362:. She described how showgirl lifestyles consistently fell into three categories. The first group consisted of married women with a family. For them, being a showgirl was simply a job. They would go home between twice daily performances to tend to their children and were available for the morning routine of getting the kids ready for school. The second group Leo referred to as “Professional Gypsies.” These women loved show business, traveling and entertaining. The final group Leo described as the “Come and Go” set. They tended to be more transient and were attracted to the glamor of Las Vegas, wanted to encounter movie stars, and desired to betroth a wealthy man.
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management's request that showgirls “mix” or mingle with guests after the performance. In fact, former showgirls were generally young when they started performing, and following their Folies
Bergere tenure, many pursued university education, obtained professional employment in various fields, and engaged in long-term relationships.
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Many of the productions and individual scenes had themes based on historical periods. The costumes, sets, and dance styles were researched using museum exhibits along with consultations with experts in garment design and construction techniques. The period apparel was then interpreted and modified to
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Showgirls were typically 5’10"-6’2”(178-188 cm) tall, donned 2-4 inch (5-10 cm)high heeled shoes, headdresses nearing 4 feet (120 cm) tall, and backpacks that supported the tropical plumage display up to a 10-foot (3 m) wingspan weighing upwards of 65 pounds (30 kilo). Showgirls needed
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The theater changed direction during World War I, when there was a new focus on the (frontal) nude female. Michel
Gyarmathy, a pre-war Hungarian refugee, became artistic director of the most celebrated Folies Bergere in Paris. "Monsieur Michel," as he was known to his staff, designed the production,
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in 1978 created competition for the Las Vegas casinos. By the 1990s, Las Vegas was experiencing an economic downturn. In an effort to attract more visitors, Las Vegas promoted itself as family-friendly. The Las Vegas campaign targeted the family demographic supported by attractions such as the live
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The
Tropicana and its parent company filed for bankruptcy during the global financial crisis of 2008. Tropicana was purchased and reorganized under new ownership in 2009, leaving no financial resources to subsidize Folies Bergere and subsequently issue termination notices. On March 28, 2009, cast,
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During this period, ties were cut with Folies
Bergere of Paris. Jerry Jackson was promoted to Head Director and Choreographer. The show permanently relocated from the Fountain Theatre to the new Tiffany Theatre within the Tropicana. The revamped version was titled “Le Music Hall”. The period theme
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The Folies
Bergere was staged at the Hotel Tropicana’s Fountain Theatre from 1959 to 1975. Featuring pink architectural accents, furniture, and stage curtains, the venue was nicknamed “the pink room.” Raised stage platforms and stairs offered the audience an intimate experience. The open orchestra
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Initially, the costumes were crafted in Paris for importing to Las Vegas. According to US customs laws, after three years, a duty payment of half the value was due if the items were retained. Another option was to return the costumes to Paris. The chosen alternative was to burn the costumes in the
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involving dozens of sets and more than 1,000 costumes from
Parisian couturiers. Gyarmathy recruited female talent to perform in the company along with the acrobats, magicians, singers, tightrope walkers, circus animals, and other cabaret acts that provided variation to the nude main attraction.
385:
Jerry
Jackson, Folies Bergere director, donated costume sketches, original music compositions, newspaper clippings, photographs and other memorabilia to the UNLV Special Collections that are cited in this article and are available for public viewing on request. Jackson also contributed several
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The other remaining vintage showgirl presentation with feathered costumes and comedy is BurlesQ: The
Classic Vegas Showgirl Show. Presented at the Alexis Park Resort, the revue is directed and produced by Cari Byers utilizing her experience as a showgirl with Folies Bergere from 1998 to 2009.
