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31:
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466:, a general supporter of Taft's artistic efforts, was disappointed in the lack of representative geographic configuration and the lack of spirit of the lakes as inland seas. With respect to this specific piece she had gone from being an ardent supporter who felt the model was "stupendous" to finding herself in "doubt" about the work. Taft's human form depictions of the lake failed to capture the imagery of contemporary
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propriety of the symbolism of artistic and attractive bronze figures posed as bodies of water. There had for some time been discussion of the depictions representing relative elevations and the flows of the waters as they seem to do. There were grumblings for closer association of the figures to the lakes by use of physical features, directional orientation and definite contours.
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adornment of bridges and park entrances in order to create long-lasting beauty in addition to supporting the style of art he pursued. By
September 1905 his name was linked in the press to the fund as a possible deserving recipient of its first commission. During the 1905–1906 year he began to place greater emphasis on sculpture in the classes he taught at the
280:. Five women had molded individual figures in response to an assignment and joined them in a tiered group with an imagined waterflow from the containers that they held. By mid-January 1906, Taft cast a plaster version, which he exhibited to Ferguson Fund Trestee Charles L. Hitchinson on January 17 at
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image while Taft had apparently chosen "packing house ladies" as his female form. When Taft presented live depictions of his sculptures with quintets of women, he faced complaints that three of his five sculptural compositions had nude upper torsos, while his live representations were fully clothed.
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At the time of the dedication, Taft described the
Ferguson Fund commission to sculpt the fountain as a turning point in his career that led to increased publicity, more commissions, and growing recognition in the community, which combined to give him the encouragement for further commitment to the
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On
October 31, 1907, the Ferguson Trust Board voted Taft a commission, and on December 16, he signed a $ 38,000 contract to commence work. The commission was the first commission from the Ferguson fund. Despite the financial agreement it would be some time before a determination of a site for the
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was in flux at the time the commission was made, which caused delays in location selection. Once erected, the fountain received largely positive reviews, but a few critics questioned symbolism of the sculpture. Others were caught up in sociopolitical subtexts of the day, with regard to obscenity
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would mark a new era of civic beautification and that it would also mark the beginning of the
Chicago school of sculpture. The dream that Chicago would be the epicenter of the sculpting universe had been bred during the World's Columbian Exposition twenty years earlier and rekindled with the
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was positive with some describing it as a cultural achievement for Taft and
Chicago. The detractors conceded that as a figural composition, it was ideal in an Old World way. Critics voiced concern over the sculpture's confusion and decorum. One of the basic problems for the critics was the
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1 million charitable trust gift to "memorialize events in
American History" funded The Fountain, and many other public works in Chicago. As the city attempted to determine a policy for the fund's use, Taft argued for fountains, allegorical statuary, discreetly placed portrait busts, and the
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work. Ward's suit continued to loom over the deliberations. One proposal was to locate it in Grant Park south of the Art
Institute and another was to locate it at the 35th Street and Grand Boulevard (Now Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive) intersection that now hosts the
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to the west wall of the new wing in a position facing westward. The sculpture was positioned so that the plaque on the back, which reads that the "fund must be used for erecting and maintaining enduring statuary and monuments", is no longer legible.
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twice sued the city of
Chicago to force it to remove buildings and structures from Grant Park and to keep it from building new ones. The second suit was still pending in 1906 and the legal cloud regarding deliberations of architectural limitations in
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The fountain was originally installed on an elevated platform facing south where it remained until 1963, when it was moved next to the Morton Wing addition facing west. In its original location it served as a visible landmark from the
Jackson and
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a cover with an image of the work and a caption describing the anticipation of the
Beautifying Buffalo Society for obtaining the work for the city. However, by the end of 1907 Taft and his connections with the Trust Fund resolved his commission.
