115:
280:
218:
This canal—11 miles without locks into the centre of
Glasgow—was an ideal situation for this venture. Once the boat was planing, the wash that damaged the canal banks largely disappeared, and by 1835, flat iron boats up to 65 feet made 323,290 passenger trips at 10 mph in a year. Services were
27:
in an auxiliary role because of their agility. These vessels could displace between 70 and 200 tons, and were used in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The name was subsequently applied to a number of disparate vessels which achieved high speeds or endurance. At the beginning of the 17th
317:
was finer and more streamlined than other narrowboats, limiting cargo capacity but increasing top speed. Being operated by the canal owners, these express services had priority over all other traffic when encountering congestion such as at
149:), then flat coastal cargo ships up to 1200 tons. At the same time, the term flyboat was used for a swift fishing vessel on the Atlantic. In the 19th century, the term was used in England for canal boats, resembling small Dutch cromsters.
307:
305:
to keep progress as fast as possible. They became common around 1834 and later attempted to emulate the railways by running to timetables so that deliveries could be assured. Some of these boats were operated by
207:
in 1830. One of its employees, William
Houston, was guiding an empty horse-drawn boat when the horse took fright and bolted. Expecting the horse soon to tire, he hung on, but was amazed when the boat
211:
and shot off along the canal at high speed. Mr
Houston was canny enough to realise the potential, and soon travellers were being hauled along the canals at high speed in an early example of
271:
High-speed running of this kind is no longer permitted on UK canals, with a blanket speed limit of four miles per hour in the modern, leisure-dominated era.
23:(also spelled fly-boat or fly boat) was a European light vessel of Dutch origin developed primarily as a mercantile cargo carrier, although many served as
265:
820:
462:
580:
92:
246:. They hoped that steamboats running on the canals would be able to attain these high speeds, thus fighting off the threat of the railways.
2121:
261:, demonstrated that the phenomenon could only be achieved in very shallow canals, and that steamboats needed very different conditions.
114:
223:
flyboats with single horse-pulled, 22-ton loads at 10 mph as late as 1847. They were also called "swift boats" or "gig boats".
75:
and had two or at most three masts, a high board, and a dozen iron cannons. Small, inexpensive, and manoeuvrable, it was ideal for
264:
Flyboats pulled by one or more horses continued to be used in
Britain and Ireland for a number of years, and even in America, but
813:
789:
204:
806:
392:
227:
137:
type, although flyboats continued to be adapted in wartime for naval use until the 1670s. However, civilian Dutch
357:
2003:
2019:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
170:
in the 12th century. They were similar to Viking longship design and were created for fast movement and
533:
254:
231:
326:
and other valuable produce paid a premium for the fast delivery, which survived until the outbreak of
129:
In the early 17th century, the warship type became obsolete by the invention by the
Dunkirkers of the
2111:
1350:
471:
301:
system without mooring. All-male professional crews, chosen for their skill and experience, slept in
663:
2156:
2054:
1713:
122:
319:
208:
1317:
334:
235:
220:
1912:
751:
610:
2151:
1522:
1416:
230:, this development sparked enormous interest in the canal world. Books were published by Sir
431:
2069:
167:
64:
8:
2146:
2116:
2090:
2024:
1662:
1492:
537:
381:
Unger, Richard W. (1973), "Dutch Ship Design in the
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries",
1750:
1703:
1147:
1092:
718:
572:
314:
250:
1927:
1698:
1621:
785:
722:
710:
407:
388:
279:
914:
798:
274:
1718:
1667:
1591:
1576:
988:
889:
858:
853:
700:
171:
100:
41:
1998:
1978:
1973:
1861:
1791:
1431:
1275:
1217:
1192:
1117:
779:
661:
554:
382:
341:, survives in preservation today and is used for historical trips and education.
