone on the
323:The references in the text of the martyrs'
1076:
1062:
945:
816:
806:Turin: Umberto Allemandi, 2012. pp. 65â82
774:
772:
770:
768:
738:(Princeton University Press, 1993), 291â2.
368:legend of St. Sebastian. According to the
264:(whose skull is preserved in the church).
736:The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints
492:of Rome, and was restored several times.
465:
16:Martyrs and saints in Early Christianity
765:
3274:
698:. Finally, they were also depicted by
1057:
634:Abbacy of Saint Mary of Grottaferrata
636:preserved a Greek manuscript of the
599:Passio sanctorum quatuor coronatorum
574:Passio sanctorum quatuor coronatorum
523:Nanni di Banco's Four Crowned Saints
480:In the fourth and fifth centuries a
674:Around 1385, they were depicted by
470:Basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.
351:
13:
1976:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1094:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
462:Basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati
340:, which was a centre of Christian
14:
3323:
1021:
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3196:
3184:
3063:MarĂa de las Maravillas de JesĂșs
2920:Seven Maccabees and their mother
2106:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
983:(here cited pp. 349â50; 345â46).
952:Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana
517:
508:
29:
3307:Groups of Roman Catholic saints
1009:
997:
986:
690:. The work can be found in the
453:The most recent edition of the
446:(the disgrace of hagiography).
267:
903:
883:
863:
838:
796:
741:
734:William Granger Ryan Jacobus,
444:"l'opprobre de l'hagiographie"
442:calls this invented tradition
210:
1:
3302:3rd-century Christian martyrs
3028:Faustina and Liberata of Como
2216:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
2161:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
1085:Saints of the Catholic Church
669:
495:
284:or to offer sacrifice to the
7:
705:
684:Maestri di Pietra e Legname
10:
3328:
3191:Catholic Church portal
2151:Saints of the Cristero War
753:www.orthodoxengland.org.uk
664:Giovanni Battista De Rossi
473:
252:on the fourth mile of the
232:Passion of Saint Sebastian
3179:
3116:
2948:
2790:
2362:
2292:
2224:
2186:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
1956:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
1921:
1686:
1653:
1455:
1397:
1284:
1252:
1169:
1131:Mother of God (Theotokos)
1121:
1091:
946:Maskarinec, Maya (2017).
915:www.masonicdictionary.com
564:, and the Stonemasons of
516:
507:
502:
395:Confusion and conclusions
385:Santi Marcellino e Pietro
250:Santi Marcellino e Pietro
152:
140:
117:
95:
75:
64:
59:
28:
21:
2332:Joseph (father of Jesus)
1718:Athanasius of Alexandria
1500:Athanasius of Alexandria
1384:Theophanes the Confessor
1364:Paul I of Constantinople
1359:Paphnutius the Confessor
1304:Athanasius the Confessor
1028:The Four Crowned Martyrs
717:
676:NiccolĂČ di Pietro Gerini
37:The Four Crowned Martyrs
23:The Four Crowned Martyrs
2264:Gregory the Illuminator
2234:Augustine of Canterbury
1783:Dionysius of Alexandria
1698:Alexander of Alexandria
712:List of Catholic saints
561:Ars Quatuor Coronatorum
548:Augustine of Canterbury
389:Santa Maria in Cosmedin
178:Sancti Quatuor Coronati
104:Eastern Orthodox Church
1703:Alexander of Jerusalem
1309:Chariton the Confessor
1271:in the Catholic Church
1045:Santi Quattro Coronati
678:. Then in about 1415,
476:Santi Quattro Coronati
471:
378:Marcellinus and Pietro
321:
170:Four Holy Crowned Ones
127:Santi Quattro Coronati
3134:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3098:Trasilla and Emiliana
2249:Evermode of Ratzeburg
2131:Perpetua and Felicity
2101:Martyrs of Sandomierz
1971:Dismas the Good Thief
1898:Theophilus of Antioch
1868:Maximus the Confessor
1803:Epiphanius of Salamis
1743:Clement of Alexandria
1457:Doctors of the Church
1349:Maximus the Confessor
1136:Immaculate Conception
892:(Typis Vaticanis 2004
890:Martyrologium Romanum
872:(Typis Vaticanis 2004
870:Martyrologium Romanum
648:in the work entitled
624:In the 10th century,
469:
425:Catholic Encyclopedia
370:Catholic Encyclopedia
300:
295:Catholic Encyclopedia
100:Roman Catholic Church
3038:Hiltrude of Liessies
2983:Catherine of Bologna
2978:Bernadette Soubirous
2171:17 Thomasian Martyrs
1981:Four Crowned Martyrs