296:' Medal for general excellence. The Municipal art League exhibition chairperson, Mrs. William F. Grower, decided to form a subcommittee to help satisfy public support for the work to be the first Ferguson fund commission. However, even after the
569:. This was in keeping with Taft's penchant for classical inspiration although this was a loose association where the number of daughters was reduced from 49 to 5 and the artist's task did not seem to be nearly as cruel as the mythological one.
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After one got past the symbolism of the ladies as lakes, complaints existed about the lack of recognition of the contemporary form of female representation in art and literature which had gone from the
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for bronze casting. Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge designed the base for the sculpture. It was subsequently assembled by mid-August in preparation for a September 9, 1913 dedication date.
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486:. Taft's representations of Lakes with quiet trickling water was in keeping with his general theme of quiet dignity for public sculpture. On the day of the dedication the
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fully nude painting, the Roman Catholic Church, critics, art dealers and collectors. All this led to a 1913 amendment to the Chicago municipal obscenity laws proposed by
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in 1893 that the sculptors charged with ornamenting the fairgrounds failed to produce anything that represented the great natural resources of the west, especially the
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released the bequest to the trustees on May 23, 1906, no commission was made because the trustees were undecided between a statuary and a portrait commission.
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and allegorical public sculpture, especially public fountains. The fountain was produced in the period following his assignment to design sculptures for
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The degree to which nudity in public art was more for the "sake of nudity than for the sake of art." was a contemporary issue involving confiscated
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As the first commission from the Ferguson Fund, it experienced various funding delays. Additionally, the legal environment for land use in
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artwork, created between 1907 and 1913, depicts five women arranged so that the fountains waterfall recalls the waterflow through the five
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Additionally, Grant Park has been protected since 1836 by "forever open, clear and free" legislation that has been affirmed by several
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as it related to the power and fury of nature and the heroism of those struggling against those forces in works such as those of
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displayed the work during its annual local works exhibition. It gained support during its four-week display and won the
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143:. The Fountain is one of Taft's best known works. It is located in the public South McCormick Memorial Court of the
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391:, the fountain was moved from its south facing position adjacent to the original building that was visible from the
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Greene-Mercier, Marie Zoe (Winter 1982). "The Role of Materials in My Geometric and Abstract Sculpture: A Memoir".
422:, which is regarded as the first comprehensive work on the subject in the title, he was in his day well known for
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caused inaction. While the trustees remained silent, Taft sought wider public support by publishing a picture of
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ordered his 49 daughters to kill their husbands and condemned them to delivering water to a bottomless vessel in
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B. F. Ferguson, Commissioner, name is included on this surface. Bars can be seen limiting access to rear view.
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writers stood behind Taft's fountain using humor against what they described as a "streak of over-accentuated
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of Benjamin Ferguson on the rear panel that has been hidden from view since the fountain was moved.
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was a major career accomplishment for Taft, which propelled him beyond the level of a portraitist.
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1077:. City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Archived from
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intersection once known as "route center" to the south. The fountain was commissioned by the
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430:'s Horticultural Building when he designed several large-scale public works, including
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Sinkevitch, Alice, "AIA Guide to Chicago" (2nd edition), p. 41, 2004, Harcourt Books,
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In Celebration of the 200th Anniversary of the Founding of the Republic
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1017:"13-2 vote for museum - Decision on Grant Park sets up Council battle"
960:"Mayor gets what he wants - Council OKs move 33-16 despite opposition"
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top sculpture award, and along with two other bust works he won the
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276:. In Spring 1902, Taft had assigned his students a work entitled
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673:"Route Center: Jackson and Michigan Boulevards Circa 1907-1923"
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of North America. In the Great Lakes, the waterflow begins in
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The Interior of the Palm House on the Pfaueninsel Near Potsdam
2086:
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Public Sculptor: Lorado Taft and the Beautification of Chicago
1602:
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Although Taft is now better remembered for his books such as
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was almost located at 35th Street and King Drive, where the
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In 1963 with the construction of the new Morton wing of the
330:, New York as a host of the final work. By February 1907,
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laws as it related to public art and this semi-nude work.