243:
556:
Canal navigation: on the resistance of water to the passage of boats upon canals
2044:
1942:
1922:
1771:
1370:
1292:
1235:
1003:
993:
884:
239:
238:. The latter records experiments on the Paddington Canal in London attended by
212:
104:
68:
705:
688:
2105:
1947:
1932:
1871:
1851:
1740:
1561:
1551:
1497:
983:
714:
2039:
1917:
1876:
1826:
1730:
1672:
1632:
1477:
1457:
1204:
1177:
950:
924:
302:
141:
continued to be built and evolved during the 18th century into much larger
76:
2059:
2034:
1952:
1846:
1801:
1796:
1745:
1677:
1637:
1581:
1365:
1355:
1340:
1297:
1287:
1270:
1255:
1142:
1122:
1018:
963:
879:
848:
327:
183:
60:
781:
Lionheart and
Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest
59:. Armed flyboats were used by the naval forces of the Dutch rebels, the
47:, a boat with a shallow enough draught to be able to navigate a shallow
1937:
1886:
1755:
1682:
1652:
1502:
1441:
1436:
1380:
1345:
1307:
1182:
1132:
973:
939:
934:
899:
863:
291:
175:
88:
80:
1806:
1993:
1988:
1821:
1735:
1725:
1657:
1517:
1245:
1102:
1067:
1033:
79:
activities in the
European coastal waters, and was soon imitated by
1866:
1856:
1642:
1627:
1612:
1607:
1556:
1472:
1390:
1375:
1325:
1225:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1008:
919:
904:
894:
258:
142:
1042:
310:, as a method of providing services into rival railway territory.
162:
What might be seen as a prototype of the flyboat was the fleet of
1881:
1831:
1811:
1708:
1617:
1586:
1566:
1512:
1507:
1467:
1421:
1411:
1335:
1265:
1152:
1107:
1097:
1077:
1062:
1047:
978:
834:
830:
295:
275:
Canal carrying-company flyboats: long-distance overnight services
134:
130:
108:
96:
72:
52:
24:
99:
by a fleet of 30 Dutch flyboats commanded by
Lieutenant Admiral
2074:
2049:
1907:
1841:
1836:
1647:
1571:
1462:
1426:
1385:
1330:
1280:
1260:
1250:
1112:
1082:
1052:
958:
929:
909:
687:
Bogart, Dan; Lefors, Michael; Satchell, A. E. M. (2019-01-01).
323:
163:
91:, at first extensively employed flyboats. In 1588, the army of
84:
689:"Canal carriers and creative destruction in English transport"
2029:
1983:
1957:
1816:
1535:
1487:
1395:
1360:
1302:
1230:
1187:
1127:
1057:
1013:
998:
298:
187:
179:
29:
539:
Remarks on Canal
Navigation illustrative of the use of steam
2064:
1891:
1240:
1137:
1087:
1072:
1023:
968:
56:
253:, for which he eventually received the gold medal of the
87:
of other nations. The Dutch navy, and their enemies, the
669:. Shropshire Union Fly-boat Restoration Society Limited
662:
Shropshire Union Fly-boat Restoration Society Limited.
444:
442:
738:
The Illustrated History of Canal and River Navigations
125:; Vlieboot (Flyboat) on the left, Galleon on the right
828:
686:
439:
752:"Fly-boats - 'the finest narrow boats ever built'"
599:, Appletree Press, Belfast, pp. 137–9, 145–7
32:, which in England was also known as a fly-boat.