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management involvement. Considering Agosto's criminal past, he would not otherwise be licensable as a casino employee. It would later be discovered that Agosto was siphoning Folies
Bergere and casino profits. Due to the association with Agosto, Briggs was forced to sell the Tropicana Hotel to
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Ordinarily, a show business career does not offer consistent employment. However, Folies
Bergere's longevity offered some stability for cast and staff. Notwithstanding, the cast was subject to regular auditions twice annually, so their positions were not guaranteed. Also, showgirl employment
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The Tropicana produced the extravaganza, Folies Bergere, in an age when casinos invested in unprofitable shows to attract tourists and encourage gambling on their gaming floor. Over the years, as corporations took over ownership of casinos and resorts, everything from entertainment, lodging,
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fortune, bought a majority stake in the Tropicana in 1975. At the outset, she was not aware of the uncollectable debt associated with gambling credits. Mob figure Joseph Agosto, owning the rights to Folies Bergere, took advantage of her misfortune by proffering her mob loans in exchange for
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Showgirls had a reputation for lacking intelligence, acting immorally, and not being interested in the more traditional long term goals of more stable careers and/or marriage. However, this perception may not have always been true, and in fact this persona was likely perpetuated by the show
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The prominence of showgirls established their role as one of the most recognizable icons of Las Vegas. In their best years, showgirls acted as Las Vegas ambassadors appearing at openings, store and event promotions, in printed advertisements, and alongside Mayor (and former mob attorney)
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Bally’s Corporation purchased the Tropicana buildings, and subsequently negotiated an agreement with Oakland Athletics baseball organization to build a stadium complex on the current Tropicana site. With the eventual demolition of the Tropicana, Las Vegas will offer its final goodbyes.
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restaurants, and even parking had become independent cost centers that were expected to be self-funded. The over-the-top, expensive showgirl revues had become a historical phenomena, viewable in museum exhibits, and kept alive in the hearts and memories of longtime Las Vegas visitors.
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The Folies Bergere was subject to labor action in 1989 as the orchestra's union elected to strike after unsuccessful contract negotiations. Once the live music had stopped, the musicians were replaced with a recorded soundtrack, vacating the orchestra pit from that point forward.
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Maitre’ds were prepared to show guests to their seats, locating them partially based on the size of the gratuity. Guests frequently wore more formal dress - suits for men and evening dresses for women (with bouffant-styled hair in the 1970s). Hotel flower girls and
280:, chorus line dancers, elaborate stage sets, with interludes of comedy, magic, acrobats, and animal acts. The main components of the show incorporated ornate costumes with immense headpieces adorned with exotic bird feathers and expertly crafted
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At 50 feet (15 m) high, Las Vegas’ tallest showgirl installation greets visitors as they enter the south end of Las Vegas city gateway (Contrary to popular belief, most of the Las Vegas strip is technically located in the municipality of
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The Folies Bergere spectacular was a cause célèbre depicting frontal nudity and provocative dance moves. It is claimed to have had an annual attendance of over 600,000 guests at the height of its popularity. Entertainment director
1459:"COLUMN ONE : Las Vegas Gambles on Families : Campaign to lure parents and children brings big crowds--and backlash. Holdout casinos decry the image change. Even backers concede that poor planning has caused some gaffes"
656:
Vegas! The Show celebrates glamorous showgirls, broadway-style singers, dancers and a live big band. Written by show producer and Saxe theater owner David Saxe, whose Folies Bergere showgirl mother brought him backstage.
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covenants stipulated that they maintain their hiring body weight, have no tan lines and no tattoos. Violations to the excess poundage clause were subject to written warnings in the form of a “Personal Appearance Notice.”
579:,” was one of the last in-house productions, in which cast and crew were direct employees of the casino. Most casinos now outsource with third party producers who foot production expenses and compensate team members.
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resides the “Folies in Flight” art installation. Terry Ritter, former Las Vegas show entertainer turned artist immortalized showgirls in this mural honoring and celebrating their accomplishments and grandeur.
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Gyarmathy was personally involved in replicating the show for the Tropicana in Las Vegas. Although the show was portrayed as “Direct from Paris,” half of the showgirls were American due to union agreements.
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pit would prove to be so precarious for the performers that, eventually, a preventative net was installed to catch the cast when one of them inadvertently stepped off the stage, slipping into the pit.