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and continues eastward through each lake until it reaches
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261:, while simultaneously refining earlier allegorical.
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2718:
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
699:"Fountain of the Great Lakes, Art Institute (1913)"
2568:Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist
1300:
1279:
1277:
1181:
867:
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3726:
2989:List of painters in the Art Institute of Chicago
2464:Ciphers and Constellations, in Love with a Woman
2355:Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare
1352:
2682:The Sacred Grove, Beloved of the Arts and Muses
1591:Sculpture for DuSable Park, not yet installed (
835:
644:
3765:Relocated buildings and structures in Illinois
1153:Chilvers, Ian and Harold Osborne, ed. (1997).
957:
3308:Light of Truth Ida B. Wells National Monument
3023:
2302:
2102:
1618:
1338:
1043:
1015:Spielman, Fran and Art Golab (May 16, 2008).
2333:The Advance-Guard, or The Military Sacrifice
2316:
1974:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
870:Millennium Park: Creating a Chicago Landmark
1979:Barack Obama election victory speech (2008)
1231:
1229:
3740:Sculptures in the Art Institute of Chicago
3662:Cool Globes: Hot Ideas for a Cooler Planet
3030:
3016:
2906:Ryerson & Burnham Libraries collection
2900:Mosaic Fragment with Man Leading a Giraffe
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542:" that could adversely affect public art.
165:B. F. Ferguson Fountain of the Great Lakes
163:fund and one surface references the title
3685:: †No longer extant or on public display
3037:
1128:"Art Institute Hit for Shift of Statue".
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605:. Great Lakes Commission. Archived from
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2405:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
1319:(before more recent building additions)
1259:
1252:
1250:
1238:
1210:
1208:
874:. University of Chicago Press. p.
800:
798:
796:
775:
557:, Taft claimed an inspiration from the
210:The surrounding garden was designed by
3727:
2711:The Seine at Port-Marly, Piles of Sand
1188:The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
1114:
1112:
1093:
1050:The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
935:
842:The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
722:
720:
675:. David G. Clark. 2004. Archived from
259:School of the Art Institute of Chicago
3011:
2290:
2090:
1606:
1326:
755:
743:
729:
597:
595:
593:
496:juxtaposition of Taft's fountain and
3667:Gold Star Families Memorial and Park
2618:On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt
2010:Historic Michigan Boulevard District
1247:
1217:
1205:
793:
452:
408:National Register of Historic Places
393:Historic Michigan Boulevard District
372:National Register of Historic Places
2704:Santo Domingo el Antiguo Altarpiece
2478:The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan
1184:"Lorado Taft and Chicago Sculpture"
1109:
717:
359:'s south side from 1913–1963.
332:Buffalo Illustrated Times published
264:The fountain is Taft's response to
13:
3790:Sculptures of children in Illinois
3775:Allegorical sculptures in Illinois
2916:Chocolate Jar with Iron-Locked Lid
2755:(1999 painting by Ellen Gallagher)
1760:Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State
1317:Encyclopedia of Chicago 1929 image
1067:
829:
701:. Brainsnack Tours. Archived from
651:Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
590:
549:training that lent itself well to
109:Spirit of the Great Lakes Fountain
14:
3801:
3652:Art Institute of Chicago Building
2969:Art Institute of Chicago Building
2660:Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams
2561:Lunch at the Restaurant Fournaise
1310:
1303:Lorado Taft: Sculptor and Citizen
420:The History of American Sculpture
389:Art Institute of Chicago Building
1735:
1286:. University of Illinois Press.
958:Spielman, Fran (June 12, 2008).