2103:
294:which works all day and all night (24/7) on the
735:
520:
387:, University of California Press, p. 405,
249:A series of experiments conducted by the young
581:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
219:established on the Forth and Clyde and on the
67:, and comprised the Dutch contribution to the
814:
203:An "express boat" service was started on the
494:
542:. Longman, Rees, Orme , Brown & Green,
821:
807:
740:, Landmark Publishing, pp. 228, 248–9
226:Occurring a year after the opening of the
704:
509:
460:
152:
552:
532:
278:
266:ultimately the railway proved the winner
113:
594:
570:
157:
2104:
777:
464:A Brief History of Express Canal Boats
448:
433:Watergeuzen zijn uitstekende schutters
802:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
638:, George Allen and Unwin, p. 145
380:
16:European light vessel of Dutch origin
633:
205:Glasgow, Paisley and Ardrossan Canal
40:The name "flyboat" is derived from
28:century, they were replaced by the
13:
2122:Ship designs of the Dutch Republic
771:
642:
303:different watches at night and day
198:
103:, preventing him from joining the
14:
2168:
322:. Time-sensitive cargoes such as
193:
736:Paget-Tomlinson, Edward (2008),
693:Explorations in Economic History
553:Macneill, John Benjamin (1833),
228:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
744:
729:
680:
636:The Inland Waterways of England
627:
603:
588:
564:
546:
526:
514:
503:
488:
454:
424:
400:
374:
350:
1:
573:"Researches in Hydrodynamics"
344:
71:. The type resembled a small
2020:Bristol Channel pilot cutter
571:Russell, John Scott (1837),
7:
333:One 1906 fly-boat from the
186:and other points along the
10:
2173:
597:Ireland's Inland Waterways
286:, a restored 1906 fly-boat
257:and initiated research in
255:Royal Society of Edinburgh
232:William Armstrong Fairburn
174:, and were stationed from
63:, in the beginning of the
2083:
2012:
1966:
1900:
1784:
1764:
1691:
1600:
1544:
1450:
1404:
1316:
1216:
1201:
1032:
948:
872:
841:
706:10.1016/j.eeh.2018.08.005
559:, Roake and Varty, London
209:rose up onto its bow wave
119:The Harbour in Amsterdam
35:
1714:Iron-hulled sailing ship
756:www.saturnflyboat.org.uk
461:Hazelwood, Dick (2005),
315:design of the hull lines
123:Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom
1523:Square-rigged caravel (
584:(printed 1840 ed.)
495:Gladwin; White (1980),
412:www.merriam-webster.com
408:"Definition of FLYBOAT"
166:that were developed by
778:McLynn, Frank (2012).
595:Delaney, Ruth (2004),
335:Shropshire Union Canal
287:
236:John Benjamin Macneill
221:Shropshire Union Canal
153:Other types of flyboat
126:
2055:Pinnace (ship's boat)
1417:Chinese treasure ship
634:Rolt, L.T.C. (1950),
290:A fly-boat is also a
282:
168:Richard the Lionheart
117:
2070:Thames sailing barge
1901:Recreational vessels
664:"Fly-boat Factsheet"
521:Paget-Tomlinson 2008
158:12th-century galleys
2091:Nautical operations
2025:Floating restaurant
1913:Ljungström sailboat
1493:Full-rigged pinnace
2142:19th-century ships
2137:18th-century ships
2132:17th-century ships
2127:16th-century ships
1208:and other vessels
1202:Naval and merchant
288:
251:John Scott Russell
127:
2099:
2098:
1928:Sailing hydrofoil
1780:
1779:
1699:Blackwall frigate
1622:Baltimore Clipper
791:978-1-4464-4925-7
534:Fairburn, William
308:railway companies
93:Alexander Farnese
65:Eighty Years' War
2164:
2112:Dutch inventions
1668:Ship of the line
1592:Ship of the line
1214:
1213:
1210:(by origin date)
989:Full-rigged ship
890:Fore-and-aft rig
859:Age of Discovery
854:Maritime history
823:
816:
809:
800:
799:
795:
784:. Random House.