1903:Victorinus of Pettau
1883:Papias of Hierapolis
1853:Jerome of Stridonium
1818:Gregory of Nazianzus
1788:Dionysius of Corinth
1610:Lawrence of Brindisi
1565:Bernard of Clairvaux
1540:Anselm of Canterbury
1495:Gregory of Nazianzus
1422:Priscilla and Aquila
1319:Edward the Confessor
626:Archbishop of Naples
619:Quattuor Coronatorum
166:Four Crowned Martyrs
148:November 8 (Group 2)
3088:Teresa of the Andes
2968:Angela of the Cross
2930:Zechariah (prophet)
2076:Martyrs of La Rioja
2071:21 Martyrs of Libya
1961:Christina of Persia
1941:Charles de Foucauld
1878:Quadratus of Athens
1838:Ignatius of Antioch
1808:Fulgentius of Ruspe
1758:Cyril of Alexandria
1753:Cyprian of Carthage
1738:Cappadocian Fathers
1635:Hildegard of Bingen
1505:Cyril of Alexandria
1379:Sergius of Radonezh
1141:Perpetual virginity
587:is recorded in the
276:who were killed in
79:between 287 and 305
3297:4th-century deaths
3129:Four Holy Marshals
3124:Calendar of saints
3093:Teresa of Calcutta
3073:Patricia of Naples
2998:Catherine of Siena
2279:Patrick of Ireland
2201:Vietnamese Martyrs
2091:Martyrs of Otranto
2046:Martyrs of Cajonos
2041:Martyrs of Algeria
2036:Martyrs of Albania
1996:The Holy Innocents
1966:Devasahayam Pillai
1951:Carthusian Martyrs
1893:Polycarp of Smyrna
1848:Isidore of Seville
1833:Hippolytus of Rome
1828:Hilary of Poitiers
1763:Cyril of Jerusalem
1728:Caesarius of Arles
1723:Augustine of Hippo
1625:ThérÚse of Lisieux
1620:Catherine of Siena
1570:Hilary of Poitiers
1545:Isidore of Seville
1520:Bede the Venerable
1510:Cyril of Jerusalem
1475:Augustine of Hippo
1389:Pio of Pietrelcina
1354:Michael of Synnada
802:del Bufalo, Dario
660:Wilhelm Wattenbach
642:Hippolyte Delehaye
628:Peter published a
593:among the acts of
590:Liber Pontificalis
472:
440:Hippolyte Delehaye
317:Chariot of the Sun
182:Early Christianity
146:August 8 (Group 1)
112:Anglican Communion
108:Oriental Orthodoxy
3211:
3210:
3203:Saints portal
3154:Miles Christianus
3139:Martyr of charity
3108:Josephine Bakhita
3103:Ubaldesca Taccini
3048:Kateri Tekakwitha
3023:Faustina Kowalska
3013:Eulalia of MĂ©rida
2993:Catherine Labouré
2988:Brigid of Kildare
2815:Baruch ben Neriah
2259:François de Laval
2244:Damien of Molokai
2211:Victor and Corona
2206:Valentine of Rome
2096:Martyrs of Prague
2061:Martyrs of Gorkum
2021:Martyrs of LĂŒbeck
1908:Vincent of LĂ©rins
1888:Peter Chrysologus
1843:Irenaeus of Lyons
1813:Gregory the Great
1798:Ephrem the Syrian
1595:Robert Bellarmine
1590:John of the Cross
1575:Alphonsus Liguori
1550:Peter Chrysologus
1525:Ephrem the Syrian
1490:Basil of Caesarea
1465:Gregory the Great
1447:Seventy disciples
1339:Lazarus Zographos
1324:Francis of Assisi
1194:James of Alphaeus
1151:Marian apparition
784:www.newadvent.org
532:
531:
455:Roman Martyrology
413:Roman Martyrology
230:According to the
197:According to the
162:
161:
96:Venerated in
54:
3319:
3312:Legendary Romans
3264:
3263:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3068:Narcisa de JesĂșs
3053:Lucy of Syracuse
2958:Agatha of Sicily
2870:John the Baptist
2116:Maximilian Kolbe
2111:Martyrs of Zenta
2086:Martyrs of Natal
2066:Martyrs of Japan
2056:Martyrs of China
2051:Martyrs of Drina
1986:Gerard of CsanĂĄd
1946:Canadian Martyrs
1931:Abda and Abdisho
1873:Melito of Sardis
1863:John of Damascus
1823:Gregory of Nyssa
1708:Ambrose of Milan
1640:Gregory of Narek
1605:Anthony of Padua
1580:Francis de Sales
1515:John of Damascus
1161:Joseph (husband)
1113: â
1109: â
1105: â
1078:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
990:
984:
982:
980:
978:
943:
930:
929:
927:
926:
917:. Archived from
907:
901:
887:
881:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
848:. Archived from
842:
836:
833:
814:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
776:
763:
762:
760:
759:
745:
739:
732:
521:
520:
512:
500:
499:
490:titular churches
374:Quatuor Coronati
352:Joint veneration
334:Mons Porphyrites
123:
41:
33:
19:
18:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3282:Martyred groups
3272:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3183:
3175:
3166:Seven Champions
3159:Church Militant
3149:Athleta Christi
3144:Military saints
3112:
3008:Clare of Assisi
2944:
2880:Judas Barsabbas
2786:
2358:
2288:
2274:Nino of Georgia
2220:
2126:Pedro Calungsod
2081:Martyrs of Laos
2026:Luigi Versiglia
1917:
1858:John Chrysostom