342:
235:
221:
203:
29:
3785:Sculptures of women in Illinois
3780:1913 establishments in Illinois
2921:Randolph Street Gallery archive
2689:Saint George Killing the Dragon
2116:
1705:Field Museum of Natural History
1175:
1146:
1121:
1037:
1008:
980:
951:
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135:at 600 feet (180 m) above
16:Bronze sculpture by Lorado Taft
3322:Looking Into My Dreams, Awilda
3264:Governor Horner State Memorial
2646:Portrait of Amédée de Pastoret
2639:Portrait of a Woman in a Chair
2539:Jesus Insulted by the Soldiers
1632:
691:
665:
638:
621:
284:. By the end of January, The
1:
3760:Bronze sculptures in Illinois
3750:Outdoor sculptures in Chicago
2449:Christ and the Virgin Diptych
2420:Bullfight – Death of the Bull
1680:Grant Park Symphony Orchestra
1271:
866:Gilfoyle, Timothy J. (2006).
817:. Michael & Kate Corcoran
603:"Fountain of the Great Lakes"
579:List of public art in Chicago
182:
80:670 cm (264 in)
3607:Jean Baptiste Point du Sable
3357:Monument with Standing Beast
3296:Large Interior Form, 1953–54
3136:Chicago Rising from the Lake
2838:Large Interior Form, 1953–54
2746:Two Sisters (On the Terrace)
2071:Municipal Grant Park Stadium
1471:Illinois Centennial Monument
1155:The Oxford Dictionary of Art
653:. Chicago Historical Society
492:expressed this point with a
290:Chicago Municipal Art League
7:
3556:Robert Cavelier de La Salle
3244:Fountain of the Great Lakes
3142:Chicago Stock Exchange Arch
2831:Fountain of the Great Lakes
2809:Chicago Stock Exchange Arch
2696:Saint Martin and the Beggar
2653:Portrait of Madame Pastoret
2625:On the Threshold of Liberty
2532:Jacques and Berthe Lipchitz
2471:The Cliff Walk at Pourville
2166:Fountain of the Great Lakes
2153:Statue of George Washington
1851:General John Logan Memorial
1844:Fountain of the Great Lakes
1803:Chicago Stock Exchange Arch
1412:Fountain of the Great Lakes
1301:Taft, Ada Bartlett (1946).
1278:Garvey, Timothy J. (1988).
1182:Garvey, Timothy J. (2005).
572:
555:Fountain of the Great Lakes
459:Fountain of the Great Lakes
447:Fountain of the Great Lakes
442:Fountain of the Great Lakes
404:Fountain of the Great Lakes
353:Fountain of the Great Lakes
326:, which drew interest from
193:Fountain of the Great Lakes
103:Fountain of the Great Lakes
24:Fountain of the Great Lakes
10:
3806:
2867:Table with Pink Tablecloth
2276:Lorado Taft Midway Studios
2187:Thatcher Memorial Fountain
1541:Slabs of the Sunburnt West
1497:Jacques Marquette Memorial
1192:Chicago Historical Society
1054:Chicago Historical Society
988:"The taking of Grant Park"
846:Chicago Historical Society
294:Society of Chicago Artists
242:The rear of the sculpture.
3755:Sculptures by Lorado Taft
3680:
3644:
3283:Joseph Rosenberg Fountain
3045:
2961:
2929:
2892:Other items in collection
2891:
2792:
2611:Old Man with a Gold Chain
2493:The Denial of Saint Peter
2342:(Fred and Marcia Weisman)
2324:
2252:
2229:Frances Elizabeth Willard
2124:
2048:
1987:
1959:Grant Park Music Festival
1931:
1858:Joseph Rosenberg Fountain
1744:
1733:
1640:
1589:
1366:Alexander Hamilton Statue
1361:
440:arts. He hoped that the
318:Spirit of the Great Lakes
278:Spirit of the Great Lakes
84:
76:
66:
58:
48:
44:
28:
23:
2933:Art Institute of Chicago
2860:The Solitude of the Soul
2793:Sculptures in collection
2583:Merahi metua no Tehamana
2318:Art Institute of Chicago
2173:The Solitude of the Soul
1650:Art Institute of Chicago
1396:Defense and Regeneration
996:. Newsbank. June 8, 2008
836:Sokol, David M. (2005).
645:Foust, Jerry L. (2005).