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to have both a dancer's gracefulness and athlete's strength as they showcased their poise by descending the grand staircases and circumnavigating the stage effortlessly with an alluring smile.
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of Paris originated in 1869 as a cabaret music hall. The institution is still in business, and remains a strong symbol of French and Parisian life. It is most notably captured in the painting “
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In the early 1970s, the Tropicana did not effectively compete with the bigger hotels in Las Vegas. The property had changed hands a few times before Mitzi Stauffer Briggs, heir to the
284:, expansive and elaborate scenery, original music performed by live orchestras, and imaginative interpretations of historic periods with the respective dance styles of the era.
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at public appearances. To this day, showgirls define present-day Las Vegas and their influence can be seen in public artwork, marketing campaigns, and sidewalk impressionists.
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Paul Derval was a movie actor and theater manager of Folies Bergere of Paris. He was attributed to founding both the Paris and Las Vegas productions of Les Folies Bergere.
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costumes to the Nevada State Museum. Museum exhibitions have offered a peek behind the velvet curtain presenting costumes, archival photographs, and design renderings.
464:. One time it jumped into the musician's pit. The musicians all went diving for cover. And Siegfried said to the piano player, 'Keep playing -- he likes the music.’”
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J. Kell Housells gained a majority share in the Tropicana in 1959. As owner, one of his first key initiatives was to bring the Folies Bergere to the Tropicana.
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Many buskers mimic showgirl feather and sequin attire, posing for pictures with tourists for gratuities, or distributing pamphlets for time-share promotions.
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recorded an episode Viva Las Vegas. The plot had Anthony attending the Folies Bergere and falling for the lead singer, Etienne Toussaint. Aired Nov 6, 1992.
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in December 1979. "The Folies Bergere is really a symbol of the connection between the mob and the Tropicana, via the Folies Bergere," sums up Karan Feder.
501:. Some dancers remembered the Rolls Royce as being an occupational hazard as it leaked oil, causing the floor surface to be tenuous for dance routines.
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2011:
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was an American dancer and choreographer, principally remembered as Fred Astaire's choreographic collaborator in the acclaimed 1930s movie musicals.
2001:
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Michel Gyarmathy became scene and costume designer, art director, manager of and designer of the Folies Bergere of Paris and Las Vegas.
1647:"I'm a Las Vegas showgirl who dances on the Strip. I have to deal with rude customers and harsh weather, but the money can be amazing"
563:
The paucity of ongoing investment was a major factor in longer times between show revisions and less extravagance in the show itself.
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showgirl revue's expansive costume application of the cut glass. The show had ordered all the available rhinestones produced by
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took the remaining girls to Las Vegas to party, Paris Hilton style. Later, the girls competed in a Folies Bergere stage show.
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Scott Roeben, a Las Vegas provocateur and pundit, coined this phrase to describe the multiple show failings at the Tropicana.
445:. Hotel guests came to hobnob with the stars and the Folies' showgirls who would "dress up'' the lounge after performances.
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line dance is considered to have made Folies Bergere Paris world renown and was freely adapted for the American audience.
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Albie Berk, Doug Walters, Greg Bosler, Billie Reddie, Jeffrey Silverman, Don Hanna, Billy Tragresser & George Wilkins
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Mary Leo, showgirl and line captain for Folies Bergere, shared her experiences during an oral history interview for the
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534:. The Tropicana was one of the hotels that did not participate in that promotion, choosing “rollers over strollers.”
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433:"The Trop," as it was affectionately known, was considered the "Tiffany of the Strip," drawing in celebrities like
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1317:"'Folies' flashbacks: Former stars, crew revisit past as show prepares for future - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper"
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814:"Rhinestones in the Desert: The Rise and Fall of the Las Vegas Showgirl and the Productions That Shaped Her"
2021:
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is credited as the individual responsible for securing the rights from Paris for the Tropicana. The Paris
2016:
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zipline attraction is flanked by oversized, replica showgirls on either side of its zipline apparatus on
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roamed the aisles plying their wares. Photographers were on hand and ready to commemorate the occasion.
