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British. American forces, led by
Lieutenant T. Pierce Simonton, took possession of the fort on November 14, 1828. However, the US military did not occupy the fort. Some of the village houses remained occupied for at least the remainder of the winter, but it is not clear when the site was finally abandoned. At some point, what was likely a natural forest fire destroyed the remainder of the fort.
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haphazardly placed in the area. A "boulevard" ran along northward from the parade ground a good 2,000 feet (610 m), while a military road continued southward of the parade ground to the shore. The section of land east of the boulevard, between the boulevard and the bay, was reserved for gardens, while houses were built on the west side of the boulevard. The boulevard was lined by a row of
301:. The terms of the treaty, however, did not reach the Fort Mackinac garrison until May 15, 1815. The instructions to the fort's commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Robert McDonall, were to vacate Fort Mackinac and re-establish a garrison within British territory but relatively close to Mackinac Island. In particular, it was important that the new site be sufficiently close to the
326:
civilian sections of the "fort". In 1816, McDonall resigned his commission and was replaced by Lt. Col. Maule; in 1817 Maule was replaced by Major Thomas Howard and then by Major James
Winnett. Through this period the military emplacement on Drummond Island remained substantially as it had been at the end of 1815.
314:
to lack of training, the progress was slow. In addition, there was some uncertainty as to whether
Drummond Island was actually a British or American possession, according to the Treaty of Ghent, so the British were somewhat reluctant to put a substantial fortification in place. Eventually, buildings located on
375:
The cemetery was located to the west of the fort, some ways up the ridge rising from the bay. The cemetery was platted at 100 by 150 feet (30 by 46 m), and enclosed by a cedar rail fence. The cemetery likely holds around 300 people, many of the burials dating from the scurvy outbreak in the
383:
As of 2012, the Fort
Drummond site is private property, and the site is only viewable from the water. At least one of the remaining chimneys has been incorporated into a cabin. The Fort Drummond site contains 74 features, most of which are the remains of chimneys and structural platforms. There
325:
There was still some uncertainty as to the final disposition of
Drummond Island, and thus the British government was reluctant to expend much manpower or materiel fortifying Fort Drummond. Some few military structures were erected, but on the whole there was no real boundary between the military and
379:
A lime quarry and kiln is located south of the town; this location was likely used to produce mortar for the chimneys. A saw mill was also located north of the town; this may or may not have been contemporaneous with Fort
Drummond, but evidence of sawn logs in the fort buildings was confirmed. Some
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Some of the forces under McDonall's command were mustered out in the latter part of 1815 and were shipped home, but by the time the transfer to
Drummond Island was complete, the garrison consisted of some 350–400 people. These men were set to work constructing structures on Drummond Island, but due
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By 1828, the United States government demanded that Fort
Drummond be abandoned by the British, and they hurriedly did so, shipping troops and materiel to Penetanguishene. However, due to lack of shipping space, much food and personal belongings such as furniture were left behind by the departing
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region. McDonall considered several sites in the area, and finally settled on a site on the west end of the then-unnamed
Drummond Island. The transfer of stores and men to the new site was slow to accomplish, and it took McDonall's garrison until July 18, 1815, to completely empty Fort Mackinac,
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Winnett was relieved by Major Goff in June 1822. However, in 1822, it was determined that
Drummond Island was actually part of the United States, per the Treaty of Ghent. Still, the British forces were in no hurry to leave Fort Drummond, and Goff was replaced in June 1824 by Lieutenant James J.
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The settlement at Fort Drummond contained military structures as well as private houses. The settlement was centered around a parade ground fronting on the west side of the bay. Military barracks and commissary were located on the west side of the parade ground, and officer's quarters were
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Some of the houses were substantial, and a few were two stories. Other houses were "bark lodges," made of a pole framework covered with cedar. Kitchens for the houses were located some distance away, and much of the cooking and baking was done in a public bakery reserved for that purpose.
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Gaston, who was relieved in June 1827 by Lieutenant Thomas Carson. In the interim, a suitable location for the relocation of the Fort Drummond troops was sought; finally a site in what is now
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of the islands in Whitney Bay were also used by the fort, with the fort surgeon living on one and another used for artillery target practice.
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that the British could continue to exert their considerable influence on the Native American peoples tribes and the fur trade in the upper
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winter of 1815–6 and the smallpox outbreak of 1824. Many of the grave markers are now located in the Drummond Island Museum.
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were purchased, disassembled, and re-assembled in order to provide shelter for the coming winter.
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are also two wells, two wharves, and a cemetery. Faint traces of foundations can still be seen.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Register of Historic Places in Chippewa County, Michigan
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248:. It is the only known military and civilian site established by
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Drummond Island: The Story of the British Occupation, 1815–1828
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in 1969 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956.
561:. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from
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Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
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Whitney Bay, Site of Fort Drummond, c. 1959 photo
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Buildings and structures in Chippewa County, Michigan
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Great Lakes Shoreline Recreation Area Survey (1959).
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Looking out over the parade ground toward the harbor
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
1170:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1628:Michigan State Historic Sites in Chippewa County
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240:, is a military fort located on the west end of
1562:National Register of Historic Places portal
1070:List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan
310:which was then turned over to American forces.