584:
357:Art Institute of Chicago
286:Art Institute of Chicago
145:Art Institute of Chicago
89:Art Institute of Chicago
37:Art Institute of Chicago
3711:41.878778°N 87.623361°W
3370:Mural of Robin Williams
2632:Paris Street; Rainy Day
2495:(Hendrick ter Brugghen)
2485:Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
2325:Paintings in collection
2271:Eagle's Nest Art Colony
2061:Metra Electric District
2056:Burnham Plan of Chicago
1675:Chicago Lakefront Trail
1423:Fountain of the Tritons
1159:Oxford University Press
457:The general opinion of
428:William Le Baron Jenney
3531:Alexander von Humboldt
3302:LGBT veterans monument
2911:Thorne miniature rooms
2676:(Cecco del Caravaggio)
2667:The Races at Longchamp
2180:The Soldiers' Monument
1944:Chicago Blues Festival
1044:Grinnell, Max (2005).
415:
305:Illinois Supreme Court
196:
3745:Fountains in Illinois
3716:41.878778; -87.623361
3525:Heald Square Monument
3336:Man Enters the Cosmos
3101:Big Beaver Totem Pole
3039:Public art in Chicago
2243:Heald Square Monument
1949:Chicago Jazz Festival
1886:Man Enters the Cosmos
1781:Big Beaver Totem Pole
1508:Man Enters the Cosmos
705:on September 30, 2007
551:allegorical sculpture
402:
355:faced south from the
309:Aaron Montgomery Ward
282:Taft's Midway Studios
190:
39:South McCormick Court
3483:Christopher Columbus
3383:Olmec Head, Number 8
2570:(Correggio, Chicago)
2524:Improvisation No. 30
2434:Charing Cross Bridge
2413:Blue and Green Music
2369:The Basket of Apples
1900:Olmec Head, Number 8
1816:Christopher Columbus
1727:Petrillo Music Shell
1660:BP Pedestrian Bridge
1235:Garvey, pp. 149-150.
679:on September 3, 2007
647:"Great Lakes System"
530:Chicago City Council
526:Carter Harrison, Jr.
476:Charles Eugene Banks
410:-listed World War I
270:Columbian Exposition
268:'s complaint at the
35:View facing east in
3707: /
3672:Graffiti in Chicago
3617:William Shakespeare
3565:The Chicago Lincoln
3489:Nicolaus Copernicus
3148:Children's Fountain
3080:America's Courtyard
3053:8th Street Fountain
2456:Christ on the Cross
2362:At the Moulin Rouge
2340:American Collectors
2201:The Recording Angel
1865:Large Interior Form
1798:Bust of Georg Solti
1774:America's Courtyard
1753:8th Street Fountain
1665:Buckingham Fountain
1655:Auditorium Building
1265:Garvey, pp. 174-75.
1244:Garvey, pp. 162-63.
815:"Pictorial Chicago"
790:Garvey, pp. 150-55.
484:Robert Morss Lovett
445:Ferguson bequest.
3770:Statues in Chicago
3632:Emanuel Swedenborg
3612:Friedrich Schiller
3597:Richard J. Oglesby
3546:Tadeusz Kościuszko
3514:Alexander Hamilton
3473:John Peter Altgeld
3210:Eli Bates Fountain
2590:The Millinery Shop
2407:(Giovanni di Paolo
2376:Bathers by a River
2265:Emily Taft Douglas
2208:Lincoln the Lawyer
2133:LaFayette Fountain
2066:Millennium Station
2005:Ida B. Wells Drive
1576:The Waltz of Hands
1305:. Mary Taft Smith.
1134:. March 17, 1963.
1106:Garvey, pp. 18-20.
1075:"Victory Monument"
948:Garvey, pp. 11–12.
752:Garvey, pp. 14–15.
740:Garvey, pp. 12–14.