766:
765:
763:
762:
748:
742:
741:
733:
727:
726:
708:
684:
678:
677:
675:
674:
668:
659:
640:
639:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
607:
601:
600:
592:
586:
585:
577:
568:
562:
560:
550:
544:
543:
530:
524:
518:
512:
507:
501:
500:
492:
486:
485:
484:
482:
476:
470:, archived from
469:
458:
452:
446:
437:
436:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
404:
398:
397:
378:
372:
371:
369:
368:
362:Oxford Reference
354:
172:riverine warfare
101:Justin of Nassau
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2157:Privateer ships
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2079:
2008:
1962:
1896:
1785:Fishing vessels
1776:
1760:
1687:
1596:
1540:
1446:
1400:
1312:
1276:Tessarakonteres
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1118:Outrigger canoe
1028:
944:
868:
837:
827:
792:
774:
772:Further reading
769:
760:
758:
750:
749:
745:
734:
730:
685:
681:
672:
670:
666:
660:
643:
632:
628:
619:
617:
611:"Owning a boat"
609:
608:
604:
593:
589:
575:
569:
565:
551:
547:
531:
527:
519:
515:
508:
504:
493:
489:
480:
478:
474:
467:
459:
455:
447:
440:
430:
429:
425:
416:
414:
406:
405:
401:
395:
379:
375:
366:
364:
356:
355:
351:
347:
277:
244:Charles Babbage
201:
199:Planing vessels
196:
160:
155:
133:, then a small
95:was blocked in
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2045:Norfolk wherry
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Trailer sailer
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Pocket cruiser
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1772:Montagu whaler
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1318:Post-classical
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:Borobudur ship
1233:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Jackass-barque
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Ljungström rig
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
874:
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
845:
843:
839:
838:
826:
825:
818:
811:
803:
797:
796:
790:
773:
770:
768:
767:
743:
728:
679:
641:
626:
602:
587:
563:
545:
525:
513:
510:Hazelwood 2005
502:
497:English Canals
487:
477:on 25 May 2013
453:
451:, p. 261.
438:
423:
399:
393:
373:
348:
346:
343:
276:
273:
240:Thomas Telford
200:
197:
195:
194:UK canal boats
192:
159:
156:
154:
151:
105:Spanish Armada
69:English Armada
55:, such as the
37:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2169:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:Special terms
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Sailing yacht
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:East Indiaman
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Bermuda sloop
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1516:
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2152:Pirate ships
2040:Norfolk punt
1918:Mast aft rig
1827:Herring buss
1751:West Country
1673:Sloop-of-war
1528:
1524:
1482:
1458:Crommesteven
951:sailing rigs
925:Mast aft rig
873:Sailing rigs
833:vessels and
780:
759:. Retrieved
755:
746:
737:
731:
696:
692:
682:
671:. Retrieved
635:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:
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579:
566:
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548:
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516:
505:
496:
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479:, retrieved
472:the original
463:
456:
432:
426:
415:. Retrieved
411:
402:
384:Viator vol 4
383:
376:
365:. Retrieved
361:
352:
338:
332:
312:
289:
283:
270:
263:
248:
225:
217:
202:
161:
146:
138:
128:
118:
77:privateering
48:
44:
39:
20:
18:
2035:Mersey flat
2013:Other types
1802:Barca-longa
1704:Down Easter
1341:Bomb vessel
1293:K'un-lun po
1271:Quadriremes
1256:Penteconter
1143:Quadrimaran
964:Barquentine
880:Bermuda rig
849:Age of Sail
449:McLynn 2012
328:World War I
184:Les Andelys
164:war galleys
147:kromstevens
61:Watergeuzen
2147:Tall ships
2117:Ship types
2106:Categories
1999:Treenailed
1979:Lashed lug
1974:Inflatable
1953:Windsurfer
1938:Sportsboat
1887:Well smack
1756:Windjammer
1683:Trincadour
1653:Padewakang
1503:Man-of-war
1442:Trabaccolo
1381:Malangbang
1183:Vaka katea
1133:Pentamaran
974:Brigantine
935:Square rig
930:Pinisi rig
910:Lateen rig
900:Gunter rig
864:Navigation
761:2022-12-25
673:2022-12-25
620:2022-12-26
417:2021-01-23
367:2021-01-23
358:"fly-boat"
345:References
292:narrowboat
176:Portsmouth
121:(1630) by
107:to invade
89:Dunkirkers
81:privateers
1994:Tall ship
1822:Gableboat
1736:Leti leti
1726:Janggolan
1658:Post ship
1529:de armada
1518:Speronara
1246:Fire ship
1178:Va'a-tele
1103:Kora kora
1068:Catamaran
1034:Multihull
940:Tanja rig
885:Crab claw
842:Overviews
829:Types of
723:158267275
715:0014-4983
499:, Oakwood
143:cromsters
139:vlieboten
51:or river
1948:Wharrams
1867:Sixareen
1862:Nordland
1857:Patorani
1643:Gundalow
1628:Gallivat
1613:Chialoup
1608:Bilander
1557:Corvette
1473:Galleass
1432:Lancaran
1391:Tongkang
1376:Longship
1326:Balinger
1226:Balangay
1173:Ungalawa
1168:Trimaran
1163:Tongiaki
1158:Tipairua
1009:Schooner
905:Junk rig
895:Gaff rig
699:: 1–24.