389:
As a side note, there was a world-wide rhinestone shortage that was supposedly precipitated by the 1981
449:
desert under the watchful eyes of the federal officials. Those were sad days for Folies Bergere staff.
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was a master at the art of plate spinning, appeared on American television variety and talent shows.
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28:
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292:
906:
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856:"Folies-Bergere Performances Often Shocked But Always Delighted Nineteenth-Century Audiences"
717:
531:
681:, includes a scene filmed in the Tropicana's Fountain Theatre with the Folies Bergere cast.
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There was a desire for something new as showgirl revues appeared dated and old-fashioned.
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were a German-American entertainment duo, best known for their appearances with albino “
2006:
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Gus Augspurg & His Girl Friends - Comedy with baboons, seen on American television.
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utilized elaborate sets, exquisite wardrobes, and an ageless symbol of luxury, a 1930s
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1116:"Frozen in time: 'Folies' costumes acquired by Nevada State Museum - Las Vegas Weekly"
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Proposed reasons for the decline of Folies Bergere and showgirl revues in general:
530:, and high-powered water cannons choreographed to match accompanying music at the
328:
1812:
685:
434:
1597:"Glamour, gangsters and million-dollar ceilings: The Trop's legacy in Las Vegas"
338:
907:"The Showgirl | Vegas Seven Magazine | Feb. 11-17, 2016 by Vegas Seven - Issuu"
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Stripclubs and other topless entertainment became ubiquitous in Las Vegas.
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442:
423:
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Las Vegas Folies Bergere showgirls at the Tropicana Hotel from matchbook.
1833:
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1515:"'Les Folies Bergere' to end run at Tropicana - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper"
1971:
1947:
1923:
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The Mecners - Acrobats, presented on American television variety shows.
707:
519:
281:
1719:"YESCO Installs Two Brand New 50-Foot Showgirls for City of Las Vegas"
1189:"Les Folies Bergere: Entertaining Las Vegas One Rhinestone at a Time"
641:
394:
255:
369:
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1165:"The Folies Bergere in Las Vegas – Nevada State Museum | Las Vegas"
1007:"Mary Leo oral history interview | UNLV Special Collections Portal"
576:
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1484:"Las Vegas, Las Vegas Strip Guests Asked to Keep the Kids at Home"
613:
Today, showgirls are a living cultural symbol of Las Vegas' past.
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1084:
727:
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427:
1876:"Paul Derval of Paris Dies at 85; Ran Folies Bergere Since 1918"
736:
is an American stage magician performing primarily in Las Vegas.
1433:"Former 'Folies Bergere' cast members recall show's glory days"
745:
was a costume designer for 1975 Edition and Emmy Award nominee.
490:
1273:"'Les Folies Bergere,' 50 years ago - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper"
1081:
784:"The Iconic Las Vegas Tropicana Is Going Out with a Bang Soon"
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of Paris’ successful formula of featuring topless, statuesque
1540:""Imaginarium" Falls Victim to Tropicana Curse, Set to Close"
288:
262:
1764:
460:'s first job in Vegas at the Folies Bergere: “They had this
1384:"Video Vault | Tropicana's Folies Bergere and the mob skim"
1351:"Joseph Agosto, 61, a Witness In Underworld Gambling Case"
818:
UNLV University Libraries, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
167:
Soozi Childers, Tim Shaw; Tango: Miriam LaRici, Hugo Patyn
1835:"Designing Women" Viva Las Vegas (TV Episode 1992) - IMDb
1740:"SlotZilla Zipline Ride Downtown Gets Its First Showgirl"
1408:"Putting a Top on an Iconic Topless Review// (Las Vegas)"
585:
A number of shows were available, including five popular
932:"Showgirl shares tales from her time with Oscar Goodman"
748:
The Halassys - Teeterboard Family Act, performed on the
573:
Transition from hotel sponsorship to external financing.