489:Chicago Daily News
416:
197:
3690:
3689:
3640:
3639:
3572:The Head of State
3499:Benjamin Franklin
3404:A Signal of Peace
3118:Burnham Pavilions
3005:
3004:
2783:The Yellow Christ
2769:White Crucifixion
2604:The Old Guitarist
2503:(Delaunay series)
2427:The Captive Slave
2284:
2283:
2159:Columbus Fountain
2140:Black Hawk Statue
2084:
2083:
2015:Jackson Boulevard
1722:Nichols Bridgeway
1700:Adler Planetarium
1685:Maggie Daley Park
1670:Burnham Pavilions
1600:
1599:
1482:
1446:
1406:Ferguson Building
1354:Benjamin Ferguson
1081:on April 10, 2007
1022:Chicago Sun-Times
965:Chicago Sun-Times
500:in all its fury.
453:Critical response
250:Benjamin Ferguson
191:Taft in front of
161:Benjamin Ferguson
99:
98:
3797:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3657:Boeing Galleries
3592:William McKinley
3560:Abraham Lincoln
3504:Ulysses S. Grant
3461:
3460:
3448:Victory Monument
3251:Fountain of Time
3032:
3025:
3018:
3009:
3008:
2984:Pratapaditya Pal
2946:Chicago Imagists
2776:Woman with a Fan
2546:The Kitchen Maid
2509:Figure with Meat
2442:The Child's Bath
2398:Bedroom in Arles
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2194:Fountain of Time
2111:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2076:South Shore Line
2020:Lake Shore Drive
1969:Taste of Chicago
1954:Chicago Marathon
1739:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1478:
1442:
1434:Fountain of Time
1347:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1306:
1297:
1285:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1157:(New ed.).
1150:
1144:
1143:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
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1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
955:
949:
946:
933:
932:
896:
890:
889:
873:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
811:
805:
802:
791:
788:
773:
772:Garvey, p. 15–17
770:
753:
750:
741:
738:
727:
724:
715:
714:
712:
710:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
642:
636:
625:
619:
618:
616:
614:
609:on July 13, 2007
599:
523:Mayor of Chicago
433:Fountain of Time
412:Victory Monument
377:Victory Monument
368:Chicago Landmark
346:
323:Century Magazine
239:
225:
207:
169:relief sculpture
119:and fountain by
95:, Illinois, U.S.
33:
21:
20:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3735:1913 sculptures
3725:
3724:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3676:
3636:
3622:Philip Sheridan
3478:Jack Brickhouse
3465:
3459:
3418:Spirit of Music
3364:Moose (W-02-03)
3277:Horse and Rider
3270:Green Lightning
3258:Goethe Monument
3216:Eternal Silence
3130:Chicago Picasso
3041:
3036:
3006:
3001:
2974:Goodman Theatre
2957:
2953:Video Data Bank
2932:
2925:
2887:
2882:The Walking Man
2788:
2739:Time Transfixed
2348:American Gothic
2320:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2248:
2147:Eternal Silence
2120:
2115:
2085:
2080:
2044:
2035:Randolph Street
2025:Michigan Avenue
1983:
1927:
1914:Spirit of Music
1740:
1731:
1690:Millennium Park
1643:and attractions
1642:
1636:
1631:
1601:
1596:
1585:
1552:Spirit of Music
1357:
1351:
1313:
1294:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:Garvey, p. 156.
1255:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1223:Garvey, p. 141.
1222:
1218:
1214:Garvey, p. 140.
1213:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1161:. p. 549.
1151:
1147:
1131:Chicago Tribune
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
993:Chicago Tribune
986:
985:
981:
971:
969:
956:
952:
947:
936:
913:10.2307/1574334
897:
893:
886:
864:
860:
850:
848:
834:
830:
820:
818:
813:
812:
808:
804:Garvey, p. 158.
803:
794:
789:
776:
771:
756:
751:
744:
739:
730:
726:Garvey, p. 142.