536:(1831).
259:solitons
234:and Sir
45:vlieboot
25:warships
2084:Related
1882:Tartane
1832:Jangada
1812:Felucca
1807:Falkuša
1765:20th c.
1719:Warship
1709:Golekan
1692:19th c.
1618:Clipper
1601:18th c.
1587:Polacca
1567:Frigate
1545:17th c.
1513:Patache
1508:Manchua
1483:Flyboat
1468:Galleon
1451:16th c.
1422:Caravel
1412:Carrack
1405:15th c.
1371:Kondura
1336:Birlinn
1266:Trireme
1218:Ancient
1153:Tepukei
1108:Lakatoi
1098:Karakoa
1078:Guilalo
1063:Camakau
1048:Amatasi
1036:vessels
1004:Mistico
979:Catboat
920:Lug rig
831:sailing
296:English
213:planing
135:galleon
131:frigate
109:England
97:Dunkirk
85:pirates
73:carrack
53:estuary
21:flyboat
2075:Wherry
2050:Pausik
1908:Dinghy
1852:Mayang
1847:Masula
1842:Lugger
1837:Jukung
1741:Palari
1663:74-gun
1648:Lanong
1572:Galeas
1498:Lorcha
1463:Galiot
1427:Ghurab
1386:Shitik
1331:Benawa
1281:Dromon
1261:Bireme
1251:Galley
1113:Lanong
1083:Jukung
1053:Baurua
984:Cutter
959:Barque
788:
721:
713:
615:GOV.UK
481:25 May
391:
339:Saturn
324:cheese
284:Saturn
36:Origin
2030:Fusta
1984:Razee
1958:Yacht
1877:Smack
1872:Sgoth
1817:Fifie
1792:Bagan
1746:Tamar
1731:Lambo
1633:Garay
1536:Xebec
1525:round
1488:Fluyt
1478:Ghali
1396:Zabra
1361:Knarr
1303:Mtepe
1231:Boita
1188:Vinta
1148:Takia
1128:Paraw
1093:Kalia
1058:Bigiw
1043:ʻalia
1014:Sloop
999:Ketch
719:S2CID
667:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
475:(PDF)
468:(PDF)
320:locks
299:canal
188:Seine
180:Rouen
42:Dutch
30:fluyt
2065:Scow
2060:Pram
2004:ULDB
1989:Sewn
1892:Yoal
1797:Bago
1678:Toop
1638:Grab
1582:Pink
1577:Koff
1366:Koch
1356:Jong
1351:Hulk
1298:Lepa
1288:Junk
1241:Dhow
1138:Proa
1123:Pahi
1088:Kaep
1073:Drua
1024:Yawl
1019:Snow
969:Brig
835:rigs
786:ISBN
711:ISSN
483:2013
389:ISBN
313:The
242:and
57:Vlie
49:vlie
19:The
1527:or
1437:Hoy
1346:Cog
1308:Uru
949:By
701:doi
182:to
178:to
83:or
2108::
1193:Wa
754:.
717:.
709:.
697:71
695:.
691:.
644:^
613:.
578:,
441:^
410:.
360:.
337:,
330:.
268:.
215:.
190:.
111:.
1624:)
1620:(
1531:)
822:e
815:t
808:v
794:.
764:.
725:.
703::
676:.
623:.
561:]
420:.
370:.
145:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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