272:
hosted the progeny production by emulating the original
265:
including French creative leadership and cast members.
92:
Produced for the Tropicana & Entertainment Director
1032:"Showgirls Return to the Spotlight for History's Sake"
1064:"13 Things You Didn't Know About Las Vegas Showgirls"
541:
261:
The Folies Bergere revue was imported directly from
832:"The Showgirl: A Las Vegas Story – Nevada Magazine"
694:television show, Season 1, Episode 6, Vegas, Baby!
100:Entertainment Manager & Production Coordinator
1559:"History behind the Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas"
1993:
1793:The Modern Showrooms at Alexis Park Resort Hotel
127:Jerry Jackson, Charles Lisanby & Bill Morris
1622:"When Did Showgirls Go out of Fashion and Why?"
985:. Arcadia Publishing Inc. pp. 26, 27, 52.
547:crew, and staff took their final curtain call.
1141:"Folies Bergere Collection - Las Vegas Weekly"
287:The spectacular combined the sexy mystique of
1239:"Remembering Gaming Pioneer J.K. Houssels Jr"
957:"A's ballpark plans spark Tropicana memories"
716:Vassili Sulich was a ballet master; started
414:Folies Bergere Tropicana Las Vegas matchbook
244:Janu Tornell, Stephanie Shaw, Lori Marshburn
1581:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1214:"Showgirls! Glitz! It's (still) 'Jubilee!'"
781:
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342:Tropicana marquee featuring Folies Bergere
220:A & D Scenery and Copper Creek Studios
27:
1695:"Art at Harry Reid International Airport"
1270:
295:, and the cosmopolitan sophistication of
2012:Production shows in the Las Vegas Valley
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456:, a Folies Bergere magician, concerning
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2002:Theater districts in the United States
1994:
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1298:"Folies Bergere To Close In Las Vegas"
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159:Jerry Jackson, Ron Simone, Greg Bosler
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1296:MERAJI, SHEREEN (February 23, 2009).
1029:
980:
518:, the hourly volcano eruption at the
2027:Organized crime in the United States
1030:Brown, Patricia Leigh (2007-07-03).
877:
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619:
16:Las Vegas showgirl revue (1959–2009)
84:Created, Directed, Choreographed By
13:
1644:
1348:
14:
2043:
1482:O'Neil, Kirk (October 12, 2022).
1457:Hiltzik, Michael a (1994-09-23).
981:Feder, Karan (11 December 2017).
872:
812:Palm, Diane Marie (May 1, 2016).
800:
720:(NBT), a regional ballet company.
567:Topless became less of a novelty.
542:The Rhinestones Lost Their Luster
452:Another anecdote was imparted by
327:” by French Impressionist artist
1762:
1092:"The Showgirl: A Las Vegas Icon"
626:Harry Reid International Airport
509:The legalization of gambling in
504:
254:was the longest running show in
225:Costume Assistant to Mr. Jackson
1964:
1940:
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1538:Roeben, Scott (July 24, 2018).
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1271:Greenspun, Brian (2009-03-28).
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983:The Folies Bergere in Las Vegas
782:Kachelriess, Rob (2023-10-03).
1315:Schorr, Melissa (1997-04-04).
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356:University of Nevada Las Vegas
140:Original Music & Lyrics By
33:Folies Bergere matchbook cover
1:
1671:"Folies in Flight - CODAworx"
768:
575:"Folies" along with Bally's "
314:
50:Permanent In-house production
1900:"Rhinestones & Feathers"
1814:Viva Las Vegas (1964) - IMDb
1738:Roeben, Scott (2013-09-06).
1557:Staff, News 3 (2023-05-15).
883:"Michel Gyarmathy Interview"
397:for their outfits and sets.
7:
1513:Green, Steve (2009-01-15).
514:pirate ship performance at
382:allow for dance movements.
325:A Bar at the Folies Bergère
10:
2048:
1382:Hawley, Tom (2016-01-20).