1748:Clement of Rome
1689:
1682:
1649:
1615:Teresa of Ăvila
1600:Albertus Magnus
1485:John Chrysostom
1451:
1412:Mary of Bethany
1393:
1299:Anthony of Kiev
1280:
1248:
1199:James the Great
1165:
1117:
1096:
1087:
1082:
1048:
1043:Santi e beati:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
976:
974:
944:
933:
924:
922:
909:
908:
904:
888:
884:
868:
864:
855:
853:
844:
843:
839:
834:
817:
801:
797:
788:
786:
778:
777:
766:
757:
755:
747:
746:
742:
733:
724:
720:
708:
700:Filippo Abbiati
672:
577:
518:
503:External videos
498:
478:
464:
397:
354:
270:
262:Saint Sebastian
223:, according to
213:
147:
118:
110:
106:
102:
86:
81:
80:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3193:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3171:Virtuous pagan
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2935:Zechariah (NT)
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:JunĂpero Serra
2266:
2261:
2256:
2254:Francis Xavier
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Uganda Martyrs
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Titus Brandsma
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Pietro Parenzo
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Korean Martyrs
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1936:Boris and Gleb
1933:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Desert Mothers
1775:
1773:Desert Fathers
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Peter Canisius
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Thomas Aquinas
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Mary Magdalene
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:Louis Bertrand
1341:
1336:
1331:
1329:Francis Borgia
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1156:Titles of Mary
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1103:Servant of God
1092:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1022:External links
1020:
1018:
1017:
1008:
996:
985:
931:
902:
882:
862:
837:
815:
795:
764:
740:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
707:
704:
680:Nanni di Banco
671:
668:
651:Acta Sanctorum
576:
570:
530:
529:
514:
513:
505:
504:
497:
494:
474:Main article:
463:
460:
421:Albano Laziale
396:
393:
353:
350:
346:Late Antiquity
269:
266:
258:Pope Miltiades
212:
209:
195:
194:
189:
160:
159:
156:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
124:
115:
114:
97:
93:
92:
77:
73:
72:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
43:Nanni di Banco
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3324:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Maria Goretti
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Agnes of Rome
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Thomas Becket
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Irish Martyrs
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:John of Ăvila
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Leo the Great
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
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1187:
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3083:Rose of Lima
2577:John Paul II
2407:Anastasius I
2377:Adeodatus II
2351:
2226:Missionaries
2136:Peter Chanel
2121:Ăscar Romero
2016:Lorenzo Ruiz
1991:Great Martyr
1980:
1560:Peter Damian
1369:Peter Claver
1099:canonization
1049:(in Italian)
1044:
1011:
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988:
975:. Retrieved
955:
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919:the original
914:
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850:the original
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87:Sava River,
68:3rd century
47:Orsanmichele
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3254:Catholicism
3043:Joan of Arc
2973:Ăthelthryth
2890:Melchizedek
2752:Telesphorus
2742:Sylvester I
2627:Marcellus I
2622:Marcellinus
2542:Gregory VII
2537:Gregory III
2452:Celestine V
2447:Celestine I
2442:Callixtus I
2432:Boniface IV
2422:Benedict II
2397:Alexander I
2372:Adeodatus I
2191:Ulma Family
2181:Thomas More
2031:Martyrology
2006:John Fisher
1655:Evangelists
1535:Bonaventure
1189:Bartholomew
1123:Virgin Mary
615:Middle Ages
603:martyrology
595:Pope Leo IV
581:translation
342:erimiticism
242:Aesculapius
227:tradition.
211:First group
91:(2nd Group)
85:(1st Group)
53:, ca. 1415.