725:
718:
708:
706:
697:
696:
692:
682:
680:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
643:
639:
626:
622:
612:
610:
601:
600:
591:
587:
575:
559:Greek mythology
535:Chicago Tribune
506:Lillian Russell
455:
363:
362:
361:
360:
349:
348:
347:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
240:
231:
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217:
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208:
185:
157:Michigan Avenue
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
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3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3536:Michael Jordan
3533:
3528:
3521:
3519:Karel HavlĂÄŤek
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3376:Nuclear Energy
3372:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3350:MirĂł's Chicago
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3183:Crown Fountain
3179:
3172:
3169:Crack the Whip
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3120:
3115:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3087:Balbo Monument
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
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3000:
2999:
2991:
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2955:
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2913:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2763:(Monet series)
2757:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2576:Mahana no atua
2572:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2518:(Monet series)
2512:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2436:(Monet series)
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2394:
2387:
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2372:
2365:
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2256:
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2250:
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2239:
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2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2040:Roosevelt Road
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Columbus Drive
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Bike the Drive
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
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1840:
1833:
1826:
1823:Crown Fountain
1819:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1710:Shedd Aquarium
1707:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1682:
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1672:
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1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1638:
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1630:
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1622:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:Martin Puryear
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1560:
1548:
1538:
1530:Nuclear Energy
1526:
1519:Man on a Bench
1516:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1468:
1461:I have a Dream
1458:
1448:
1444:Van Doren Shaw
1430:
1420:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1377:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:External links
1309:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1246:
1237:
1225:
1216:
1204:
1174:
1167:
1145:
1120:
1118:Garvey, p. 37.
1108:
1092:
1066:
1036:
1007:
979:
950:
934:
891:
884:
858:
828:
806:
792:
774:
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742:
728:
716:
690:
664:
637:
620:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
574:
571:
514:Lillie Langtry
472:Hamlin Garland
464:Harriet Monroe
454:
451:
351:
350:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
266:Daniel Burnham
241:
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232:
227:
220:
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209:
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201:
200:
199:
198:
195:figures (1909)
184:
181:
167:. There is a
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81:
78:
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73:
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50:
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34:
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25:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Ryne Sandberg
3600:
3598:
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3593:
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3588:
3585:
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3580:
3576:
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3573:
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3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:Benito Juárez
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
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3436:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3411:Spiral Galaxy
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
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3344:
3343:Man with Fish
3340:
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3333:
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3326:
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3323:
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3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3237:Fountain Girl
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:Flying Dragon
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:
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3199:
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3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
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3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3162:Constellation
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3128:
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3119:
3116:
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3113:
3109:
3105:
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3019:
3014:
3013:
3010:
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2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Helen Gardner
2977:
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2960:
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2931:School of the
2928:
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2823:Flying Dragon
2820:
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2556:
2554:
2553:The Lion Hunt
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3702:87°37′24.1″W
3699:41°52′43.6″N
3692:
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3551:Irv Kupcinet
3523:
3494:Leif Erikson
3452:
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3426:The Republic
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3390:San Marco II
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1988:Area streets
1964:Lollapalooza
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1792:The Spearman
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1565:The Republic
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1385:The Spearman
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1195:. Retrieved
1187:
1177:
1154:
1148:
1129:
1123:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1049:
1046:"Grant Park"
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1020:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
991:
982:
970:. Retrieved
963:
953:
904:
900:
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869:
861:
849:. Retrieved
841:
831:
819:. Retrieved
809:
707:. Retrieved
703:the original
693:
681:. Retrieved
677:the original
667:
655:. Retrieved
650:
640:
623:
611:. Retrieved
607:the original
554:
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494:photomontage
487:
480:Willa Cather
458:
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149:Chicago Loop
141:Lake Ontario
108:
107:
102:
101:
100:
18:
3714: /
3627:Georg Solti
3509:Nathan Hale
2995:Masterpiece
2725:The Dreamer
2555:(Delacroix)
2383:The Bathers
2260:Taft family
2118:Lorado Taft
1995:Balbo Drive
1197:January 23,
851:January 23,
519:Paul Chabas
510:Gibson Girl
274:Great Lakes
129:Great Lakes
121:Lorado Taft
114:allegorical
53:Lorado Taft
3729:Categories
3587:John Logan
3466:sculptures
3435:(RĂĽckriem)
3424:Statue of
3204:Dream Lady
3155:Cloud Gate
3108:The Bowman
2876:(RĂĽckriem)
2853:Solar Bird
2698:(El Greco)
2597:Nighthawks
2458:(Zurbarán)
2267:(daughter)
2222:Alma Mater
2125:Sculptures
1809:Cloud Gate
1788:The Bowman
1745:Public art
1634:Grant Park
1563:Statue of
1381:The Bowman
1356:Fund works
1272:References
1025:. Newsbank
968:. Newsbank
907:(1): 1–6.