277:Map of Fort Drummond Site; created c. 1896
359:Chimney from Fort Drummond, c. 1959 photo
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759:. Drummond Island Chamber of Commerce
388:Images of Fort Drummond area, c. 1896
859:National Register of Historic Places
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1638:1815 establishments in Upper Canada
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244:on Whitney Bay, in the vicinity of
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1525:National Historic Preservation Act
1006:Parker Road–Charlotte River Bridge
921:Central Methodist Episcopal Church
471:Looking out over the parade ground
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757:"Historical: Whitney Bay Area"
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991:M-28–Tahquamenon River Bridge
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339:, on the southeast corner of
113:Show map of the United States
61:Illustration of Fort Drummond
1643:Military history of Michigan
343:, was tentatively selected.
44:Michigan State Historic Site
16:United States historic place
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1593:Colonial forts in Michigan
1530:Historic Preservation Fund
1509:American Legation, Morocco
1044:National Historic Landmark
926:Chippewa County Courthouse
447:Headstones in the cemetery
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133:W end of Drummond Island,
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181:84.5 acres (34.2 ha)
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1452:Northern Mariana Islands
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459:Harbor serving the fort
399:Remains of the barracks
256:. It was listed on the
1447:Minor Outlying Islands
1430:Lists by insular areas
1144:Keeper of the Register
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1149:National Park Service
1129:Contributing property
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1034:Whitefish Point Light
559:Historic Sites Online
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162:45.97778°N 83.86111°W
1504:District of Columbia
1016:Point Iroquois Light
996:Naomikong Point Site
565:on December 24, 2012
368:trees on each side.
220:Designated MSHS
88:Show map of Michigan
976:John Johnston House
903:Historic properties
814:. R. Smith Printing
303:Straits of Mackinac
167:45.97778; -83.86111
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435:Ruins on the hill
318:belonging to the
316:St. Joseph Island
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223:November 27, 1956
207:Significant dates
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868:
864:
860:
853:
848:
846:
841:
839:
834:
833:
830:
813:
812:
806:
805:
784:
777:
775:
758:
751:
749:
742:, p. 21.
741:
736:
729:
724:
718:, p. 15.
717:
712:
705:
700:
698:
690:
685:
678:
673:
671:
663:
658:
651:
646:
644:
636:
631:
624:
619:
617:
610:, p. 40.
609:
604:
598:, p. 32.
597:
592:
586:, p. 25.
585:
580:
564:
560:
556:
555:"Fort Colyer"
549:
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541:
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295:Fort Mackinac
292:
283:
275:
269:Establishment
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Fort Drummond
222:
218:
214:
212:Added to NRHP
210:
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143:
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100:
75:
65:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
27:Fort Drummond
24:
20:
1376:South Dakota
1366:Rhode Island
1361:Pennsylvania
1341:North Dakota
1062:
1027:
955:
816:. Retrieved
810:
787:. Retrieved
761:. Retrieved
735:
730:, p. 8.
723:
711:
684:
657:
630:
603:
591:
579:
567:. Retrieved
563:the original
558:
519:. Retrieved
508:
382:
378:
374:
370:
362:
345:
341:Georgian Bay
333:
324:
312:
288:
238:Fort Collier
237:
233:
229:
228:
1497:Other areas
1457:Puerto Rico
1291:Mississippi
1206:Connecticut
1028:Valley Camp
966:Gowan Block
916:Birch Lodge
801:Works cited
351:Description
330:Abandonment
307:Great Lakes
254:War of 1812
234:Fort Colyer
165: /
141:Coordinates
1608:Lake Huron
1587:Categories
1406:Washington
1326:New Mexico
1321:New Jersey
1196:California
489:References
153:83°51′40″W
150:45°58′40″N
1416:Wisconsin
1381:Tennessee
1286:Minnesota
1261:Louisiana
1063:See also:
1572:Category
1401:Virginia
1351:Oklahoma
1331:New York
1306:Nebraska
1296:Missouri
1281:Michigan
1271:Maryland
1256:Kentucky
1236:Illinois
1211:Delaware
1201:Colorado
1191:Arkansas
201:69000069
130:Location
1518:Related
1421:Wyoming
1396:Vermont
1301:Montana
1241:Indiana
1221:Georgia
1216:Florida
1186:Arizona
1176:Alabama
941:Elmwood
553:Staff.
264:History
1356:Oregon
1311:Nevada
1251:Kansas
1226:Hawaii
1181:Alaska
1117:Topics
818:May 4,
789:May 4,
763:May 5,
569:May 2,
521:May 4,
366:poplar
1488:Palau
1386:Texas
1266:Maine
1231:Idaho
186:Built
1442:Guam
1391:Utah
1346:Ohio
1246:Iowa
1068:and
820:2012
791:2012
765:2012
740:Cook
728:Cook
716:Cook
704:Cook
689:Cook
677:Cook
662:Cook
650:Cook
635:Cook
623:Cook
608:Cook
596:Cook
584:Cook
571:2012
523:2012
289:The
189:1815
178:Area
1026:SS
861:in
297:on
236:or
196:No.
1589::
773:^
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496:^
1172::
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851:e
844:t
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793:.
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573:.
525:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