3292:305 deaths
3287:287 deaths
3276:Categories
2777:Zephyrinus
2737:Stephen IV
2722:Sixtus III
2702:Simplicius
2647:Nicholas I
2572:John XXIII
2562:Innocent I
2532:Gregory II
2522:Gelasius I
2427:Boniface I
2387:Agapetus I
2382:Adrian III
2353:Matriarchs
2294:Patriarchs
1913:Zephyrinus
1286:Confessors
1254:Archangels
1146:Assumption
1097:Stages of
972:1042931255
925:2020-09-05
900:), p. 439
880:), p. 612
856:2013-01-24
789:2020-09-05
758:2020-09-05
670:Depictions
556:Freemasons
544:Canterbury
496:Veneration
437:Bollandist
358:Melchiades
315:, and the
290:Sava River
286:Roman gods
282:Diocletian
246:Diocletian
3242:Biography
3033:Genevieve
2940:Zephaniah
2747:Symmachus
2732:Stephen I
2717:Sixtus II
2697:Silverius
2692:Sergius I
2652:Paschal I
2642:Miltiades
2552:Hormisdas
2527:Gregory I
2512:Felix III
2497:Evaristus
2492:Eutychian
2477:Eleuterus
2472:Dionysius
2467:Damasus I
2462:Cornelius
2457:Clement I
2402:Anacletus
2146:Philomena
1793:Dionysius
1768:Damasus I
1713:Anatolius
1399:Disciples
1334:Homobonus
1294:Anatolius
1107:Venerable
964:0035-6042
525:, (3:21)
225:Christian
205:martyrdom
154:Patronage
3117:See also
3018:Euphemia
2855:Jeremiah
2835:Habakkuk
2792:Prophets
2767:Vitalian
2762:Victor I
2712:Sixtus I
2707:Siricius
2637:Martin I
2617:Lucius I
2582:Julius I
2547:Hilarius
2517:Felix IV
2487:Eusebius
2482:Eugene I
2412:Anicetus
2284:Remigius
2239:Boniface
1645:Irenaeus
1427:Silvanus
1374:Salonius
1219:Matthias
1184:Barnabas
1171:Apostles
706:See also
696:Florence
482:basilica
417:Breviary
415:and the
329:porphyry
309:Victoria
278:Pannonia
89:Pannonia
51:Florence
3216:Portals
3078:Rosalia
3003:Cecilia
2950:Virgins
2910:Obadiah
2885:Malachi
2830:Ezekiel
2782:Zosimus
2772:Zachary
2757:Urban I
2687:Pontian
2662:Paul VI
2597:Leo III
2557:Hyginus
2507:Felix I
2417:Anterus
2347:Solomon
2312:Abraham
2156:Stephen
1923:Martyrs
1690:Fathers
1663:Matthew
1470:Ambrose
1437:Timothy
1432:Stephen
1407:Apollos
1314:Dominic
1276:Raphael
1269:
1267:Michael
1262:Gabriel
1214:Matthew
1111:Blessed
1005:College
977:May 30,
566:Germany
538:, with
536:England
338:Thebaid
274:Sirmium
60:Martyrs
3266:Europe
3230:Saints
2925:Simeon
2915:Samuel
2850:Isaiah
2840:Haggai
2825:Elijah
2800:Agabus
2682:Pius X
2677:Pius V
2672:Pius I
2657:Paul I
2607:Leo IX
2602:Leo IV
2592:Leo II
2567:John I
2502:Fabian
2392:Agatho
2327:Joseph
1688:Church
1480:Jerome
1244:Thomas
1234:Philip
1179:Andrew
970:
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896:
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656:Passio
654:. The
646:Passio
638:Passio
630:Passio
611:Usuard
552:relics
432:passio
325:passio
121:shrine
119:Major
2905:Nahum
2900:Moses
2895:Micah
2875:Jonah
2845:Hosea
2820:David
2727:Soter
2667:Peter
2612:Linus
2587:Leo I
2437:Caius
2364:Popes
2337:David
2322:Jacob
2317:Isaac
1733:Caius
1442:Titus
1239:Simon
1229:Peter
1115:Saint
718:Notes
694:, in
313:Cupid
174:Latin
142:Feast
135:Italy
2865:Joel
2810:Anna
2805:Amos
2632:Mark
2342:Noah
2307:Abel
2302:Adam
1678:John
1673:Luke
1668:Mark
1224:Paul
1209:Jude
1204:John
979:2021
968:OCLC
960:ISSN
894:ISBN
874:ISBN
808:ISBN
662:and
579:The
572:The
540:Bede
304:Acts
260:and
217:Rome
164:The
131:Rome
76:Died
65:Born
2860:Job
605:of
344:in
327:to
302:he
256:by
219:or
207:).
168:or
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