547:Beaux-Arts
540:puritanism
468:literature
314:Grant Park
183:Background
176:Grant Park
77:Dimensions
3329:Magdalene
3289:Kwanusila
3094:Batcolumn
3066:The Alarm
2526:(Cannons)
2516:Haystacks
2487:(Picasso)
2385:(CĂ©zanne)
1879:Magdalene
1580:Bourgeois
1455:Bourgeois
1390:Meštrović
1140:182618936
1085:March 18,
929:191380859
545:Taft had
424:portraits
307:rulings.
212:Dan Kiley
147:, in the
137:sea level
117:sculpture
62:1907–1913
3464:Portrait
3441:Untitled
3433:Untitled
3397:Siblings
3223:Flamingo
3197:Cubi VII
3176:Crossing
3073:Allow Me
2874:Untitled
2847:(Kemeys)
2825:(Calder)
2816:Cubi VII
2753:Untitled
1921:Untitled
1830:Cubi VII
1641:Features
1568:, 1918 (
1555:, 1923 (
1543:, 1975 (
1533:, 1967 (
1521:, 1980 (
1511:, 1980 (
1499:, 1926 (
1489:, 1976 (
1473:, 1918 (
1465:Pattison
1463:, 1978 (
1453:, 1996 (
1437:, 1922 (
1425:, 1931 (
1415:, 1913 (
1398:, 1928 (
1388:, 1928 (
1374:Coolidge
1368:, 1918 (
1136:ProQuest
1059:July 28,
1029:July 29,
1000:July 29,
972:July 29,
901:Leonardo
709:June 15,
573:See also
374:-listed
252:'s 1905
112:, is an
85:Location
3645:Related
3579:The Man
3454:We Will
3124:Chevron
2962:Related
2803:(Rodin)
2253:Related
1557:Polasek
1501:MacNeil
1491:Noguchi
1480:Longman
921:1574334
821:June 7,
683:June 7,
657:June 7,
613:June 7,
553:. For
528:to the
512:to the
382:foundry
328:Buffalo
123:. The
93:Chicago
3443:(Wool)
2997:(game)
2941:People
1932:Events
1924:(Wool)
1570:French
1427:Milles
1400:Hering
1290:
1165:
1138:
927:
919:
882:
631:
563:Danaus
125:bronze
71:Bronze
49:Artist
3315:Lions
3059:Agora
3046:Works
2845:Lions
2049:Other
1872:Lions
1767:Agora
1535:Moore
1523:Segal
1513:Moore
1475:Bacon
1370:Pratt
925:S2CID
917:JSTOR
585:Notes
567:Hades
482:, or
106:, or
3110:and
2801:Adam
1790:and
1545:Hunt
1439:Taft
1417:Taft
1383:and
1288:ISBN
1199:2009
1163:ISBN
1087:2009
1061:2008
1031:2008
1002:2008
974:2008
880:ISBN
853:2009
823:2007
711:2007
685:2007
659:2007
629:ISBN
615:2007
370:and
67:Type
59:Year
3683:Key
909:doi
876:346
561:.
320:in
151:.
3731::
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1190:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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