400:
291:, the glamor and glitz of
1856:Paris Hilton's My New BFF
692:Paris Hilton's My New BFF
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511:Atlantic City, New Jersey
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1601:Las Vegas Review-Journal
1437:Las Vegas Review-Journal
1169:www.lasvegasnvmuseum.org
1011:special.library.unlv.edu
961:Las Vegas Review-Journal
936:Las Vegas Review-Journal
188:Head Electric Technician
164:Assistant Choreographers
648:in downtown Las Vegas.
624:Located at Las Vegas's
583:Faced with competition.
480:Tropicana in Transition
250:Lasting almost 50 years
1193:thelibrarydistrict.org
684:The television series
415:
374:
343:
718:Nevada Ballet Theatre
652:Las Vegas Productions
561:Lack of reinvestment.
532:Fountains of Bellagio
413:
372:
341:
180:Head Sound Technician
1699:harryreidairport.com
406:The Paris Connection
252:, Les Folies Bergere
196:Head Prop Technician
2022:Tropicana Las Vegas
1339:(Feder 2017, 14-15)
724:Siegfried & Roy
665:Film and television
600:Tropicana Goes Dark
589:shows at that time.
555:Lack of innovation.
524:Shark Reef Aquarium
360:Special Collections
270:Tropicana Las Vegas
233:Wardrobe Supervisor
199:Nicolienne Francois
124:Scenery Designed By
74:Tropicana Las Vegas
2017:1959-related lists
1880:The New York Times
1763:SHOW, VEGAS! THE.
1355:The New York Times
1145:lasvegasweekly.com
1120:lasvegasweekly.com
1036:The New York Times
913:. 10 February 2016
836:nevadamagazine.com
416:
375:
344:
236:Diane Bertolaccini
217:Scenic Fabrication
22:Les Folies Bergere
1765:"VEGAS! THE SHOW"
1645:Pappas, Costa B.
1626:Las Vegas Advisor
1463:Los Angeles Times
1349:Ap (1983-09-01).
1218:Los Angeles Times
1195:. 10 January 2019
860:Racing Nellie Bly
702:Notable Personnel
620:Art Installations
486:Stauffer Chemical
458:Siegfried and Roy
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204:Other information
156:Musical Arrangers
132:Lighting Designer
58:December 24, 1959
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79:Creative team
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42:Musical revue
41:
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1979:. Retrieved
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1603:. 2023-06-02
1600:
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1439:. 2016-06-13
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1414:. 2009-03-19
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1220:. 2009-07-04
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1122:. 2015-02-09
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743:Nolan Miller
734:Lance Burton
696:Paris Hilton
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1744:Vital Vegas
1544:Vital Vegas
1070:. July 2015
756:Erich Brenn
679:Ann-Margret
673:, starring
499:Rolls Royce
491:Ramada Inns
443:Dean Martin
424:Lou Walters
282:rhinestones
209:Head Flyman
191:Robert Pick
175:Phil Jaynes
135:Robert Pick
1996:Categories
1981:2023-03-06
1957:2023-03-06
1933:2023-03-06
1909:2023-03-12
1885:2023-03-06
1862:2023-03-06
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841:2023-03-23
793:2024-01-30
769:References
708:Hermes Pan
319:The first
315:Background
63:Final show
2007:Showgirls
1789:"BurlesQ"
1488:TheStreet
1363:0362-4331
1096:Vegas PBS
1068:Thrillist
1044:0362-4331
911:issuu.com
788:Thrillist
642:SlotZilla
395:Swarovski
293:Hollywood
278:showgirls
258:history.
256:Las Vegas
95:Ari Levin
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1577:cite web
1243:GGB News
728:big cats
635:Paradise
577:Jubilee!
391:Jubilee!
71:Location
462:cheetah
428:Can-Can
401:History
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887:Filthy
609:Legacy
522:, the
520:Mirage
289:Paris
263:Paris
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1976:IMDb
1952:IMDb
1928:IMDb
1583:link
1563:KSNV
1388:KSNV
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